1
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Deymier AC, Deymier PA. Open-system force-elongation relationship of collagen in chemo-mechanical equilibrium with water. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106464. [PMID: 38367533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A significant deformation mechanism of collagen at low loads is molecular uncoiling and rearrangement. Although the effect of hydration and cross-linking has been investigated at larger loads when collagen undergoes molecular sliding, their effects on collagen molecular reorganization remain unclear. Here we develop two thermodynamic models that use the notion of open-system elasticity to elucidate the effect of swelling due to water uptake during deformation of collagen networks under low and high cross-linking conditions. With low crosslinking, entropic contributions dominate resulting in rejection of solvent from the polymer network leading to reduced collagen stiffness with increased loads. Contrarily, high cross-linking inhibits initial coiling and structural kinking and the mechanical behavior is dominated by elastic energy. In this configuration, the solvent content depends on the sign of the applied load resulting in a non-linear open-system stress-strain relationship. The models provide insight on the parameters that impact the stress-strain relationships of hydrated collagen and can inform the way collagenous matrices are treated both in medical and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - P A Deymier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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2
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Magerle R, Zech P, Dehnert M, Bendixen A, Otto A. Rate-independent hysteretic energy dissipation in collagen fibrils. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2831-2839. [PMID: 38456340 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanoindentation cycles measured with an atomic force microscope on hydrated collagen fibrils exhibit a rate-independent hysteresis with return point memory. This previously unknown energy dissipation mechanism describes in unified form elastoplastic indentation, capillary adhesion, and surface leveling at indentation velocities smaller than 1 μm s-1, where viscous friction is negligible. A generic hysteresis model, based on force-distance data measured during one large approach-retract cycle, predicts the force (output) and the dissipated energy for arbitrary indentation trajectories (input). While both quantities are rate independent, they do depend nonlinearly on indentation history and on indentation amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Magerle
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Paul Zech
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Martin Dehnert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Bendixen
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Otto
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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3
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Iwasaki N, Karali A, Roldo M, Blunn G. Full-Field Strain Measurements of the Muscle-Tendon Junction Using X-ray Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:162. [PMID: 38391648 PMCID: PMC10886230 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We report, for the first time, the full-field 3D strain distribution of the muscle-tendon junction (MTJ). Understanding the strain distribution at the junction is crucial for the treatment of injuries and to predict tear formation at this location. Three-dimensional full-field strain distribution of mouse MTJ was measured using X-ray computer tomography (XCT) combined with digital volume correlation (DVC) with the aim of understanding the mechanical behavior of the junction under tensile loading. The interface between the Achilles tendon and the gastrocnemius muscle was harvested from adult mice and stained using 1% phosphotungstic acid in 70% ethanol. In situ XCT combined with DVC was used to image and compute strain distribution at the MTJ under a tensile load (2.4 N). High strain measuring 120,000 µε, 160,000 µε, and 120,000 µε for the first principal stain (εp1), shear strain (γ), and von Mises strain (εVM), respectively, was measured at the MTJ and these values reduced into the body of the muscle or into the tendon. Strain is concentrated at the MTJ, which is at risk of being damaged in activities associated with excessive physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodoka Iwasaki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Aikaterina Karali
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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4
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Kohler R, Creecy A, Williams DR, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Effects of novel raloxifene analogs alone or in combination with mechanical loading in the Col1a2 G610c/+ murine model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2024; 179:116970. [PMID: 37977416 PMCID: PMC10843597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary bone disease in which gene mutations affect collagen formation, leading to a weak, brittle bone phenotype that can cause severe skeletal deformity and increased fracture risk. OI interventions typically repurpose osteoporosis medications to increase bone mass, but this approach does not address compromised tissue-level material properties. Raloxifene (RAL) is a mild anti-resorptive used to treat osteoporosis that has also been shown to increase bone strength by a-cellularly increasing bone bound water content, but RAL cannot be administered to children due to its hormonal activity. The goal of this study was to test a RAL analog with no estrogen receptor (ER) signaling but maintained ability to reduce fracture risk. The best performing analog from a previous analog characterization project, named RAL-ADM, was tested in an in vivo study. Female wildtype (WT) and Col1a2G610C/+ (G610C) mice were randomly assigned to treated or untreated groups, for a total of 4 groups (n = 15). Starting at 10 weeks of age, all mice underwent compressive tibial loading 3×/week to induce an anabolic bone formation response in conjunction with RAL-ADM treatment (0.5 mg/kg; 5×/week) for 6 weeks. Tibiae were scanned via microcomputed tomography then tested to failure in four-point bending. RAL-ADM had reduced ER affinity, and increased post-yield properties, but did not improve bone strength in OI animals, suggesting some properties can be improved by RAL analogs but further development is needed to create an analog with decidedly positive impacts to OI bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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5
