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Zambuto SG, Theriault H, Jain I, Crosby CO, Pintescu I, Chiou N, Oyen ML, Zoldan J, Underhill GH, Harley BAC, Clancy KBH. Endometrial decidualization status modulates endometrial microvascular complexity and trophoblast outgrowth in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels. NPJ WOMEN'S HEALTH 2024; 2:22. [PMID: 39036057 PMCID: PMC11259096 DOI: 10.1038/s44294-024-00020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes rapid cycles of vascular growth, remodeling, and breakdown during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Decidualization is an endometrial differentiation process driven by steroidal sex hormones that is critical for blastocyst-uterine interfacing and blastocyst implantation. Certain pregnancy disorders may be linked to decidualization processes. However, much remains unknown regarding the role of decidualization and reciprocal trophoblast-endometrial interactions on endometrial angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion. Here, we report an engineered endometrial microvascular network embedded in gelatin hydrogels that displays morphological and functional patterns of decidualization. Vessel complexity and biomolecule secretion are sensitive to decidualization and affect trophoblast motility, but that signaling between endometrial and trophoblast cells was not bi-directional. Although endometrial microvascular network decidualization status influences trophoblast cells, trophoblast cells did not induce structural changes in the endometrial microvascular networks. These findings add to a growing literature that the endometrium has biological agency at the uterine-trophoblast interface during implantation. Finally, we form a stratified endometrial tri-culture model, combining engineered microvascular networks with epithelial cells. These endometrial microvascular networks provide a well-characterized platform to investigate dynamic changes in angiogenesis in response to pathological and physiological endometrial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah Theriault
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ishita Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Cody O. Crosby
- Department of Physics, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ioana Pintescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Noah Chiou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michelle L. Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn B. H. Clancy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Kallak TK, Serapio S, Visser N, Lager S, Skalkidou A, Ahlsson F. Differential gene expression in two consecutive pregnancies between same sex siblings and implications on maternal constraint. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4210. [PMID: 38378837 PMCID: PMC10879170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how placental gene expression differs in two consecutive pregnancies in same sex siblings, and its possible association with the "maternal constraint" hypothesis. Material was gathered from the BASIC study (Biological, Affect, Stress, Imaging, and Cognition in Pregnancy and the Puerperium), a population based prospective study that was started in 2009 in Uppsala. Over 900 specimens of placenta biopsies were collected and out of these 10 women gave birth twice, to the same sex child, and were included in this study. The total RNA was isolated and prepared from frozen villous tissue from the placenta and further analyzed by use of Ion AmpliSeq Human Transcriptome Gene Expression kit. A total of 234 genes differed significantly between the first and second pregnancy placentas, when adjusting for delivery mode, maternal BMI and gestational age. Of special interest was the down-regulated group of genes in the second pregnancy. Exemplified by Pentraxin 3, SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9, and Serum Amyloid A1, which all were associated with biological processes involved in the immune system and inflammation. Further, protein-protein interaction analysis visualized them as hub genes interacting with several of the other differentially expressed genes. How these altered gene expressions affect maternal constraint during pregnancy needs further validation in lager study cohorts and also future validation in functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solveig Serapio
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadja Visser
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lager
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ahlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Qiu L, Li J, Bai H, Wang L, Zeng Q, Wu S, Li P, Mu L, Yin X, Ye J. Long-chain pentraxin 3 possesses agglutination activity and plays a role in host defense against bacterial infection in Oreochromis niloticus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105053. [PMID: 37657531 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition molecule in the innate immune system that has multiple functions. It is involved in resisting pathogen infection. However, the functions of PTX3 in teleost fish are not well understood. In this study, we identified and characterized PTX3 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (OnPTX3). The open reading frame of OnPTX3 was found to be 1305 bp, encoding 434 aa. We conducted spatial mRNA expression analysis and found that the expression of OnPTX3 was significantly increased after infection with Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila, both in vivo and in vitro. We also observed that recombinant OnPTX3 protein could bind and agglutinate bacterial pathogen. Furthermore, OnPTX3 enhanced the phagocytosis of bacteria (S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila) by head kidney macrophages. Additionally, OnPTX3 was found to influence the expression of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Moreover, OnPTX3 was shown to promote complement-mediated hemolysis and possess antibacterial activity. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that OnPTX3 has bacterial binding and agglutination activities, enhances phagocytosis, and regulates inflammation. It plays a crucial role in the defense of Nile tilapia against pathogenic bacteria, providing valuable insights for the prevention and control of aquatic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Hao Bai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Qingliang Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 5a0642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Tsai HC, Ou SM, Wu CC, Huang CC, Hsieh JT, Tseng PY, Lee CY, Yang CY, Tarng DC. Pentraxin 3 Predicts Arteriovenous Fistula Functional Patency Loss and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:148-156. [PMID: 35220304 DOI: 10.1159/000522049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viable vascular access is the lifeline for hemodialysis patients. In the nondialysis population, emerging evidence suggests that circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) are associated with cardiovascular inflammation and endothelial injury. However, predictive values of these three biomarkers on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) outcomes are unknown. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 135 hemodialysis patients using AVF and then followed them for 3 years. Plasma levels of PTX3, NGAL, and CHI3L1 were measured. Patients were followed up prospectively for two clinical outcomes, including AVF functional patency loss and death. