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Di J, Tuttle PG, Adamowicz L, Lin W, Zhang H, Psaltos D, Selig J, Bai J, Karahanoglu FI, Sheriff P, Seelam V, Williams B, Ghafoor S, Demanuele C, Santamaria M, Cai X. Monitoring Activity and Gait in Children (MAGIC) using digital health technologies. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03147-x. [PMID: 38514860 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health technologies (DHTs) can collect gait and physical activity in adults, but limited studies have validated these in children. This study compared gait and physical activity metrics collected using DHTs to those collected by reference comparators during in-clinic sessions, to collect a normative accelerometry dataset, and to evaluate participants' comfort and their compliance in wearing the DHTs at-home. METHODS The MAGIC (Monitoring Activity and Gait in Children) study was an analytical validation study which enrolled 40, generally healthy participants aged 3-17 years. Gait and physical activity were collected using DHTs in a clinical setting and continuously at-home. RESULTS Overall good to excellent agreement was observed between gait metrics extracted with a gait algorithm from a lumbar-worn DHT compared to ground truth reference systems. Majority of participants either "agreed" or "strongly agreed" that wrist and lumbar DHTs were comfortable to wear at home, respectively, with 86% (wrist-worn DHT) and 68% (lumbar-worn DHT) wear-time compliance. Significant differences across age groups were observed in multiple gait and activity metrics obtained at home. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gait and physical activity data can be collected from DHTs in pediatric populations with high reliability and wear compliance, in-clinic and in home environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04823650 IMPACT: Digital health technologies (DHTs) have been used to collect gait and physical activity in adult populations, but limited studies have validated these metrics in children. The MAGIC study comprehensively validates the performance and feasibility of DHT-measured gait and physical activity in the pediatric population. Our findings suggest that reliable gait and physical activity data can be collected from DHTs in pediatric populations, with both high accuracy and wear compliance both in-clinic and in home environments. The identified across-age-group differences in gait and activity measurements highlighted their potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuemei Cai
- Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Ramanan N, Lee S, Maharajh G, Webster R, Longmuir PE. Preventing sedentary lifestyles among young children born with congenital heart defects: A feasibility study of physical activity rehabilitation after surgical or catheterization intervention. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284946. [PMID: 37594946 PMCID: PMC10437896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have inactive lifestyles and motor skill deficits beginning in infancy. The least active infants continue to be the least active children at school age. Enhancing physical activity and motor development in infancy, at the time of CHD treatment, may prevent inactive lifestyle habits. METHODS All children being treated, through surgery or catheterization, for congenital heart disease are eligible if they are 3 to 72 months of age at enrollment. The Peabody Motor Development Scales (Version 2) and 7-day accelerometry (Actigraph GT9X Link) assess motor skills and physical activity prior to treatment and 7 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post-treatment. Participants are randomized 3:1 to intervention:control. Until 7 weeks post-treatment, intervention activities focus on regaining pre-treatment mobility and midline crossing. From 7 weeks to 6 months post-treatment, the intervention is individualized to each child's assessment results and is parent-led, delivered at home and play-based. CONCLUSION This feasibility study will provide essential data for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate play-based, parent-delivered interventions optimized to support age-appropriate physical activity and motor skills among young children with CHD. Preliminary intervention efficacy data will inform an evidence-based sample size calculation, optimize intervention timing, and identify hypotheses on the motor skill-physical activity connection and the impact of play-based, parent-led interventions during recovery from CHD treatment. Long-term, the goal is to optimize motor skill and active lifestyles among young children with CHD, enabling their healthy growth and development and enhancing childhood quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials registration: NCT04619745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neya Ramanan
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Suzie Lee
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gyaandeo Maharajh
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Richard Webster
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Patricia E. Longmuir
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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How Teacher Verbal Prompting and Demonstrated Modeling Correlate to Preschooler's Physical Activity Levels. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:106-111. [PMID: 36509090 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teacher-led strategies targeting verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling can increase preschoolers' physical activity levels; however, it is unknown which strategy promotes higher levels. The purpose of this study was to explore whether teacher verbal prompting or demonstrated modeling elicits higher levels of physical activity among preschoolers. METHODS Participants included 117 (56 females and 61 males; mean = 3.77 y) preschoolers who were observed for 3 days during regular preschool instructions. The System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions observation system assessed verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling of the teachers, and preschoolers wore an ActiGraph accelerometer to measure physical activity. RESULTS The multivariate analysis of variance results showed a significant difference for verbal prompting (P < .001), demonstrated modeling (P = .032), light physical activity (P < .001), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; P < .001) between segments of the preschool day. A stepwise linear regression showed that preschooler's MVPA (P = .005) and light physical activity and MVPA (P = .036) were significantly related to demonstrated modeling, but not verbal prompting. During indoor time, light physical activity and MVPA were highest during large group, work time, and morning group, where teacher demonstrated modeling occurred the most. CONCLUSIONS Teacher demonstrated modeling had a significant relationship to preschoolers' MVPA and light physical activity levels, while teacher verbal prompting did not.