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Wang F, Craig L, Liu X, Rensing C, Egelman EH. Microbial nanowires: type IV pili or cytochrome filaments? Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:384-392. [PMID: 36446702 PMCID: PMC10033339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic field of study has emerged involving long-range electron transport by extracellular filaments in anaerobic bacteria, with Geobacter sulfurreducens being used as a model system. The interest in this topic stems from the potential uses of such systems in bioremediation, energy generation, and new bio-based nanotechnology for electronic devices. These conductive extracellular filaments were originally thought, based upon low-resolution observations of dried samples, to be type IV pili (T4P). However, the recently published atomic structure for the T4P from G. sulfurreducens, obtained by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), is incompatible with the numerous models that have been put forward for electron conduction. As with all high-resolution structures of T4P, the G. sulfurreducens T4P structure shows a partial melting of the α-helix that substantially impacts the aromatic residue positions such that they are incompatible with conductivity. Furthermore, new work using high-resolution cryo-EM shows that conductive filaments thought to be T4P are actually polymerized cytochromes, with stacked heme groups forming a continuous conductive wire, or extracellular DNA. Recent atomic structures of three different cytochrome filaments from G. sulfurreducens suggest that such polymers evolved independently on multiple occasions. The expectation is that such polymerized cytochromes may be found emanating from other anaerobic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lisa Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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Tai A, Landao-Bassonga E, Chen Z, Tran M, Allan B, Ruan R, Calder D, Goonewardene M, Ngo H, Zheng MH. Systematic evaluation of three porcine-derived collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:41-50. [PMID: 37206304 PMCID: PMC10189808 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration is one of the most common surgical treatment modalities performed when an additional alveolar bone is required to stabilize dental implants in partially and fully edentulous patients. The addition of a barrier membrane prevents non-osteogenic tissue invasion into the bone cavity, which is key to the success of guided bone regeneration. Barrier membranes can be broadly classified as non-resorbable or resorbable. In contrast to non-resorbable membranes, resorbable barrier membranes do not require a second surgical procedure for membrane removal. Commercially available resorbable barrier membranes are either synthetically manufactured or derived from xenogeneic collagen. Although collagen barrier membranes have become increasingly popular amongst clinicians, largely due to their superior handling qualities compared to other commercially available barrier membranes, there have been no studies to date that have compared commercially available porcine-derived collagen membranes with respect to surface topography, collagen fibril structure, physical barrier property, and immunogenic composition. This study evaluated three commercially available non-crosslinked porcine-derived collagen membranes (Striate+TM, Bio-Gide® and CreosTM Xenoprotect). Scanning electron microscopy revealed similar collagen fibril distribution on both the rough and smooth sides of the membranes as well as the similar diameters of collagen fibrils. However, D-periodicity of the fibrillar collagen is significantly different among the membranes, with Striate+TM membrane having the closest D-periodicity to native collagen I. This suggests that there is less deformation of collagen during manufacturing process. All collagen membranes showed superior barrier property evidenced by blocking 0.2-16.4 μm beads passing through the membranes. To examine the immunogenic agents in these membranes, we examined the membranes for the presence of DNA and alpha-gal by immunohistochemistry. No alpha-gal or DNA was detected in any membranes. However, using a more sensitive detection method (real-time polymerase chain reaction), a relatively strong DNA signal was detected in Bio-Gide® membrane, but not Striate+TM and CreosTM Xenoprotect membranes. Our study concluded that these membranes are similar but not identical, probably due to the different ages and sources of porcine tissues, as well as different manufacturing processes. We recommend further studies to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tai
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Euphemie Landao-Bassonga
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ziming Chen
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Minh Tran
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brent Allan
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rui Ruan
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dax Calder
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mithran Goonewardene
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ming Hao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Corresponding authors: Ming Hao Zheng,
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7
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Cryo-EM structure of an extracellular Geobacter OmcE cytochrome filament reveals tetrahaem packing. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1291-1300. [PMID: 35798889 PMCID: PMC9357133 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conductive appendages from the anaerobic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens were first observed two decades ago, with genetic and biochemical data suggesting that conductive fibres were type IV pili. Recently, an extracellular conductive filament of G. sulfurreducens was found to contain polymerized c-type cytochrome OmcS subunits, not pilin subunits. Here we report that G. sulfurreducens also produces a second, thinner appendage comprised of cytochrome OmcE subunits and solve its structure using cryo-electron microscopy at ~4.3 Å resolution. Although OmcE and OmcS subunits have no overall sequence or structural similarities, upon polymerization both form filaments that share a conserved haem packing arrangement in which haems are coordinated by histidines in adjacent subunits. Unlike OmcS filaments, OmcE filaments are highly glycosylated. In extracellular fractions from G. sulfurreducens, we detected type IV pili comprising PilA-N and -C chains, along with abundant B-DNA. OmcE is the second cytochrome filament to be characterized using structural and biophysical methods. We propose that there is a broad class of conductive bacterial appendages with conserved haem packing (rather than sequence homology) that enable long-distance electron transport to chemicals or other microbial cells.