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze hazard ratios for the commencement of AVF functional patency loss and mortality. RESULTS Among 135 patients, the mean age was 66.0 ± 15.7 years old and 48.1% were male. The plasma level of PTX3, NGAL, and CHI3L1 was 2.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL, 349.2 ± 111.4 ng/mL, and 185.5 ± 66.8 ng/mL, respectively. During a 3-year follow-up period, the plasma level of PTX3 was an independent predictor for AVF functional patency loss (per 1 ng/mL increase, HR 1.112 [95% CI: 1.001-1.235], p = 0.048). Besides, patients with higher plasma levels of PTX3 were more likely to suffer from cardiovascular mortality (per 1 ng/mL increase, HR 1.320 [95% CI: 1.023-1.703], p = 0.033), infectious mortality (per 1 ng/mL increase, HR 1.394 [95% CI: 1.099-1.769], p = 0.006), and all-cause mortality (per 1 ng/mL increase, HR 1.233 [95% CI: 1.031-1.476], p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS The plasma level of PTX3, not NGAL or CHI3L1, was associated with higher risks of AVF functional patency loss in chronic hemodialysis patients, showing its value in reflecting AVF endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, PTX3 also predicts mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cheng Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Ming Ou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Hsinchu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Tong Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Tseng
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yang Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Li J, Quan X, Lei S, Chen G, Hong J, Huang Z, Wang Q, Song W, Yang X. LncRNA MEG3 alleviates PFOS induced placental cell growth inhibition through its derived miR-770 targeting PTX3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118542. [PMID: 34801623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental pollutant. Exposure to PFOS has been associated with abnormal fetal development. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been showed to play a role in fetal growth restriction (FGR), preeclampsia (PE) and other pregnancy complications. Whether the lncRNA contributes to PFOS-induced toxicity in the placenta remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of lncRNA MEG3 and its derived miR-770 in PFOS-induced placental toxicity. Pregnant mice received gavage administration of different concentrations of PFOS (0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mg/kg/day) from GD0 to GD17, and HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with PFOS in the concentrations of 0, 10-1, 1, 10 μM. We found that expression levels of miR-770 and its host gene MEG3 were reduced in mice placentas and HTR-8/SVneo cells with exposure of PFOS. A significant hypermethylation was observed at MEG3 promoter in placentas of mice gestational-treated with PFOS. We also confirmed that MEG3 and miR-770 overexpression alleviated the cell growth inhibition induced by PFOS. Furthermore, PTX3 (Pentraxin 3) was identified as the direct target of miR-770 and it was enhanced after PFOS exposure. In summary, our results suggested that MEG3 alleviate PFOS-induced placental cell inhibition through MEG3/miR-770/PTX3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
| | - Xiaojie Quan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Saifei Lei
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jiawei Hong
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zhenyao Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Weiyi Song
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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Silencing of PTX3 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory pain by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:221905. [PMID: 31957804 PMCID: PMC7000368 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an inflammatory marker and a pattern recognition receptor, plays an important role in promoting the progress of tumor and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of PTX3 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain diseases is rarely reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of PTX3 on the progression of inflammatory pain and the special molecular mechanism. A mouse BV2 microglia cell activation-mediated inflammatory model was developed with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and a mouse inflammatory pain model was established with LPS injection. The effect of PTX3 on microglia inflammatory activation was verified by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. The mechanical hyperalgesia testing, the thermal preference testing and the cold allodynia testing were used to measure the response of mice to mechanical pain, heat stimulation and cold stimulation, respectively. The results revealed that the expression of PTX3 was decreased in the LPS-induced inflammatory pain mice model. Silencing of PTX3 down-regulated LPS-induced inflammatory factors, including IL-6, NO and TNF-α, and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory pain in BV2 cells. In addition, overexpression of TLR4 reversed the inhibitory effect of si-PTX3 on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. What is more, silencing of PTX3 inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, it suggests that silencing of PTX3 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response of BV2 cells potentially by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Increased Expression of Pentraxin 3 in Placental Tissues from Patients with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:21-28. [PMID: 31523616 PMCID: PMC6714334 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a prototypical member of the long pentraxin subfamily, is a evolutionarily conserved multimeric pattern recognition receptor involved in the humoral component of the innate immune system. Pentraxin 3 is released when tissue is stressed or damaged, and interacts with many different ligands. Pentraxin 3 exerts a pivotal role both as a regulator and as an indicator of inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as sepsis, vasculitis and preeclampsia. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is considered a major cause of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). We determined the PTX3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels in placentai tissues from 50 women with URPL, and made comparison with those in 50 age-matched control subjects. In quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses, PTX3 mRNA and protein levels, respectively, were significantly increased in URPL patients compared with their respective controls (p = 0.0001). Although no significant correlations were identified between PTX3 expression levels and clinical parameters such as maternal age, numbers of previous pregnancy losses, and gestational age at miscarriage, PTX3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with no live births than in women with previous live births (p = 0.0001). Our study suggests that tissue-specific expression of PTX3 is associated with URPL. Further larger studies are required to determine whether PTX3 expression can be used as a biomarker to manage URPL in routine clinical practice.
