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Shen J, Xia X, Sun L, Ma X, Huang B, Hanif Q, Chen N, Qu K, Zhang J, Chen H, Jiang Y, Lei C. Genome-wide association study reveals that the IBSP locus affects ear size in cattle. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 130:394-401. [PMID: 37016135 PMCID: PMC10238394 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ear size is a classical model for hot climate adaptation following the evolution, but the genetic basis of the traits associated with ear size remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study on 158 cattle to explain the genetic mechanism of ear size. One region on BTA6 between 36.79 and 38.80 Mb included 50 suggestive SNPs and 4 significant SNPs that were significantly associated with ear size. The most significant locus (P = 1.30 × 10-8) was a missense mutation (T250I) on the seventh exon of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), which had an allele substitution effect of 23.46 cm2 for ear size. Furthermore, this mutation will cause changes in the three-dimensional structure of the protein. To further identify genes underlying this typical feature, we performed a genome scan among nine cattle breeds with different ear sizes by using SweeD. Results suggested that IBSP was under positive selection among four breeds with relatively large ear sizes. The expression levels of IBSP in ear tissues of large- and small-ear cattle were significantly different. A haplotype diversity survey of this missense mutation in worldwide cattle breeds strongly implied that the origin of this missense mutation event was Bos taurus. These findings have important theoretical importance for the exploration of major genes associated with ear size and provide important molecular markers for the identification of cattle germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Xiaoting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650212, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, 577, Pakistan
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650212, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yamamoto N, Takeuchi H, Yamaoka M, Nakanishi T, Tonai S, Nishimura R, Morita T, Nagano M, Kameda S, Genda K, Kawase J, Yamashita Y. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses follicle development marker expression and enhances cytokine expressions, which results in fail to granulosa cell proliferation in developing follicle in cows. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100710. [PMID: 36470010 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum endometritis is known to be associated with ovarian dysfunction in cows. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generated by Gram-negative bacteria is recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which leads to an inflammatory response by the generation of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins. In this study, we investigated the effect of endometrial LPS on granulosa cell functions during early follicular development in cows. Uteri and follicles were obtained from a slaughterhouse and classified into either clinical endometritis (CE) or normal groups by vaginal mucus test. TLR4 mRNA and protein in normal cows were expressed in granulosa cells collected from follicles measuring 1-3 and 4-7 mm in a diameter, respectively. LPS content in endometrium and follicular fluid of CE cows was significantly higher than that in normal cows. Compared to normal cows, CE cows showed lower expression of follicular development markers (FSHR, CYP19A1, CCND2, and LHCGR) in granulosa cells, lower estradiol-17β concentrations in follicular fluid, and lower granulosa cell proliferation. CE contraction significantly increased cytokine expressions (TNF, IL-1A, and IL-1B) in granulosa cells and suppressed apoptosis of granulosa cells compared to normal cows. LPS significantly suppressed the expression of follicular development markers and the production of estradiol-17β in granulosa cells and reduced granulosa cells proliferation compared to cells cultured without LPS. LPS significantly increased cytokine expressions and suppressed granulosa cell apoptosis. Thus, the present results suggest that the existence of LPS in developing follicles is one of the causes of ovarian quiescence in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Shimane Meat Sanitation Inspection Center, Shimane Prefecture, 1677-2 Asahiyama-cho Senyama, Ooda 699-2212, Japan
| | - Himeno Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Manami Yamaoka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Shingo Tonai
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takehito Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Shingo Kameda
- Shimane Meat Sanitation Inspection Center, Shimane Prefecture, 1677-2 Asahiyama-cho Senyama, Ooda 699-2212, Japan
| | - Kaori Genda
- Shimane Meat Sanitation Inspection Center, Shimane Prefecture, 1677-2 Asahiyama-cho Senyama, Ooda 699-2212, Japan
| | - Jun Kawase
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-0122, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamashita
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatuka-cho, Shobara 727-0023, Japan.
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3
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Chotimanukul S, Suwimonteerabutr J, Techakumphu M, Swangchan-Uthai T. In Vitro Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Heat Exposures on the Immune Response and Prostaglandin Biosynthesis in Bovine Endometrial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182359. [PMID: 36139219 PMCID: PMC9495028 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide heat stress (HS) conditions have a negative impact on dairy cow fertility. However, understanding of the effect of heat stress on endometrial functions is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of differential heat exposure conditions on the immune response and prostaglandin biosynthesis of bovine endometrium challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultures of endometrial cells were grown to confluence at 37 °C (control) and 40.4 °C for 24 h after confluence (short-term heat exposure) and 40.4 °C for 8 days from the beginning of the culture (long-term heat exposure), prior to a challenge by 100 ng/mL LPS for 12 h. LPS altered ALOX12, IL8, IL1B, S100A8, PTGES and AKR1B1 expressions, as well as secretory IL8 and PGF2α. Short-term heat exposure decreased S100A8, IL8 and PGF2α compared with the control temperature, while long-term heat exposure decreased S100A8 and PGF2α. In contrast, HSPA5 expression was not altered by heat exposure or LPS. Indeed, the short-term heat treatment was insufficient for accomplishing the responses of the endometrium to LPS treatment for IL8, S100A8 and PTGES expressions when compared with other temperature conditions. Our findings showed that heat exposure could compromise endometrium immune response and prostaglandin biosynthesis in different ways based on elevated temperature duration, which could reduce subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sroisuda Chotimanukul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-(0)819794552
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Guadagnin A, Fehlberg L, Thomas B, Sugimoto Y, Shinzato I, Cardoso F. Effect of feeding rumen-protected lysine through the transition period on postpartum uterine health of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7805-7819. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Feng R, Qin X, Li Q, Olugbenga Adeniran S, Huang F, Li Y, Zhao Q, Zheng P. Progesterone regulates inflammation and receptivity of cells via the NF-κB and LIF/STAT3 pathways. Theriogenology 2022; 186:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Cui L, Shao X, Sun W, Zheng F, Dong J, Li J, Wang H, Li J. Anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone through NF-κB and MAPK pathway in lipopolysaccharide- or Escherichia coli-stimulated bovine endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266144. [PMID: 35476705 PMCID: PMC9045630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infection in dairy cows is commonly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Progesterone elicits immunosuppressive function within bovine endometrium, and has been suggested to be related to postpartum uterine infection. Endometrial stroma is exposed to bacteria due to the disruption of epithelium during parturition, but the effect and mechanism of progesterone on innate immune response of stromal cells has not been reported. This study evaluated the impact of progesterone on inflammatory response of primary endometrial stromal cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed E. coli. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that progesterone repressed mRNA induction of IL1B, IL6, TNF, CXCL8, NOS2, and PTGS2 in stromal cells in response to lipopolysaccharide or E. coli challenge. Consistently, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining results showed that progesterone suppressed lipopolysaccharide- or E. coli-induced MAPK and NF-κB activations characterized with decreased phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK, P38, IκBα, and P65, and inhibition of P65 nuclear translocation. In unstimulated stromal cells, progesterone alone did not affect the mRNA transcription for IL6, TNF, CXCL8, NOS2, and PTGS2, and the signaling cascade of MAPK and NF-κB, but decreased IL1B mRNA expression. These results revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of progesterone in lipopolysaccharide- or E. coli-challenged endometrial stromal cells was probably mediated through MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenye Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fangling Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JL)
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JL)
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7
