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Segura ÀG, Prohens L, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bioque M, Ribeiro M, Gurriarán-Bas X, Rementería L, Berge D, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Roldán A, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ibáñez A, Usall J, García-Portilla MP, Cuesta MJ, Parellada M, González-Pinto A, Berrocoso E, Bernardo M, Mas S, González-Díaz JM, Arbelo N, González-Peñas J, Pina-Camacho L, Diestre A, Selma J, Zorrilla I, López P, Trabsa A, Monserrat C, Sanchez-Pastor L, Nuñez-Doyle A, Fatjó-Vilas M, Sarró S, Butjosa A, Pardo M, López-Ilundain JM, Sánchez Torres AM, Saiz-Ruiz J, Ochoa-Mangado E, RIevero O, De-la-Cámara C, Echevarría RS, González-Blanco L. Epigenetic clocks in relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:61. [PMID: 35869075 PMCID: PMC9307769 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to investigate the association between several epigenetic clocks, covering different aspects of aging, with schizophrenia relapse evaluated over a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of ninety-one first-episode schizophrenia patients. Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled and four epigenetic clocks, including epigenetic clocks of chronological age, mortality and telomere length were calculated. Patients that relapsed during the follow-up showed epigenetic acceleration of the telomere length clock (p = 0.030). Shorter telomere length was associated with cognitive performance (working memory, r = 0.31 p = 0.015; verbal fluency, r = 0.28 p = 0.028), but no direct effect of cognitive function or symptom severity on relapse was detected. The results of the present study suggest that epigenetic age acceleration could be involved in the clinical course of schizophrenia and could be a useful marker of relapse when measured in remission stages.
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Chen XY, Lo CKM, Chan KL, Leung WC, Ip P. Association between Childhood Exposure to Family Violence and Telomere Length: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912151. [PMID: 36231453 PMCID: PMC9566190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this meta-analysis were to examine the association between childhood exposure to family violence and telomere length and the moderating variables that influence this association. Relevant works published on or before 1st September 2022 were identified through a search in five major databases in English and 19 articles (N = 18,977) finally met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to compute the pooled effect size (correlation; r), and moderator analyses were performed using a random effects meta-analytic model. The studies yielded a significant inverse association between childhood exposure to family violence and telomere length, with a small effect size (r = -0.038, 95% CI [-0.070, -0.005], p = 0.025). Furthermore, the strength of this association was stronger in studies examining the co-occurrence of multiple types of violence than in those examining just one type (Q = 8.143, p = 0.004). These findings suggested that victims' telomere length may be negatively influenced by childhood exposure to family violence and that such impairment appears to be stronger for those who are exposed to multiple types of violence. Future studies are necessary to examine the moderating and mediating factors underlying the association between childhood exposure to family violence and telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Camilla K. M. Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (C.K.M.L.); (K.L.C.); Tel.: +852-2766-5760 (C.K.M.L.); +852-2766-5709 (K.L.C.)
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (C.K.M.L.); (K.L.C.); Tel.: +852-2766-5760 (C.K.M.L.); +852-2766-5709 (K.L.C.)