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Pentraxin-3 Levels Relate to the Wells Score and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2324515. [PMID: 30992732 PMCID: PMC6434296 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2324515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of the PTX-3 test in evaluating the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Method 117 APE patients were selected and divided into two groups according to plasma PTX-3 levels, including the group in which PTX − 3 ≥ 3.0 ng/mL (n = 42) and the group in which PTX − 3 < 3.0 ng/mL (n = 75). Patients were stratified into high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk groups according to the Wells scores, and the PTX-3 levels were compared among the groups. Patients had been followed-up as well. Results According to the Wells scores, 11 patients were classified as high-risk (9.4%) and 68 were medium-risk (58.1%), while 38 were low-risk (32.5%). The PTX-3 levels in different risk groups were statistically different (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, 6 deaths occurred in the group with elevated PTX-3 (≥3.0 ng/mL), while 2 deaths occurred in the group with nonelevated PTX-3 (<3.0 ng/mL). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). 13 patients were hospitalized due to recurrent pulmonary embolism, of which 12 were in the group with elevated PTX-3 (≥3.0 ng/mL), while 1 patient was in the group with nonelevated PTX-3 (<3.0 ng/mL). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The plasma PTX-3 level in APE patients is correlated with PE risk stratification. There is a significant correlation between PTX-3 levels and PE-related cardiac deaths, as well as the prognosis of recurrent PE. PTX-3 can be used as a clinical indicator of PE prognosis.
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Tasdemir Z, Oskaybas MN, Alkan AB, Cakmak O. The effects of ozone therapy on periodontal therapy: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1195-1202. [PMID: 30739369 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized split-mouth clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy on clinical and biochemical parameters of moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients after non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS A total of 36 moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients were included in the study. The patients were systemically healthy and 18 to 64 years of age. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL, were evaluated at baseline and 3 months following periodontal therapy. All participants were treated non-surgically. Topical gaseous ozone was applied into periodontal pockets twice a week for 2 weeks during active periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were evaluated. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Total of 36 participants completed the study (18 males, 18 females). PI, GI, PD, percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and CAL, and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL were improved, and there were no significant differences between the two sides. All inflammatory parameters, PTX-3, Hs-CRP, and IL-1, were reduced at 3-month follow-up. Only the decrease in PTX-3 levels between baseline and 3-month follow-up was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Ozone therapy did not have any additional effect on periodontal parameters. All cytokines were reduced after periodontal therapy. Only PTX-3 levels were significantly lower at ozone sites compared to those at the control sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekeriya Tasdemir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve N Oskaybas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu B Alkan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Cakmak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Garg P, Jaryal AK, Kachhawa G, Deepak KK, Kriplani A. Estimation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), placental growth factor (PLGF) and pentraxin 3 (PTX 3) in women with preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:245-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Swanson A, Wolf T, Sitzmann A, Willette AA. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Pleiotropic roles for cytokines and neuronal pentraxins. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:49-56. [PMID: 29462653 PMCID: PMC5988985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a potential factor speculated to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiopathogenesis and progression. The overwhelming focus in this area of research to date has been on the chronic upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines to understand how neuroinflammatory mechanisms contribute to neurodegeneration. Yet, it is important to understand the pleiotropic roles of these cytokines in modulating neuroinflammation in which they cannot be labeled as a strictly "good" or "bad" biomarker phenotype. As such, biomarkers with more precise functions are needed to better understand how neuroinflammation impacts the brain in AD. Neuronal pentraxins are a concentration- dependent group of pro- or anti- inflammatory cytokines. There is contradictory evidence of these pentraxins as being both neuroprotective and potentially detrimental in AD. Potential neuroprotective examples include their ability to predict AD-related outcomes such as cognition, memory function and synaptic refinement. This review will briefly outline the basis of AD and subsequently summarize findings for neuropathological mechanisms of neuroinflammation, roles for traditional pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and data found thus far on the neuronal pentraxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Swanson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Alli Sitzmann
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2008 Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 2007 Roy Carver Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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12