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8
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Darvish DM. Collagen fibril formation in vitro: From origin to opportunities. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100322. [PMID: 35757034 PMCID: PMC9218154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sometimes, to move forward, it is necessary to look back. Collagen type I is one of the most commonly used biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. There are a variety of collagen scaffolds and biomedical products based on collagen have been made, and the development of new ones is still ongoing. Materials, where collagen is in the fibrillar form, have some advantages: they have superior mechanical properties, higher degradation time and, what is most important, mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix. There are some standard protocols for the formation of collagen fibrils in vitro, but if we look more carefully at those methods, we can see some controversies. For example, why is the formation of collagen gel commonly carried out at 37 °C, when it was well investigated that the temperature higher than 35 °C results in a formation of not well-ordered fibrils? Biomimetic collagen materials can be obtained both using culture medium or neutralizing solution, but it requires a deep understanding of all of the crucial points. One of this point is collagen extraction method, since not every method retains the ability of collagen to reconstitute native banded fibrils. Collagen polymorphism is also often overlooked in spite of the appearance of different polymorphic forms during fibril formation is possible, especially when collagen blends are utilized. In this review, we will not only pay attention to these issues, but we will overview the most prominent works related to the formation of collagen fibrils in vitro starting from the first approaches and moving to the up-to-date recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Darvish
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Prospekt, 4, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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9
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Rehydration of the Tendon Fascicle Bundles Using Simulated Body Fluid Ensures Stable Mechanical Properties of the Samples. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093033. [PMID: 35591368 PMCID: PMC9104251 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the influence of dehydration and subsequent rehydration of tendon fascicle bundles on their structural and mechanical properties by using distilled water, 0.9% NaCl, 10% NaCl, SBF, and double concentrated SBF (SBFx2). The properties of tendon fascicle bundles were investigated by means of uniaxial tests with relaxation periods and hysteresis for samples with various interfascicular matrix content, dissected from the anterior and posterior areas of bovine tendon. Uniaxial tests with relaxation periods and analysis of sample geometry and weight showed that dehydration alters the modulus of elasticity dependent on the interfascicular matrix content and influences the viscoelastic properties of tendon fascicle bundles. Tensile and relaxation tests revealed that changes resulting from excessive sample drying can be reversed by rehydration in an SBF bath solution for elastic strain range above the toe region. Rehydration in SBF solution led to minor differences in mechanical properties when compared to control samples. Moreover, anterior samples with greater interfascicular matrix content, despite their lower stiffness, are less sensitive to sample drying. The obtained results allow us to limit the discrepancies in the measurement of mechanical properties of wet biological samples and can be useful to researchers investigating soft tissue mechanics and the stability of transplant materials.
