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Frehlich L, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker PK, McCormack GR. Neighbourhood walkability and greenspace and their associations with health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults. Prev Med 2024; 184:107998. [PMID: 38735586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscular strength and body composition are important components of health-related fitness (HRF). Grip strength and body fat percent, in particular, are associated with chronic disease and affected by health behaviours. Evidence suggests relationships between the neighbourhood built environment (BE) and HRF exist, however, few studies have focused on grip strength and body fat percent. Therefore, our study aimed to estimate the sex-specific associations between the neighbourhood BE, grip strength, and body fat percent among urban-dwelling Canadian adults. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional survey and HRF data collected in 2011-2015 from 4052 males and 7841 females (Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada). Grip strength and body fat percent were measured via handgrip dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Walkability (Canadian Active Living Index) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) estimates were linked to participant data. Sex-stratified covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between the BE and HRF variables. RESULTS Walkability was negatively associated with grip strength and body fat percent in males (β -0.21, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.11 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.02, respectively) and females (β -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10 to -0.01 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.02, respectively). Greenness was positively associated with grip strength in males (β 6.99, 95%CI: 3.62 to 10.36) and females (β 2.72, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.22) but not with body fat percent. Controlling for physical activity and sitting did not attenuate these associations. CONCLUSION Characteristics of the neighbourhood BE appear to be associated with muscular strength and body composition, independent of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Frehlich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Levinger P, Dreher BL, Dow B, Batchelor F, Hill KD. Older people's views and usage of recreational spaces in parks with age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38628030 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2342021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recreational spaces are important public spaces for people of all ages to engage in leisure and physical activities, however older people remain one of the lowest users of park. This study investigated older people's perceptions and reasons for visiting parks that have undergone refurbishment with the installation of age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment, the Seniors Exercise Park. On-site intercept surveys took place in six parks in Victoria, Australia. Seniors Exercise Park equipment usage was audited over 12 months using on-site Quick Response (QR). A total of 139 older people were surveyed, 55.4% reported visiting to exercise, 25.9% for walking and 21.5% for fresh air/nature. Proximity to home/family (37.4%) and the availability of the Seniors Exercise Park equipment (36.7%) were the main reasons for visiting these parks. The availability of age-suitable exercise equipment in recreational spaces can support and encourage older people to access local parks and engage in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn L Dreher
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Prasetyo YT, Cahigas MML, Patrick E, Rodney M, Nadlifatin R, Persada SF. Indonesian martial artists' preferences in martial arts schools: Sustaining business competitiveness through conjoint analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301229. [PMID: 38578778 PMCID: PMC10997075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The popularity of martial arts in the present times has become apparent, therefore, it is necessary to explore martial artists' preferences and the schools' competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to assess martial artists' preferences concerning the services offered by martial arts schools. Conjoint analysis was utilized to analyze the responses of fifty-five (55) martial artists based on the seven (7) martial arts schools' attributes. The results showed that the type of martial arts was found to be the most important attribute (30.449%) followed by distance (27.970%), price range (22.706%), social environment (11.097%), class preference (5.080%), goal (1.562%), and schedule (1.135%). Furthermore, Muay Thai or Kickboxing was the most preferred martial art, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) was the second priority, next was Taekwondo, then Karate, and finally Boxing. In addition, the martial artists' preferred distance was less than 8 km, and a monthly training cost of 150,000 to 450,000 IDR (10 to 20 USD). Martial artists liked attending open classes, treated martial arts as a hobby, and favored attending classes once or twice weekly. With the lack of conjoint-related studies in the martial arts industry, the findings contributed to academicians and addressed issues of inadequate studies. Most importantly, the researchers presented managerial implications to leverage marketing techniques and develop the business operations of martial arts schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogi Tri Prasetyo
- International Bachelor Program in Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Maela Madel L. Cahigas
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapua University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eugene Patrick
- Department of International Business Engineering, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Michael Rodney
- Department of International Business Engineering, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reny Nadlifatin
- Department of Information Systems, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Satria Fadil Persada