| | - Wing Cheong Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Rosenfield PJ, Jiang D, Pauselli L. Childhood adversity and psychotic disorders: Epidemiological evidence, theoretical models and clinical considerations. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:55-66. [PMID: 34210561 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While genetic factors play a critical role in the risk for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, increasing evidence points to the role of childhood adversity as one of several environmental factors that can significantly impact the development, manifestations and outcome of these disorders. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence linking childhood adversity and psychotic disorders and explores various theoretical models that seek to explain the connection. We discuss neurobiological parallels between the impact of childhood trauma and psychosis on the brain and then explore the impact of childhood adversity on different domains of clinical presentation. Finally, implications for prevention and treatment are considered, both on individual and structural levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Rosenfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
| | - David Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
| | - Luca Pauselli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
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4
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Leukocyte telomere length in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2968-2975. [PMID: 35393557 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Telomere length may serve as a biomarker of cellular aging. The literature assessing telomere length in schizophrenia contains conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To assess differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in peripheral blood in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders and healthy controls and to explore the effect of potential confounding variables. DATA SOURCES A search of Ovid MEDLINE, and Proquest databases was conducted to identify appropriate studies published from database inception through December 2020. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021233280. STUDY SELECTION The initial literature search yielded 192 studies. After study selection in 3 phases, we included 29 samples from 22 studies in the meta-analysis database. DATA EXTRACTION We used random effects and meta-regression models to derive Cohen d values with pooled 95% confidence intervals (CI) as estimates of effect size (ES) and to test effects of potential moderators. RESULTS The overall meta-analysis included 4145 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders and 4184 healthy controls and showed that LTL was significantly shorter in patients, with a small to medium effect size (ES, -0.388; 95% CI, -0.492 to -0.283; p < 0.001). Subgroup meta-analyses did not find a significant effect of age or illness duration on differences in LTL in patients with psychosis relative to controls. Meta-regression analyses showed that none of the putative moderators had a significant effect on effect size estimates. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis find further support for the hypothesis of accelerated cellular aging in schizophrenia and related disorders and highlights the need for large longitudinal studies with repeated LTL measurements over time and appropriate assessments of associated factors.
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Schürhoff F, Corfdir C, Pignon B, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Marcos E, Leboyer M, Adnot S, Jamain S, Szöke A. Shortening telomere is associated with psychotic dimensions in the general population. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:470-471. [PMID: 35246364 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Corfdir
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Andreï Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
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Zheng W, Jiang WL, Zhang X, Cai DB, Sun JW, Yin F, Ren PC, Zhao M, Wu HW, Xiang YQ, Liang WN, Zheng W. Use of the RBANS to Evaluate Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: a Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:137-149. [PMID: 33751356 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is an important risk factor for developing cognitive impairment in the general population. A few case-control studies have explored the relationship between MetS and cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia but with inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis of case-control studies was carried out to explore the association between MetS and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. Only case-control studies assessing the association of cognitive function and MetS in patients with schizophrenia were identified. Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scale. Six case-control studies (n = 992) comparing cognition between patients with schizophrenia with MetS (n = 426) and those without MetS (n = 566) using the RBANS were identified. Compared to patients with schizophrenia without MetS, patients with schizophrenia and MetS had significantly more impairments in RBANS total scores [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.51 to -0.02; I2 = 72%; p = 0.03], immediate memory (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.10; I2 = 66%; p = 0.005), attention (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.02; I2 = 77%; p = 0.03), and delayed memory (SMD = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.03; I2 = 64%; p = 0.03). No group difference was found regarding visuospatial skills and language (p > 0.05). This meta-analysis found that schizophrenia patients with MetS had worse performance on certain cognitive tasks than non-MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Xun Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Bin Cai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Wei Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Harbin Medical University Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Wang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Xiang
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District in Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Nian Liang
- Wanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