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Lettink A, Altenburg TM, Arts J, van Hees VT, Chinapaw MJM. Systematic review of accelerometer-based methods for 24-h physical behavior assessment in young children (0-5 years old). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:116. [PMID: 36076221 PMCID: PMC9461103 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate accelerometer-based methods are required for assessment of 24-h physical behavior in young children. We aimed to summarize evidence on measurement properties of accelerometer-based methods for assessing 24-h physical behavior in young children. METHODS We searched PubMed (MEDLINE) up to June 2021 for studies evaluating reliability or validity of accelerometer-based methods for assessing physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), or sleep in 0-5-year-olds. Studies using a subjective comparison measure or an accelerometer-based device that did not directly output time series data were excluded. We developed a Checklist for Assessing the Methodological Quality of studies using Accelerometer-based Methods (CAMQAM) inspired by COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included, examining conventional cut-point-based methods or multi-parameter methods. For infants (0-12 months), several multi-parameter methods proved valid for classifying SB and PA. From three months of age, methods were valid for identifying sleep. In toddlers (1-3 years), cut-points appeared valid for distinguishing SB and light PA (LPA) from moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). One multi-parameter method distinguished toddler specific SB. For sleep, no studies were found in toddlers. In preschoolers (3-5 years), valid hip and wrist cut-points for assessing SB, LPA, MVPA, and wrist cut-points for sleep were identified. Several multi-parameter methods proved valid for identifying SB, LPA, and MVPA, and sleep. Despite promising results of multi-parameter methods, few models were open-source. While most studies used a single device or axis to measure physical behavior, more promising results were found when combining data derived from different sensor placements or multiple axes. CONCLUSIONS Up to age three, valid cut-points to assess 24-h physical behavior were lacking, while multi-parameter methods proved valid for distinguishing some waking behaviors. For preschoolers, valid cut-points and algorithms were identified for all physical behaviors. Overall, we recommend more high-quality studies evaluating 24-h accelerometer data from multiple sensor placements and axes for physical behavior assessment. Standardized protocols focusing on including well-defined physical behaviors in different settings representative for children's developmental stage are required. Using our CAMQAM checklist may further improve methodological study quality. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020184751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelinde Lettink
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Teatske M Altenburg
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Arts
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T van Hees
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,, Accelting, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rojo-Wissar DM, Bai J, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Wolfson AR, Spira AP. Development of circadian rest-activity rhythms during the first year of life in a racially diverse cohort. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac078. [PMID: 35380731 PMCID: PMC9189964 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To describe the development of circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs) during infancy in a racially diverse cohort. METHODS We studied 414 infants from the Nurture birth cohort (51.2% female, 65.2% Black) who wore actigraphs on their left ankles for 4 days and nights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We quantified CRARs using cosinor and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis, and investigated change in CRARs over time, comparing 6, 9, and 12 months to CRARs at 3 months. We adjusted for baseline and time-varying covariates and used function-on-scalar regression (FOSR) to identify the specific times of day at which activity changes occurred. RESULTS Across the first year, daily mean and peak activity levels and day-to-day activity level regularity increased, and activity level fragmentation and nighttime activity decreased. Only at 9 months, compared to at 3 months, did timing of peak activity levels and the most active periods shift later, while timing of least active periods shifted earlier. FOSR analyses showed that mean activity levels decreased during nighttime hours and increased during daytime hours, with the most pronounced changes at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS Among racially diverse infants, CRARs became more robust, stable, and less fragmented over time. Findings suggest the greatest change from 3-month CRARs occurs at 9 months, which may be a key period of CRAR development. This and future research will contribute to our understanding of normative infant CRAR development in diverse populations and enable us to identify infants who may benefit from intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar
- The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Maryland
, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,USA
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A systematic review of proxy-report questionnaires assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep in young children (aged 0-5 years). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35164783 PMCID: PMC8845346 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate proxy-report questionnaires, adapted to the child’s developmental stage, are required to monitor 24-h movement behaviors in young children, especially for large samples and low-resource settings. Objectives This review aimed to summarize available studies evaluating measurement properties of proxy-report questionnaires assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep in children aged 0–5 years. Methods Systematic literature searches were carried out in the PubMed, Embase and SPORTDiscus databases, up to January 2021. For physical activity and sedentary behavior questionnaires this is a review update, whereas for sleep questionnaires we included all relevant studies published up to now. Studies had to evaluate at least one of the measurement properties of a proxy-report questionnaire assessing at least duration and/or frequency of physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep in 0- to 5-year-old children. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results Thirty-three studies were included, examining a total of 37 questionnaires. Ten questionnaires were designed for infants, two for toddlers, 11 for preschoolers, and 14 for a broader age range targeting multiple of these age groups. Twenty questionnaires assessed constructs of sleep, four assessed constructs of physical activity, two assessed screen behavior, five assessed constructs of both physical activity and sedentary behavior, and six assessed constructs of all 24-h movement behaviors. Content validity was evaluated for six questionnaires, structural validity for two, internal consistency for three, test-retest reliability for 16, measurement error for one, criterion validity for one, and construct validity for 26 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires were considered sufficiently valid and/or reliable for assessing one or more movement behaviors in 0- to 5-year-old children, and the quality of evidence was mostly low or very low. Conclusions Valid and/or reliable questionnaires assessing 24-h movement behaviors in 0- to 5-year-olds are lacking. High-quality studies are therefore required, to develop proxy-report questionnaires and evaluate their measurement properties. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020169268. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01251-x.