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10
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Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Combined with Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for the Study of the Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179189. [PMID: 34502096 PMCID: PMC8430473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR microspectroscopy) and multivariate analyses were applied for the classification of the frequency ranges responsible for the distribution changes of the main components of articular cartilage (AC) that occur during dietary β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation. The FTIR imaging analysis of histological AC sections originating from 35-day old male piglets showed the change in the collagen and proteoglycan contents of the HMB-supplemented group compared to the control. The relative amount of collagen content in the superficial zone increased by more than 23% and in the middle zone by about 17%, while no changes in the deep zone were observed compared to the control group. Considering proteoglycans content, a significant increase was registered in the middle and deep zones, respectively; 62% and 52% compared to the control. AFM nanoindentation measurements collected from animals administered with HMB displayed an increase in AC tissue stiffness by detecting a higher value of Young’s modulus in all investigated AC zones. We demonstrated that principal component analysis and artificial neural networks could be trained with spectral information to distinguish AC histological sections and the group under study accurately. This work may support the use and effectiveness of FTIR imaging combined with multivariate analyses as a quantitative alternative to traditional collagenous tissue-related histology.
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11
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Abstract
Studying changes in collagen deformation behavior at the nanoscale due to variations in mineralization and hydration is important for characterizing and developing collagen-based bio-composites. Recent studies also find that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show promise as a reinforcing material for collagenous bio-composites. Currently, the effects of variation in mineral, water, and CNT content on collagen gap and overlap region mechanics during compression is unexplored. We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how variations in mineral, water, and CNT contents of collagen bio-composites in compression change their deformation behavior and thermal properties. Results indicate that variations in mineral and water content affect the collagen structure due to expansion or contraction of the gap and overlap regions. The deformation mechanisms of the gap and overlap regions also change. The presence of CNTs in non-mineralized collagen reduces the deformation of the gap region and increases the bio-composite elastic modulus to ranges comparable to mineralized collagen. The collagen/CNT bio-composites are also determined to have a higher specific heat than the studied mineralized collagen bio-composites, making them more likely to be resistant to thermal damage that could occur during implantation or functional use of a collagen collagen/CNT bio-composite biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fielder
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Arun K Nair
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
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12
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Wan Y, Gao Y, Shao J, Tumarbekova A, Zhang D, Zhu J. Effects of ultrasound and thermal treatment on the ultrastructure of collagen fibers from bovine tendon using atomic force microscopy. Food Chem 2021; 347:128985. [PMID: 33476920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the most important tenderness related protein in mammal, there are few studies on how the nanoscale morphology of collagen I in tissues is related to traditional meat processing. The ultrastructure and mechanical characteristics of collagen fibers in tendon with different treatments have been explored in this study. Collagen fibers in homogenate group and acetic acid group were treated with ultrasound and thermal treatment. The nanoscale morphology of collagen fiber in homogenate group became granular at 60 °C and gelatin was formed at 70 °C. The collagen fibers extracted from acetic acid are unstable and easier to break under the same processing parameters, when compared with homogenated collagen fibers in both ultrasound and thermal treatment. The results suggested that acetic acid can disassemble the salt bond and Schiff-base in collagen, and the collagen fibers became loose but the triple helix structure remained integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wan
- Laboratory of Agricultural & Food Biomechanics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Muscle & Meat Biomechanics, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongfang Gao
- Laboratory of Agricultural & Food Biomechanics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Muscle & Meat Biomechanics, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianhang Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural & Food Biomechanics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Muscle & Meat Biomechanics, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Aidana Tumarbekova
- Laboratory of Agricultural & Food Biomechanics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Laboratory of Agricultural & Food Biomechanics, Institute of Biophysics, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China; Laboratory of Muscle & Meat Biomechanics, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China.
