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Rowe PL, Hinman RS, Bryant AL, Paterson KL. Health-seeking behaviors, management practices, and return to play decisions after an ankle sprain in netball: An international cross-sectional survey of 1592 non-elite netballers. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:415-420. [PMID: 37400287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate if non-elite netballers sought health care, treatments received, and return-to-play decisions after an ankle sprain, including intercountry differences. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Non-elite netballers aged >14 years were recruited from Australia, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Participants completed an online survey regarding their last ankle sprain and were queried regarding health care sought, health professionals consulted, treatments received, time missed, and return-to-play clearance. Data were described using number (proportion) for the overall cohort and countries. Between-country differences in health care use were compared using chi-square tests. Descriptive statistics were presented for management practices. RESULTS We received 1592 responses from Australian (n = 846), United Kingdom (n = 454), and New Zealand (n = 292) netballers. Three in five (n = 951, 60 %) sought health care. Of those, most consulted a physiotherapist (n = 728, 76 %), received strengthening exercises (n = 771, 81 %), balance exercises (N = 665, 70 %) and taping (n = 636, 67 %). Few received return-to-play clearance (n = 362, 23 %). Comparing countries, fewer United Kingdom netballers sought health care than Australian and New Zealand netballers (Australia: 60 % vs United Kingdom: 53 % vs New Zealand: 68 %, p < 0.001), consulted a physiotherapist (Australia: 79 %, United Kingdom: 63 %, New Zealand: 87 %), received strengthening (Australia: 84 %, United Kingdom: 73 %, New Zealand: 84 %) or balance exercises (Australia: 71 %, United Kingdom: 60 %, New Zealand: 80 %) or taping (Australia: 74 %, United Kingdom: 39 %, New Zealand: 82 %). More Australian netballers returned to play within 1-7 days (Australia: 25 %, United Kingdom: 15 %, New Zealand: 21 %) and fewer United Kingdom netballers received return-to-play clearance (Australia: 28 %, United Kingdom: 10 %, New Zealand: 28 %). CONCLUSIONS Health-seeking behaviours are adopted by some, but not all netballers after an ankle sprain. For those who sought care, most consulted a physiotherapist and were prescribed exercise-based interventions and external ankle support, but few received return-to-play clearance. Comparing countries, United Kingdom netballers had lower health-seeking behaviours and received less best-practice management than Australian and New Zealand netballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Rowe
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/patrickrowe94
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/HinmanRana
| | - Adam L Bryant
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kade L Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Mullally EM, Atack AC, Glaister M, Clark NC, Brown N. A cross-sectional retrospective survey of injury situation and prevalence in female recreational netball players with a focus on knee injuries. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:70-74. [PMID: 36706648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine situations of injury and injury prevalence in female adult recreational netball players with a focus on knee injuries. DESIGN Cross sectional retrospective online survey. PARTICIPANTS 193 female adult recreational netball players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Any injury sustained in the previous 12 months, situation of injury, any knee injuries sustained in the previous five years, the length of time unable to play netball, and knee injury management. RESULTS In the previous 12 months, 61% of respondents sustained injury to the lower limb, and 27% to the upper limb. Lower limb injury situations were mostly landings (46%). Upper limb injury situations were mostly collisions with an opponent (27%). 46% reported sustaining a knee injury in the previous five years. Following knee injury, players were unable to play netball for 6.8 ± 7.0 months (training); and 8.2 ± 7.4 months (matches) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower limb injury is more common than upper limb injury in recreational adult female adult netball players. Landing was the most common situation of injury for the lower limb including knee injuries. In the previous five years, nearly half of the players had sustained a knee injury resulting in more than six months out of the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Mullally
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences. St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra C Atack
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences. St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Glaister
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences. St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas C Clark
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences. University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicola Brown
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences. St Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, United Kingdom.