- Entrepreneurship Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Jansson AK, Duncan MJ, Bauman A, Smith JJ, Lubans DR, Attia J, Plotnikoff RC. A Mobile Health Resistance Training Intervention Using Outdoor Gym Equipment: Process Evaluation of the Ecofit Effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:405-412. [PMID: 38335945 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few mobile health resistance-based physical activity interventions have targeted community-dwelling adults. "Ecofit" is a multicomponent intervention that promotes resistance and aerobic activities using smartphone technology, outdoor gyms, and social support. This study evaluated process evaluation outcomes of the ecofit randomized controlled trial: (1) the acceptability and usability of the ecofit smartphone app and app user workouts; (2) perceptions of factors influencing outdoor gym use; and (3) the fidelity, reach, recruitment, and dose received of the ecofit program. METHODS Process data were collected through program evaluation surveys at 3 months, and app usage data were collected via the intervention platform for up to 3 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The survey was completed by 57% (n = 69) of eligible participants. The majority (93%) believed the app provided them with sufficient information to perform muscle-strengthening activities. Approximately half (51%) agreed that the goal-setting function encouraged them to complete their workouts, and 42% agreed that the self-assessment helped them monitor progress. "Proximity" to outdoor gyms emerged as the most important factor for choosing locations to workout (mean = 5.5, SD = 1.1). Participants logged a median of 5.5 (interquartile range = 19) workouts and 1 (interquartile range = 1) upper- and lower-body muscular fitness self-assessment. CONCLUSIONS The ecofit app provided participants with sufficient skills to perform unsupervised resistance training exercises using mobile health. Only half of the participants regarded self-assessments and goal setting as useful, suggesting a need for modifications to how these are implemented. Mobile health remains a promising delivery platform to promote unsupervised resistance training, although more research is needed to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Jansson
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Espeso-García A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Abelleira-Lamela T, González-Gálvez N. The Effect of Resistance Training with Outdoor Fitness Equipment on the Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Physical Health of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:726. [PMID: 38610148 PMCID: PMC11011249 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of outdoor-fitness-equipment-based resistance training on the health parameters of middle-aged and older adults, as well as analyzing the effect of age on the results found. A total of 149 volunteers were randomly assigned to the training (TG) and control (CG) groups. The TG performed two weekly sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks using outdoor fitness equipment, while the CG continued with their regular daily activities. Body composition was measured using DXA, and the maximal isometric voluntary contraction in knee extension, elbow flexion, and hand grip were assessed, along with the 4 m walk test, the Timed Up and Go Test, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire. The TG showed a significant increase in the lean mass index (p = 0.002) and maximal isometric voluntary contraction in both legs (p < 0.001) and arms (p < 0.001), as well as in physical functioning (p < 0.001) and the role physical dimension (p = 0.006) of the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, compared to the CG, which showed a decrease in all these variables. In addition, the TG showed a greater decrease in fat mass (p < 0.001), fat mass index (p = 0.003), and the Timed Up and Go Test (p < 0.001) than the CG. Age conditioned the evolution of most of the variables analyzed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resistance training with outdoor fitness equipment may be useful for improving the health of middle-aged and older adults, although age is a factor that could influence the adaptations found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
- Centro de Investigación para el Bienestar y la Inclusión Social (CIBIS Research Center), SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group (PRELEDE), Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomás Abelleira-Lamela
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group (PRELEDE), Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Frehlich L, Turin TC, Doyle-Baker PK, Lang JJ, McCormack GR. Mediation analysis of the associations between neighbourhood walkability and greenness, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadians. Prev Med 2024; 178:107792. [PMID: 38052331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate sex-specific associations (total, direct, and indirect effects) between objectively measured neighbourhood walkability and greenness and objectively measured physical activity and health-related fitness including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in Canadian adults. METHODS Neighbourhood walkability (Canadian Active Living Environment) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) data were linked to cardiorespiratory (i.e., submaximal step test estimated V̇O2 max) and muscular fitness (i.e., handgrip strength) and accelerometer measured physical activity; Canadian Health Measures Survey). Covariate-adjusted sex-stratified path analyses was conducted to assess if physical activity (light: LPA; moderate: MPA, and; vigorous: VPA) mediated the associations between neighbourhood walkability, NDVI and health-related fitness. Model sample sizes ranged from 987 to 2796 for males and 989 to 2835 for females. RESULTS Among males, we found indirect effects between neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness via LPA (negative) and VPA (positive). We also found a total effect (negative) between neighbourhood walkability and grip strength and indirect effects between neighbourhood walkability and handgrip strength via LPA (negative) and MPA (negative). Among females, we found a total effect (positive) and direct effect (positive) between neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness, and an indirect effect for neighbourhood walkability and cardiorespiratory fitness via LPA. We found no significant effects related to neighbourhood greenness. CONCLUSIONS Residing in a neighbourhood with higher walkability may positively affect cardiorespiratory fitness but negatively affect muscular strength. The negative associations between neighbourhood walkability and LPA may offset potential positive associations between neighbourhood walkability and MPA and VPA and their subsequent influence on health-related fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Frehlich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; School of Architecture, Landscape and Planning, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; School of Architecture, Landscape and Planning, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Sports Science, Waseda University, Japan