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Chan SH, Tsai JP, Shen CJ, Liao YH, Chen BK. Oleate-induced PTX3 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through the up-regulation of vimentin. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41364-41378. [PMID: 28489600 PMCID: PMC5522334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between metabolic diseases and the risk of developing cancer is emerging. However, the impact of long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) on dyslipidemia-associated tumor metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that oleate induced PTX3 expression and secretion through the activation of Akt/NF-κB pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The activation of NF-κB was essential for the oleate-induced stabilization of PTX3 mRNA. In addition, both the depletion of PTX3 and the inhibition of NF-κB significantly inhibited oleate-induced tumor cell migration and invasion. The enhancement of binding between tumor and endothelial cells was observed in oleate-treated cells but not in the depletion and neutralization of PTX3 with siPTX3 and anti-PTX3 antibodies, respectively. The levels of oleate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as vimentin and MMP-3, were significantly reduced in PTX3-depleted cells. Knocking down vimentin also repressed oleate-induced HNSCC invasion. Furthermore, the depletion of PTX3 blocked the oleate-primed metastatic seeding of tumor cells in the lungs. These results demonstrate that oleate enhances HNSCC metastasis through the PTX3/vimentin signaling axes. The inhibition of PTX3 could be a potential strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia-mediated HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jhih-Peng Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chih-Jie Shen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Kuen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Boyapati R, Chinthalapani S, Ramisetti A, Salavadhi SS, Ramachandran R. Association of pentraxin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis and peripheral arterial disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:112-115. [PMID: 29769764 PMCID: PMC5939017 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_290_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between PAD and periodontal disease by examining the levels of inflammatory cytokines, pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein from serum. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with PAD (test group) and those with the non-PAD group (control group) based on ankle–brachial index values. Periodontal examinations and biochemical analysis for PTX-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were performed to compare the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: All the obtained data were sent for statistical analyses using SPSS version 18. Results: In the clinical parameters, there is statistically significant difference present between plaque index, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal inflammatory surface area with higher mean values in patients with PAD having periodontitis. There is statistical significant (P < 0.01) difference in all biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) considered in the study between PAD patients and non-PAD patients with higher mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and PTX-3. Conclusion: PTX-3 and acute-phase cytokine such as hs-CRP can be regarded as one of the best indicators to show the association between the PAD and periodontitis followed by hs-CRP, TC, very LDL (VLDL), and LDL. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a poor indicator for its association with chronic periodontitis and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arpita Ramisetti
- Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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14
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Sag S, Kamanlı A, Altındis M, Sag MS, Harman H, Tekeoglu İ, Nas K. The relationship of pentraxin-3 levels with IL-17, fetuin-A, insulin in patients with Behçet's disease. DERMATOL SIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Herseth JI, Volden V, Bolling AK. Particulate matter-mediated release of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro: Limited importance of endotoxin and organic content. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:105-119. [PMID: 28071984 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1257399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse health effects, but it is still relatively unknown which role PM sources and physicochemical properties play in the observed effects. It was postulated that PM in vitro induces release of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and that endotoxin and organic compounds present in the PM regulate this release. A contact coculture of THP-1 human leukemia monocytes and A549 human adenocarcinoma alveolar pneumocytes was exposed to PM from Traffic, Wood, Diesel, and Quartz (10-40 µg/cm2) for 12-64 h to determine release of PTX3 and VEGF. The role of endotoxin and the organic fraction in the mediator release was assessed using polymyxin B sulfate and organic extracts, respectively. Finally, antagonists were used to investigate whether the early proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α affected the PTX3 and VEGF release. All PM samples induced a time-dependent release of both PTX3 and VEGF. Traffic mediated the greatest release of PTX3, whereas Wood and Diesel were more potent inducers of VEGF. The endotoxin content did not markedly affect release of either mediator, while the organic fraction exerted no significant effect on VEGF release and limited influence on PTX3 release. In addition, the IL-1 and TNF-α agonists affected PTX3 release more strongly than VEGF release. In conclusion, the current data show a limited impact of endotoxin and organic compounds on PTX3 and VEGF release. Further, the observed differences in response patterns may point toward differential regulation of PM-mediated release of PTX3 and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Herseth
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - V Volden
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - A K Bolling
- b Department of Air Pollution and Noise , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
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16
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Parente R, Clark SJ, Inforzato A, Day AJ. Complement factor H in host defense and immune evasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1605-1624. [PMID: 27942748 PMCID: PMC5378756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is the major humoral component of the innate immune system. It recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, and initiates the immune response in coordination with innate and adaptive immunity. When activated, the complement system unleashes powerful cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms, and thus its tight control is crucial to prevent damage to host tissues and allow restoration of immune homeostasis. Factor H is the major soluble inhibitor of complement, where its binding to self markers (i.e., particular glycan structures) prevents complement activation and amplification on host surfaces. Not surprisingly, mutations and polymorphisms that affect recognition of self by factor H are associated with diseases of complement dysregulation, such as age-related macular degeneration and atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition, pathogens (i.e., non-self) and cancer cells (i.e., altered-self) can hijack factor H to evade the immune response. Here we review recent (and not so recent) literature on the structure and function of factor H, including the emerging roles of this protein in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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17
