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Yin X, Castro-Claros JD, Griesshaber E, Salas C, Sancho Vaquer A, Checa AG, Schmahl WW. Molluscs generate preferred crystallographic orientation of biominerals by organic templates, the texture and microstructure of Caudofoveata (Aplacophora) shells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13469. [PMID: 38866846 PMCID: PMC11169368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Caudofoveata are molluscs that protect their vermiform body with a scleritome, a mosaic of unconnected blade/lanceolate-shaped aragonite sclerites. For the species Falcidens gutturosus and Scutopus ventrolineatus we studied the crystallographic constitution and crystal orientation texture of the sclerites and the scleritome with electron-backscatter-diffraction (EBSD), laser-confocal-microscopy (LCM) and field-emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging. Each sclerite is an aragonite single crystal that is completely enveloped by an organic sheath. Adjacent sclerites overlap laterally and vertically are, however, not connected to each other. Sclerites are thickened in their central portion, relative to their periphery. Thickening increases also from sclerite tip towards its base. Accordingly, cross-sections through a sclerite are straight at its tip, curved and bent towards the sclerite base. Irrespective of curved sclerite morphologies, the aragonite lattice within the sclerite is coherent. Sclerite aragonite is not twinned. For each sclerite the crystallographic c-axis is parallel to the morphological long axis of the sclerite, the a-axis is perpendicular to its width and the b-axis is within the width of the sclerite. The single-crystalinity of the sclerites and their mode of organization in the scleritome is outstanding. Sclerite and aragonite arrangement in the scleritome is not given by a specific crystal growth mode, it is inherent to the secreting cells. We discuss that morphological characteristics of the sclerites and crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) of sclerite aragonite is not the result of competitive growth selection. It is generated by the templating effect of the organic substance of the secreting cells and associated extracellular biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yin
- Bruker, Beijing, Scientific Technology, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J D Castro-Claros
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - E Griesshaber
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - C Salas
- Departmento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Sancho Vaquer
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - W W Schmahl
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Gavryushkin PN, Rečnik A, Donskikh KG, Banaev MV, Sagatov NE, Rashchenko S, Volkov S, Aksenov S, Mikhailenko D, Korsakov A, Daneu N, Litasov KD. The intrinsic twinning and enigmatic twisting of aragonite crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311738121. [PMID: 38300859 PMCID: PMC10861921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311738121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that aragonite crystals of biogenic origin are characterized by significantly higher twin densities compared to samples formed during geological processes. Based on our single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of aragonite crystals from various localities, we show that in geological aragonites, the twin densities are comparable to those of the samples from crossed lamellar zones of molluscs shells. The high twin density is consistent with performed calculations, according to which the Gibbs free energy of twin-free aragonite is close to that of periodically twinned aragonite structure. In some cases, high twin densities result in the appearance of diffuse scattering in SCXRD patterns. The obtained TEM and optical micrographs show that besides the twin boundaries (TBs) of growth origin, there are also TBs and especially stacking faults that were likely formed as the result of local strain compensation. SCXRD patterns of the samples from Tazouta, in addition to diffuse scattering lines, show Debye arcs in the [Formula: see text] plane. These Debye arcs are present only on one side of the Bragg reflections and have an azimuthal extent of nearly 30°, making the whole symmetry of the diffraction pattern distinctly chiral, which has not yet been reported for aragonite. By analogy with biogenic calcite crystals, we associate these arcs with the presence of misoriented subgrains formed as a result of crystal twisting during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Gavryushkin
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Aleksander Rečnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Katerina G. Donskikh
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Maksim V. Banaev
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Nursultan E. Sagatov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Rashchenko
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Volkov
- Laboratory of Arctic Mineralogy and Material Sciences, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity184209, Russia
| | - Sergey Aksenov
- Laboratory of Arctic Mineralogy and Material Sciences, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity184209, Russia
| | - Denis Mikhailenko
- Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg620002, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Korsakov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk630090, Russia
| | - Nina Daneu
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Konstantin D. Litasov
- Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow108840, Russia
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Patterns of crystal organization and calcite twin formation in planktonic, rotaliid, foraminifera shells and spines. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107898. [PMID: 36379353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The foraminiferal order Rotaliida represents one third of the extant genera of foraminifers. The shells of these organisms are extensively used to decipher characteristics of marine ecosystems and global climate events. It was shown that shell calcite of benthic Rotaliida is twinned. We extend our previous work on microstructure and texture characterization of benthic Rotaliida and investigate shell calcite organization for planktonic rotaliid species. Based on results gained from electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging of chemically etched/fixed shell surfaces we show for the planktonic species Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Orbulina universa (belonging to the two main planktonic, the globigerinid and globorotaliid, clades): very extensive 60°-{001}-twinning of the calcite and describe a new and specific microstructure for the twinned crystals. We address twin and crystal morphology development from nucleation within a biopolymer template (POS) to outermost shell surfaces. We demonstrate that the calcite of the investigated planktonic Rotaliida forms through competitive growth. We complement the structural knowledge gained on the clade 1 and clade 2 species with EBSD results of Globigerinita glutinata and Candeina nitida shells (clade 3 planktonic species). The latter are significantly less twinned and have a different shell calcite microstructure. We demonstrate that the calcite of all rotaliid species is twinned, however, to different degrees. We discuss for the species of the three planktonic clades characteristics of the twinned calcite and of other systematic misorientations. We address the strong functionalization of foraminiferal calcite and indicate how the twinning affects biocalcite material properties.