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Leadbetter B, Sénéchal M, Seaman K, Bouchard DR. Resistance Training on an Outdoor Exercise Structure Improves Lower-Body Relative Strength in Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241232552. [PMID: 38370580 PMCID: PMC10874140 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241232552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving relative strength is important for maintaining functionality with age, and outdoor exercise structures could be useful to facilitate this. A total of 29 adults aged 65+ participated in a non-randomized crossover study with a 6-week control followed by a 6-week resistance training intervention on an outdoor exercise structure (3x/week). Relative strength (predicted maximal leg press/lower body lean mass [Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry]) and physical function variables were measured at baseline, post-control, and post-intervention. Represented as median (25th-75th), lower body relative strength improved from 7.91 (7.01-9.35) post-control to 8.50 (7.99-9.72) post-intervention (p = .002) in study completers (n = 17). Maximum leg press (p = .002), 30-second chair stand (p < .001), one-leg stance (p = .011), and maximum chest press (p = .009) also improved significantly during the intervention. There were no significant changes in aerobic activity, grip strength, lean mass, or muscle power. This study demonstrates that there could be potential relative strength benefits associated with the use of outdoor exercise structures in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Leadbetter
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (CELLAB), Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (CELLAB), Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Ken Seaman
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Danielle R. Bouchard
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory (CELLAB), Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Espeso-García A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Abelleira-Lamela T, Esparza-Ros F, González-Gálvez N. Physical and psychological effects of outdoor fitness equipment training on middle-aged and older adults: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001829. [PMID: 38169819 PMCID: PMC10759096 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This project will investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) programme on health parameters in healthy community-dwelling middle and older adults, corresponding to the present paper to the study protocol, which follows a single-blind randomised controlled trial design. The training intervention will involve participation in an OFE programme implemented over 8 weeks, two sessions/week. Rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, training volume and adherence to the exercise programme will be registered each session. The control group will not receive any structured exercise programme. Blinded examiners will evaluate before and after the training programme muscle strength with both maximum knee extension and elbow flexion isometric tests, handgrip strength test and five time sit-to-stand test; cardiovascular fitness with 400-metre walking test; postural stability with the balance tests of the short physical performance battery (SPPB) battery; dynamic balance with Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; functional performance by gait speed, TUG and SPPB battery; blood pressure; and sagittal spine disposition and pelvic tilt. Information will also be collected about demographic characteristics, health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet questionnaires. After that, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and fracture risk will be calculated. The results derived from this research will increase the knowledge of the effectiveness of OFE training for improving the health of healthy community-dwelling middle and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- CIBIS Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almeria, Almeria, Andalucía, Spain
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Esparza-Ros
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
- International Chair of Kineanthropometry, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Espeso-García A, Abelleira-Lamela T, Machado DRL. Optimizing outdoor fitness equipment training for older adults: Benefits and future directions for healthy aging. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112279. [PMID: 37611645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is vital for the health and disease prevention of older adults. Outdoor fitness equipment has gained popularity for natural exercise spaces among middle-aged and older individuals. This narrative review demonstrates that these programs have the potential to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and reduce falls, while also enhancing quality of life, alleviating depression and anxiety, and boosting self-esteem. However, our understanding is hindered by limited rigorous experimental studies. Future directions include implementing standardized measurements, conducting long-term studies, and addressing equipment limitations to enable better adjustment of training intensity and promote correct postures on machines. New, more rigorous research is needed to comprehensively understand the psychophysiological and social effects on health. Additionally, suggested modifications could render the machines more effective and safer. The primary objective is to enhance this type of machinery to encourage its use in outdoor spaces, thus aiding adults and older individuals in achieving overall health and enjoying a healthy aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group, Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Tomás Abelleira-Lamela
