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Kurth ML, Segerstrom SC, Chandler KD, Hooker K, Aldwin CM. Resilience and Hassles Trajectories Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae145. [PMID: 39178154 PMCID: PMC11452745 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite higher physical vulnerability to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), older adults reported less psychological stress than younger and midlife adults during the pandemic. However, little is known about age differences in stress within later life, and most COVID-19 studies have been cross-sectional. We examined weekly hassles exposure and severity trajectories and whether these trajectories differed by age, resilience factors (higher trait resilience and education), and vulnerability factors (identifying as a woman, being a person of color, and having chronic health conditions). METHODS Community-dwelling adults aged 50+ in Oregon (Mage = 71.1, standard deviation = 7.3; 74% women, 89% non-Hispanic White) completed weekly online surveys across 8 weeks (April 28-June 22, 2020) during the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate. A 2-part model estimated how age, resilience, and vulnerability factors predicted weekly odds of any hassle exposure and level of severity. RESULTS Across time, hassles exposure decreased and the rate of severity declined, but these patterns differed by age and other demographics. The old-old (estimated at age 78) remained stable in odds of any exposure, whereas the young-old (estimated at age 64) evidenced a J-shaped curve; age did not moderate the severity slopes. Furthermore, both resilience factors were associated with exposure trajectories, whereas vulnerability factors (race/ethnicity and chronic illness) were associated with levels of hassles severity. DISCUSSION There were age differences in patterns of hassles during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, resilience and vulnerability factors also showed complex patterns, underscoring the need for future studies to focus on age differences in well-being in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Kurth
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne C Segerstrom
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kelly D Chandler
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Karen Hooker
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carolyn M Aldwin
- School of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Kim H, O'Sullivan DM. Effect of a smartphone-based physical intervention on depression, fitness factors and movement characteristics in adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2597. [PMID: 39334051 PMCID: PMC11429399 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been shown to correlate with mental health and a reduction in symptoms of depression. However, the majority of research has focused only on the effects of either aerobic or nonaerobic exercise on depressive symptoms, while the use of novel technological innovations such as mobile phone-based activity programs and their effects on movement characteristics are underrepresented. This study had two objectives: (1) to investigate how effectively 4 weeks of mobile phone-based physical activity can affect depressive scores (CES-10-D and PHQ) and fitness levels and (2) to investigate the whether 4 weeks of mobile phone-based physical activity affected participants' movement characteristics. METHODS A total of 31 participants were included and divided into an exercise group (n = 21) and a control group (n = 10). The exercise group was instructed to use a mobile phone-based exercise program 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-exercise, the participants' depression score (CES-10-D, PHQ9), fitness level (YMCA, grip strength) and movement characteristics (postural sway, movement ROM, movement speeds, etc.) for three Azure Kinect physical activity games based on different fitness factors (balance game, cardiovascular game, reaction game) were measured. RESULTS Mixed model ANOVA revealed significant differences between pre- and post-intervention depression scores on the PHQ9 (P = .001) and CES-10-D (P < .001) in both the exercise group and the control group, but not between groups. In terms of movement characteristics, there was an increase in body sway (P = .045) and vertical head movement (P = .02) in the cardiovascular game jogging condition for the exercise group. In the reaction game, the exercise group showed a significant reduction in the number of mistakes (P = .03). There were no other significant differences for the other variables. CONCLUSION The results revealed no differences in the reduction in depression scores between the exercise group and the control group. However, this study showed that a mobile phone-based physical activity intervention affects in-game movement characteristics such as body sway and vertical head movement and therefore may show the potential of using activity-promoting mobile games for improving movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsook Kim
- Department of Data Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- HY Digital Healthcare Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David Michael O'Sullivan
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Cameron E, Mo J, Yu C. A health inequality analysis of childhood asthma prevalence in urban Australia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:285-296. [PMID: 38483422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-standing health inequalities in Australian society that were exposed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic were described as "fault lines" in a recent call to action by a consortium of philanthropic organizations. With asthma a major contributor to childhood disease burden, studies of its spatial epidemiology can provide valuable insights into the emergence of health inequalities early in life. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to characterize the spatial variation of asthma prevalence among children living within Australia's 4 largest cities and quantify the relative contributions of climatic and environmental factors, outdoor air pollution, and socioeconomic status in determining this variation. METHODS A Bayesian model with spatial smoothing was developed to regress ecologic health status data from the 2021 Australian Census against groups of explanatory covariates intended to represent mechanistic pathways. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma in children aged 5 to 14 years averages 7.9%, 8.2%, 8.5%, and 7.6% in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth, respectively. This small inter-city variation contrasts against marked intracity variation at the small-area level, which ranges from 6% to 12% between the least and most affected locations in each. Statistical variance decomposition on a subsample of Australian-born, nonindigenous children attributes 66% of the intracity spatial variation to the assembled covariates. Of these covariates, climatic and environmental factors contribute 30%, outdoor air pollution contributes 19%, and areal socioeconomic status contributes the remaining 51%. CONCLUSION Geographic health inequalities in the prevalence of childhood asthma within Australia's largest cities reflect a complex interplay of factors, among which socioeconomic status is a principal determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Cameron
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.