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Bertolo PHL, Moutinho da Conceição MEBA, Emboaba da Costa RRM, Jacintho APP, Cipriano RS, Moreira PRR, Ferreira MA, Machado GF, de Oliveira Vasconcelos R. Influence of serum progesterone levels on the inflammatory response of female dogs with visceral leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol 2022; 302:109658. [PMID: 35042095 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes to the mammary gland that occur in female dogs with visceral leishmaniosis and to correlate the findings with the parasite load, inflammatory cell profile in mammary tissue and serum progesterone levels. For this, 20 adult female dogs that were naturally infected with Leishmania infantum, not spayed, not pregnant and free from mammary tumors were used. They were divided into two groups: G1 (n = 9) with high serum progesterone levels and G2 (n = 11) with low serum progesterone levels. The parasite load and the immunophenotype of leukocytes infiltrated into the mammary tissue (CD3, CD4, CD8 and MCA874) were evaluated using the immunohistochemical technique. In the mammary gland, chronic inflammatory infiltrate was mainly found in G1, sometimes associated with granulomatous inflammation, higher parasite load and higher density of cells immunolabeled for CD3, CD4, CD8 and MCA874. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the parasite load and the immunolabeled leukocytes. The influence of the serum progesterone level in the mammary gland of infected female dogs can contribute to the maintenance of an immunosuppressive cell profile and favor the persistence of the parasite in this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Leal Bertolo
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Prudente Jacintho
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maricy Apparício Ferreira
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Fabrino Machado
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ruiz-García L, Arévalo I, Carcelén F, Pizarro J, Sandoval-Monzón R. Association between serum calcium levels and the presentation of postpartum endometritis in housed dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Oliveira Filho R, Cooke R, de Mello G, Pereira V, Vasconcelos J, Pohler K. The effect of subclinical endometritis on reproductive performance in postpartum Bos indicus multiparous beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 237:106928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nunes PP, Martins TDM, Leite AC, Silva EBM, da Paixão TA, Santos RL, Borges ÁM. Production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL8 by endometrium of crossbred heifers stimulated with various pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106736. [PMID: 33752096 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uterine bacterial infections are common during the post-partum period of dairy herds and, apparently, incidences in crossbred cattle are less than in Holsteins. The aims of this study were (I) to evaluate production of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine CXCL8 using endometrial explants from Bos indicus crossbred heifers at diestrous, stimulated by various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), and (II) assess production of these cytokines by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endometrial explants from heifers when samples were collected at different stages of estrous cycle. In the first experiment, endometrial explants from heifers at diestrous were stimulated by ten-fold serial dilutions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triacylated lipopeptide (PAM3) or peptidoglycan (PGN). In the second experiment, endometrial explants collected at different stages of the estrous cycle were treated with LPS. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL8 were quantified in supernatant. There was a marked (P < 0.05) production of IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL8 in response to LPS treatment. There was also production of IL-1β (P < 0.05) in response to PGN treatment. Explant samples collected at different stages of the estrous cycle responded to LPS treatment with production of IL-1β and IL-6, but with no differences (P > 0.05) between stages of estrous cycle. In conclusion, endometrial samples of crossbred Zebu-based heifers collected during diestrous produced IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL8 in response to LPS and IL-1β in response to PGN. The cytokine production in response to LPS, however, was not affected by the stage of the estrous cycle in Bos indicus crossbred heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Pimenta Nunes
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Telma da Mata Martins
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Leite
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beatriz Magalhães Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Álan Maia Borges
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Kumar D, Talluri TR, Selokar NL, Hyder I, Kues WA. Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1-29. [PMID: 33584977 PMCID: PMC7859985 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction, genetic engineering, treatment and conservation of these species, but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity, and modelling of human diseases. Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages, or lost their cellular potency; indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem (ES) cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals. This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species. However, the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging, and requires further refinements. Here, we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals, and discuss the potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Iqbal Hyder
- Department of Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Institute of Animal Health, Neustadt 31535, Germany
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12
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Navarrete F, Saravia F, Cisterna G, Rojas F, Silva PP, Rodríguez-Alvarez L, Rojas D, Cabezas J, Mançanares ACF, Castro FO. Assessment of the anti-inflammatory and engraftment potential of horse endometrial and adipose mesenchymal stem cells in an in vivo model of post breeding induced endometritis. Theriogenology 2020; 155:33-42. [PMID: 32622203 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Horse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are potential anti-inflammatory tools for post-breeding induced endometritis (PBIE). In this research MSCs isolated from the endometrium or subcutaneous fat of the same donors were infused iu into mares with PBIE for assessment of their anti-inflammatory action and engraftment. PBIE was induced in nine gynecologically healthy mares by iu infusion of 500 million dead sperm in saline. Inflammatory markers were analyzed in uterine lavages and biopsies immediately before (phase I) and 3 h after infusion of sperm (phase II). Measurements: polymorph nuclear cells (PMN), proteins IL-6 and TNFα (ELISA in the lavages) and immunostaining in biopsies, transcripts of IL-1α, 6, 8, 10, TNFα and COX2 (qPCR of pelleted lavages). At 24 h after sperm deposition (phase III), mares were instilled iu with 20 ml of saline containing 2 × 107 adipose MSCs (n = 3, group 1) or endometrial MSCs (n = 3, group 2). Cells were labeled previously with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA SE). A third group (n = 3) received 20 mL of sterile saline alone. After 48 h another biopsy/lavage were done and the same parameters analyzed. For engraftment, additional biopsies were taken at days 10 and 30 of sperm infusion and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Dead sperm in saline markedly increased PMNs counts, IL-6 and TNFα expression in the ELISA (p < 0.05) and immunostaining. In phase III a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) of PMN was found in all samples, including control mares. A decrease (p < 0.05) of IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by ELISA, in the groups that received MSC, but not in control group. In the aMSC-treated group, a significant decrease was found in the expression of (IL1α, p = 0.0003; IL-6 p 0.04; IL-8, p = 0.006, TNFα p = 0.004). Expression of IL-10 and COX2 remained unchanged (p = 0.08). In the mares that received eMSC, IL-6 and 8 decreased significantly (p = 0.01), IL-10 increased (p = 0.009), while TNFα, COX2 and IL1α did not significantly change their expression. In the engraftment experiment CFDA label was found sparingly in all the samples analyzed until day 30, mainly at the stromal compartment of the endometrium. No differences in the engraftment pattern was found among cell origins. We conclude that inoculation of MSCs significantly reduced inflammation independently of the origin of the cells and that cells perform limited engraftment detectable after one month of infusion. These findings can be of help for the design of new anti-inflammatory therapies of uterine diseases in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Gabriela Cisterna
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Fernanda Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Pedro Pablo Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | | | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
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13