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group, Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of Sao Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; School of Education and Communication, Algarve University, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Plotnikoff RC, Jansson AK, Duncan MJ, Smith JJ, Bauman A, Attia J, Lubans DR. mHealth to Support Outdoor Gym Resistance Training: The ecofit Effectiveness RCT. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:853-864. [PMID: 36804197 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Australia, 45% of adults meet the aerobic recommendations, and only 9%-30% meet the resistance training guidelines. Given the lack of at-scale community-based interventions promoting resistance training, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of an innovative mHealth intervention on upper- and lower-body muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and social-cognitive mediators among a sample of community-dwelling adults. STUDY DESIGN Researchers evaluated the community-based ecofit intervention using a cluster RCT from September 2019 to March 2022 in 2 regional municipalities of New South Wales, Australia. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Researchers recruited a sample of 245 participants (72% female, aged 53.4±13.9 years) who were randomized to the ecofit intervention group (n=122) or waitlist control (n=123) group. INTERVENTION The intervention group received access to a smartphone application with standardized workouts tailored to 12 outdoor gym locations and an introductory session. Participants were encouraged to perform at least 2 ecofit workouts per week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. The coprimary muscular fitness outcomes were evaluated using the 90-degree push-up and the 60-second sit-to-stand test. Intervention effects were estimated using linear mixed models accounting for group-level clustering (participants could enroll in groups of up to 4). Statistical analysis was conducted in April 2022. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in upper (1.4 repetitions, 95% CI=0.3, 2.6, p=0.018) and lower (2.6 repetitions, 95% CI=0.4, 4.8, p=0.020) body muscular fitness at 9 months but not at 3 months. Increases in self-reported resistance training, resistance training self-efficacy, and implementation intention for resistance training were statistically significant at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSION This study has shown that a mHealth intervention promoting resistance training using the built environment can improve muscular fitness, physical activity behavior, and related cognitions in a community sample of adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was preregistered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619000868189).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.
| | - Anna K Jansson
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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Augustin J, Andrees V, Walsh D, Reintjes R, Koller D. Spatial Aspects of Health-Developing a Conceptual Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1817. [PMID: 36767185 PMCID: PMC9914219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies and models address the determinants of health. However, in existing models, the spatial aspects of the determinants are not or only marginally taken into account and a theoretical discussion of the association between space and the determinants of health is missing. The aim of this paper is to generate a framework that can be used to place the determinants of health in a spatial context. A screening of the current first serves to identify the relevant determinants and describes the current state of knowledge. In addition, spatial scales that are important for the spatial consideration of health were developed and discussed. Based on these two steps, the conceptual framework on the spatial determinants of health was derived and subsequently discussed. The results show a variety of determinants that are associated with health from a spatial point of view. The overarching categories are global driving forces, policy and governance, living and physical environment, socio-demographic and economic conditions, healthcare services and cultural and working conditions. Three spatial scales (macro, meso and micro) are further subdivided into six levels, such as global (e.g., continents), regional (e.g., council areas) or neighbourhood (e.g., communities). The combination of the determinants and spatial scales are presented within a conceptual framework as a result of this work. Operating mechanisms and pathways between the spatial levels were added schematically. This is the first conceptual framework that links the determinants of health with the spatial perspective. It can form the working basis for future analyses in which spatial aspects of health are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobst Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Andrees
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Walsh
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow G40 2QH, UK
| | - Ralf Reintjes
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 20999 Hamburg, Germany
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniela Koller
- IBE—Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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The effect of local neighbourhood park redevelopments on park visitations and user physical activity levels: a pe–post test evaluation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Leavy JE, Jancey J, Crawford G. Build and they will come: A follow-up evaluation of outdoor exercise equipment in Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 33 Suppl 1:334-339. [PMID: 35262244 PMCID: PMC9790546 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED In Australia, the role of local governments authorities (LGAs) are diverse, ranging from waste collection to the provision of recreational facilities, such as parks. One strategy to improve parks is outdoor exercise equipment (OEE), and provide free, community-based physical activity opportunities. We undertook an observational study to capture a profile and behaviour of park visitors and OEE users in 2012 and 