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Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M. A systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite netball players during games. Sports Biomech 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35129089 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2034928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games, describes the situation, movement pattern and player behaviour, providing insight regarding the injury mechanism. Seventeen of the ACL injuries occurred from jump-landing actions and only two from cutting manoeuvres. A common scenario was identified for 11 players. In this scenario, players were decelerating rapidly after jumping to receive a high pass, utilising a double-footed landing with a wide base of support (WBOS). Deceleration appeared to be applied predominantly via the injured leg with the knee extended and foot planted. Often the players appeared unbalanced on landing leaning too far back. ACL injury risk was possibly exacerbated by the players head turning away from the injured side. A further compressive knee moment may have been placed on the lateral aspect of the knee by bringing the ball from a high position to a low position at the estimated time of injury. Players may benefit from landing technique training programmes that encourage shoulder-width foot landings, with ≥30° knee flexion, a small amount of plantar-flexion and good balance. Incorporating challenges to players balance and ability to cope with perturbations may also be beneficial. Training programmes should include instruction on securing the ball in a stable above pelvis-level position after receiving a pass and bringing their whole body around during landing into the direction of their next pass, rather than simply turning their head to look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Belcher
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- NetballSmart New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Epidemiology of injuries sustained in professional Australian netball: A three season cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:294-299. [PMID: 35031236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the medical attention and time-loss injury epidemiology of Australia's premier netball competition. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS One-hundred and nineteen players in the Suncorp Super Netball league were under surveillance during three consecutive seasons (2017-2019), inclusive of pre-, in-, and post- season phases. Medical attention injuries were recorded by medical personnel, and additionally sub-categorised according to time loss. Injury incidence rates (IIR) and injury burden were calculated per 365 player contract days, with differences between season and season phase IIRs compared using negative binomial generated incidence rate ratios (IRR). RESULTS Eight hundred and sixty-six medical attention injuries and 393 time-loss injuries were recorded. The majority of the players had multiple (≥2) medical attention (n = 92; 77.3%) and time-loss (n = 75, 63.0%) injuries reported. The ankle (n = 181; 20.9%), knee (n = 136; 15.7%) and foot (n = 98; 11.3%) were the body sites with the most frequently reported medical attention injuries. Overall, there was a comparable injury incidence rate between the pre-season and in-season periods (IRR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.98-1.30, p = 0.0842), although variation in the injury burden was identified. Ankle tendon injuries (23.5 days absence) and knee joint injuries (44.9 days absence) the most burdensome injuries in the pre-season and in-season periods respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower limb injuries are the most frequent in professional level netball. Knee and ankle injuries are the most burdensome overall, however the type of injuries with a high burden vary between pre- and in-season periods. Time-loss, non-time loss and subsequent injuries are prominent in professional level netball.
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Rowe PL, Bryant AL, Paterson KL. Current ankle sprain prevention and management strategies of netball athletes: a scoping review of the literature and comparison with best-practice recommendations. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:113. [PMID: 34537083 PMCID: PMC8449445 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankle sprains are the most commonly reported injury in netball. Approximately four in five netball athletes will sustain an ankle sprain, up to half will go on to sustain recurrent ankle sprains, and nine in ten report perceived ankle instability. Historically, prevention and management strategies of ankle sprains and injuries have been investigated for a variety of sports, however, no literature reviews have investigated these in netball athletes, or compared these with current best-practice within the literature. Therefore, this scoping review aims to understand how netball athletes currently prevent and manage ankle sprains and to compare these approaches with best-practice recommendations. Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases using keywords to capture studies with data or information related to the prevention and management of ankle sprains and injuries in netball. Results The search strategy captured 982 studies across all databases, with 30 netball studies included in this scoping review. Studies suggest netball athletes are not commonly referred to health professionals, do not undertake adequate rehabilitation, and almost immediately return to court following an ankle sprain or injury. Current best-practices suggest injury prevention programs and external ankle support effectively reduce ankle sprains and injuries; however, poor compliance and implementation may be a significant barrier. Currently, there is a lack of evidence that netball-specific footwear reduces the risk of ankle sprains. Conclusion The findings suggest netball athletes do not implement current best-practice prevention and management strategies following an ankle sprain. This is despite evidence of the effectiveness of injury prevention programs, external ankle support, and adequate rehabilitation in reducing ankle sprain rates. Current-best practice prevention and management of ankle sprains should be considered by clinicians, coaches, and athletes to reduce the prevalence and chronicity of ankle sprains in netball. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-021-00342-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Rowe
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam L Bryant
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kade L Paterson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Whitehead S, Weakley J, Cormack S, Alfano H, Kerss J, Mooney M, Jones B. The Applied Sports Science and Medicine of Netball: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:1715-1731. [PMID: 34086257 PMCID: PMC8310515 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netball is the one of the most popular women's sports in the world. Since gaining professional status in 2008 there has been a rapid growth in research in the applied sports science and medicine of the sport. A scoping review of the area would provide practitioners and researchers with an overview of the current scientific literature to support on-court performance, player welfare and reduce injury. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to identify the current research on the applied sports science and medicine of netball. Additionally, the article provides a brief summary of the research in each topic of sports science and medicine in netball and identifies gaps in the current research. METHODS Systematic searches of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL were undertaken from earliest record to Dec 2020 and reference lists were manually searched. The PRISMA-ScR protocol was followed. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated netball as a sport or the applied sport science and medicine of netball athletes. RESULTS 962 studies were identified in the initial search, 150 of which met the inclusion criteria. Injury was the most highly investigated sport science and medicine topic (n = 45), followed by physical qualities (n = 37), match characteristics (n = 24), biomechanics (n = 15), psychology (n = 13), fatigue and recovery (n = 9), training load (n = 4) and nutrition (n = 3). A range of cohorts were used from school to elite and international standards. All cohorts were female netballers, except for one study. A rapid growth in studies over recent years was demonstrated with 65% of studies published in the last decade. There still remains gaps in the literature, with a low evidence base for nutrition, training load and fatigue and recovery. CONCLUSION This scoping review summarises the current evidence base and key findings that can be used in practice to enhance the applied sport science and medical support to netball athletes across a range of playing standards, and support the growth of the sport. It is evident that netball as a sport is still under-researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.