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Pascottini OB, LeBlanc SJ. Modulation of immune function in the bovine uterus peripartum. Theriogenology 2020; 150:193-200. [PMID: 31987594 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a high risk of clinical or subclinical reproductive tract disease in the postpartum period in dairy cows. An integrated process of adaptive events should occur synchronously, including a robust but well-regulated immune response in the uterus. Failure of this process may result in reproductive tract inflammatory disease. Up to half of postpartum dairy cows are affected by metritis, purulent vaginal discharge (PVD), or subclinical endometritis. After parturition there is damage to the birth canal, the superficial layer of the endometrium is naturally wounded, and essentially all dairy cows have bacterial contamination in the uterus. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of inflammatory cell and the main line of defence against infection in the uterus. A prompt influx of neutrophils is associated with uterine health. Avoidance of clinical disease (metritis and PVD) depends in large part on how effective the immune response is at limiting the burden and effects of bacterial pathogens, while the occurrence of subclinical endometritis is more a function of avoiding excessive or persistent inflammation. Glucose supply, hypocalcemia, lipid mobilization from body fat, ketosis, and the flux of pro-inflammatory cytokines influence immune response and change rapidly and variably among individual cows. Effective but well-regulated inflammatory response will be favoured by best management practices for transition cows, but specific interventions to modulate immune response to prevent uterine disease remain developmental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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14
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Yamamoto N, Nishimura R, Gunji Y, Hishinuma M. Research of postpartum endometritis in Japanese Black cattle with cystic ovarian disease by vaginal mucus test and endometrial cytology. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:1-8. [PMID: 32175461 PMCID: PMC7059803 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-1-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between endometritis and cystic ovarian disease (COD) is still unclear in Japanese Black cattle. Endometritis is classified into clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SE). The objective of this study was to clarify the interaction between postpartum endometritis (CE and SE) and COD in Japanese Black cattle. Twenty-six suckled cows with COD (COD group) and 16 suckled cows with cyclical ovarian activity (CA group) were submitted for the experiment. Uterine conditions of cows were classified into three groups (normal, CE, and SE) with vaginal mucus test and endometrial cytology. The combined data of CE and SE were represented as data for total endometritis (EMT total). The prevalence of EMT total in the COD group (42.3 %, 11 / 26 ) was significantly higher than that of the CA group (12.5 %, 2 / 16 ). The mean percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN %) in the COD group was significantly higher than that of the CA group at 40-60 DPP (days postpartum). Compared to 61-295 DPP, the mean PMN % at 40-60 DPP was significantly higher in the COD group. The diameters of uterine horn and cervix did not differ among normal uterine condition, CE and SE in the COD group, and they did not differ between normal uterine condition and SE in the CA group. However, endometrial thickness during both 40-60 and 61-295 DPP were greater in the COD group than in the CA group. In conclusion, Japanese Black cattle with COD have a potential implication on endometritis at 40-60 DPP compared to the normal ovarian cycle. As a specific symptom was not observed by transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology is effective for diagnosis of SE in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- NOSAI Shimane, 105 Tonomachi, Matsue, Shimane 690-0887, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,current address: Meat Inspection Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, 1677-2 Senyama, Asayama town, Ooda, Shimane 699-2212, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Gunji
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,NOSAI Tottori, 271 Higachisono, Hokuei town, Tohaku district, Tottori 689-2202, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Hishinuma
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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15
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Zhang C, Wang L, Li T, Mao W, Liu B, Cao J. EP2/4 Receptors Promote the Synthesis of PGE 2 Increasing Tissue Damage in Bovine Endometrial Explants Induced by Escherichia coli. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:175-184. [PMID: 31732699 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine uterine is easily contaminated with bacteria during coitus or parturition. A previous study suggested that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoted Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue inflammatory damage via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). However, it remains unclear which PGE2 receptors regulate the proinflammatory effect of PGE2 In this study, we evaluated the effect of PGE2 and its mediated receptors on E. coli-infected endometrium explants isolated from the bovine uterus. The E. coli-infected bovine endometrial explants were cultured in vitro, and the study used EP2/4 receptor agonists to investigate the responses of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The expression of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and DAMPs was significantly increased after infection with E. coli; however, the high expression levels caused by E. coli were reduced following treatment with COX-2 and mPGES-1 inhibitors. In addition, the expression levels of COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, proinflammatory factors, and DAMPs were higher in treatment with EP2/4 receptor agonists in E. coli-infected endometrium explants, and their promotable effects were effectively blocked by EP2/4 receptor antagonists. These findings provide evidence that PGE2 may promote the progress of inflammation in endometrial explants infected with E. coli in bovines. Furthermore, EP2/4 may be involved in a positive feedback loop for COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and this may be responsible for the proinflammatory reaction of PGE2 in E. coli-infected uteri of bovines. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PGE2 promoted E. coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue damage via COX-2 and mPGES-1. However, this proinflammatory effect of PGE2 depends on which receptors are affected by PGE2, and this remains unclear. In this study, it was investigated that EP2 and EP4 may be involved in a positive feedback loop for COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and this may be responsible for the proinflammatory reaction of PGE2 in E. coli-infected uteri of bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), and Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture (C.Z., L.W., T.L., W.M., B.L., J.C.), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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16
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Rojas Canadas E, Herlihy MM, Kenneally J, Grant J, Kearney F, Lonergan P, Butler ST. Associations between postpartum fertility phenotypes and genetic traits in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1002-1015. [PMID: 31677840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between corpus luteum (CL) status, uterine health, body condition score (BCS), metabolic status, and parity at wk 3 and 7 postpartum in seasonal-calving, pasture-based, lactating dairy cows. The associations between those phenotypes and individual genetic traits were also evaluated. First- and second-parity spring-calving lactating dairy cows (n = 2,600) from 35 dairy farms in Ireland were enrolled. Farms were visited every 2 weeks; cows that were at wk 3 (range 14 to 27 DIM) and wk 7 (range 42 to 55 DIM) postpartum were examined. Body condition score was measured using a scale of 1 to 5 with 0.25 increments. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed at wk 3 and 7 postpartum to determine presence or absence of CL and ultrasound reproductive tract score. Blood samples were collected at each visit and the concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and fatty acids (FA) were analyzed by using enzymatic colorimetry. Cows were grouped into 3 BCS categories [low (≤2.5), target (≥2.75 and ≤3.25), and high (≥3.5)]; 2 CL status categories: (present or absent); 2 uterine health status (UHS) categories (normal and abnormal); and 3 metabolic status categories [good (high glucose, low fatty acids and BHB), poor (low glucose, high fatty acids and BHB), and moderate (all other combinations)]. Fisher's exact test was used to test associations between variables and was supplemented by logistic regression. We found associations between UHS (wk 3 and 7), BCS (wk 3 and 7), parity (wk 3 and 7) metabolic status (wk 3), and predicted transmitting ability for calving interval (PTA for CIV; wk 3) and CL status. Cows that had abnormal UHS, low BCS, primiparity, and poor metabolic status, and were in the quartile with the greatest PTA for CIV were less likely to have had CL present at wk 3 and 7 postpartum. We also found associations between CL status (wk 3 and 7), BCS (wk 3 and 7), parity (wk 3 and 7), and PTA for CIV (wk 3) and UHS. Cows that did not have a CL present had low BCS, primiparity, and that were in the quartile with greatest PTA for CIV, had a greater risk of abnormal UHS at wk 3 and 7 postpartum. We observed strong associations between CL status, UHS, BCS, metabolic status, parity, and individual genetic traits at wk 3 and 7 postpartum in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. Achieving target BCS and good metabolic status, and selecting cows based on PTA for CIV, are all expected to increase the likelihood of hastening the resumption of estrous cyclicity and enhancing uterine health during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rojas Canadas
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland, D04 N2E
| | - M M Herlihy
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - J Kenneally
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - J Grant
- Research Operations Group, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland, D15 DY05
| | - F Kearney
- Irish Cattle Breeding Association, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland, P72 X050
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland, D04 N2E
| | - S T Butler
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.