2019. METHODS We compared observational data at two parks using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) in March and June 2012 and 2019. Data were collected 6:30-7:30 AM and 5:30-6:30 PM weekdays; 8:30-9:30 AM and 3:30 to 4:30 PM weekends. Two trained staff collected data concurrently. RESULTS Total n = 1654 visitors were observed, most at Park One (68.0%; n = 1117), half were male (50.9%; n = 841). There were significant differences in the gender of visitors across the two parks (P < 0.001). Most visitors observed were young adults (42.6%; n = 705; P < 0.001). In 2012, 3.9% (n = 65) of all observed park visitors used the OEE, in 2019, this increased to 4.8 % (n = 78). CONCLUSIONS The adage 'Build it, and they will come' did not resonate with the two parks' local community. The key challenge is attracting people to local parks making OEE use attractive and easy. SO WHAT?: There is a demand for the provision of active environments that are accessible and inexpensive. LGAs may hold the key to delivering this infrastructure supported by diverse strategies to engage and promote the benefits of being physically active for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E. Leavy
- School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among adults: An overview of reviews from high income countries. Health Place 2022; 77:102874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abu-Omar K, Messing S, Tcymbal A, Fleuren T, Richardson D, Whiting S, Gelius P, Wickramasinghe K. A proposed checklist for climate-friendly sport and exercise programmes. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:i44-i49. [PMID: 36031818 PMCID: PMC9421404 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fighting the climate crisis is the greatest challenge of our time and will touch all aspects of people's lives. In this context, the United Nations (UN) have called on the sport sector to reduce its negative impacts on the environment and show 'climate leadership'. While some efforts have already been made with regards to mega sport events, there is still a dearth of approaches on limiting the climate impact of recreational sport and exercise programmes. METHODS Based on the UN-Framework 'Sports for Climate Action', literature reviews and additional desk research, a checklist to support local level stakeholders in providing climate-friendly sport and exercise programmes was developed. RESULTS The proposed checklist consists of five dimensions that need to be considered when designing and offering a climate-friendly sport and exercise programme: (i) active transport to exercise programmes, (ii) the carbon footprint of different types of exercises, (iii) low carbon sport clothing and equipment, (iv) instructors as champions for climate action and (v) advertising and communication. These five dimensions result in a 16-item checklist that supports the planning, advertising, implementation and evaluation of climate-friendly sport and exercise programmes. CONCLUSIONS The proposed checklist intends to facilitate the development of climate-friendly sport and exercise programmes. However, additional work is needed to test the implementation of the checklist at the local level. While the sport sector can make its own contributions to reduce its climate impact, intersectoral action is needed to improve infrastructure for active transport and to build sustainable sport facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abu-Omar
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Messing
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonina Tcymbal
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Fleuren
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Richardson
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Whiting
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation.,EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Gelius
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Fröberg A. The COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of physical activity among faculty members. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1597-1600. [PMID: 33048633 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1817037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed serious challenge to societies worldwide. To prevent person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus and avoid associated morbidity and mortality, several public health measures have been introduced by various health organizations and authorities, such as social distancing policies and quarantine. While necessary, these public health measures are likely to have implications for people's physical activity behaviors. This viewpoint is intended for faculty members and focus on the importance of physical activity for health. Suggestions on how to stay physically active during the COVID-19 pandemic are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports science. Biol Sport 2022; 39:463-471. [PMID: 35309539 PMCID: PMC8919872 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the reviews carried out in sports science have used the general items suggested by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Due to the specific requirements of each knowledge area, several modifications of the PRISMA are necessary to optimize the process of the systematic reviews and, in consequence, the quality of the conclusions provided in this type of study. Therefore, this work aimed to adapt PRISMA to provide specific guidelines to carry out systematic reviews in sports science. The methodology criteria (search strategy, databases, and eligibility) and the results section (flow diagrams and study contents) were adapted based on previous studies, and several new considerations were added to design the new guidelines. We compiled 28 items suggested by sports science researchers and included two new items: (i) population/problem (i.e., age, level, and country) and (ii) the entire training process, which is monitored and compared between groups (e.g., total training load). To maximize the benefit of this document, we encourage people to read it in conjunction with the PRISMA statement. The main differences between PRISMA and the PRISMA adapted to sports science were related to registration, search strategy, flow diagrams, and results. Application of the new guidelines could improve the information provided to readers and make it easier to generalize and compare the results in sports science.