| | - Joyce Mo
- Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Charles Yu
- Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
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Laughlin LM, Noyes J, Neukirchinger B, Williams D, Phillips R, Griffin S. "It was classed as a nonemergency": Women's experiences of kidney disease and preconception decision-making, family planning, and parenting in the United Kingdom during COVID-19. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 56:147-157. [PMID: 38485661 DOI: 10.1111/psrh.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the experiences of women with kidney disease, residing in the United Kingdom (UK), living through the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on preconception decision-making, family planning, and parenting. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study, comprising an online survey and follow-up interviews, with UK-resident women aged 18-50. RESULTS We received 431 surveys and conducted 30 interviews. Half (n = 221, 51%) of the survey respondents considered that COVID-19 influenced the quality of communication with healthcare professionals and 68% (n = 295) felt that the pandemic disrupted their support networks. Interview participants indicated that delayed and canceled appointments caused anxiety, grief, and loss of pregnancy options. Women's perception of themselves as (good) mothers as well as their capacity to have and raise a child, meet partners, and sustain healthy relationships was negatively affected by the "clinically extremely vulnerable" label. Women's trust in their healthcare was dismantled by miscommunication and variation in lockdown rules that caused confusion and increased worry. Women reported that COVID-19 contributed to postnatal depression, excessive concern over infant mortality, preoccupation over others following rules, and catastrophising. CONCLUSION Some women in the UK with chronic kidney disease lost or missed their opportunity to have children during the pandemic. Future pandemic planners need to look more holistically and longer term at what is and is not classed as an emergency, both in how services are reconfigured and how people with chronic conditions are identified, communicated with, and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Mc Laughlin
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jane Noyes
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | | | - Rhiannon Phillips
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Griffin
- Department of Nephrology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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Salmani B, Hasani J, Zanjani Z, Gholami-Fesharaki M. Two Years after the Beginning of COVID-19: Comparing Families Who Had or Did not Have Patients with COVID-19 on Health Beliefs and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 18:429-442. [PMID: 37881416 PMCID: PMC10593991 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare health beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in families with (FIM+) or without an infected member (FIM-) two years after the beginning of COVID-19. Additionally, this research intended to predict a decrease in OCS from baseline (T1) to 40 days later (T2) based on health beliefs. Method : In a longitudinal survey, 227 participants in two groups, including FIM+ (n = 98; M = 30.44; SD = 5.39) and FIM- (n = 129; M = 29.24; SD = 4.93), were selected through purposive sampling. They responded to measurements consisting of demographic characteristics, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and COVID-19 Health Belief Questionnaire (COVID-19-HBQ) at the final assessment phase (T2). To investigate differences between the two groups and predict OCS changes from T1 to T2, data were analyzed using Chi-squared, t-tests, U-Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlations, and linear regression analyses. Results: At T1, FIM+ demonstrated significantly greater OCS, health beliefs, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and depressive symptoms than FIM-. Furthermore, FIM+ showed a decrease in OCS from T1 to T2 after its infected member recovered from COVID-19 (P < 0.001). A decrease in OCS was correlated with a decrease in perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers. Lack of a vulnerable family member, lower educational attainment, and being a primary caregiver were associated with a greater decrease in OCS. Changes in perceived severity and self-efficacy accounted for 17% of variation in OCS. Conclusion: Even two years after the onset of the pandemic, COVID-19 not only impacts the life of patients with COVID-19 but family members who care for such patients respond to the disease by engaging in excessive health behaviors in the form of OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Salmani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zanjani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Patel EU, Astemborski J, Feder KA, Rudolph JE, Winiker A, Sosnowski DW, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Genberg BL. Temporal association of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with a history of injection drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109802. [PMID: 36774804 PMCID: PMC9908589 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether modifiable social factors foster psychological resilience and mental well-being among people who use drugs following Big Events. We examined the temporal association of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience and negative mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with a history of injection drug use. METHODS Between June and September 2020, we conducted a telephone survey among 545 participants in the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study: a community-based cohort of adults with a history of injection drug use. Leveraging data from study visits in 2018-early 2020, associations of pre-pandemic perceived social support with psychological resilience scores (range=1-5) and the probability of negative mental health symptoms during the pandemic were assessed using multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression models, respectively. RESULTS Participants' median age was 58 years, 38.2% were female, 83.3% identified as Black, and 30.3% were living with HIV. During the pandemic, 14.5% had low (<3) resilience scores, 36.1% experienced anxiety, and 35.8% reported increased loneliness. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of pre-pandemic social support, participants in the highest tertile had higher mean resilience scores (β = 0.27 [95% CI = 0.12, 0.43]), a lower probability of anxiety (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.52, 0.96]), and a lower probability of increased loneliness (PR = 0.62 [95% CI = 0.45, 0.84]). CONCLUSIONS Pre-pandemic perceived social support was associated with greater psychological resilience and generally better mental well-being during the pandemic. Interventions that improve social support may foster psychological resilience and protect the mental well-being of people who use drugs, especially during periods of social disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan U Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Feder
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Winiker
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Becky L Genberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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A confirmed COVID-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension and preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:431-434. [PMID: 36923768 PMCID: PMC10010790 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aggravates preexisting diabetes mellitus and contributes to newly discovered hypertension by increasing blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the rennin-angiotensin system. Diabetes patients may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to chronic comorbidities such as obesity and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Case presentation On 23 March 2022, a retired black African woman in her 60s was taken into the emergency room with the chief complaints of frequent midnight urine, hazy vision, headache, fever, and tingling in her hands and feet. A throat swab PCR test that revealed positive results after 28 h was used to confirm COVID-19. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 105 beats per minute. Fluid resuscitation (0.9% normal saline) of 1000 ml and drip insulin administration commenced as soon as she was brought to an ICU. Clinical discussion In this case report, the patient had been previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 affects the beta cells, forcing them to release insulin and increasing insulin insufficiency, which leads to her blood glucose raising. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is therefore the most frequent comorbidity of COVID-19 in this case report. Conclusion Poor blood glucose management in the case of COVID-19 may increase the pathogen's susceptibility, the likelihood that patients will be admitted to the hospital, and the likelihood that mortality will be enhanced.
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Endometriosis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112951. [PMID: 36361745 PMCID: PMC9657778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as ectopic endometrial tissues dispersed outside the endometrium. This can cause disruption in hormonal and immunological processes, which may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Worsening of endometriosis symptoms may occur as a result of this infection. The aim of our review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in endometriosis patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched, using the keywords: (endometriosis) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2). Forest plots and pooled estimates were created using the Open Meta Analyst software. After screening 474 articles, 19 studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 15 studies were included in the meta-analyses. A total of 17,799 patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in endometriosis patients was 7.5%. Pooled estimates for the health impacts were 47.2% for decreased access to medical care, 49.3% increase in dysmenorrhea, 75% increase in anxiety, 59.4% increase in depression, and 68.9% increase in fatigue. Endometriosis patients were undeniably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the worsening of symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, anxiety, depression, and fatigue.
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Toros K, Falch-Eriksen A. The voices of parents in child protective services: A qualitative analysis of families' struggles with COVID-19. DEVELOPMENTAL CHILD WELFARE 2022; 4:97-113. [PMID: 38603234 PMCID: PMC9047598 DOI: 10.1177/25161032221094045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected children and families worldwide, disrupting their daily lives and well-being. A small-scale study involving 13 parents in Child Protective Services in Estonia was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore parents' experiences with COVID-19 and its impact on their families' well-being. The findings indicated that one of the areas most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic was schooling, as the implementation of remote schooling often created tensions and conflicts at home. Parents reported regression in daily functioning, attributing this to the lack of supportive services during lockdown and additional distress resulting from increased workload at home and problems with balancing home and work life. Parents were exhausted by the various problems caused by the pandemic and questioned their ability to provide their children the support they needed. Discontinuation of services intensified existing challenges for both parents and children. Furthermore, a lack of trust in Child Protective Services was identified, serving as a barrier to asking for help in times of crisis.
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