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17
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Gindri P, de Ávila Castro N, Mion B, Garziera Gasperin B, Catarelli Pegoraro LM, Alveiro Alvarado Rincón J, Diniz Vieira A, Pradieé J, Machado Pfeifer LF, Nunes Corrêa M, Schneider A. Intrafollicular lipopolysaccharide injection delays ovulation in cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106226. [PMID: 31785634 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of intra-follicular (i.f.) treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on follicular and luteal development in cows. There were 18 non-lactating cows assigned to two groups to address this aim: control group (n = 9), which received an i.f. injection of saline; and LPS group (n = 9), which received an i.f. injection of 1 μg of LPS per mL of follicular fluid. Cows were treated with an intravaginal P4 releasing device (IVD) and estradiol benzoate on D0. On D4 and D5 cows were treated with cloprostenol sodium and on D7 the IVD was removed. At 12 h after IVD removal, cows were administered the i.f. injection of LPS or saline. After administration of these treatments, follicular development was evaluated every 12 h until ovulation. The LPS treatment increased blood flow in pre-ovulatory follicles (P = 0.05). Follicle growth was reduced by LPS injection (P < 0.02) resulting a longer period to the time of ovulation for cows in the LPS than control group (P = 0.03). The percentage of cows having ovulations was less for the LPS than control group (P = 0.03). The diameter of the CL, CL blood flow and P4 concentrations 5 and 12 days after ovulation did not differ between groups (P> 0.05). In conclusion, intra-follicular treatment with LPS resulted in a decreased rate of follicle growth, delayed timing of ovulations and a lesser number of cows having ovulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Mion
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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18
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Kharayat NS, Sharma G C, Kumar GR, Bisht D, Chaudhary G, Singh SK, Das GK, Garg AK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Differential expression of endometrial toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with endometritis. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:261-269. [PMID: 31407222 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) and β-defensins expressed in the endometrium are part of the innate uterine defense mechanism (UDM). In the present study, transcriptional profile of TLRs (1-3, 6-8, 10, and) and β-defensins such as lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 4 (BNBD4) were studied. Bubaline genitalia were collected from abattoir and the endometrium was categorized into one of the following seven groups (n = 7/group) based on cyclicity and endometritis: follicular non-endometritis (FNE), luteal non-endometritis (LNE), follicular cytological endometritis (FCE), luteal cytological endometritis (LCE), follicular purulent endometritis (FPE), luteal purulent endometritis (LPE) and acyclic non-endometritis (ANE). Cytological endometritis (CE) was diagnosed by uterine cytology while purulent endometritis (PE) was diagnosed by the presence of purulent or mucopurulent exudate in the uterine lumen. Real time PCR was performed and the relative fold change was analysed. TLR1 and BNBD4 transcripts were not found in the buffalo endometrium. Of all the innate immune genes studied, upregulation of TLR and β-defensins was mostly contributed by the inflammatory status of endometrium. Further, there was a prominent upregulation of TAP in buffaloes with endometritis. However, no association could be found between the inflammatory status of the endometrium and phase of estrous cycle with respect to the expression of TLRs and β-defensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Singh Kharayat
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Chethan Sharma G
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Gandham Ravi Kumar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Deepika Bisht
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Gangaram Chaudhary
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Gautum Kumar Das
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Anil Kumar Garg
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
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19
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El-Rheem SMA, Ghallab RS, El-Sharkawy S. SAT, a New Approach in Understanding and Treatment of Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows. OPEN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019; 09:109-119. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2019.98010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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Effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin administration on day 8 post-partum on ovarian follicular development, uterine health and uterine involution in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2018; 123:54-61. [PMID: 30278259 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injection on day 8 postpartum on ovarian cyclicity, uterine health and uterine involution in lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows [n = 34, (21 primiparous and 13 multiparous)] were enrolled in the study. Animals were stratified by calving date, parity and BCS, and randomly assigned to either control (CON n = 18) or eCG treatments (n = 16). On day 8 ± 0.9 post-partum (pp), eCG treatment cows received a 2 ml i.m. injection (500 IU) of eCG and control treatment cows received a 2 ml i.m. injection of 0.9% sodium chloride. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound every second day from day 10 pp until ovulation or regression of the first follicle wave, and the diameter of the dominant follicle was recorded at each exam. Ultrasound exams were conducted on days 21, 28, 35 and 42 pp to measure the diameter of the cervix and the uterine horns. Vaginal discharge score (VDS) was recorded on a 1 to 5 scale on days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 pp. Endometrial cytology samples were collected on day 42 pp, and the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) determined. Milk samples were collected three times per week from day 14 pp until day 60 pp for P4 determination. Ovarian follicular development variables, ovarian function variables analysed and incidence of subclinical endometritis were not affected by treatment. There was a treatment by parity interaction for pp interval to commencement of luteal activity (P = 0.04) and number of luteal phases (P = 0.05), whereby eCG treatment caused an earlier pp commencement of luteal activity and a greater number of luteal phases in multiparous cows, but not in primiparous cows. A significant effect of treatment on uterine involution was observed (previously gravid horn: P = 0.03; previously non-gravid horn: P = 0.01) and uterine health status (P = 0.03), whereby eCG cows had smaller mean horn uterine diameter and lesser VDS than CON cows. In summary, parenteral administration of 500 IU eCG on day 8 post-partum did not affect resumption of ovarian cyclicity in all cows but did enhance uterine involution and VDS. In multiparous cows, eCG advanced commencement of luteal activity and increased the number of luteal phases.
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21
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Van Schyndel SJ, Bogado Pascottini O, LeBlanc SJ. Comparison of cow-side diagnostic techniques for subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2018; 120:117-122. [PMID: 30114545 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of cow-side diagnostic techniques exist for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SCE) in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to compare results of endometrial cytology from samples collected by cytobrush (CB) and low-volume lavage (LVL) and to assess leukocyte esterase (LE) test strips and Brix refractometry as surrogate cow-side tests for SCE. Two samples were consecutively collected from 248 Holstein cows between 29 and 35 days postpartum, using CB and LVL techniques. Each sample was analyzed using cytology with a cut-point of ≥5% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, LE strips using cut-points of ≥1 and ≥ 2, and a Brix refractometer. Each diagnostic technique was compared intra-sample using the respective cytology as a gold standard and inter-sample using CB samples as the referent. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC, ρc) for PMN% between CB and LVL was ρc = 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50 to 0.67] and the Kappa (κ) for agreement was κ = 0.35 [sensitivity (Se) = 0.88, specificity (Sp) = 0.45]. The optimal cut-point of LE ≥ 2 resulted in moderate agreement between CB and LVL samples, κ = 0.56 (Se = 0.89, Sp = 0.65). Agreement between LE and cytology using CB (κ = 0.49; Se = 0.89, Sp = 0.57) and LVL (κ = 0.44; Se = 0.77, Sp = 0.67) were similar. The correlation between Brix values from CB and LVL was ρc = 0.12 (CI -0.01 to 0.26). The correlation between CB cytology and Brix was ρc = 0.33 (CI 0.20 to 0.45) but ρc = -0.07 (CI -0.21 to 0.06) between LVL cytology and Brix. While LE strips with a cut-point of LE ≥ 2 had moderate agreement with cytology, Brix refractometry had poor performance for the diagnosis of SCE. Samples taken by CB and LVL produced comparable cow-side diagnostic results and either is a viable method for the diagnosis of SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Van Schyndel
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ont., N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ont., N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ont., N1G 2W1, Canada