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18
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Edney SM, Park SH, Tan L, Chua XH, Dickens BSL, Rebello SA, Petrunoff N, Müller AM, Tan CS, Müller-Riemenschneider F, van Dam RM. Advancing understanding of dietary and movement behaviours in an Asian population through real-time monitoring: Protocol of the Continuous Observations of Behavioural Risk Factors in Asia study (COBRA). Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221110534. [PMID: 35795338 PMCID: PMC9251970 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including eating an unhealthy diet and being physically inactive, are influenced by complex and dynamic interactions between people and their social and physical environment. Therefore, understanding patterns and determinants of these risk factors as they occur in real life is essential to enable the design of precision public health interventions. Objective This paper describes the protocol for the Continuous Observations of Behavioural Risk Factors in Asia study (COBRA). The study uses real-time data capture methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of eating and movement behaviours, including how these differ by socio-demographic characteristics and are shaped by people's interaction with their social and physical environment. Methods COBRA is an observational study in free-living conditions. We will recruit 1500 adults aged 21-69 years from a large prospective cohort study. Real-time data capture methods will be used for nine consecutive days: an ecological momentary assessment app with a global positioning system enabled to collect location data, accelerometers to measure movement, and wearable sensors to monitor blood glucose levels. Participants receive six EMA surveys per day between 8 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. to capture information on behavioural risk factors including eating behaviours and diet composition movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep), and related contextual factors. The second wave of ecological momentary assessment surveys with a global positioning system enabled will be sent 6 months later. Data will be analysed using generalised linear models to examine associations between behavioural risk factors and contextual determinants. Discussion Findings from this study will advance our understanding of dietary and movement behaviours as they occur in real-life and inform the development of personalised interventions to prevent chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martine Edney
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Borame Sue Lee Dickens
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salome A Rebello
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nick Petrunoff
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Matthias Müller
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheun Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Epidemiology, Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Descriptive epidemiology of outdoor gym use in an Australian regional setting. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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20
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Outdoor Fitness Equipment Intervention in Achieving Fitness Goals for Seniors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312508. [PMID: 34886234 PMCID: PMC8657271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the popularity of outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) in public spaces with the aim of increasing physical activity (PA), very little research has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the equipment’s use, especially for achieving the target fitness goal. This study designed an OFE training protocol incorporating four modalities of PA: endurance (air walker and ski machine), resistance (rowing machine and bonny rider), flexibility (arm stretch and shoulder wheel), and balance exercise (waist twister). Seniors who completed the protocol demonstrated that for endurance training, participants were at moderate intensity from heart rate and perceived exertion, while significantly improving cardiac endurance in the two min step test. For resistance/flexibility/balance interventions, only the handgrip strength test, the 30 s chair stand test, the right-hand shoulder flexion test, the right-hand shoulder horizontal abduction test, the single-leg stance test, and the eyes open foam surface clinical test for sensory balance were significant, using a repeated measure analysis of variance. The results demonstrated that older adults aim for the OFE target for specific fitness goals can reach moderate intensity and improve their cardiorespiratory endurance. Yet, results for resistance/flexibility/balance are inconclusive. More studies are needed to carefully assess the effectiveness of using OFE.