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Hwang N, Kwon MY, Cha JB, Chung SW, Woo JM. Tunicamycin-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Upregulates the Expression of Pentraxin 3 in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016; 30:468-478. [PMID: 27980366 PMCID: PMC5156621 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.30.6.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the production of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in response to tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its role in ER stress-associated cell death, PTX3 expression was evaluated in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. METHODS PTX3 production in ARPE-19 cells was analyzed in the absence or presence of tunicamycin treatment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PTX3 protein and mRNA levels were estimated using western blot analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Protein and mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ARPE-19 cell viability were measured in the presence of tunicamycin-induced ER stress in control or PTX3 small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transfected ARPE-19 cells. RESULTS The protein and mRNA levels of PTX3 were found to be significantly increased by tunicamycin treatment. PTX3 production was significantly decreased in inositol-requiring enzyme 1α shRNA-transfected ARPE-19 cells compared to control shRNA-transfected cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with the NF-κB inhibitor abolished tunicamycin-induced PTX3 production. Decreased cell viability and prolonged protein and mRNA expression of CHOP were observed under tunicamycin-induced ER stress in PTX3 shRNA transfected ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PTX3 production increased in the presence of tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Therefore, PTX3 could be an important protector of ER stress-induced cell death in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and the NF-κB signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for regulation of PTX3 expression in the retina. Therefore, their role in PTX3 expression needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Bong Cha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Je Moon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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18
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Çalapkorur MU, Alkan BA, Tasdemir Z, Akcali Y, Saatçi E. Association of peripheral arterial disease with periodontal disease: analysis of inflammatory cytokines and an acute phase protein in gingival crevicular fluid and serum. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:532-539. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Unlu Çalapkorur
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - B. A. Alkan
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - Z. Tasdemir
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Periodontology; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - Y. Akcali
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - E. Saatçi
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biology; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
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19
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Lekva T, Lyle R, Roland MCP, Friis C, Bianchi DW, Jaffe IZ, Norwitz ER, Bollerslev J, Henriksen T, Ueland T. Gene expression in term placentas is regulated more by spinal or epidural anesthesia than by late-onset preeclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29715. [PMID: 27405415 PMCID: PMC4942618 DOI: 10.1038/srep29715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common complications of pregnancy, but the mechanisms underlying these disorders remain unclear. The aim was to identify the extent of altered gene expression in term placentas from pregnant women with late-onset PE and GDM compared to controls. RNAseq identified few significantly differentially regulated genes in placental biopsies between PE, GDM, or uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 10 each group). Five genes were altered in placentas from PE including 4 non-coding genes and Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). No genes were significantly regulated by GDM. In contrast, many genes were significantly regulated by fetal, maternal and delivery-specific variables, particularly spinal and epidural anesthesia. We selected ANGPT2 and Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) to test with qPCR in a larger set of placentas (n = 475) and found no differences between the groups. However, regression analysis revealed a stronger association between placental ANGPT2 and CXCL14 mRNA expression and fetal, maternal and delivery-specific variables than diagnostic group. To conclude, the gene expression in term placentas are highly affected by fetal, maternal and delivery specific variables. Few regulated genes were found in late-onset PE and GDM placentas, which may suggest that these conditions could be more affected by maternal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Lyle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Camilla Friis
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Errol R Norwitz
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Serum pentraxin 3 levels are negatively associated with carotid intima media thickness in non-obese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:298-301. [PMID: 27404695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a long pentraxin that is supposed to participate in the inflammatory process and in atherosclerosis. AIM To study PTX3 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to know if its serum levels may reflect disease activity and/or subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS PTX3 and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) were studied in 85 RA patients (83.5% females, median age of 59years old, median disease duration of 13years) along with its demographic, clinical, serological and lipid profile. For comparison PTX3 was measured in 85 healthy volunteers. RESULTS PTX3 levels in RA patients were similar to controls (p=0.21) and did not correlate with inflammatory activity measured by ESR (p=0.39) CRP (p=0.18) and DAS28 (p=0.67). Serum PTX3 levels were higher in nonobese RA patients than in obese (BMI vs PTX3 with rho=-0.27; 95%IC=-0.46 to -0.06; p=0.009). In non-obese patients, PTX3 correlated negatively with carotid IMT (rho=-0.40; 95%IC=-0.66 to -0.06; p=0.01) but not in the obese ones (p=0.26). In the obese RA patients there was a negative correlation between PTX3 levels and LDL/HDL ratio (Rho=-0.29; 95%IC=-0.53-0.01; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS PTX3 levels do not reflect inflammatory process in RA. However, it exerts a protective role in the process of atherogenesis in non-obese RA patients.
