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Vukićević T, Draganić P, Škribulja M, Puljak L, Došenović S. Consumption of psychotropic drugs in Croatia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 10-year longitudinal study (2012-2021). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:799-811. [PMID: 37847256 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This longitudinal study aimed to examine the trends in antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics/sedatives consumption in Croatia over a 10-year period (2012-2021). The study also assessed whether the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the yearly consumption of psychotropic drugs. METHODS Data were collected from Croatian Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices (HALMED) and presented as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID). The consumption before (2012-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was compared with interrupted time series analysis. RESULTS There was an increase in total consumption of analyzed psychotropic drugs in Croatia between the years 2012 and 2021, from 115.47 DDD/TID in 2012 to 155.50 DDD/TID in 2021. An increasing trend was observed in the consumption of all 4 analyzed groups of medicines (antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and antidepressants). Anxiolytics accounted for 59% (68.29/115.47 DDD/TID), and hypnotics and sedatives for 8.5% (9.76/115.47 DDD/TID) of total consumption in 2012. At the end of a 10-year period, hypnotics and sedatives represented 12% (19.05/155.50 DDD/TID) and anxiolytics 54% (83.53/155.50 DDD/TID) of psychotropic drugs consumption. The total consumption of psychotropic drugs was not significantly different before and during COVID-19 pandemic (estimate ± standard error = 5.029 ± 6.899, t = 0.729, P = 0.490). CONCLUSION Croatia had a high, continuously increasing consumption of psychotropic drugs. National anxiolytics consumption was one of the highest globally, while consumption of antidepressants was rather low compared to other high-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic did not seem to influence the yearly utilization of psychotropic drugs in Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Vukićević
- Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pero Draganić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Škribulja
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Došenović
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia.
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Virtanen M, Törmälehto S, Partonen T, Elovainio M, Ruuhela R, Hakulinen C, Komulainen K, Airaksinen J, Väänänen A, Koskinen A, Sund R. Seasonal patterns of sickness absence due to diagnosed mental disorders: a nationwide 12-year register linkage study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e64. [PMID: 37941381 PMCID: PMC7615330 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although seasonality has been documented for mental disorders, it is unknown whether similar patterns can be observed in employee sickness absence from work due to a wide range of mental disorders with different severity level, and to what extent the rate of change in light exposure plays a role. To address these limitations, we used daily based sickness absence records to examine seasonal patterns in employee sickness absence due to mental disorders. METHODS We used nationwide diagnosis-specific psychiatric sickness absence claims data from 2006 to 2017 for adult individuals aged 16-67 (n = 636,543 sickness absence episodes) in Finland, a high-latitude country with a profound variation in daylength. The smoothed time-series of the ratio of observed and expected (O/E) daily counts of episodes were estimated, adjusted for variation in all-cause sickness absence rates during the year. RESULTS Unipolar depressive disorders peaked in October-November and dipped in July, with similar associations in all forms of depression. Also, anxiety and non-organic sleep disorders peaked in October-November. Anxiety disorders dipped in January-February and in July-August, while non-organic sleep disorders dipped in April-August. Manic episodes reached a peak from March to July and dipped in September-November and in January-February. Seasonality was not dependent on the severity of the depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a seasonal variation in sickness absence due to common mental disorders and bipolar disorder, with high peaks in depressive, anxiety and sleep disorders towards the end of the year and a peak in manic episodes starting in spring. Rapid changes in light exposure may contribute to sickness absence due to bipolar disorder. The findings can help clinicians and workplaces prepare for seasonal variations in healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Törmälehto
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - T. Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Elovainio
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Ruuhela
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Hakulinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Komulainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Airaksinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Bartova L, Fugger G, Dold M, Kautzky A, Fanelli G, Zanardi R, Albani D, Weidenauer A, Rujescu D, Souery D, Mendlewic J, Montgomery S, Zohar J, Fabbri C, Serretti A, Kasper S. Real-world characteristics of European patients receiving SNRIs as first-line treatment for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:105-114. [PMID: 36958488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most frequently prescribed antidepressants (ADs) for major depressive disorder (MDD), with an increasing trend in the last decade. Given the relative dearth of information regarding rationales for their preferred use as first-line ADs in the broad clinical routine, the present study systematically investigated real-world characteristics of MDD patients prescribed either SNRIs or other AD substances across different countries and treatment settings. METHODS In the present secondary analyses based on a large European, multi-site, naturalistic and cross-sectional investigation with a retrospective assessment of treatment outcome, we firstly defined the proportion of MDD patients receiving SNRIs as first-line AD psychopharmacotherapy and secondly compared their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to those patients prescribed alternative first-line ADs during their current major depressive episode (MDE). RESULTS Within the total sample of 1410 MDD patients, 336 (23.8 %) received first-line SNRIs. Compared to other ADs, SNRIs were significantly associated with inpatient care, suicidality and treatment resistance during the current MDE, and a longer lifetime duration of psychiatric hospitalizations. Moreover, greater severity of depressive symptoms at study entry, higher daily doses of the administered ADs, as well as more frequent prescriptions of psychopharmacotherapeutic add-on strategies in general and antipsychotic augmentation in particular, were significantly related to first-line SNRIs. CONCLUSIONS Considering the limitations of a cross-sectional and retrospective study design, our data point towards a preferred use of first-line SNRIs in a generally more severely ill MDD patients, although they did not lead to superior treatment outcomes compared to alternative ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Fugger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Psychiatric Day Hospital University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Markus Dold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Souery
- Psy Pluriel - European Centre of Psychological Medicine, Brussels, Belgium; School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Mendlewic
- School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stuart Montgomery