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21
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Impact of Outdoor Gyms on Adults' Participation in Physical Activity: A Natural Experiment in Chile. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1412-1418. [PMID: 34662854 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low levels of physical activity have slightly decreased globally, the need to reverse the physical inactivity remains urgent. One approach has been the installation of outdoor gyms (OGs). METHOD A natural experiment arose from the installation of OGs in different neighborhoods of the city of Temuco, Chile. Baseline measurements were collected between 2006 and 2017 in a cohort of adults participating in the Prospective Urban & Rural Epidemiology study. Physical activity was assessed with the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and time-varying covariates was assessed every 3 years. The multistage hierarchical, nested sampling process and the follow-up assessments led to data correlated at different levels, thus the authors analyzed the data using a logistic multilevel model. RESULT 2463 urban adults from 16 neighborhoods, with an average age of 51.7 (9.8) years (67% female), were included. Having an adequate number of OGs improved the odds of complying with the World Health Organization's recommendations (adjusted odds ratio = 4.64, 3.95-5.45). In addition, being male (odds ratio = 1.53, 1.32-1.77) and under the age of 60 years (odds ratio = 0.83, 0.71-0.97) were associated with being physically active. CONCLUSION The presence of more OGs can have a positive impact on physical activity recommendations.
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22
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Bergmann GG, Streb AR, Ferrari M, Alves DCC, Soares BAC, Ferreira GD, Pinheiro ES. The use of outdoor gyms is associated with women and low-income people: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2020; 190:16-22. [PMID: 33326889 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, and the demographic, socio-economic, and health correlates to Outdoor Gyms (OGs) use for adults from a southern Brazilian city. STUDY DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 431 adults (66.8% women) aged 18-87 years living in the surroundings of four OGs distributed in different regions of the city were randomly selected. Information about OG use for physical activity (PA) practice, and demographic, socio-economic, and health variables were collected by household interviews. Associations between independent variables and OG use were analyzed with results expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS About one-third of participants (30.4%; 95% CI: 26.1-34.7) informed using OGs for PA practice, and 20.4% (95% CI 16.8-24.4) informed using it twice or more times a week (≥2x/week). Adjusted analysis indicated that the OG use ≥2x/week is higher for women (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.11-3.35) and for those with lower family income (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.03-4.13) than men and those with higher family income, respectively. CONCLUSION About 30% of the population uses OGs for PA practice. Women and low-income people are those who more commonly use OGs for PA practice. The installation of these facilities in public spaces may reduce social inequities related to leisure-time PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Bergmann
- Departament of Sports, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPEL, RS, Brazil.
| | - A R Streb
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, SC, Brazil
| | - M Ferrari
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, RS, Brazil
| | - D C C Alves
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, RS, Brazil
| | - B A C Soares
- Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, RS, Brazil
| | - G D Ferreira
- Departament of Sports, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPEL, RS, Brazil
| | - E S Pinheiro
- Departament of Sports, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPEL, RS, Brazil
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Foresight for the Fitness Sector: Results from a European Delphi Study and Its Relevance in the Time of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238941. [PMID: 33271932 PMCID: PMC7730891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The fitness sector is an essential player in the promotion of physical activity and healthy behaviour in Europe. However, the sector is confronted with numerous socio-demographic trends that will shape its ability to be financially successful and contribute to public health. The sector must understand current drivers of change and the skills its workforce needs to navigate them. As such, using the results of a 2019 Delphi Survey of over 50 fitness experts from 26 countries, we aim to define the drivers of change facing the sector and identify the skills needed by the fitness workforce to navigate these changes. We find that several technological, social, health and economic trends affect the sector. As a result, so-called soft skills such as communication or customer service, along with digital technology skills, are becoming increasingly important. There is also growing recognition that fitness professionals need to be trained to work with a number of special populations. Furthermore, we argue that many of the trends identified here—such as the increasing use of technology or the focus on individual customer needs—have been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude by arguing that well-developed, pan-European qualifications are needed to address these common issues.