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13
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Magerle R, Dehnert M, Voigt D, Bernstein A. Nanomechanical 3D Depth Profiling of Collagen Fibrils in Native Tendon. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8741-8749. [PMID: 32484331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue displays a large compositional and structural complexity that involves multiple length scales. In particular, on the molecular and the nanometer level, the elementary processes that determine the biomechanics of collagen fibrils in connective tissues are still poorly understood. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the three-dimensional (3D) depth profiles of the local nanomechanical properties of collagen fibrils and their embedding interfibrillar matrix in native (unfixed), hydrated Achilles tendon of sheep and chickens. AFM imaging in air with controlled humidity preserves the tissue's water content, allowing the assembly of collagen fibrils to be imaged in high resolution beneath an approximately 5-10 nm thick layer of the fluid components of the interfibrillar matrix. We collect pointwise force-distance (FD) data and amplitude-phase-distance (APD) data, from which we construct 3D depth profiles of the local tip-sample interaction forces. The 3D images reveal the nanomechanical morphology of unfixed, hydrated collagen fibrils in native tendon with a 0.1 nm depth resolution and a 10 nm lateral resolution. We observe a diversity in the nanomechanical properties among individual collagen fibrils in their adhesive and in their repulsive, viscoelastic mechanical response as well as among the contact points between adjacent collagen fibrils. This sheds new light on the role of interfibrillar bonds and the mechanical properties of the interfibrillar matrix in the biomechanics of tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Magerle
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Dehnert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Diana Voigt
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Buchanan JK, Zhang Y, Holmes G, Covington AD, Prabakar S. Role of X‐ray Scattering Techniques in Understanding the Collagen Structure of Leather. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K. Buchanan
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094 Palmerston North 4472 New Zealand
| | - Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094 Palmerston North 4472 New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094 Palmerston North 4472 New Zealand
| | - Anthony D. Covington
- Institute for Creative Leather TechnologiesThe University of NorthamptonUniversity Drive Northampton NN1 5PH United Kingdom
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094 Palmerston North 4472 New Zealand
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15
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Canelón SP, Wallace JM. Substrate Strain Mitigates Effects of β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Reduction in Enzymatic Crosslinking. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:660-669. [PMID: 31482192 PMCID: PMC7161703 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic crosslinks stabilize type I collagen and are catalyzed by lysyl oxidase (LOX), a step interrupted through β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) exposure. This study evaluated dose-dependent effects of BAPN on osteoblast gene expression of type I collagen, LOX, and genes associated with crosslink formation. The second objective was to characterize collagen produced in vitro after exposure to BAPN, and to explore changes to collagen properties under continuous cyclical substrate strain. To evaluate dose-dependent effects, osteoblasts were exposed to a range of BAPN dosages (0-10 mM) for gene expression analysis and cell proliferation. Results showed significant upregulation of BMP-1, POST, and COL1A1 and change in cell proliferation. Results also showed that while the gene encoding LOX was unaffected by BAPN treatment, other genes related to LOX activation and matrix production were upregulated. For the loading study, the combined effects of BAPN and mechanical loading were assessed. Gene expression was quantified, atomic force microscopy was used to extract elastic properties of the collagen matrix, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy was used to assess collagen secondary structure for enzymatic crosslinking analysis. BAPN upregulated BMP-1 in static samples and BAPN combined with mechanical loading downregulated LOX when compared to control-static samples. Results showed a higher indentation modulus in BAPN-loaded samples compared to control-loaded samples. Loading increased the mature-to-immature crosslink ratios in control samples, and BAPN increased the height ratio in static samples. In summary, effects of BAPN (upregulation of genes involved in crosslinking, mature/immature crosslinking ratios, upward trend in collagen elasticity) were mitigated by mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia P Canelón
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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16
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Al-Gubory KH. Shedding light on fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy: Applications in biomedical imaging and therapies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900146. [PMID: 31343844 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discoveries of major importance in life sciences and preclinical research are linked to the invention of microscopes that enable imaging of cells and their microstructures. Imaging technologies involving in vivo procedures using fluorescent dyes that permit labelling of cells have been developed over the last two decades. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is an imaging technology equipped with fiber-optic probes to deliver light to organs and tissues of live animals. This enables not only in vivo detection of fluorescent signals and visualization of cells, but also the study of dynamic processes, such cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, under physiological and pathological conditions. This will allow the diagnosis of diseased organs and tissues and the evaluation of the efficacy of new therapies in animal models of human diseases. The aim of this report is to shed light on FCFM and its potential medical applications and discusses some factors that compromise the reliability and reproducibility of monitoring biological processes by FCFM. This report also highlights the issues concerning animal experimentation and welfare, and the contributions of FCFM to the 3Rs principals, replacement, reduction and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Department of Animal Physiology, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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17