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21
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Lekva T, Norwitz ER, Aukrust P, Ueland T. Impact of Systemic Inflammation on the Progression of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:26. [PMID: 26879309 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With increasing rates of obesity and new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the overall prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide. Women with GDM have an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy as well as long-term risks including higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the role of immune activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of GDM has gained increasing attention. This monograph explores the current state of the literature as regards the expression of markers of inflammation in the maternal circulation, placenta, and adipose tissue of women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027, Oslo, Norway.
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
| | - Errol R Norwitz
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Ummenthum K, Peferoen LAN, Finardi A, Baker D, Pryce G, Mantovani A, Bsibsi M, Bottazzi B, Peferoen-Baert R, van der Valk P, Garlanda C, Kipp M, Furlan R, van Noort JM, Amor S. Pentraxin-3 is upregulated in the central nervous system during MS and EAE, but does not modulate experimental neurological disease. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:701-11. [PMID: 26576501 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), an acute-phase protein released during inflammation, aids phagocytic clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells, and plays diverse immunoregulatory roles in tissue injury. In neuroinflammatory diseases, like MS, resident microglia could become activated by endogenous agonists for Toll like receptors (TLRs). Previously we showed a strong TLR2-mediated induction of PTX3 in cultured human microglia and macrophages by HspB5, which accumulates in glia during MS. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of HspB5, we examined the contribution of PTX3 to these effects in MS and its animal model EAE. Our data indicate that TLR engagement effectively induces PTX3 expression in human microglia, and that such expression is readily detectable in MS lesions. Enhanced PTX3 expression is prominently expressed in microglia in preactive MS lesions, and in microglia/macrophages engaged in myelin phagocytosis in actively demyelinating lesions. Yet, we did not detect PTX3 in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. PTX3 expression is also elevated in spinal cords during chronic relapsing EAE in Biozzi ABH mice, but the EAE severity and time course in PTX3-deficient mice did not differ from WT mice. Moreover, systemic PTX3 administration did not alter the disease onset or severity. Our findings reveal local functions of PTX3 during neuroinflammation in facilitating myelin phagocytosis, but do not point to a role for PTX3 in controlling the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Ummenthum
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A N Peferoen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Dept. of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - David Baker
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Gareth Pryce
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Bottazzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Dept. of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
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23
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Skare TL, Nisihara R, Ramos GP, Utiyama SR, Messias-Reason I. Pentraxin-3 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with cumulative damage but not with disease activity. Joint Bone Spine 2015; 82:466-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Chang WC, Wu SL, Huang WC, Hsu JY, Chan SH, Wang JM, Tsai JP, Chen BK. PTX3 gene activation in EGF-induced head and neck cancer cell metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:7741-57. [PMID: 25797258 PMCID: PMC4480713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is associated with enhanced invasion and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Long Pentraxin PTX3 is involved in immune escape in cancer cells. Here, we identified PTX3 as a promoting factor that mediates EGF-induced HNSCC metastasis. EGF-induced PTX3 transcriptional activation is via the binding of c-Jun to the activator protein (AP)-1 binding site of the PTX3 promoter. PI3K/Akt and NF-κB were essential for the PTX3 activation. EGF-induced PTX3 expression was blocked in c-Jun- and NF-κB-knockdown cells. EGF-mediated PTX3 secretion resulted in the enhancement of cell migration and invasion, and interactions between cancer and endothelial cells. The tail-vein injection animal model revealed that depletion of PTX3 decreased EGF-primed tumor cell metastatic seeding of the lungs. In addition, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and E-cadherin were essential components in EGFR/PTX3-mediated cancer metastasis. In conclusion, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB-dependent regulation of AP-1 mediates PTX3 transcriptional responses to EGF. Autocrine production of EGF-induced PTX3 in turn induces metastatic molecules, activating inflammatory cascades and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University-Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shuo-Lun Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chen Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jinn-Yuan Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jhih-Peng Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ben-Kuen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Gümüş