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Altenburg TM, de Vries L, Op den Buijsch R, Eyre E, Dobell A, Duncan M, Chinapaw MJM. Cross-validation of cut-points in preschool children using different accelerometer placements and data axes. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:379-385. [PMID: 35040373 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1994726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study cross-validated various cut-points to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour in preschoolers, using hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers and both vertical axis and vector magnitude data. Secondly, we examined the influence of epoch length on time estimates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Sixty-four preschoolers (34 girls) wore two accelerometers, on their right hip and dominant wrist, during 1 hour of free play. Preschoolers' activities were observed by two trained researchers. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves as a measure of precision. AUC ranges were 0.603-0.723 for sedentary behaviour, 0.472-0.545 for light physical activity and 0.503-0.661 for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), indicating poor to fair precision. Percentage of time classified as sedentary behaviour, light or MVPA according to observation and accelerometer data varied largely between cut-points, accelerometer placements and axes. The influence of epoch length on time estimates was minimal across cut-points, except for one hip-based vector magnitude cut-point. Across all accelerometer placements and data axes, no set of cut-points demonstrated adequate precision for sedentary behaviour, light physical activity and MVPA. The highly variable and omnidirectional activity pattern of preschoolers may explain the lack of adequate cut-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Umc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte de Vries
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Umc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Op den Buijsch
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Umc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Eyre
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexandra Dobell
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael Duncan
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Coventry, UK
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Umc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Use of a spatiotemporal approach for understanding preschoolers’ playground activity. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2020; 35:100376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Dalene KE, Kolle E, Northstone K, Møller NC, Grøntved A, Wedderkopp N, Kriemler S, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, van der Ploeg H, Ahrens W, Flexeder C, Standl M, Shculz H, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Michels N, Cardon G, Ortega FB, Ruiz J, Aznar S, Fogelholm M, Decelis A, Olesen LG, Hjorth MF, Santos R, Vale S, Christiansen LB, Jago R, Basterfield L, Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Eiben G, Polito A, Lauria F, Vanhelst J, Hadjigeorgiou C, Konstabel K, Molnár D, Sprengeler O, Manios Y, Harro J, Kafatos A, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. Variations in accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time across Europe - harmonized analyses of 47,497 children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:38. [PMID: 32183834 PMCID: PMC7079516 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the variations in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents across Europe. Methods Six databases were systematically searched to identify pan-European and national data sets on physical activity and sedentary time assessed by the same accelerometer in children (2 to 9.9 years) and adolescents (≥10 to 18 years). We harmonized individual-level data by reprocessing hip-worn raw accelerometer data files from 30 different studies conducted between 1997 and 2014, representing 47,497 individuals (2–18 years) from 18 different European countries. Results Overall, a maximum of 29% (95% CI: 25, 33) of children and 29% (95% CI: 25, 32) of adolescents were categorized as sufficiently physically active. We observed substantial country- and region-specific differences in physical activity and sedentary time, with lower physical activity levels and prevalence estimates in Southern European countries. Boys were more active and less sedentary in all age-categories. The onset of age-related lowering or leveling-off of physical activity and increase in sedentary time seems to become apparent at around 6 to 7 years of age. Conclusions Two third of European children and adolescents are not sufficiently active. Our findings suggest substantial gender-, country- and region-specific differences in physical activity. These results should encourage policymakers, governments, and local and national stakeholders to take action to facilitate an increase in the physical activity levels of young people across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistcs and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Portugal, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Shculz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD research group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Insituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jonatan Ruiz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Line Grønholt Olesen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Unit for obesity research Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rute Santos
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Department of Sport Science, High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russ Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Basterfield
- Institute of Health & Society and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Angela Polito
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lauria
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Jeremy Vanhelst
- Inserm, CHU Lille,U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Centre, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Kenn Konstabel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tervise Arengu Instituut, Tallin, Estonia
| | - Dénes Molnár
- University of Pecs, Medical Faculty, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ole Sprengeler
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Benjamin-Neelon SE, Bai J, Østbye T, Neelon B, Pate RR, Crainiceanu C. Physical Activity and Adiposity in a Racially Diverse Cohort of US Infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:631-637. [PMID: 31944621 PMCID: PMC7042075 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early life physical activity may help prevent obesity, but objective quantification in infants is challenging. METHODS A total of 506 infants were examined from 2013 to 2016. Infants wore accelerometers for 4 days at ages 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Daily log-transformed physical activity counts were computed, averaged, and standardized across assessments. A linear mixed model was used to examine trends in standardized physical activity counts as well as associations between physical activity and BMI z score, sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness for overall adiposity (SS+TR), and their ratio for central adiposity (SS:TR). RESULTS Among infants, 66% were black and 50% were female. For each additional visit, standardized physical activity counts increased by 0.23 (CI: 0.18 to 0.27; P < 0.0001). This translates to 126.3 unadjusted physical activity counts or a 4% increase for each visit beyond 3 months. In addition, a 1-SD increase in standardized physical activity counts (550 unadjusted physical activity counts) was associated with a 0.01-mm lower SS:TR (95% CI: -0.02 to -0.001; P = 0.03). However, standardized physical activity counts were not associated with BMI z score or SS+TR. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity increased over infancy and was associated with central adiposity. Despite limitations, researchers should consider objective measurement in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Neelon
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Intervention Strategies to Elicit MVPA in Preschoolers during Outdoor Play. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020650. [PMID: 31963904 PMCID: PMC7014008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of preschoolers do not meet physical activity recommendations and children who reside in low-income rural communities may be further at risk for higher levels of sedentary behavior. Outdoor play is essential for preschool children; however, literature is unclear as to which types of interventions elicit moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for all preschoolers. The aim of this study was to determine which type of intervention, physical activity or fundamental motor skill focus, elicits MVPA during outdoor play. Ninety-eight preschool children (M age = 4.48 years) from one Head Start center participated in an outdoor play intervention two days per week for 7 weeks. Classes were randomly assigned to one of four groups: fundamental motor skill focus (FMS), physical activity focus (PA), FMS and PA (FMS + PA), and control. An accelerometer worn on the hip measured MVPA. Results showed that age, sex and group assignment contributed to MVPA at the beginning of the intervention and age, sex, group assignment and MVPA during the beginning of the intervention contributed to MVPA at the end of the intervention. Overall, the FMS + PA group elicited MVPA from males and females of all ages. Interventions that combine both FMS and PA may reduce physical activity disparities in preschool children.