- Imperial College School of Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Psychiatric Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Silva C, Cachada A, Gonçalves FJM, Nannou C, Lambropoulou D, Patinha C, Abrantes N, Pereira JL. Chemical characterization of riverine sediments affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156305. [PMID: 35636541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the contribution of wastewater treatment effluents to the contamination profile of the sediments of receiving waterways. Three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were addressed, encompassing different population equivalent sizes, urbanization degrees and treatment methods translating differences in expected contamination patterns. Within each WWTP system, the assessment targeted the effluent and sediment samples collected upstream and downstream the effluent discharge point; contaminants belonging to several concerning chemical classes (metals and metalloids; pesticides; pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) were quantified both in effluent and sediment samples. Clear associations between contaminants present in the effluent and corresponding sediment samples were not always verified. In fact, a noticeable difference between the number or abundance of contaminants detected in effluents and in sediments, suggesting that effluents are not always the most likely source (e.g. PAHs). However, sediment contaminants that were likely sourced by the effluents were also identified (e.g. PPCPs). Sediment analysis offers an important historical view of contamination, especially in flowing recipient ecosystems where any characterization over the water matrix is ephemeral and linking exclusively to the moment of sampling. Hence, sediments should be considered for the establishment of WWTP operational benchmarks regulating the emission of contaminants, which is currently focused mostly on effluent composition thus potentially over/underestimating the longer-term impact of effluent discharge in the recipient waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cachada
- CIIMAR-UP, Novo Edifício Do Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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Fugger G, Bartova L, Fabbri C, Fanelli G, Zanardi R, Dold M, Kautzky A, Rujescu D, Souery D, Mendlewicz J, Zohar J, Montgomery S, Serretti A, Kasper S. The sociodemographic and clinical phenotype of European patients with major depressive disorder undergoing first-line antidepressant treatment with NaSSAs. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:225-234. [PMID: 35691416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Fugger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Dold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Souery
- School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Psy Pluriel - European Centre of Psychological Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joseph Zohar
- Psychiatric Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Stuart Montgomery
- Imperial College School of Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Davey CJE, Kraak MHS, Praetorius A, Ter Laak TL, van Wezel AP. Occurrence, hazard, and risk of psychopharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in European surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118878. [PMID: 35878520 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide insights into the risk posed by psychopharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in European surface waters, and to identify current knowledge gaps hampering this risk assessment. First, the availability and quality of data on the concentrations of psychopharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface waters (occurrence) and on the toxicity to aquatic organisms (hazard) were reviewed. If both occurrence and ecotoxicity data were available, risk quotients (risk) were calculated. Where abundant ecotoxicity data were available, a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was constructed, from which the hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) was derived, allowing to derive integrated multi-species risks. A total of 702 compounds were categorised as psychopharmaceuticals and illicit drugs based on a combination of all 502 anatomical therapeutic class (ATC) 'N' pharmaceuticals and a list of illicit drugs according to the Dutch Opium Act. Of these, 343 (49%) returned occurrence data, while only 105 (15%) returned ecotoxicity data. Moreover, many ecotoxicity tests used irrelevant endpoints for neurologically active compounds, such as mortality, which may underestimate the hazard of psychopharmaceuticals. Due to data limitations, risks could only be assessed for 87 (12%) compounds, with 23 (3.3%) compounds indicating a potential risk, and several highly prescribed drugs returned neither occurrence nor ecotoxicity data. Primary bottlenecks in risk calculation included the lack of ecotoxicity data, a lack of diversity of test species and ecotoxicological end points, and large disparities between well studied and understudied compounds for both occurrence and toxicity data. This study identified which compounds merit concern, as well as the many compounds that lack the data for any calculation of risk, driving research priorities. Despite the large knowledge gaps, we concluded that the presence of a substantial part (26%) of data-rich psychopharmaceuticals in surface waters present an ecological risk for aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie J E Davey
- FAME, UvA IBED: Universiteit van Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- FAME, UvA IBED: Universiteit van Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia Praetorius
- FAME, UvA IBED: Universiteit van Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Ter Laak
- FAME, UvA IBED: Universiteit van Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- FAME, UvA IBED: Universiteit van Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
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Winkler D, Reichardt B, Rothenberg M, Rujescu D, Pjrek E. Prescriptions of psychopharmacologic drugs in Austria in 2019 and 2020 – Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e73. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Measures to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have an impact on the mental health of the general population. Drug prescription rates can be used as a surrogate marker to estimate help seeking and health parameters of a population. The aim of this study was to compare psychopharmacologic drug prescriptions in Austria from the start of the pandemic in 2020 over time and with the previous year and to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020.
Methods
Data from the three largest public health insurances in Austria, covering over 98% of the general population, were analyzed. A total of 1,365,294 patients with a prescription of a psychopharmacologic drug in the months March to December in 2019 and 2020 were selected.
Results
There was no significant change in prescribed defined daily doses (DDDs) during the lockdowns. However, there was a stockpiling effect before and at the beginning of lockdown 1. The number of new patients initiating psychopharmacologic treatment was significantly reduced during lockdown 1 but not during lockdown 2.
Conclusions
The first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 functioned as a barrier for new psychiatric patients seeking help, whereas the patients with ongoing treatments did not have significant problems. These results have to be taken into account for future planning, but follow-up studies are needed, as our results could be indicative of a change in the effect of the protective measures on the utilization of the healthcare system over time.
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Zagorscak P, Bohn J, Heinrich M, Kampisiou C, Knaevelsrud C. Only on Invitation? How the Recruitment Strategy Determines Who Is Treated Online. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000503407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zagorscak P, Bohn J, Heinrich M, Kampisiou C, Knaevelsrud C. Nur auf Einladung? Wie die Rekrutierungsstrategie beeinflusst, wer online behandelt wird. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000502018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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