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Durand M, Nagot N, Michel L, Le SM, Duong HT, Vallo R, Vizeneux A, Rapoud D, Giang HT, Quillet C, Thanh NTT, Hai Oanh KT, Vinh VH, Feelemyer J, Vande Perre P, Minh KP, Laureillard D, Des Jarlais D, Molès JP. Mental Disorders Are Associated With Leukocytes Telomere Shortening Among People Who Inject Drugs. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846844. [PMID: 35782414 PMCID: PMC9247253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature biological aging, assessed by shorter telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, has been reported among people with major depressive disorders or psychotic disorders. However, these markers have never been assessed together among people who inject drugs (PWIDs), although mental disorders are highly prevalent in this population, which, in addition, is subject to other aggravating exposures. Diagnosis of mental disorders was performed by a psychiatrist using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview test among active PWIDs in Haiphong, Vietnam. mtDNA copy number (MCN), mtDNA deletion, and TL were assessed by quantitative PCR and compared to those without any mental disorder. We next performed a multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with being diagnosed with a major depressive episode (MDE) or a psychotic syndrome (PS). In total, 130 and 136 PWIDs with and without psychiatric conditions were analyzed. Among PWIDs with mental disorders, 110 and 74 were diagnosed with MDE and PS, respectively. TL attrition was significantly associated with hepatitis C virus-infected PWIDs with MDE or PS (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.53 [0.36; 0.80] and 0.59 [0.39; 0.88], respectively). TL attrition was even stronger when PWIDs cumulated at least two episodes of major depressive disorders. On the other hand, no difference was observed in mtDNA alterations between groups. The telomeric age difference with drug users without a diagnosis of psychiatric condition was estimated during 4.2-12.8 years according to the number of MDEs, making this group more prone to age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélusine Durand
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Michel
- Pierre Nicole Center, CESP UMR 1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Sao Mai Le
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Duong
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Roselyne Vallo
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Vizeneux
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Rapoud
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Hoang Thi Giang
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Catherine Quillet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Vu Hai Vinh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Khue Pham Minh
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Didier Laureillard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Don Des Jarlais
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
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Aging biological markers in a cohort of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105350. [PMID: 34271521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and multifactorial disorder with an unknown causative pathophysiology. Abnormalities in neurodevelopmental and aging processes have been reported. Relative telomere length (RTL) and DNA methylation age (DMA), well-known biomarkers for estimating biological age, are both commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. However, few studies investigated these aging biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in antipsychotic-naïve patients. To cover the existing gap regarding DMA and RTL in FEP and antipsychotic treatment, we aimed to verify whether those aging markers could be associated with psychosis and treatment response. Thus, we evaluated these measures in the blood of FEP antipsychotic-naïve patients and healthy controls (HC), as well as the response to antipsychotics after 10 weeks of treatment with risperidone. RTL was measured in 392 subjects, being 80 FEP and 312 HC using qPCR, while DMA was analyzed in a subset of 60 HC, 60 FEP patients (antipsychotic-naïve) and 59 FEP-10W (after treatment) using the "Multi-tissue Predictor"and the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit. We observed diminished DMA and longer RTL in FEP patients before treatment compared to healthy controls, indicating a decelerated aging process in those patients. We found no statistical difference between responder and non-responder patients at baseline for both markers. An increased DMA was observed in patients after 10 weeks of treatment, however, after adjusting for blood cell composition, no significant association remained. Our findings indicate a decelerated aging process in the early phases of the disease.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Nsibi T, Sassi H, Cheour M. Link between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in non-affected siblings of schizophrenia patients: A case-control study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1154-1166. [PMID: 33034164 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prior research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between childhood trauma (CT) exposure and an increased risk of developing psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and disorders. Studying the link between CT and PLE in non-clinical populations with or without genetic risk factors could help elucidate the etiopathogeny of psychotic disorders, by removing the effect of confounding variables related to psychotic-spectrum illnesses. METHOD A total of 60 non-affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and 75 controls (aged 18-35 years) participated in a cross-sectional survey. The Positive Subscale of Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE) and the CT Questionnaire were used. RESULTS We found no significant difference with regard to positive dimension of the CAPE between the two groups. Siblings have reported higher CAPE negative symptoms scores than controls (27.9 vs 24.2; P = .015), and more emotional abuse and physical neglect during childhood than controls. After controlling for demographic and psychosocial variables, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect were positively related to positive psychotic symptoms in the control group, whereas no dimension of CT has been linked to these symptoms in the sibling group. CONCLUSION The link between CT and psychosis seems to be complex, not only dependent on genetic vulnerability or early environmental factors shared by siblings of patients with psychotic disorders, but also several other confounding factors, including other psychopathological symptoms. Prevention strategies for individuals at genetic risk of psychosis should pay particular attention to CT as a potential predictor of sub-clinical depression and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Tasnim Nsibi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hadhami Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
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Schürhoff F, Corfdir C, Pignon B, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Marcos E, Pelissolo A, Leboyer M, Adnot S, Jamain S, Szöke A. No alteration of leukocyte telomere length in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113941. [PMID: 33945962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy. Furthermore, several studies found a shorter telomere length (TL) in schizophrenia. Understanding whether or not telomere shortening is directly related to pathophysiology of schizophrenia or is a consequence of a cumulative exposure to chronic stress is of major importance. Comparing the TL of subjects at the very beginning of the disease (FEP) and control subjects could help to decide between these two hypotheses. The aim of the present study was to compare TL between FEP subjects (N=91) and controls (N=137). After accounting for multiple potential confounders, no significant association was observed between FEP and TL. Our result is consistent with the hypothesis that psycho-social stress / adversities and stressful situations in people with schizophrenia affect TL rather than that telomere erosion contributes to the development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France.