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Freedman BR, Rodriguez AB, Hillin CD, Weiss SN, Han B, Han L, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon healing affects the multiscale mechanical, structural and compositional response of tendon to quasi-static tensile loading. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0880. [PMID: 29467258 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon experiences a variety of multiscale changes to its extracellular matrix during mechanical loading at the fascicle, fibre and fibril levels. For example, tensile loading of tendon increases its stiffness, with organization of collagen fibres, and increases cell strain in the direction of loading. Although applied macroscale strains correlate to cell and nuclear strains in uninjured tendon, the multiscale response during tendon healing remains unknown and may affect cell mechanosensing and response. Therefore, this study evaluated multiscale structure-function mechanisms in response to quasi-static tensile loading in uninjured and healing tendons. We found that tendon healing affected the macroscale mechanical and structural response to mechanical loading, evidenced by decreases in strain stiffening and collagen fibre realignment. At the micro- and nanoscales, healing resulted in increased collagen fibre disorganization, nuclear disorganization, decreased change in nuclear aspect ratio with loading, and decreased indentation modulus compared to uninjured tendons. Taken together, this work supports a new concept of nuclear strain transfer attenuation during tendon healing and identifies several multiscale properties that may contribute. Our work also provides benchmarks for the biomechanical microenvironments that tendon cells may experience following cell delivery therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Ashley B Rodriguez
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Cody D Hillin
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Stephanie N Weiss
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
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18
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Schulze M, Rogge M, Stark RW. Atomic force microscopy measurements probing the mechanical properties of single collagen fibrils under the influence of UV light in situ. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:415-421. [PMID: 30216931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Collagen plays a decisive role as a functional substrate in tissue engineering. In particular, the rigidity of the collagen influences the behaviour of the attached cells. Thus, modification and controlled adjustment of collagen's characteristics are essential. To this end, controlled exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a promising process because it can be temporally and spatially well defined. In this study, we investigated the effect of UV exposure on surface supported single collagen fibrils in situ. This procedure allowed for a direct comparison between the untreated and modified states of type I collagen. Atomic force microscopy was used to map the mechanical properties. Exposure to UV light was used to influence the mechanical properties of the fibrils in varied liquid environments (deionized water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)). The results led to the assumption that combined UV/thermal treatment in deionized water continuously lowers the elastic modulus. In contrast, experiments performed in PBS-based solutions in combination with UV-B and UV-C light or thermal treatment up to 45 °C suggested an increase in the modulus within the first 30-40 min that subsequently decreased again. Thus, the wavelength, exposure, temperature, and chemical environment are relevant parameters that need to be controlled when modifying collagen using UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schulze
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Melanie Rogge
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert W Stark
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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19
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Keen AN, Fenna AJ, McConnell JC, Sherratt MJ, Gardner P, Shiels HA. Macro- and micromechanical remodelling in the fish atrium is associated with regulation of collagen 1 alpha 3 chain expression. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1205-1219. [PMID: 29594338 PMCID: PMC6060776 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous pathologies lead to remodelling of the mammalian ventricle, often associated with fibrosis. Recent work in fish has shown that fibrotic remodelling of the ventricle is 'reversible', changing seasonally as temperature-induced changes in blood viscosity alter haemodynamic load on the heart. The atrial response to varying haemodynamic load is less understood in mammals and completely unexplored in non-mammalian vertebrates. To investigate atrial remodelling, rainbow trout were chronically cooled (from 10 ± 1 to 5 ± 1 °C) and chronically warmed (from 10 ± 1 to 18 ± 1 °C) for a minimum of 8 weeks. We assessed the functional effects on compliance using ex vivo heart preparations and atomic force microscopy nano-indentation and found chronic cold increased passive stiffness of the whole atrium and micromechanical stiffness of tissue sections. We then performed histological, biochemical and molecular assays to probe the mechanisms underlying functional remodelling of the atrial tissue. We found cooling resulted in collagen deposition which was associated with an upregulation of collagen-promoting genes, including the fish-specific collagen I alpha 3 chain, and a reduction in gelatinase activity of collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Finally, we found that cooling reduced mRNA expression of cardiac growth factors and hypertrophic markers. Following long-term warming, there was an opposing response to that seen with cooling; however, these changes were more moderate. Our findings suggest that chronic cooling causes atrial dilation and increased myocardial stiffness in trout atria analogous to pathological states defined by changes in preload or afterload of the mammalian atria. The reversal of this phenotype following chronic warming is particularly interesting as it suggests that typically pathological features of mammalian atrial remodelling may oscillate seasonally in the fish, revealing a more dynamic and plastic atrial remodelling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Keen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Fenna
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James C McConnell
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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20