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12
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Kids Active: Evaluation of an Educator-Led Active Play and Fundamental Movement Skill Intervention in the Irish Preschool Setting. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Kids Active program was developed with the aim of increasing physical activity (PA) and fundamental movement skill (FMS) levels of children in preschool services in Ireland through training educators to encourage active play opportunities. In this study, the impact of a six-week pilot program on educator confidence, as well as children’s PA levels and FMS proficiency, is evaluated. Educators’ (n = 32) confidence to teach PA was measured through questionnaire, while data (anthropometric data, PA via accelerometry, and proficiency in four FMS; run, vertical jump, overhand throw, and catch) were collected from 141 children in five intervention and four control services. Educators in the intervention group achieved significantly higher confidence scores at post-intervention testing in comparison to the control group. No significant differences between control and intervention groups were found for children’s PA across the three-hour period. Children in the intervention group significantly increased scores in the overhand throw. Small positive changes in educator confidence to teach PA and in children’s performance of the skill of overhand throw indicate potential effects of the Kids Active intervention that warrant further investigation of efficacy over longer periods of time.
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13
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Physical Activity and Fundamental Movement Skills of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Irish Preschool Services. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify levels of physical activity (PA) and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of children aged 3 to 5 years in Irish preschool services during care hours, and investigate the relationship between these two variables. Data were collected from 141 children (50.3% boys, ageM = 3.9 ± 0.5 years) across 9 preschool services. Measurements included PA via accelerometry, and proficiency in four FMS (run, vertical jump, throw and catch). The recommended guideline of 15 minutes of PA per hour (min PA/hour) was met by 35% of children (M = 13.6 min PA/hour). Significant differences in mean PA per hour were found by gender, with boys (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than girls (13.0 min PA/ hour), and age, with younger children (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than older (12.6 minutes PA/hour). Percentage of children proficient in the run was high (88.4%), but low across the other skills (4.9%–18.5%). Significant differences were identified by gender for vertical jump with girls scoring higher than boys. No significant relationship was found between FMS and total PA. Low levels of PA and FMS proficiency highlight need for intervention in early years settings to ensure children develop skills to participate in PA.
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14
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Pereira JR, Sousa-Sá E, Zhang Z, Cliff DP, Santos R. Concurrent validity of the ActiGraph GT3X+ and activPAL for assessing sedentary behaviour in 2-3-year-old children under free-living conditions. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:151-156. [PMID: 31447386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ActiGraph accelerometer cut-points are commonly used to classify sedentary behaviour (SB) in young children. However, they vary from 5counts/5s to 301counts/15s, resulting in different estimates and inconsistent findings. The aim was to examine the concurrent validity of ActiGraph GT3X+cut-points against the activPAL for measuring SB in 2-3-year-olds during free-living conditions. DESIGN Observational validation-study. METHODS Sixty children were fitted with the activPAL and ActiGraph simultaneously for at least 2h. Nine ActiGraph cut-points ranging from 60 to 1488 counts per minute were used to derive SB. Bland & Altman plots and equivalent tests were performed to assess agreement between methods. RESULTS Estimates of SB according to the different ActiGraph cut-points were not within the activPAL ±10% equivalent interval (-4.05; 4.05%). The ActiGraph cut-points that showed the lower bias were 48counts/15s (equivalence lower limit: p= 0.597; equivalence upper limit: p<0.001; bias: -4.46%; limits of agreement [LoA]: -21.07 to 30.00%) and 5counts/5s (equivalence lower limit: p<0.001; equivalence upper limit: p= 0.737; bias: -5.11%; LoA: 30.43 to 20.20%). For the 25counts/15s, 37counts/15s and 48counts/15s ActiGraph cut-points, the upper limits were within the equivalent interval (p<0.001) but not the lower limits (p>0.05). When using the 5counts/5s and 181counts/15s ActiGraph cut-points, lower limits were within the equivalent interval (p<0.001) but not the upper limits (p>0.05). Confidence intervals of the remaining ActiGraph cut-points lie outside the equivalent interval. CONCLUSIONS Although none of the ActiGraph cut-points provided estimates of SB that were equivalent to activPAL; estimates from 48counts/15s and 5counts/5s displayed the smallest mean bias (˜5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity - CIDAF - University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute - IHMRI - University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - CIAFEL - University of Porto, Portugal; Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Leeger-Aschmann CS, Schmutz EA, Zysset AE, Kakebeeke TH, Messerli-Bürgy N, Stülb K, Arhab A, Meyer AH, Munsch S, Jenni OG, Puder JJ, Kriemler S. Accelerometer-derived physical activity estimation in preschoolers - comparison of cut-point sets incorporating the vector magnitude vs the vertical axis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:513. [PMID: 31060538 PMCID: PMC6501292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ActiGraph accelerometers are a widely used tool to objectively measure physical activity (PA) behavior in young children and several validated cut-point sets exist to estimate time spent in different PA intensities (sedentary time, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA). Applying different cut-point sets leads to large and meaningful differences in results. So far, only cut-point sets validated for the vertical axis have been compared and only the influence on time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA has been analyzed. Methods A range of validated cut-point sets with their respective epoch length was applied to analyze cross-sectional data of the Swiss Preschoolers’ Health Study (SPLASHY): 1) Vertical axis in combination with an epoch length of 15 s (VA-15), 2) Vertical axis in combination with an epoch length of 60 s (VA-60) and 3) Vector magnitude in combination with an epoch length of 60 s (VM-60). PA was measured for eight consecutive days using ActiGraph accelerometers (wGT3X-BT). Three days were required to be included in the analysis (minimum two weekdays and one weekend-day with at least ten hours recording per day). Results Four hundred forty-five preschoolers (mean age 3.9 ± 0.5 years; 46% girls) had valid accelerometer measurements. A longer epoch (VA-60 vs VA-15) resulted in 2% less sedentary time (ST), 18% more light PA (LPA) and 51% less moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA); using the vector magnitude compared to the vertical axis (VM-60 vs VA-60) resulted in 34% less ST, 27% more LPA and 63% more MVPA (all p ≤ 0.001). Comparing all three sets of cut-points, ST ranged from 4.0 to 6.2 h, LPA from 5.1 to 7.6 h and MVPA from 0.8 to 1.6 h. Conclusions Estimated time spent in different PA intensities was strongly influenced by the choice of cut-point sets. Both, axis selection and epoch length need to be considered when comparing different studies especially when they relate PA behavior to health. The differences in the prevalence of children fulfilling PA guidelines highlight the relevance of these findings. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41045021 (date of registration: 21.03.2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6837-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Leeger-Aschmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Einat A Schmutz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina E Zysset