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Deng Z, Jia Z, Li L. Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103524. [PMID: 35315243 PMCID: PMC9108615 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralized composites, which are usually composed of microscopic mineral building blocks organized in 3D intercrystalline organic matrices, have evolved unique structural designs to fulfill mechanical and other biological functionalities. While it has been well recognized that the intricate architectural designs of biomineralized composites contribute to their remarkable mechanical performance, the structural features within and corresponding mechanical properties of individual mineral building blocks are often less appreciated in the context of bio-inspired structural composites. The mineral building blocks in biomineralized composites exhibit a variety of salient intracrystalline structural features, such as, organic inclusions, inorganic impurities (or trace elements), crystalline features (e.g., amorphous phases, single crystals, splitting crystals, polycrystals, and nanograins), residual stress/strain, and twinning, which significantly modify the mechanical properties of biogenic minerals. In this review, recent progress in elucidating the intracrystalline structural features of three most common biomineral systems (calcite, aragonite, and hydroxyapatite) and their corresponding mechanical significance are discussed. Future research directions and corresponding challenges are proposed and discussed, such as the advanced structural characterizations and formation mechanisms of intracrystalline structures in biominerals, amorphous biominerals, and bio-inspired synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
| | - Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
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San X, Gong M, Wang J, Ma X, dos Reis R, Smeets PJM, Dravid VP, Hu X. Uncovering the crystal defects within aragonite CaCO 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122218119. [PMID: 35357967 PMCID: PMC9169084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of deformation mechanisms in aragonite, one of the three crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3, is essential to understand the overall excellent mechanical performance of nacres. Dislocation slip and deformation twinning were claimed previously as plasticity carriers in aragonite, but crystallographic features of dislocations and twins have been poorly understood. Here, utilizing various transmission electron microscopy techniques, we reveal the atomic structures of twins, partial dislocations, and associated stacking faults. Combining a topological model and density functional theory calculations, we identify complete twin elements, characters of twinning disconnection, and the corresponding twin shear angle (∼8.8°) and rationalize unique partial dislocations as well. Additionally, we reveal an unreported potential energy dissipation mode within aragonite, namely, the formation of nanograins via the pile-up of partial dislocations. Based on the microstructural comparisons of biogenic and abiotic aragonite, we find that the crystallographic features of twins are the same. However, the twin density is much lower in abiotic aragonite due to the vastly different crystallization conditions, which in turn are likely due to the absence of organics, high temperature and pressure differences, the variation in inorganic impurities, or a combination thereof. Our findings enrich the knowledge of intrinsic crystal defects that accommodate plastic deformation in aragonite and provide insights into designing bioengineering materials with better strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan San
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Xiuliang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Roberto dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Paul J. M. Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Synthesis and Characterization of Gefitinib and Paclitaxel Mono and Dual Drug-Loaded Blood Cockle Shells ( Anadara granosa)-Derived Aragonite CaCO 3 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081988. [PMID: 34443820 PMCID: PMC8398682 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate has slowly paved its way into the field of nanomaterial research due to its inherent properties: biocompatibility, pH-sensitivity, and slow biodegradability. In our efforts to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) from blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa), we developed a simple method to synthesize CSCaCO3NP, and loaded them with gefitinib (GEF) and paclitaxel (PTXL) to produce mono drug-loaded GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and dual drug-loaded GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP without usage of toxic chemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal that the drugs are bound to CSCaCO3NP. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that the CSCaCO3NP, GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP are almost spherical nanoparticles, with a diameter of 63.9 ± 22.3, 83.9 ± 28.2, 78.2 ± 26.4, and 87.2 ± 26.7 (nm), respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and N2 adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are negatively charged and mesoporous, with surface areas ranging from ~8 to 10 (m2/g). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles are aragonite. The CSCaCO3NP show excellent alkalinization property in plasma simulating conditions and greater solubility in a moderately acidic pH medium. The release of drugs from the nanoparticles showed zero order kinetics with a slow and sustained release. Therefore, the physico-chemical characteristics and in vitro findings suggest that the drug loaded CSCaCO3NP represent a promising drug delivery system to deliver GEF and PTXL against breast cancer.