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El-Malky OM, Mostafa TH, Abd El-Salaam AM, Ayyat MS. Effect of reproductive disorders on productivity and reproductive efficiency of dromedary she-camels in relation to cytokine concentration. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1079-1087. [PMID: 29423707 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of reproductive disorders on reproductive efficiency and milk production in relation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in dromedary she-camels. Total of 20 late pregnant Maghrabi she-camels, aging 6-9 years, weighing 420-550 kg, and between the second and third parities were divided into two groups. Animals in the first group (n = 12) showed normal reproductive status (G1) at parturition, while those in the second one (n = 8) were suffered from reproductive disorders after parturition (G2). Results showed that during pre-partum, red blood cells (RBCs) count decreased (P ≤ 0.05), while white blood cells (WBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) value, and neutrophils percentage increased (P ≤ 0.05) in G2 than in G1. Percentages of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils as well as hemoglobin concentration did not differ significantly (P ≥ 0.05) in G1 and G2. During postpartum period, the same results were noticed in addition to increase (P ≤ 0.05) in eosinophil and decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in basophils percentages. During prepartum period, concentration of total proteins, albumin (AL) and IGF-1decreased (P ≤ 0.05), cholesterol concentration, and activity of AST and ALT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in G2 than in G1. Globulin (GL), AL: GL ratio, glucose, urea-N, creatinine, and triglyceride concentrations did not differ significantly in G1 and G2. During postpartum period, the same results were noticed with decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in GL and glucose concentrations in G2 as compared to G1. Concentration of all pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ, was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in G2 than in G1 at different peri-parturient times. Milk yield, days in milk, protein and lactose percentages, and IgG concentration were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in G1 than in G2. Fat, total solids, solid non-fat, and ash percentages did not show any significant differences between both groups. Reproductive traits, including length of estrous cycle, duration of estrous period, number of services/conception, gestation period, days open, and conception rate, were higher (P < 0.05) in G1 than in G2. From the present study can be concluded that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a necessary test for the early diagnosis to prevent related disease in dromedary camels suffering from reproductive disorders. This study indicated strong relationship between hematological parameters and concentration of blood biochemicals and cytokines with reproductive efficiency in camels, which may be helpful in elucidating the adverse effects associated with reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M El-Malky
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - T H Mostafa
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - A M Abd El-Salaam
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M S Ayyat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Risk factors associated with cytological endometritis diagnosed at artificial insemination in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 92:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Effectiveness of intrauterine treatment with cephapirin in dairy cows with purulent vaginal discharge. Theriogenology 2017; 89:305-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Polejaeva IA, Rutigliano HM, Wells KD. Livestock in biomedical research: history, current status and future prospective. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:112-24. [PMID: 27062879 DOI: 10.1071/rd15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock models have contributed significantly to biomedical and surgical advances. Their contribution is particularly prominent in the areas of physiology and assisted reproductive technologies, including understanding developmental processes and disorders, from ancient to modern times. Over the past 25 years, biomedical research that traditionally embraced a diverse species approach shifted to a small number of model species (e.g. mice and rats). The initial reasons for focusing the main efforts on the mouse were the availability of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and genome sequence data. This powerful combination allowed for precise manipulation of the mouse genome (knockouts, knockins, transcriptional switches etc.) leading to ground-breaking discoveries on gene functions and regulation, and their role in health and disease. Despite the enormous contribution to biomedical research, mouse models have some major limitations. Their substantial differences compared with humans in body and organ size, lifespan and inbreeding result in pronounced metabolic, physiological and behavioural differences. Comparative studies of strategically chosen domestic species can complement mouse research and yield more rigorous findings. Because genome sequence and gene manipulation tools are now available for farm animals (cattle, pigs, sheep and goats), a larger number of livestock genetically engineered (GE) models will be accessible for biomedical research. This paper discusses the use of cattle, goats, sheep and pigs in biomedical research, provides an overview of transgenic technology in farm animals and highlights some of the beneficial characteristics of large animal models of human disease compared with the mouse. In addition, status and origin of current regulation of GE biomedical models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Heloisa M Rutigliano
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Bogado Pascottini O, Hostens M, Sys P, Vercauteren P, Opsomer G. Cytological endometritis at artificial insemination in dairy cows: Prevalence and effect on pregnancy outcome. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:588-597. [PMID: 27865501 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of our field study in dairy cows were (1) to consolidate cytotape (CT) as a valid technique to diagnose cytological endometritis (CYTO) during artificial insemination (AI); (2) to establish a cutoff point concerning the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) proportion to diagnose CYTO at AI; (3) to assess the prevalence of CYTO at AI; and (4) to evaluate the effect of CYTO on the pregnancy outcome of that AI. The investigation was performed using 1,625 AI-CT samples harvested from 873 Holstein-Friesian cows from 18 dairy farms in the Flemish region of Belgium. The CT device consisted of adapting a 1.5-cm piece of paper tape on the top of a conventional AI catheter covered with a double guard sheet, allowing an endometrial cytology sample to be taken when performing an AI. A receiving operator characteristic curve was built to assess the threshold level above which the PMN proportion significantly affected the AI success. Multilevel generalized mixed-effect models were built to identify factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of the AI under investigation. Only 7 samples (0.4%) harvested in 5 cows were discarded because of low-quality parameters. The cutoff point for CYTO at AI was set at ≥1% PMN (sensitivity=33.8%, specificity=88.6%). Prevalence of CYTO at AI was 27.8%. The conception rate for CYTO-positive samples was 32.7%, whereas it was 47% for CYTO-negative samples. A CYTO-negative AI had 1.8 [odds ratio (OR)] more chances to become pregnant than a CYTO-positive one. Other factors identified as detrimental for the pregnancy outcome were body condition score ≤1.5 (OR=0.6), relative 305-d milk yield (OR=0.9), dystocia (OR=0.3), parity ≥2 (OR=0.7), and warm months of the year. In conclusion, CT is a consolidated technique to diagnose CYTO at AI, PMN 1% is the threshold level to diagnose CYTO at AI, around one-quarter of inseminated uteri suffer from CYTO, and affected uteri having a significantly lower chance to become pregnant from that insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - P Sys
- CRV Holding BV, Van Thorenburghlaan 14, Oosterzele 9860, Belgium
| | - P Vercauteren
- CRV Holding BV, Van Thorenburghlaan 14, Oosterzele 9860, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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da Silva VH, Regitano LCDA, Geistlinger L, Pértille F, Giachetto PF, Brassaloti RA, Morosini NS, Zimmer R, Coutinho LL. Genome-Wide Detection of CNVs and Their Association with Meat Tenderness in Nelore Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157711. [PMID: 27348523 PMCID: PMC4922624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the largest beef producers and exporters in the world with the Nelore breed representing the vast majority of Brazilian cattle (Bos taurus indicus). Despite the great adaptability of the Nelore breed to tropical climate, meat tenderness (MT) remains to be improved. Several factors including genetic composition can influence MT. In this article, we report a genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) inferred from Illumina® High Density SNP-chip data for a Nelore population of 723 males. We detected >2,600 CNV regions (CNVRs) representing ≈6.5% of the genome. Comparing our results with previous studies revealed an overlap in ≈1400 CNVRs (>50%). A total of 1,155 CNVRs (43.6%) overlapped 2,750 genes. They were enriched for processes involving guanosine triphosphate (GTP), previously reported to influence skeletal muscle physiology and morphology. Nelore CNVRs also overlapped QTLs for MT reported in other breeds (8.9%, 236 CNVRs) and from a previous study with this population (4.1%, 109 CNVRs). Two CNVRs were also proximal to glutathione metabolism genes that were previously associated with MT. Genome-wide association study of CN state with estimated breeding values derived from meat shear force identified 6 regions, including a region on BTA3 that contains genes of the cAMP and cGMP pathway. Ten CNVRs that overlapped regions associated with MT were successfully validated by qPCR. Our results represent the first comprehensive CNV study in Bos taurus indicus cattle and identify regions in which copy number changes are potentially of importance for the MT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Henrique da Silva
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLC); (VHS)
| | | | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Amalienstrasse 17, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Fábio Pértille
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Brassaloti
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Morosini
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Amalienstrasse 17, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Science Department, University of São Paulo (USP)/Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLC); (VHS)