P, Nizam N, Nalbantsoy A, Özçaka Ö, Buduneli N. Saliva and Serum Levels of Pentraxin-3 and Interleukin-1β in Generalized Aggressive or Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e40-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tosi F, Di Sarra D, Bonin C, Zambotti F, Dall'Alda M, Fiers T, Kaufman JM, Donati M, Franchi M, Zanolin ME, Bonora E, Moghetti P. Plasma levels of pentraxin-3, an inflammatory protein involved in fertility, are reduced in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:401-9. [PMID: 24347428 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), like C-reactive protein (CRP), is an acute-phase protein that belongs to the pentraxin superfamily. Moreover, it is expressed in the cumulus oophorus and appears to be involved in female fertility. The aim of the present study was to assess whether PTX3 levels are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women and whether they show any relationship with the main features of these subjects. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of an academic centre. METHODS A total of 66 women affected with PCOS and 51 healthy controls were studied. Plasma PTX3 and serum CRP were measured by ELISA. Androgens were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and free testosterone was measured by equilibrium dialysis. In PCOS women, insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose clamp technique. RESULTS Adjusting for age and BMI, plasma PTX3 was reduced in PCOS women (P=0.036), in contrast with serum CRP, which was increased (P=0.004). In multiple regression analysis, serum androgens and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS were predictors of PTX3 levels, whereas body fat was the main independent predictor of CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PTX3 levels were reduced in PCOS women and independently associated with hyperandrogenism and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tosi
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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27
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Biology of Human Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:881-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Daigo K, Hamakubo T. Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2012; 3:378. [PMID: 23248627 PMCID: PMC3521240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor which is classified as a long-pentraxin in the pentraxin family. It is known to play an important role in innate immunity, inflammatory regulation, and female fertility. PTX3 is synthesized by specific cells, primarily in response to inflammatory signals. Among these various cells, neutrophils have a unique PTX3 production system. Neutrophils store PTX3 in neutrophil-specific granules and then the stored PTX3 is released and localizes in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although certain NET components have been identified, such as histones and anti-microbial proteins, the detailed mechanisms by which NETs localize, as well as capture and kill microbes, have not been fully elucidated. PTX3 is a candidate diagnostic marker of infection and vascular damage. In severe infectious diseases such as sepsis, the circulating PTX3 concentration increases greatly (up to 100 ng/mL, i.e., up to 100-fold of the normal level). Even though it is clearly implied that PTX3 plays a protective role in sepsis and certain other disorders, the detailed mechanisms by which it does so remain unclear. A proteomic study of PTX3 ligands in septic patients revealed that PTX3 forms a complex with certain NET component proteins. This suggests a role for PTX3 in which it facilitates the efficiency of anti-microbial protein pathogen clearance by interacting with both pathogens and anti-microbial proteins. We discuss the possible relationships between PTX3 and NET component proteins in the host protection afforded by the innate immune response. The PTX3 complex has the potential to be a highly useful diagnostic marker of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Daigo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
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Argani H, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Panahi G, Rashtchizadeh N, Safa J, Meimand SM. Serum Fetuin-A and Pentraxin3 in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:775-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Osera C, Pascale A, Amadio M, Venturini L, Govoni S, Ricevuti G. Pentraxins and Alzheimer's disease: at the interface between biomarkers and pharmacological targets. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:189-98. [PMID: 22186030 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving deposition of misfolded proteins in vulnerable brain regions leading to inexorable and progressive neuronal loss and deterioration of cognitive functions. The AD brain displays features typical of chronic inflammation as defined by the presence of activated microglia and by an excessive amount of neuroinflammatory components such as cytokines and acute-phase proteins. This review aims to shed light on the role of the immune processes involved in AD, focusing on a family of inflammatory modulators belonging to the acute-phase proteins and crucial components of the humoral arm of innate immunity: pentraxins. In particular we analyze function of the pentraxins in AD, their upregulation in the brain and their contribution to neurodegeneration. Additionally, we highlight the role of pentraxins as putative AD biomarkers and as pharmacological therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Osera