| | - Cécile Corfdir
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Antoine Pelissolo
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Stephane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
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11
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Corfdir C, Pignon B, Szöke A, Schürhoff F. [Accelerated telomere erosion in schizophrenia: A literature review]. Encephale 2021; 47:369-375. [PMID: 33863507 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a weighted average of 14.5 years of potential life lost according to a recent meta-analysis. This is partly explained by high rates of suicide and a high prevalence of non-psychiatric comorbidity (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers…). However, all these causes could not fully explain the loss of life expectancy in people suffering from schizophrenia. Life expectancy has been strongly correlated with telomere length (TL). Telomeres are noncoding structures consisting of DNA TTAGGG tandem repeats and associated proteins located at the end of the chromosomes. Their role is to help preserve genome stability by protecting chromosomal ends from the loss of genetic material. The progressive loss of telomeric material during cell divisions has led researchers to consider telomeres as molecular clocks that measure the number of divisions left until cellular death. The fact that both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy has fueled the interest in the study of TL in schizophrenia. In this article, after a detailed review of the literature on the relationships between telomere length and schizophrenia, we discuss the different pathophysiological mechanisms which might explain this association. Based on this analysis, in the last part of the article we discuss potential research, therapeutic and prevention prospects. To date, the majority of the studies and meta-analyses found a decrease in TL in subjects with schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Conversely, all the studies exploring the TL in subjects suffering from first episode psychosis (FEP) have shown no significant difference from TL in control subjects. This suggests that excessive shortening of telomeres occurs during the course of the disease, thus it seems more probable that schizophrenia (or processes associated with it) affects TL rather than telomere erosion being a cause of the disorder. Several pathophysiological, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed data. A first hypothesis to explain the acceleration of the physiological process of telomere erosion in schizophrenia is the activation of inflammation processes and oxidative stress as a consequence of schizophrenia per se. However, it seems more probable that reduced TL may be a result of cumulative exposure to chronic stress related to schizophrenia. Indeed, in healthy individuals a growing body of evidence has linked chronic stress to accelerated shortening of TL. This might explain why telomere erosion is too small to be detected in FEP patients who are younger and have a shorter duration of illness than subjects with schizophrenia. Based on these both explanations, telomere alterations may be considered as a biomarker of illness progression and might be useful for illness staging. Identifying processes associated with TL reduction might improve our understanding of the increased mortality and morbidity in schizophrenia, improve reliability of diagnosis, and hopefully suggest means for prevention and/or treatment. Treatments that prevent exposure and/or vulnerability to stressful life events that ameliorate schizophrenia may also prevent or decelerate telomere erosion. In this perspective, engaging subjects suffering from schizophrenia in a healthy diet and regular activity could be both promising strategies to protect telomere maintenance and improve health span at old age. In addition, the inflammatory process and oxidative stress involved in the physiopathology in at least a subgroup of subjects with schizophrenia could also be responsible for telomere erosion. Thus, an efficient anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach that targets these specific pathways could be of interest in this subgroup to limit telomere erosion. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapies have been shown to reduce telomere erosion by increasing telomerase activity, although these psychological therapies should be used carefully in psychosis. Finally, advancing our understanding of the relationship between stress, inflammation and TL is of great interest for psychiatric research and for understanding stress effects in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corfdir
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - B Pignon
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A Szöke
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - F Schürhoff
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Huang Z, Liang J, Xia Q, Xia Q, Liu X. Environmental pollutants exposure: A potential contributor for aging and age-related diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103575. [PMID: 33385577 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are "protective messengers" at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that protect them from degradation, end to end fusion and recombination. Admittedly, telomeres progressively shorten with age that can also be significantly accelerated by pathological conditions, which are often considered as potential contributors for cellular senescence. It is commonly believed that constant accumulation of senescent cells may lead to dysfunctional tissues and organs, thereby accelerating aging process and subsequent occurrence of age-related diseases. In particular, epidemiological data has indicated a significant association between environmental pollutants exposure and a high incidence of age-related diseases. Moreover, there is growing evidence that environmental toxicity has a detrimental impact on telomere length. Overall, a consensus is emerging that environmental pollutants exposure could lead to accelerated telomere erosion and further induce premature senescence, which may be responsible for the acceleration of aging and the high morbidity and mortality rates of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Jiequan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Zhaogang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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An original biomarker for the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications: Telomere length. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:499-504. [PMID: 33732625 PMCID: PMC7941069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a sample of patients with coronary heart disease. We analyzed the telomere length in this sample. We compared telomere length in patients and conventionally healthy study participants. Patients with coronary heart disease had shorter telomerestelomeres. These patients had an increased risk of cardiovascular complication.