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Bogado Pascottini O, Hostens M, Dini P, Vandepitte J, Ducatelle R, Opsomer G. Comparison between cytology and histopathology to evaluate subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1550-1556. [PMID: 27341773 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare endometrial cytology with histopathology to diagnose subclinical endometritis (SCE) in dairy cows. Endometrial cytology samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 32) just before slaughtering. Half of them were obtained by in vivo cytobrush (IV-CB), whereas the other half by in vivo low-volume lavage (IV-LVL). After slaughtering, reproductive tracts were collected, and the endometrium was sampled at eight locations. At each location, both a ex vivo cytobrush sample (EV-CB) and a tissue sample for histopathologic examination were taken. In the histopathology slides, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts were differentiated as PMN cells in direct contact with the epithelial cells of the endometrium (PMN-EP), and PMN cells present in the deeper stratum compactum (PMN-SC). Summation of both countings was referred to as PMN-total. Pearson's correlation and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to assess the correlation and agreement between both sampling methods (in vivo cytology [IV-CB and IV-LVL] with EV-CB and PMN-total). A Poisson mixed effect model was used to analyze the PMN cells' distribution. The prevalence of SCE was 18.75% (n = 6/32) for in vivo cytology. The SCE prevalence based on EV-CB analyses and on the assessment of PMN-total was determined both at the sample (n = 256) as well as at the cow level (n = 32): EV-CB 25% (n = 64/256) and 35.5% (n = 12/32), and PMN-total 37.11% (n = 95/256) and 59.38% (n = 19/32). Correlation and agreement between IV-CB and EV-CB were r = 0.81 and k = 0.97, whereas between IV-CB and PMN-total r = 0.15 and k = 0.23, respectively. In vivo low-volume lavage correlation and agreement were r = 0.52 and k = 0.66 with EV-CB, and r = 0.45 and k = 0.44 with PMN-total. Moreover, correlation and agreement between EV-CB and PMN-total were r = 0.60 and k = 0.50, respectively. More PMN cells (P < 0.05) were detected in PMN-SC when compared to PMN-EP and EV-CB. A higher SCE prevalence was found using histopathology, rendering the latter as a more sensitive method to diagnose SCE in comparison to in vivo and ex vivo cytology. Although cytology had low and/or moderate sensitivity to diagnose SCE when compared with histopathology, its specificity is 100%, implying that all cows that were indicated to suffer from SCE using in vivo cytology were confirmed to do so by histopathologic examination. There is an uneven distribution of PMN cells throughout the endometrium, generally more PMN cells being found in the deeper stratum compactum than in contact with the superficial layers of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Miel Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jan Vandepitte
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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29
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Martins T, Santos R, Paixão T, Mol J, Muniz C, Borges Á. Modelo experimental de endometrite em vacas inoculadas com Escherichia coli inativada por meio de infusão uterina. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Kasimanickam R, Kasimanickam V, Kastelic JP. Mucin 1 and cytokines mRNA in endometrium of dairy cows with postpartum uterine disease or repeat breeding. Theriogenology 2014; 81:952-958.e2. [PMID: 24576715 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucin (MUC) 1 is an inducible innate immune effector, an important component of defense against bacterial invasion, and is linked with infertility in humans. The objectives were to evaluate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of MUC1 and cytokine genes in the endometrium of cows with various postpartum uterine inflammatory conditions or with a history of repeat breeding. Endometrial samples were collected from lactating dairy cows diagnosed with metritis (n = 4), endometritis (n = 4), subclinical endometritis (n = 4), or no uterine pathology (normal; n = 4). In addition, endometrial samples were collected from repeat breeder cows with (n = 4) or without (n = 4) subclinical endometritis, and unaffected cows (n = 4). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA abundances of MUC1, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, and IGF-binding protein (BP) 2. The mRNA expressions were significantly greater for cows with metritis and clinical endometritis compared with cows with no uterine inflammation, except for IL6. However, mRNA expressions for these target genes were not different for cows with subclinical endometritis, compared with cows without uterine inflammation, except for IL1β and TNFα mRNA (P < 0.01). All mRNA expressions were greater (P < 0.001) for repeat breeder cows with subclinical endometritis compared with normal cows. However, in repeat breeder cows without subclinical endometritis, only expressions of MUC1, IGF1, and IGF BP2 were greater compared with normal cows (P < 0.01). Based on functional protein networks, there were significant associations between these transcripts. In conclusion, endometrial expressions of MUC1 and cytokine genes differed among normal, fertile versus diseased, and subfertile dairy cows. Perhaps, these altered gene expressions contribute to endometrial insufficiency and consequently pregnancy wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - V Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - J P Kastelic
- Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Meira EBS, Rossi RS, Teixeira AG, Kaçar C, Oikonomou G, Gregory L, Bicalho RC. The effect of prepartum intravaginal bacteriophage administration on the incidence of retained placenta and metritis. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7658-65. [PMID: 24119800 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prepartum intravaginal administration of an anti-Escherichia coli bacteriophage cocktail on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. The study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York, from March to September 2012, and 107 cows were enrolled. The cows were divided randomly into 2 groups (treatment and control); treatment group cows were submitted to 3 intravaginal administrations of 20 mL of a bacteriophage cocktail including 10 different phages in a lysate with titration of approximately 10(9) plaque-forming units, on d 230, 260, and 275 of gestation. Control cows were not treated with a placebo, and physical examination and sample collection was conducted equally for both groups. Vaginal swabs were collected at d 230, 260, and 275 d of gestation, cervical swabs were collected at 3±1 d in milk, and blood was collected at 275 d of gestation for nonesterified fatty acids and interleukin (IL)-6 serum level measurements and at 10 DIM for β-hydroxybutyrate and IL-6 serum level measurements. The bacteriophage cocktail significantly increased the incidence of retained placenta and metritis. Swab samples were cultured for E. coli and no difference was found between treatment and control groups. The lysate contained 6×10(9) IU of lipopolysaccharide/mL and could have caused prepartum overstimulation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-chemokine pathway, leading to a weaker immune response. However, IL-6 was not affected by treatment, although sample size was insufficient to prove a treatment effect on the suppression of the chemokine cascade and innate immune system. Bacteriophage treatment had an excellent bactericidal effect in previous in vitro trials; however, special attention must be given to production of the cocktail to obtain a purified solution free of E. coli bacterial products and fragments, particularly lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B S Meira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Vojgani M, Akbarinejad V, Niasari-Naslaji A. Administration of eCG on Day 6 postpartum could enhance reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:159-62. [PMID: 23562450 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Injection of eCG on Day 6 postpartum could enhance early resumption of ovarian activity in Holstein dairy cows. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of eCG treatment on Day 6 postpartum on reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows (n=420) were randomly assigned to two groups. Cows in eCG-treated group (n=220) received an intramuscular injection of eCG (500IU Folligon®) on Day 6 postpartum, while cows in the Control group (n=200) received no treatment. Estrus expression was observed thrice daily, and AI was carried out 12 hours after standing estrus. Data were analyzed using GLM and Genmod procedures, and survival analysis. Days to first service decreased in the eCG-treated (74.4±1.76 days) compared to the Control (84.2±2.79 days) group (P=0.008). Calving to conception interval was shorter in eCG-treated (103.9±3.14 days) vs Control (130.3±5.70 days) group (P=0.0006). Cows treated with eCG were inseminated and conceived earlier than untreated cows (P<0.05). In conclusion, injection of eCG on Day 6 postpartum improved reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vojgani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Experimental animals in biomedical research provide insights into disease mechanisms and models for determining the efficacy and safety of new therapies and for discovery of corresponding biomarkers. Although mouse and rat models are most widely used, observations in these species cannot always be faithfully extrapolated to human patients. Thus, a number of domestic species are additionally used in specific disease areas. This review summarizes the most important applications of domestic animal models and emphasizes the new possibilities genetic tailoring of disease models, specifically in pigs, provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bähr
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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34
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Endometrial epithelial cells are potent producers of tracheal antimicrobial peptide and serum amyloid A3 gene expression in response to E. coli stimulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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35
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Petro E, Leroy J, Van Cruchten S, Covaci A, Jorssen E, Bols P. Endocrine disruptors and female fertility: Focus on (bovine) ovarian follicular physiology. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1887-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Ghasemi F, Gonzalez-Cano P, Griebel P, Palmer C. Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cytobrush samples harvested from cows with and without subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1538-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Characterization of the innate immune response in goats after intrauterine infusion of E. coli using histopathological, cytologic and molecular analyses. Theriogenology 2012; 78:593-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chotimanukul S, Sirivaidyapong S. Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in healthy and infected canine endometrium. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1152-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Immunity to infections in the lower genital tract of bulls. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:55-61. [PMID: 21474188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the bovine prepuce has unique immunological characteristics critical to defense against sexually transmitted diseases. Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis persistently colonize the lower genital tract of bulls but usually do not cause either major clinical signs or inflammation. These microbes may be sexually transmitted to female cattle to cause reproductive failure. Although the male genital immune responses to T. foetus and C. fetus subspecies venerealis are inefficient in clearing infection, systemic immunization with T. foetus and C. fetus subspecies venerealis antigens does prevent or eliminate these infections with induction of IgG antibodies in genital secretions and serum.