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja H Kakebeeke
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- Clinical Child Psychology & Biological Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stülb
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Amar Arhab
- Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62A, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Taylor RW, Haszard JJ, Meredith-Jones KA, Galland BC, Heath ALM, Lawrence J, Gray AR, Sayers R, Hanna M, Taylor BJ. 24-h movement behaviors from infancy to preschool: cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with body composition and bone health. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:118. [PMID: 30477518 PMCID: PMC6260686 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New physical activity guidelines for children address all movement behaviors across the 24-h day (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep), but how each component relates to body composition when adjusted for the compositional nature of 24-h data is uncertain. Aims To i) describe 24-h movement behaviors from 1 to 5 years of age, ii) determine cross-sectional relationships with body mass index (BMI) z-score, iii) determine whether movement behaviors from 1 to 5 years of age predict body composition and bone health at 5 years. Methods 24-h accelerometry data were collected in 380 children over 5–7 days at 1, 2, 3.5 and 5 years of age to determine the proportion of the day spent: sedentary (including wake after sleep onset), in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and asleep (including naps). BMI was determined at each age and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan measured fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) at 5 years of age. 24-h movement data were transformed into isometric log-ratio co-ordinates for multivariable regression analysis and effect sizes back-transformed. Results At age 1, children spent 49.6% of the 24-h day asleep, 38.2% sedentary, 12.1% in LPA, and 0.1% in MVPA, with corresponding figures of 44.4, 33.8, 19.8 and 1.9% at 5 years of age. Compositional time use was only related significantly to BMI z-score at 3.5 years in cross-sectional analyses. A 10% increase in mean sleep time (65 min) was associated with a lower BMI z-score (estimated difference, − 0.25; 95% CI, − 0.42 to − 0.08), whereas greater time spent sedentary (10%, 47 min) or in LPA (10%, 29 min) were associated with higher BMI z-scores (0.12 and 0.08 respectively, both p < 0.05). Compositional time use from 1 to 3.5 years was not related to future BMI z-score or percent fat. Although MVPA at 2 and 3.5 years was consistently associated with higher BMD and BMC at 5 years, actual differences were small. Conclusions Considerable changes in compositional time use occur from 1 to 5 years of age, but there is little association with adiposity. Although early MVPA predicted better bone health, the differences observed had little clinical relevance. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0753-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W Taylor
- Departments of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Departments of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kim A Meredith-Jones
- Departments of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anne-Louise M Heath
- Departments of Human Nutrition, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julie Lawrence
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Departments of Biostatistics Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Sayers
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maha Hanna
- Departments of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barry J Taylor
- Departments of Office of the Dean, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ekelund U, Delisle Nyström C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Löf M, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. Accelerometer Data Collection and Processing Criteria to Assess Physical Activity and Other Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Practical Considerations. Sports Med 2018; 47:1821-1845. [PMID: 28303543 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerometers are widely used to measure sedentary time, physical activity, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and sleep-related behaviors, with the ActiGraph being the most frequently used brand by researchers. However, data collection and processing criteria have evolved in a myriad of ways out of the need to answer unique research questions; as a result there is no consensus. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review was to: (1) compile and classify existing studies assessing sedentary time, physical activity, energy expenditure, or sleep using the ActiGraph GT3X/+ through data collection and processing criteria to improve data comparability and (2) review data collection and processing criteria when using GT3X/+ and provide age-specific practical considerations based on the validation/calibration studies identified. METHODS Two independent researchers conducted the search in PubMed and Web of Science. We included all original studies in which the GT3X/+ was used in laboratory, controlled, or free-living conditions published from 1 January 2010 to the 31 December 2015. RESULTS The present systematic review provides key information about the following data collection and processing criteria: placement, sampling frequency, filter, epoch length, non-wear-time, what constitutes a valid day and a valid week, cut-points for sedentary time and physical activity intensity classification, and algorithms to estimate PAEE and sleep-related behaviors. The information is organized by age group, since criteria are usually age-specific. CONCLUSION This review will help researchers and practitioners to make better decisions before (i.e., device placement and sampling frequency) and after (i.e., data processing criteria) data collection using the GT3X/+ accelerometer, in order to obtain more valid and comparable data. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016039991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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18