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Nervous System, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Gout E, Moriscot C, Doni A, Dumestre-Pérard C, Lacroix M, Pérard J, Schoehn G, Mantovani A, Arlaud GJ, Thielens NM. M-ficolin interacts with the long pentraxin PTX3: a novel case of cross-talk between soluble pattern-recognition molecules. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:5815-22. [PMID: 21490156 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Ficolins and pentraxins are soluble oligomeric pattern-recognition molecules that sense danger signals from pathogens and altered self-cells and might act synergistically in innate immune defense and maintenance of immune tolerance. The interaction of M-ficolin with the long pentraxin pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. M-ficolin was shown to bind PTX3 with high affinity in the presence of calcium ions. The interaction was abolished in the presence of EDTA and inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, indicating involvement of the fibrinogen-like domain of M-ficolin. Removal of sialic acid from the single N-linked carbohydrate of the C-terminal domain of PTX3 abolished the interaction. Likewise, an M-ficolin mutant with impaired sialic acid-binding ability did not interact with PTX3. Interaction was also impaired when using the isolated recognition domain of M-ficolin or the monomeric C-terminal domain of PTX3, indicating requirement for oligomerization of both proteins. Electron microscopy analysis of the M-ficolin-PTX3 complexes revealed that the M-ficolin tetramer bound up to four PTX3 molecules. From a functional point of view, immobilized PTX3 was able to trigger M-ficolin-dependent activation of the lectin complement pathway. These data indicate that interaction of M-ficolin with PTX3 arises from its ability to bind sialylated ligands and thus differs from the binding to the short pentraxin C-reactive protein and from the binding of L-ficolin to PTX3. The M-ficolin-PTX3 interaction described in this study represents a novel case of cross-talk between soluble pattern-recognition molecules, lending further credit to the integrated view of humoral innate immunity that emerged recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gout
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, 38027 Grenoble, France
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Abstract
In the beginning were neither B cells nor T cells nor antibodies, but innate immune defense alone. The primary functional theme of innate immunity is the distinction between self and non-self, which is maintained by a vast number of cellular and subcellular components. In this context, the immense importance of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is well established. Positive (Darwinian) selection seems to be acting on the ligand-binding domains of these molecules, suggesting a selection pattern similar to that previously observed in the MHC proteins. In sharp contrast to TLRs, the biological significance of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is controversial, and, concerning humans, it has been suggested that low concentration of MBL in serum represents a selective advantage. In this mini-review, based on a doctoral thesis, evolutionary aspects of TLRs and MBL are discussed.
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Chang CC, Wang PH, Su PH, Lin DB, Ying TH, Yang SF, Hsieh YH. Significant elevation of plasma pentraxin 3 in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1655-60. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khan MA, Steiner TS, Sham HP, Bergstrom KS, Huang JT, Assi K, Salh B, Tai IT, Li X, Vallance BA. The single IgG IL-1-related receptor controls TLR responses in differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2305-13. [PMID: 20130217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are constantly exposed to enteric microbes. Although IECs express TLRs that recognize bacterial products, the activation of these TLRs is strictly controlled through poorly understood mechanisms, producing a state of hyporesponsiveness and preventing unwanted inflammation. The single IgG IL-1-related receptor (Sigirr) is a negative regulator of TLRs that is expressed by IECs and was recently shown to inhibit experimental colitis. However, the importance of Sigirr in IEC hyporesponsiveness and its distribution within the human colon is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Sigirr in regulating epithelial-specific TLR responses and characterized its expression in colonic biopsy specimens. Transformed and nontransformed human IECs were cultured as monolayers. Transient gene silencing and stable overexpression of Sigirr was performed to assess innate IEC responses. Sigirr expression in human colonic biopsy specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bacterial infection of IECs and exposure to flagellin transiently decreased Sigirr protein expression, concurrent with secretion of the neutrophil chemokine IL-8. Sigirr gene silencing augmented chemokine responses to bacterial flagellin, Pam3Cys, and the cytokine IL-1beta. Conversely, stable overexpression of Sigirr diminished NF-kappaB-mediated IL-8 responses to TLR ligands. We also found that Sigirr expression increased as IECs differentiated in culture. This observation was confirmed in biopsy sections, in which Sigirr expression within colonic crypts was prominent in IECs at the apex and diminished at the base. Our findings show that Sigirr broadly regulates innate responses in differentiated human IECs; therefore, it may modulate epithelial involvement in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Khan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4,Canada
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