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Petro EML, Covaci A, Leroy JLMR, Dirtu AC, De Coen W, Bols PEJ. Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds in tissues and body fluids of Belgian dairy cows and its implications for the use of the cow as a model to study endocrine disruption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:5423-5428. [PMID: 20709361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows has dropped severely throughout the last decades. It has already been suggested that the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment could be one of the reasons for this declining fertility. Reliable data concerning tissue and body fluid concentrations of these chemicals are thus crucial, but currently only scarcely available. Therefore, we selected dairy cows (≥6years) from diverse locations in Belgium and analysed tissues (liver, adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and ovaria) and body fluids (serum, follicular fluid, and milk) for their content of potential EDCs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Furthermore, we collected milk and serum samples from high producing dairy cows 2-3weeks post-partum to verify if the massive lipolysis required to sustain milk production is accompanied with an increase in EDC concentrations in milk and serum. Overall, contamination was very low (median sum PCBs liver: 11.7ngg(-1) lw), with follicular fluid samples showing no detectable contamination. CB 153 was present in each tissue sample. Strong correlations could be found between EDCs in the same tissue. The increased PCB concentrations observed in milk samples from high producing dairy cows could indicate that massive lipolysis can play a role in liberating and thereby increasing EDC concentrations in milk. Because concentrations of the most prevalent EDCs in dairy cow tissues and body fluids are very low, exposure to EDCs can hardly be considered as a major cause of declining fertility in high producing dairy cows in Belgium. As a result of this low contamination and the similarities between the female bovine and human reproductive physiology, in vitro studies based on Belgian dairy cow ovarian follicles can be considered as a valuable model to study the effects of EDCs on human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi M L Petro
- Gamete Research Center, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Christoffersen M, Mette C, Baagoe CD, Camilla Dooleweerdt B, Jacobsen S, Stine J, Bojesen AM, Anders Miki B, Petersen MR, Morten Roenn P, Lehn-Jensen H, Henrik LJ. Evaluation of the systemic acute phase response and endometrial gene expression of serum amyloid A and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 138:95-105. [PMID: 20728224 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious infertility in the mare is clinically well described, little is however known about the systemic acute phase reaction (APR) and local immunological responses accompanying equine endometritis. The aim of this study was to monitor selected markers of the APR in the systemic circulation and to correlate them to the local innate immune response in the uterus during infectious endometritis. Six adult standard bred mares received an intrauterine infusion of 10(9)CFU Escherichia coli. Blood samples were obtained before (0 h) and 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post inoculation (pi), and endometrial biopsies were sampled before, and 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h pi. The infectious endometritis elicited a systemic APR with significantly increased concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. Relative gene expression analyses were performed on extracted RNA from endometrial biopsies using quantitative real-time PCR and specific primers for SAA and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Expression of SAA was significantly up-regulated at 3 and 12h pi, and a significant up-regulated expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-10 was observed at 3h pi. Plasma concentration of SAA was significantly correlated to endometrial SAA expression. The results of the present study demonstrate that endometritis gives rise to a systemic APR and an up-regulated endometrial gene expression of SAA and several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding endometrial expression of acute phase proteins and selected cytokines contributing to uterine immunity in equine endometritis could improve understanding of events leading to infertility in the mare and help identify candidate genes of mediators/markers for diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Christoffersen
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 68, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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42
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Evaluating the effectiveness of different treatments of uterine infections in female camels (Camelus dromedarius). Theriogenology 2010; 74:40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Satterfield MC, Song G, Kochan KJ, Riggs PK, Simmons RM, Elsik CG, Adelson DL, Bazer FW, Zhou H, Spencer TE. Discovery of candidate genes and pathways in the endometrium regulating ovine blastocyst growth and conceptus elongation. Physiol Genomics 2009; 39:85-99. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00001.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of pregnancy in ruminants requires blastocyst growth to form an elongated conceptus that produces interferon tau, the pregnancy recognition signal, and initiates implantation. Blastocyst growth and development requires secretions from the uterine endometrium. An early increase in circulating concentrations of progesterone (P4) stimulates blastocyst growth and elongation in ruminants. This study utilized sheep as a model to identify candidate genes and regulatory networks in the endometrium that govern preimplantation blastocyst growth and development. Ewes were treated daily with either P4 or corn oil vehicle from day 1.5 after mating to either day 9 or day 12 of pregnancy when endometrium was obtained by hysterectomy. Microarray analyses revealed many differentially expressed genes in the endometria affected by day of pregnancy and early P4 treatment. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that many differentially expressed genes were expressed in a cell-specific manner within the endometrium. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to identify functional groups of genes and biological processes in the endometrium that are associated with growth and development of preimplantation blastocysts. Notably, biological processes affected by day of pregnancy and/or early P4 treatment included lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, angiogenesis, transport, extracellular space, defense and inflammatory response, proteolysis, amino acid transport and metabolism, and hormone metabolism. This transcriptomic data provides novel insights into the biology of endometrial function and preimplantation blastocyst growth and development in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kelli J. Kochan
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Penny K. Riggs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rebecca M. Simmons
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Christine G. Elsik
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David L. Adelson
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Genetics, University of Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Islam MA, Khatun MM, Baek BK, Lee I. Effects of Brucella abortus biotype 1 infection on the reproductive performance of Sprague-Dawley rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:353-9. [PMID: 19579969 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.353.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Brucella abortus biotype 1 infection on the reproductive performance using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Virgin female SD rats (n = 24) were infected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of saline containing 1 x 10(11) Colony Forming Unit (CFU) of pathogenic B. abortus biotype 1 Korean bovine isolate. Control rats (n = 24) were inoculated with 0.1 mL of apyrogenic saline. Both inoculated and control rats were divided into six subgroups. Four rats in each subgroup were consistently bred at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days after infection. B. abortus infection induced 41.67% infertility in the infected rats. The mean number of offspring/litter was 8.71 +/- 2.01 for infected rats and 12.87 +/- 1.42 for control rats (p < 0.001). The mean weight of the viable offspring was 6.10 +/- 0.36 g for infected rats and 7.15 +/- 0.40 g for control rats (p < 0.001). The rate of stillbirth was 12.30% in the infected rats. B. abortus biotype 1 was isolated from the uteri of the infected rats. The data of this study indicate that B. abortus biotype 1 infections in SD rat model affect reproduction adversely by causing infertility, stillbirth and loss of number and weight of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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45
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Williams EJ, Sibley K, Miller AN, Lane EA, Fishwick J, Nash DM, Herath S, England GCW, Dobson H, Sheldon IM. The effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor alpha on ovarian function. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 60:462-73. [PMID: 19238751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Pelvic inflammatory disease and metritis are important causes of infertility in humans and domestic animals. Uterine infection with Escherichia coli in cattle is associated with reduced ovarian follicle growth and decreased estradiol secretion. We hypothesized that this effect could be mediated by the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). METHOD OF STUDY In vitro, bovine ovarian theca and granulosa cells were treated with LPS or TNFalpha and steroid secretion measured. In vivo, the effect of LPS or TNFalpha intrauterine infusion was determined by ovarian ultrasonography and measurement of hormones in cattle. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide reduced granulosa cell estradiol secretion, whilst TNFalpha decreased theca and granulosa cell androstenedione and estradiol production, respectively. In vivo, fewer animals ovulated following intrauterine infusion with LPS or TNFalpha. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide and TNFalpha suppress ovarian cell function, supporting the concept that pelvic inflammatory disease and metritis are detrimental for bovine ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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46
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Postpartum anestrus in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2009; 71:1333-42. [PMID: 19282023 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fertility of the postpartum period is negatively influenced by the incidence of anestrus. The latter condition is characterized by the absence of estrous behavior, which may be an indication of suboptimal conditions (e.g., inadequate peripartum nutrition) or pathologic conditions (e.g., chronic debilitating diseases or uterine and ovarian diseases). Although initiation of ovarian follicular growth in the postpartum period is generally not affected, subsequent development (deviation) and the fate of the dominant follicle are the primary factors that affect reestablishment of ovarian cyclicity. Anestrus can be classified based on the three functional states of follicular development; that is, follicle emergence, deviation, and ovulation. Prevention of anestrus is preferable to treatment and can be achieved in part by maintaining a healthy periparturient period. To better understand the etiology of anestrus and its prevention, research is urgently needed in the following three areas: the role of peripartum disease conditions that influence reproduction, genes involved in ovulation, and the influence of proteins (e.g., leptin) that appear to be important links between metabolic signals and the neuroendocrine axis.