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7
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Yin X, Griesshaber E, Checa A, Nindiyasari-Behal F, Sánchez-Almazo I, Ziegler A, Schmahl WW. Calcite crystal orientation patterns in the bilayers of laminated shells of benthic rotaliid foraminifera. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107707. [PMID: 33581285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shells of calcifying foraminifera play a major role in marine biogeochemical cycles; fossil shells form important archives for paleoenvironment reconstruction. Despite their importance in many Earth science disciplines, there is still little consensus on foraminiferal shell mineralization. Geochemical, biochemical, and physiological studies showed that foraminiferal shell formation might take place through various and diverse mineralization mechanisms. In this study, we contribute to benthic foraminiferal shell calcification through deciphering crystallite organization within the shells. We base our conclusions on results gained from electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements and describe microstructure/texture characteristics within the laminated shell walls of the benthic, symbiontic foraminifera: Ammonia tepida, Amphistegina lobifera, Amphistegina lessonii. We highlight crystallite assembly patterns obtained on differently oriented cuts and discuss crystallite sizes, morphologies, interlinkages, orientations, and co-orientation strengths. We show that: (i) crystals within benthic foraminiferal shells are mesocrystals, (ii) have dendritic-fractal morphologies and (iii) interdigitate strongly. Based on crystal size, we (iv) differentiate between the two layers that comprise the shells and demonstrate that (v) crystals in the septa have different assemblies relative to those in the shell walls. We highlight that (vi) at junctions of different shell elements the axis of crystal orientation jumps abruptly such that their assembly in EBSD maps has a bimodal distribution. We prove (vii) extensive twin-formation within foraminiferal calcite; we demonstrate (viii) the presence of two twin modes: 60°/[001] and 77°/~[6 -6 1] and visualize their distributions within the shells. In a broader perspective, we draw conclusions on processes that lead to the observed microstructure/texture patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yin
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - E Griesshaber
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - A Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | | | - I Sánchez-Almazo
- Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Ziegler
- Zentrale Einrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - W W Schmahl
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Crippa G, Griesshaber E, Checa AG, Harper EM, Simonet Roda M, Schmahl WW. Orientation patterns of aragonitic crossed-lamellar, fibrous prismatic and myostracal microstructures of modern Glycymeris shells. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Gavryushkin PN, Rečnik A, Daneu N, Sagatov N, Belonoshko AB, Popov ZI, Ribić V, Litasov KD. Temperature induced twinning in aragonite: transmission electron microscopy experiments and ab initio calculations. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2018-2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The microstructure of aragonite, one of the main bio-mineral and component of bio-inspired materials, was described in numerous investigations. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), for the first time we show the effect of temperature on aragonite microstructure. The local increase of (0.5 0.5 0) reflections intensities and appearance of satellite reflections in [11̅0] zone axis were observed above 350°C. We explain the appearance of satellite reflections by the generation and ordering of {110} twin boundaries and suggest new thermal mechanism of the twin boundaries generation. We check the viability of this mechanism by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and generalized solid state nudge elastic band (g-SSNEB) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Gavryushkin
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Prosp. Acad. Koptyuga 3 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia , E-mail:
| | - Aleksander Rečnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Nina Daneu
- Department for Advanced Materials , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Nursultan Sagatov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Prosp. Acad. Koptyuga 3 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Anatoly B. Belonoshko
- Department of Physics , AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , 10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Zakhar I. Popov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS , Leninskiy pr. 4 , 119049 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Vesna Ribić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Materials Science , University of Belgrade , Kneza Višeslava 1 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Konstantin D. Litasov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Prosp. Acad. Koptyuga 3 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
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Salinas CL, de Obaldia EE, Jeong C, Hernandez J, Zavattieri P, Kisailus D. Enhanced toughening of the crossed lamellar structure revealed by nanoindentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 76:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hirsch A, Palmer BA, Elad N, Gur D, Weiner S, Addadi L, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L. Biologically Controlled Morphology and Twinning in Guanine Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Dvir Gur
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and of Physics of Complex Systems; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
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12
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Hirsch A, Palmer BA, Elad N, Gur D, Weiner S, Addadi L, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L. Biologically Controlled Morphology and Twinning in Guanine Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Dvir Gur
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and of Physics of Complex Systems; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
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13