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Lee EY, Hesketh KD, Rhodes RE, Rinaldi CM, Spence JC, Carson V. Role of parental and environmental characteristics in toddlers' physical activity and screen time: Bayesian analysis of structural equation models. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:17. [PMID: 29426324 PMCID: PMC5807771 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guided by the Socialization Model of Child Behavior (SMCB), this cross-sectional study examined direct and indirect associations of parental cognitions and behavior, the home and neighborhood environment, and toddlers’ personal attributes with toddlers’ physical activity and screen time. Methods Participants included 193 toddlers (1.6 ± 0.2 years) from the Parents’ Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behavior habits (PREPS) project. Toddlers’ screen time and personal attributes, physical activity- or screen time-specific parental cognitions and behaviors, and the home and neighborhood environment were measured via parental-report using the PREPS questionnaire. Accelerometry-measured physical activity was available in 123 toddlers. Bayesian estimation in structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was performed to test an SMCB hypothesized model. Covariates included toddlers’ age, sex, race/ethnicity, main type of childcare, and family household income. Results In the SMCB hypothesized screen time model, higher parental barrier self-efficacy for limiting toddlers’ screen time was associated with higher parental screen time limiting practices (β = 0.451), while higher parental negative outcome expectations for limiting toddlers’ screen time was associated with lower parental screen time limiting practices (β = − 0.147). In turn, higher parental screen time limiting practices was associated with lower screen time among toddlers (β = − 0.179). Parental modeling of higher screen time was associated with higher screen time among toddlers directly (β = 0.212) and indirectly through the home environment. Specifically, higher screen time among parents was associated with having at least one electronic device in toddlers’ bedrooms (β = 0.146) and, in turn, having electronics in the bedroom, compared to none, was associated with higher screen time among toddlers (β = 0.250). Neighborhood safety was not associated with toddlers’ screen time in the SEM analysis. No significant correlations were observed between the SMCB variables and toddlers’ physical activity; thus, no further analyses were performed for physical activity. Conclusions Parents and their interactions with the home environment may play an important role in shaping toddlers’ screen time. Findings can inform family-based interventions aiming to minimize toddlers’ screen time. Future research is needed to identify correlates of toddlers’ physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Christina M Rinaldi
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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19
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Berglind D, Tynelius P. Objectively measured physical activity patterns, sedentary time and parent-reported screen-time across the day in four-year-old Swedish children. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:69. [PMID: 28764730 PMCID: PMC5540346 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) improves health outcomes accumulating evidence suggests that sedentary time (ST), especially parent-reported screen-time, is associated with negative health outcomes in children. The aim of the present study is to describe levels and patterns of PA and ST across the day and week and activity pattern differences between the sexes, across all weekdays and time spent in and outside the preschool in four-year old children. Methods In total 899 four-year old Swedish children who had both complete questionnaire data on screen-time behaviors and objective activity variables and at least 4 days, including one weekend day, with more than 10 h of GT3X+ Actigraph accelerometer wear time data were included in the study. Patterns of PA and ST across the day and week and differences between sexes, weekdays vs. weekend days and time in preschool vs. time spent outside preschool were assessed. Results Children engaged in 150 min (SD 73) and 102 min (SD 60) of screen-time on weekend days and weekdays, with 97% and 86% of children exceeding the 1 h guideline for screen-time on weekend days and weekdays, respectively. Accelerometer data showed that boys are more active and less sedentary compared with girls and both sexes were more active and less sedentary on weekdays compared with weekend days, while parent-reported data showed that boys engage in more screen-time compared with girls. Children accumulated 24.8 min (SD. 19) MVPA during preschool time and 26.6 min (SD. 16) outside preschool hours on weekdays, compared with 22.4 min (SD. 18) MVPA during preschool time and 25.3 min (SD. 22) outside preschool hours on weekend days. Conclusions Four-year old Swedish children display different activity patterns across the day on weekdays compared to weekend days, with preschool hours during weekdays being the most active segments and preschool hours during weekend days being the least active segments of the day. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4600-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berglind
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johansson E, Larisch LM, Marcus C, Hagströmer M. Calibration and Validation of a Wrist- and Hip-Worn Actigraph Accelerometer in 4-Year-Old Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162436. [PMID: 27617962 PMCID: PMC5019366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To determine time spent at different physical activity intensities, accelerometers need calibration. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate intensity thresholds for the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for wrist and hip placement in four-year-old children. Methods In total 30 children (49 months, SD 3.7) were recruited from five preschools in Stockholm. Equipped with an accelerometer on the wrist and another on the hip, children performed three indoor activities and one free-play session while being video recorded. Subsequently, physical activity intensity levels were coded every 5th second according to the Children’s Activity Rating Scale. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was used to develop wrist and hip intensity thresholds, the upper threshold for sedentary, and lower threshold for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), for the vertical axis (VA) and for the vector magnitude (VM). A leave-one-out method was used to cross-validate the thresholds. Results Intensity thresholds for wrist placement were ≤ 178 (VA) and ≤ 328 (VM) for sedentary and ≥ 871 (VA) and ≥ 1393 (VM) counts/5 seconds for MVPA. The corresponding thresholds for hip placement were ≤ 43 (VA) and ≤ 105 (VM) for sedentary and ≥ 290 (VA) and ≥ 512 (VM) for MVPA. The quadratic weighted Kappa was 0.92 (95% CI 0.91–0.93) (VA) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.94–0.96) (VM) for the wrist-worn accelerometer and 0.76 (98% CI 0.74–0.77) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.85–0.87) for the hip-worn. Conclusion Using wrist placement and the VM when measuring physical activity with accelerometry in 4-year-old children is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa-Marie Larisch
- Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hager ER, Gormley CE, Latta LW, Treuth MS, Caulfield LE, Black MM. Toddler physical activity study: laboratory and community studies to evaluate accelerometer validity and correlates. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:936. [PMID: 27600404 PMCID: PMC5011903 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toddlerhood is an important age for physical activity (PA) promotion to prevent obesity and support a physically active lifestyle throughout childhood. Accurate assessment of PA is needed to determine trends/correlates of PA, time spent in sedentary, light, or moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and the effectiveness of PA promotion programs. Due to the limited availability of objective measures that have been validated and evaluated for feasibility in community studies, it is unclear which subgroups of toddlers are at the highest risk for inactivity. Using Actical ankle accelerometry, the objectives of this study are to develop valid thresholds, examine feasibility, and examine demographic/ anthropometric PA correlates of MVPA among toddlers from low-income families. Methods Two studies were conducted with toddlers (12–36 months). Laboratory Study (n = 24)- Two Actical accelerometers were placed on the ankle. PA was observed using the Child Activity Rating Scale (CARS, prescribed activities). Analyses included device equivalence reliability (correlation: activity counts of two Acticals), criterion-related validity (correlation: activity counts and CARS ratings), and sensitivity/specificity for thresholds. Community Study (n = 277, low-income mother-toddler dyads recruited)- An Actical was worn on the ankle for > 7 days (goal >5, 24-h days). Height/weight was measured. Mothers reported demographics. Analyses included frequencies (feasibility) and stepwise multiple linear regression (sMLR). Results Laboratory Study- Acticals demonstrated reliability (r = 0.980) and validity (r = 0.75). Thresholds demonstrated sensitivity (86 %) and specificity (88 %). Community Study- 86 % wore accelerometer, 69 % had valid data (mean = 5.2 days). Primary reasons for missing/invalid data: refusal (14 %) and wear-time ≤2 days (11 %). The MVPA threshold (>2200 cpm) yielded 54 min/day. In sMLR, MVPA was associated with age (older > younger, β = 32.8, p < 0.001), gender (boys > girls, β = −11.21, p = 0.032), maternal MVPA (β = 0.44, p = 0.002) and recruitment location (suburban > urban, β = 19.6, p < 0.001), or race (non-Black > Black, β = 18.5, p = 0.001). No association with toddler weight status. Conclusions Ankle accelerometry is a valid, reliable, and feasible method of assessing PA in community studies of toddlers from low-income families. Sub-populations of toddlers may be at increased risk for inactivity, including toddlers that are younger, female, Black, those with less active mothers, and those living in an urban location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Candice E Gormley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura W Latta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Family League of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margarita S Treuth
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Caulfield
- Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bingham DD, Costa S, Hinkley T, Shire KA, Clemes SA, Barber SE. Physical Activity During the Early Years: A Systematic Review of Correlates and Determinants. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:384-402. [PMID: 27378255 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Being physically active during the early years (age 0-6 years) is vital for healthy development. Identifying correlates and determinants of physical activity (PA) is crucial to guide effective interventions. This systematic review synthesized studies investigating potential correlates and determinants of PA during the early years, accounting for different types of PA assessment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Nine electronic databases were searched from inception year (1900) until September 2014; data were analyzed/interpreted in April 2015. The following inclusion criteria were used: written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, participants not in statutory/school education, and an observational design investigating associations between an exposure/variable, and a quantitative measure of PA. Correlates/determinants of total, moderate to vigorous, and light PA were reported using an ecologic model. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of 22,045 identified studies, 130 were included. All took place in high-income countries and few (6%) were of high quality. Correlates of total PA were sex (male, ++); parental PA (+); parental support (+); and time outdoors (+). Determinants of total PA were sex (+) and time spent playing with parents (+). The only correlate of moderate to vigorous PA was sex (male, ++). No determinants of moderate to vigorous or light PA were found. PA correlates/determinants were relatively consistent between objective and subjective PA measures. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies investigated potential correlates and determinants of PA, but overall quality was low. A small number of demographic/biological and social/cultural factors were associated with PA. There is a need for high-quality studies exploring correlates/determinants across all domains of the ecologic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bingham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Costa
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Katy A Shire
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
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23
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Reliability and Validity of the Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire (EY-PAQ). Sports (Basel) 2016; 4:sports4020030. [PMID: 29910278 PMCID: PMC5968919 DOI: 10.3390/sports4020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in young children (<5 years) is complex. Objective measures have high validity but require specialist expertise, are expensive, and can be burdensome for participants. A proxy-report instrument for young children that accurately measures PA and ST is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire (EY-PAQ). In a setting where English and Urdu are the predominant languages spoken by parents of young children, a sample of 196 parents and their young children (mean age 3.2 ± 0.8 years) from Bradford, UK took part in the study. A total of 156 (79.6%) questionnaires were completed in English and 40 (20.4%) were completed in transliterated Urdu. A total of 109 parents took part in the reliability aspect of the study, which involved completion of the EY-PAQ on two occasions (7.2 days apart; standard deviation (SD) = 1.1). All 196 participants took part in the validity aspect which involved comparison of EY-PAQ scores against accelerometry. Validty anaylsis used all data and data falling with specific MVPA and ST boundaries. Reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC) and validity by Bland–Altman plots and rank correlation coefficients. The test re-test reliability of the EY-PAQ was moderate for ST (ICC = 0.47) and fair for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)(ICC = 0.35). The EY-PAQ had poor agreement with accelerometer-determined ST (mean difference = −87.5 min·day−1) and good agreement for MVPA (mean difference = 7.1 min·day−1) limits of agreement were wide for all variables. The rank correlation coefficient was non-significant for ST (rho = 0.19) and significant for MVPA (rho = 0.30). The EY-PAQ has comparable validity and reliability to other PA self-report tools and is a promising population-based measure of young children’s habitual MVPA but not ST. In situations when objective methods are not possible for measurement of young children’s MVPA, the EY-PAQ may be a suitable alternative but only if boundaries are applied.