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47
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Chapwanya A, Meade KG, Doherty ML, Callanan JJ, Mee JF, O'Farrelly C. Histopathological and molecular evaluation of Holstein-Friesian cows postpartum: toward an improved understanding of uterine innate immunity. Theriogenology 2009; 71:1396-407. [PMID: 19233457 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine uterine disease reduces milk yield, impairs fertility and has implications for animal welfare. During involution, the uterus is usually exposed to multiple potential bacterial pathogens which are cleared by successful orchestration of the local inflammatory response. Unsuccessful resolution leads to the development of disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the local innate immune response in the uterus during physiological involution using histopathological and molecular analyses in 9 cows, 2 weeks after calving (early postpartum, EPP), and 4 cows, 9 weeks after calving (late postpartum, LPP). Uterine biopsies taken from each cow were classified by histopathology, and RNA was extracted for molecular analysis. Two EPP cows were classified with a mild, 5 with a moderate and 2 with a severe inflammatory response. Relative gene expression analysis was then performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and specific primers for genes encoding Toll-like receptors (TLRs), chemokines, cytokines, acute phase proteins (APPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). TLR4, transcription factor NFKB1 and the inflammatory cytokines IFNG, IL1A, IL6, IL8, IL12A were all significantly increased in EPP cows (P<0.05). Increase in HP, SAA3, TAP and DEFB5 genes was particularly marked in cows with severe inflammation. These results reveal evidence of an inflammatory uterine environment in the early postpartum period with significant induction of both AMP and APP genes. Histopathological grades in EPP cows are underpinned by quantitative changes in gene expression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms contributing to uterine immunity in the early postpartum period may identify candidate genes associated with the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspinas Chapwanya
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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48
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Davies D, Meade KG, Herath S, Eckersall PD, Gonzalez D, White JO, Conlan RS, O'Farrelly C, Sheldon IM. Toll-like receptor and antimicrobial peptide expression in the bovine endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:53. [PMID: 19017375 PMCID: PMC2627908 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endometrium is commonly infected with bacteria leading to severe disease of the uterus in cattle and humans. The endometrial epithelium is the first line of defence for this mucosal surface against bacteria and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical component of the innate immune system for detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Antimicrobial peptides, acute phase proteins and Mucin-1 (MUC-1) also provide non-specific defences against microbes on mucosal surfaces. The present study examined the expression of innate immune defences in the bovine endometrium and tested the hypothesis that endometrial epithelial cells express functional receptors of the TLR family and the non-specific effector molecules for defence against bacteria. METHODS Bovine endometrial tissue and purified populations of primary epithelial and stromal cells were examined using RT-PCR for gene expression of TLRs, antimicrobial peptides and MUC-1. Functional responses were tested by evaluating the secretion of prostaglandin E(2) and acute phase proteins when cells were treated with bacterial PAMPs such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins. RESULTS The endometrium expressed TLRs 1 to 10, whilst purified populations of epithelial cells expressed TLRs 1 to 7 and 9, and stromal cells expressed TLRs 1 to 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10. The TLRs appear to be functional as epithelial cells secreted prostaglandin E(2) in response to bacterial PAMPs. In addition, the epithelial cells expressed antimicrobial peptides, such as Tracheal and Lingual Antimicrobial Peptides (TAP and LAP) and MUC-1, which were upregulated when the cells were treated with LPS. However, the epithelial cells did not express appreciable amounts of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin or serum amyloid A. CONCLUSION Epithelial cells have an essential role in the orchestration of innate immune defence of the bovine endometrium and are likely to be the key to prevention of endometrial infection with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Davies
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shan Herath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John O White
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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49
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Sheldon IM, Williams EJ, Miller ANA, Nash DM, Herath S. Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition. Vet J 2008; 176:115-21. [PMID: 18329302 PMCID: PMC2706386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen is common in cattle after parturition, often leading to infection and uterine disease. Clinical disease can be diagnosed and scored by examination of the vaginal mucus, which reflects the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Viruses may also cause uterine disease and bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is tropic for endometrial cells, causing a rapid cytopathic effect. The elimination of pathogens by the innate immune system is dependent on pattern recognition receptors binding pathogen-associated molecules. Uterine epithelial and stromal cells express receptors such as Toll-like Receptor 4 that binds E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The infertility associated with uterine disease is caused by damage to the endometrium and disruption of ovarian cyclic activity. Bacteria modulate endometrial prostaglandin secretion, and perturb ovarian follicle growth and function. Understanding the molecular basis of uterine disease will lead to novel approaches to treating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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50
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Azawi OI. Postpartum uterine infection in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 105:187-208. [PMID: 18280065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections results from uterine contamination with bacteria during parturition. The prevalence of uterine infections varies considerably among studies. Uterine infection implies adherence of pathogenic organisms to the mucosa, colonization or penetration of the epithelium, and/or release of bacterial toxins that lead to establishment of uterine disease. The development of uterine disease depends on the immune response of the cow, as well as the species and number (load or challenge) of bacteria. The postpartum uterus has a disrupted surface epithelium in contact with fluid and tissue debris that can support bacterial growth. A variety of species of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, can be isolated from the early postpartum uterus. Most of these are environmental contaminants that are gradually eliminated during the first 6 weeks postpartum. A normal postpartum cow resolves uterine infection by rapid involution of the uterus and cervix, discharge of uterine content, and mobilization of natural host defenses, including mucus, antibodies and phagocytic cells. Clinical signs of uterine infection vary with the virulence of the causative organisms and the presence of factors that predispose to the disease. The treatment of endometritis and metritis in bovine should be directed towards improving fertility. The antibiotic should be active against the main uterine pathogens and should maintain its activity in the environment of the uterus. Also, should not inhibit the normal defense mechanisms and should be well tolerated and not induce irritation in the endometrium. Effective use of hormones in uterine infection requires knowledge of both normal reproductive endocrinology and the therapeutic characteristics of available hormonal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Azawi
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
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