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Vertically oriented structure and its fracture behavior of the Indonesia white-pearl oyster. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 66:211-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Fermani S, Njegić Džakula B, Reggi M, Falini G, Kralj D. Effects of magnesium and temperature control on aragonite crystal aggregation and morphology. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Shin YA, Yin S, Li X, Lee S, Moon S, Jeong J, Kwon M, Yoo SJ, Kim YM, Zhang T, Gao H, Oh SH. Nanotwin-governed toughening mechanism in hierarchically structured biological materials. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10772. [PMID: 26883846 PMCID: PMC4757792 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural biocomposite, Strombus gigas, commonly known as the giant pink queen conch shell, exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, especially a high fracture toughness. It is known that the basic building block of conch shell contains a high density of growth twins with average thickness of several nanometres, but their effects on the mechanical properties of the shell remain mysterious. Here we reveal a toughening mechanism governed by nanoscale twins in the conch shell. A combination of in situ fracture experiments inside a transmission electron microscope, large-scale atomistic simulations and finite element modelling show that the twin boundaries can effectively block crack propagation by inducing phase transformation and delocalization of deformation around the crack tip. This mechanism leads to an increase in fracture energy of the basic building block by one order of magnitude, and contributes significantly to that of the overall structure via structural hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Subin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyug Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jo Yoo
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Weaver JC, Ortiz C. Hierarchical structural design for fracture resistance in the shell of the pteropod Clio pyramidata. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6216. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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17
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Maier B, Griesshaber E, Alexa P, Ziegler A, Ubhi H, Schmahl W. Biological control of crystallographic architecture: hierarchy and co-alignment parameters. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3866-74. [PMID: 24590164 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mytilus edulis prismatic calcite and nacre layers exhibit a crystallographic structural hierarchy which differs substantially from the morphological hierarchy. This makes these biomaterials fundamentally different from classical crystalline materials. Morphological building units are defined by their surrounding organic matrix membranes, e.g. calcite fibers or nacre tablets. The crystallographic building units are defined by crystallographic co-orientation. Electron backscatter diffraction quantitatively shows how crystallographic co-orientation propagates across matrix membranes to form highly co-oriented low-mosaic composite-crystal grains, i.e. calcite fiber bundles with an internal mosaic spread of 0.5° full width at half maximum (FWHM) or nacre towergrains with an internal mosaic spread of 2° FWHM. These low-mosaic composite crystals form much larger composite-crystal supergrains, which exhibit a high mosaicity due to misorientations of their constituting calcite fiber bundles or nacre towergrains. For the aragonite layer these supergrains nucleate in one of three aragonite {110} twin orientations; as a consequence the nacre layer exhibits a twin-domain structure, i.e. the boundaries of adjacent supergrains exhibit a high probability for misorientations around the aragonite c-axis with an angle near 63.8°. Within the supergrains, the constituting towergrains exhibit a high probability for misorientations around the aragonite a-axis with a geometric mean misorientation angle of 10.6°. The calcite layer is composed of a single composite-crystal supergrain on at least the submillimeter length scale. Mutual misorientations of adjacent fiber bundles within the calcite supergrain are mainly around the calcite c-axis with a geometric mean misorientation angle of 9.4°. The c-axis is not parallel to the long axis of the fibers but rather to the (107) plane normal. The frequency distribution for the occurrence of misorientation angles within supergrains reflects the ability of the organism to maintain homoepitaxial crystallization over a certain length scale. This probability density is distributed log-normally which can be described by a geometric mean and a multiplicative standard deviation. Hence, those parameters are suggested to be a numerical measure for the biological control over crystallographic texture.
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Li L, Ortiz C. Pervasive nanoscale deformation twinning as a catalyst for efficient energy dissipation in a bioceramic armour. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:501-7. [PMID: 24681646 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical composite materials design in biological exoskeletons achieves penetration resistance through a variety of energy-dissipating mechanisms while simultaneously balancing the need for damage localization to avoid compromising the mechanical integrity of the entire structure and to maintain multi-hit capability. Here, we show that the shell of the bivalve Placuna placenta (~99 wt% calcite), which possesses the unique optical property of ~80% total transmission of visible light, simultaneously achieves penetration resistance and deformation localization via increasing energy dissipation density (0.290 ± 0.072 nJ μm(-3)) by approximately an order of magnitude relative to single-crystal geological calcite (0.034 ± 0.013 nJ μm(-3)). P. placenta, which is composed of a layered assembly of elongated diamond-shaped calcite crystals, undergoes pervasive nanoscale deformation twinning (width ~50 nm) surrounding the penetration zone, which catalyses a series of additional inelastic energy dissipating mechanisms such as interfacial and intracrystalline nanocracking, viscoplastic stretching of interfacial organic material, and nanograin formation and reorientation.
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19
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Gilis M, Grauby O, Willenz P, Dubois P, Heresanu V, Baronnet A. Biomineralization in living hypercalcified demosponges: Toward a shared mechanism? J Struct Biol 2013; 183:441-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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A microstructural study of individual nacre tablet of Pinctada maxima. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:404-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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