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24
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Bingham DD, Costa S, Clemes SA, Routen AC, Moore HJ, Barber SE. Accelerometer data requirements for reliable estimation of habitual physical activity and sedentary time of children during the early years - a worked example following a stepped approach. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2005-10. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1149605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Iqbal SA, Wallach JD, Khoury MJ, Schully SD, Ioannidis JPA. Reproducible Research Practices and Transparency across the Biomedical Literature. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002333. [PMID: 26726926 PMCID: PMC4699702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing movement to encourage reproducibility and transparency practices in the scientific community, including public access to raw data and protocols, the conduct of replication studies, systematic integration of evidence in systematic reviews, and the documentation of funding and potential conflicts of interest. In this survey, we assessed the current status of reproducibility and transparency addressing these indicators in a random sample of 441 biomedical journal articles published in 2000–2014. Only one study provided a full protocol and none made all raw data directly available. Replication studies were rare (n = 4), and only 16 studies had their data included in a subsequent systematic review or meta-analysis. The majority of studies did not mention anything about funding or conflicts of interest. The percentage of articles with no statement of conflict decreased substantially between 2000 and 2014 (94.4% in 2000 to 34.6% in 2014); the percentage of articles reporting statements of conflicts (0% in 2000, 15.4% in 2014) or no conflicts (5.6% in 2000, 50.0% in 2014) increased. Articles published in journals in the clinical medicine category versus other fields were almost twice as likely to not include any information on funding and to have private funding. This study provides baseline data to compare future progress in improving these indicators in the scientific literature. Examination of recent trends in reproducibility and transparency practices in biomedical research reveals an ongoing lack of access to full datasets and detailed protocols for both clinical and non-clinical studies. There is increasing interest in the scientific community about whether published research is transparent and reproducible. Lack of replication and non-transparency decreases the value of research. Several biomedical journals have started to encourage or require authors to submit detailed protocols, full datasets, and disclose information on funding and potential conflicts of interest. In this study, we investigate the reproducibility and transparency practices across the full spectrum of published biomedical literature from 2000–2014. We identify an ongoing lack of access to full datasets and detailed protocols for both clinical and non-clinical biomedical investigation. We also map the availability of information on funding and conflicts of interest in this literature. The results from this study provide baseline data to compare future progress in improving these indicators in the scientific literature. We believe that this information may be essential to sensitize stakeholders in science about the need for improving reproducibility and transparency practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen A Iqbal
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joshua D Wallach
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Muin J Khoury
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sheri D Schully
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Borkhoff CM, Heale LD, Anderson LN, Tremblay MS, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Birken CS. Objectively measured physical activity of young Canadian children using accelerometry. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1302-8. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers and determine the proportion meeting Canadian age-specific PA guidelines. Ninety children (47 girls, 43 boys; mean age 32 (range, 4–70) months) attending scheduled health supervision visits and in the TARGet Kids! (The Applied Research Group for Kids) cohort wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days. Participants with 4 or more valid days were included in the analysis. Time, in mean minutes per day (min/day), spent sedentary and in light PA, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA was determined using published cut-points; age groups were compared using ANOVA. Twenty-three percent of children <18 months (n = 28) and 76% of children aged 18–59 months (n = 45) met the guideline of 180 min/day of total PA; 13% of children ≥60 months (n = 17) met the guideline of 60 min/day of MVPA. Children <18 months spent more of their waking time per day engaged in sedentary behaviours (79%; ∼7.3 h) compared with children aged 18–59 months (63%; ∼6.6 h) and children ≥60 months (58%; ∼6.6 h). In conclusion, most children aged 18–59 months met the Canadian PA guidelines for children aged 0–4 years, whereas few younger than 18 months met the same guidelines. Only 13% of children ≥5 years met their age-specific PA guidelines. Further research is needed to develop, test, and implement effective strategies to promote PA and reduce sedentary behaviour in very young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Borkhoff
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Liane D. Heale
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Laura N. Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- The Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO), Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jonathon L. Maguire
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Patricia C. Parkin
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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The objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 2-3 year olds and their parents: a cross-sectional feasibility study in the bi-ethnic Born in Bradford cohort. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1109. [PMID: 26556469 PMCID: PMC4641382 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The reported lower physical activity (PA) levels of British South Asians (SA) are suggested as a key influence in their increased risk of non-communicable diseases compared to their White British peers. Differences in objectively measured PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) between these ethnic groups have been observed during childhood (ages: 8–10 years). However, no information exists on objectively measured PA/SB in younger children, or how early in life differences in these behaviours emerge. Assessing PA/SB in the Born in Bradford (BIB) cohort study provides an opportunity to address such gaps in the literature, but previous studies have found recruiting and retaining SA participants challenging, and the feasibility of using accelerometers with SA children and parents is unknown. This study investigated the feasibility of recruiting and objectively measuring the habitual PA/SB of 2–3 year old SA and White British children and parents from the BIB study. Methods Families were informed about the study during routine BIB assessments. Consenting families were visited at home for anthropometry measurements, interviews, material delivery and collection. Participants (child and parents) were instructed to wear the ActiGraph GT3X+ for 8 days. Descriptive statistics were computed, and ethnic differences tested (Chi-square) for recruitment uptake and compliance. Results 160 families (30 % SA) provided contact details, and 97 (22 % SA) agreed to enter the study. White British families showed lower refusal and higher intake into the study than SA (p = 0.006). Of 89 children issued with an accelerometer, 34 % complied with the 8-day protocol (significantly less SA; p = 0.015) and 75 % provided enough days (≥3) to assess habitual PA/SB (no ethnic differences). Parental rates of compliance with the protocol did not differ between ethnicities. Issues experienced with the protocol and accelerometer use, and successful implementation strategies/procedures are presented. Conclusions Although greater efforts may be required to recruit SA, those consenting to participate were as likely as White British to provide enough data to assess habitual PA/SB. The issues and successful strategies reported in this feasibility study represent valuable information for planning future studies, and enhance recruitment and compliance with accelerometer protocols in SA and White British toddlers and parents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2481-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Prevalence of sedentary behavior in children under 2years: A systematic review. Prev Med 2015; 78:105-14. [PMID: 26231111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior has negative health outcomes, evident even in young children. Identifying the prevalence of sedentary behavior in children <2years is important for determining the necessity for intervention strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of sedentary behavior in children <2years. Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Education Research Complete electronic databases were searched, as were reference lists of included articles and the authors' own collections. Inclusion criteria were: published in a peer-reviewed English language journal; mean age of children <2years; and a reported measure of the prevalence of sedentary behavior. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used parent-reported screen time as the sedentary behavior measure; only one study reported time spent restrained (i.e., kept inactive) and no studies reported objectively assessed sedentary time. Estimates of young children's screen time ranged from 36.6 to 330.9min/day. The proportion of children meeting the zero screen time recommendation ranged from 2.3% to 83.0%. In conclusion, very little is known about sedentary behaviors other than screen time in this age group. Although highly variable, findings suggest that children are already engaging in high levels of screen time by age 2 and the majority exceed current recommendations.
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