Aim The aim of this work was to study the effect of telomere length in the chromosomes of nuclear blood cells in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) on the development of cardiovascular complications (CVC). Materials and methods DNA was isolated from nuclear blood cells of 498 study participants. The telomere length was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The investigation of each sample was repeated three times. Five years after the end of this study, a telephone survey of 119 patients with CHD was conducted in order to obtain data on the presence of CVC. Results According to the results obtained, a decrease in telomere length in patients with coronary heart disease increases the risk of subsequent development of cardiovascular complications. Conclusion Patients with coronary heart disease with shorter telomeres compared with conventionally healthy study participants had an increased risk of cardiovascular complications within 5 years after telomere analysis.
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Wang Q, Zhu D, Ping S, Li C, Pang K, Zhu S, Zhang J, Comai S, Sun J. Melatonin recovers sleep phase delayed by MK-801 through the melatonin MT 2 receptor- Ca 2+ -CaMKII-CREB pathway in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12674. [PMID: 32535982 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is widely used to treat sleep disorders although the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In mice, using wheel-running detection, we found that exogenous MLT could completely recover the period length prolonged by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) impairment due to the injection of the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, a preclinical model of psychosis. The analysis of the possible underlying mechanisms indicated that MLT could regulate the homeostatic state in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) instead of the circadian process in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In addition, our data showed that MK-801 decreased Ca2+ -related CaMKII expression and CREB phosphorylation levels in the VLPO, and MLT could rescue these intracellular impairments but not NMDAR expression levels. Accordingly, Gcamp6 AAV virus was injected in-vivo to further monitor intracellular Ca2+ levels in the VLPO, and MLT demonstrated a unique ability to increase Ca2+ fluorescence compared with MK-801-injected mice. Additionally, using the selective melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT), we discovered that the pharmacological effects of MLT upon NMDAR impairments were mediated by melatonin MT2 receptors. Using electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) recordings, we observed that the latency to the first nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episode was delayed by MK-801, and MLT was able to recover this delay. In conclusion, exogenous MLT by acting upon melatonin MT2 receptors rescues sleep phase delayed by NMDAR impairment via increasing intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the VLPO, suggesting a regulatory role of the neurohormone on the homeostatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Ping
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuangang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kunkun Pang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Prieto-Oliveira P. Telomerase activation in the treatment of aging or degenerative diseases: a systematic review. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:599-607. [PMID: 33001374 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are protective structures that are shortened during the lifetime, resulting in aging and degenerative diseases. Subjects experiencing aging and degenerative disorders present smaller telomeres than young and healthy ones. The size of these structures can be stabilized by telomerase, an enzyme which is inactive in adult tissues but functional in fetal and newborn tissues and adult testes and ovaries. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effect of telomerase activation in the treatment of degenerative and aging disorders. We accomplished the search using the Pubmed interface for papers published from September 1985 to April 16th, 2020. We found twenty one studies that matched our eligibility criteria. I concluded that telomerase is probably a potential and safe treatment for aging and degenerative diseases, demonstrating neither side effects nor risk of cancer in the selected studies. Further studies in humans are needed to confirm safety and efficiency of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prieto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo Street 781, 16th Floor, Retrovirology, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04039-032, Brazil.
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No alteration in leukocyte telomere length in schizophrenia; evidence from a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:447-448. [PMID: 30979667 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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