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Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Smith JJ, Wiesner GH. The epidemiology of muscle-strengthening exercise in Europe: A 28-country comparison including 280,605 adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242220. [PMID: 33237930 PMCID: PMC7688125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle-strengthening exercise (use of weight machines, free weights, push-ups, sit-ups), has multiple independent health benefits, and is a component of the Global physical activity guidelines. However, there is currently a lack of multi-country muscle-strengthening exercise prevalence studies. This study describes the prevalence and correlates of muscle-strengthening exercise across multiple European countries. METHODS Data were drawn from the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2 (2013-14), which included nationally representative samples (n = 3,774-24,016) from 28 European countries. Muscle-strengthening exercise was assessed using the European Health Interview Survey Physical Activity Questionnaire. Population-weighted proportions were calculated for (1) "insufficient" (0-1 days/week) or (2) "sufficient" muscle-strengthening exercise (≥2 days/week). Prevalence ratios were calculated using multivariate Poisson regression for those reporting sufficient muscle-strengthening by country and by sociodemographic/lifestyle characteristics (sex, age, education, income, self-rated health etc.). RESULTS Data were available for 280,605 European adults aged ≥18 years. Overall, 17.3% (95% CI = 17.1%-17.5%) reported sufficient muscle-strengthening exercise (≥2 days/week). Muscle-strengthening exercise was geographically patterned with the lowest prevalence reported in South-eastern European countries (Romania, Malta and Cyprus: range: 0.7%-7.4%), and the highest prevalence in the Nordic countries (Iceland, Sweden, and Denmark: range: 34.1%-51.6%). Older age, insufficient aerobic activity, poorer self-rated health, lower income/education, being female, and being overweight/obese were significantly associated with lower likelihood of reporting sufficient muscle-strengthening exercise, independently of other characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Most European adults do not report sufficient muscle-strengthening exercise, and prevalence estimates varied considerably across countries. Low participation in muscle-strengthening exercise is widespread across Europe, and warrants public health attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Bennie
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ PALs), Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ PALs), Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen H. Wiesner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
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Placement of Outdoor Exercise Equipment and Physical Activity: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Two Parks in Southern California. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072605. [PMID: 32290320 PMCID: PMC7178161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the burden of chronic disease, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded the Orange County Partnerships to Improve Health (OC-PICH) project in Orange County, California. One of the strategies included adding outdoor exercise equipment (OEE) in two parks in Garden Grove and Anaheim. Using a quasi-experimental pre-post design, we evaluated park users’ physical activity levels before and after OEE installation using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). The OEE was installed along a walking path in Edison Park (Anaheim) and grouped within a single area (a “fitness zone”) in Garden Grove Park. In both parks, there were significantly greater odds of high-intensity physical activity overall after the installation—19% higher odds in Anaheim, and 23% higher odds in Garden Grove. However, the fitness zone area in Garden Grove had substantially higher odds of increased physical activity post-intervention (OR = 5.29, CI: 3.76–7.44, p < 0.001). While the increases in physical activity levels are consistent with past studies that link OEE to higher levels of physical activity among park users, our findings also suggest that the location and placement of equipment within a park may be an important factor to consider when improving park amenities for physical activity.
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Jansson AK, Lubans DR, Smith JJ, Duncan MJ, Bauman A, Attia J, Robards SL, Plotnikoff RC. Integrating smartphone technology, social support and the outdoor built environment to promote community-based aerobic and resistance-based physical activity: Rationale and study protocol for the ' ecofit' randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 16:100457. [PMID: 31737798 PMCID: PMC6849073 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of numerous chronic diseases, and improve bone density and mental health. Yet, only 50% of Australian adults meet the aerobic physical activity guidelines and 9–19% meet the resistance-based physical activity guidelines. The aim of this study is to enhance community-based aerobic and resistance-based physical activity through the use of publicly available outdoor exercise equipment, social support and smartphone technology. Research design and methods The ecofit intervention will be evaluated using a two-arm randomized controlled trial. A total of 240 adults (aged 18–80) will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the ecofit intervention or a ‘wait-list’ control group. Both groups will have access to the two types of outdoor park exercise equipment, but the intervention group will be given access to the purpose-built ecofit app and a 90-min introductory group training session. To promote social support, participants can enrol in a group of up to four individuals and access the ecofit Facebook group. The ecofit app include workout plans that can be tailored to different locations, difficulty levels and workout-types (i.e., resistance-only or combined resistance and aerobic workouts). Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3- (primary-end point) and 9-months follow-up. The primary outcomes are upper and lower body muscular fitness. The secondary outcomes include physical activity, body composition, aerobic fitness, body mass index, self-report resistance-based physical activity, and mental health outcomes. The cost-effectiveness of the study will also be evaluated. Discussion ecofit is an innovative, multi-component physical activity intervention that integrates smartphone technology, social support and the outdoor built environment to promote community-based aerobic and resistance-based physical. The findings will be used to guide future interventions and to support councils to promote community-based physical activity through the use of local outdoor exercise equipment. Trial registration ACTRN12619000868189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Jansson
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sara L Robards
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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