- Leeds Rhinos Netball, Leeds, UK.
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.
| | - Jonathon Weakley
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart Cormack
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jim Kerss
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Mitch Mooney
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- High Performance Pillar, Netball Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
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Foley BC, Rose C, Owen KB, Reece LJ. Linking sports registration information and player feedback to enhance netball participation. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34103084 PMCID: PMC8188710 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports should endeavour to provide inclusive opportunities for all people to participate. More evidence is required to understand who joins sports clubs and what keeps participants engaged throughout their lifetime. Little is known about who plays netball or what drives participation and retention of players in netball. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of Netball New South Wales (NSW) members, their odds of re-registering in the sport, and explore their motivations to play, experiences during participation and the perceived benefits of playing netball. METHODS We used longitudinal sport registration data from all Netball NSW members in 2018 and 2019. A cross-sectional online survey was sent to all players registered during the two-year study period (n = 157,152). We used logistic regression to determine the odds of individuals returning to netball in 2019 after playing in 2018 and linked the sports registration data with the survey responses, calculating frequencies and proportions. RESULTS Netball NSW members were mostly female (98 %) and aged less than 18 years old (69 %). Netball NSW retained 68 % of members in 2019 who played the previous year. Members who were male, aged 18-44 years old, lived in low SES areas, lived in regional/remote locations, identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, spoke a language other than English at home or were born outside Australia had lower odds of returning to play from 2018 to 2019. Survey participants (n = 10,795) rated their experience playing netball highly and reported that playing netball improved their health and wellbeing. The main reason to play netball reported was 'fun and enjoyment' while the main reason to consider quitting was the 'skill/experience of umpires and officials'. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the strengths of netball in engaging and retaining females, who often participate in less sport than males. The positive experiences reported by netball participants should be fostered to retain current participants throughout the lifecourse. The data provided by members should be inform strategic actions to enhance netball participation for sociodemographic groups who had greatest odds of dropout. Routine surveillance using linked registration and player feedback should be utilised by sports to enhance sport delivery and increase participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C Foley
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Catriona Rose
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
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Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M, Borotkanics R. Short and long versions of a 12-week netball specific neuromuscular warm-up improves landing technique in youth netballers. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49:31-36. [PMID: 33578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of two 'NetballSmart', netball specific warm-ups in improving landing technique measures in New Zealand secondary school netball players. DESIGN Multi-site cluster experimental trial. PARTICIPANTS 77 youth participants, mean ± SD age = 15.8 ± 0.9 were recruited from secondary school netball teams. SETTING 12 teams from 6 schools performed either the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up (NSDW) (n = 37); or Power warm-up (PWU) (n = 40), three times a week for 12 weeks. All players within a school (2 teams) were assigned the same warm-up, avoiding treatment contamination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A series of unilateral and bilateral drop vertical jumps on to a portable force plate were completed by all participants. Measures included peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) for single-leg and bilateral landings; frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) for right and left single-leg landings and Landing error scoring system (LESS) for bilateral landings. Paired t-tests were used to assess mean differences pre and post the warm-up. Generalised linear mixed effects models were developed to evaluate the effects between the NSDW and PWU groups. RESULTS Significant improvements were found in all the landing technique outcome measures for both warm-up groups (ES Range- GRF = -0.6 to -1.1; FPPA = 0.8 to 1.2; LESS = -1.6 to-3.2; p < 0.05). Results of mixed effects models revealed that there was only a significantly greater improvement in LESS for the PWU group (β = -0.30, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Results show both warm-ups can improve landing technique measures in youth secondary school netball players. It is recommended that coaches should consider implementing one of the two warm-ups in their netball programmes. Their choice of warm-up will likely be dependent on their environment and time demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Belcher
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Netball New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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