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Peñuela L, Negro C, Massa M, Repaci E, Cozzani E, Parodi A, Scaglione S, Quarto R, Raiteri R. Atomic force microscopy for biomechanical and structural analysis of human dermis: A complementary tool for medical diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:150-155. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Peñuela
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Carola Negro
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Michela Massa
- Advanced Biotechnology Center; San Martino Hospital; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Erica Repaci
- Advanced Biotechnology Center; San Martino Hospital; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Clinic of Dermatology, DISSAL; Section of Dermatology; University of Genoa; IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Clinic of Dermatology, DISSAL; Section of Dermatology; University of Genoa; IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- Research National Council; IEIIT Institute (CNR-IEIIT) Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Advanced Biotechnology Center; San Martino Hospital; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Roberto Raiteri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
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21
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Zhang Y, Ingham B, Cheong S, Ariotti N, Tilley RD, Naffa R, Holmes G, Clarke DJ, Prabakar S. Real-Time Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Collagen Structure during Leather Processing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Ingham
- Callaghan Innovation, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Electron
Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Electron
Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- Electron
Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafea Naffa
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - David J. Clarke
- Callaghan Innovation, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand, P.O. Box 8094, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
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22
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Kim YA, Tarahovsky YS, Gaidin SG, Yagolnik EA, Muzafarov EN. Flavonoids determine the rate of fibrillogenesis and structure of collagen type I fibrils in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Wells HC, Sizeland KH, Kelly SJ, Kirby N, Hawley A, Mudie S, Haverkamp RG. Collagen Fibril Intermolecular Spacing Changes with 2-Propanol: A Mechanism for Tissue Stiffness. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2524-2532. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Wells
- School
of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag
11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Katie H. Sizeland
- School
of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag
11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Susyn J.R. Kelly
- School
of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag
11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Adrian Hawley
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stephen Mudie
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Richard G. Haverkamp
- School
of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag
11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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24
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Zhang Y, Ingham B, Leveneur J, Cheong S, Yao Y, Clarke DJ, Holmes G, Kennedy J, Prabakar S. Can sodium silicates affect collagen structure during tanning? Insights from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium silicates can pseudo-stabilize collagen molecules during leather processing by preventing collagen molecules from undergoing conformational changes due to the silica coating on the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
| | | | - Jérôme Leveneur
- National Isotope Centre
- GNS Sciences
- Lower Hutt 5040
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Electron Microscope Unit
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope Unit
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
| | - John Kennedy
- National Isotope Centre
- GNS Sciences
- Lower Hutt 5040
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Sujay Prabakar
- Leather and Shoe Research Association of New Zealand
- Palmerston North 4472
- New Zealand
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25
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Canelón SP, Wallace JM. β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Reduction in Enzymatic Crosslinking Causes In Vitro Changes in Collagen Morphology and Molecular Composition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166392. [PMID: 27829073 PMCID: PMC5102343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen morphology can be characterized using fibril D-spacing, a metric which describes the periodicity of repeating bands of gap and overlap regions of collagen molecules arranged into collagen fibrils. This fibrillar structure is stabilized by enzymatic crosslinks initiated by lysyl oxidase (LOX), a step which can be disrupted using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Murine in vivo studies have confirmed effects of BAPN on collagen nanostructure and the objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of these effects in vitro by measuring D-spacing, evaluating the ratio of mature to immature crosslinks, and quantifying gene expression of type I collagen and LOX. Osteoblasts were cultured in complete media, and differentiated using ascorbic acid, in the presence or absence of 0.25mM BAPN-fumarate. The matrix produced was imaged using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 2D Fast Fourier transforms were performed to extract D-spacing from individual fibrils. The experiment was repeated for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The D-spacing distribution of collagen produced in the presence of BAPN was shifted toward higher D-spacing values, indicating BAPN affects the morphology of collagen produced in vitro, supporting aforementioned in vivo experiments. In contrast, no difference in gene expression was found for any target gene, suggesting LOX inhibition does not upregulate the LOX gene to compensate for the reduction in aldehyde formation, or regulate expression of genes encoding type I collagen. Finally, the mature to immature crosslink ratio decreased with BAPN treatment and was linked to a reduction in peak percent area of mature crosslink hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP). In conclusion, in vitro treatment of osteoblasts with low levels of BAPN did not induce changes in genes encoding LOX or type I collagen, but led to an increase in collagen D-spacing as well as a decrease in mature crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia P. Canelón
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Hammond MA, Laine TJ, Berman AG, Wallace JM. Treadmill Exercise Improves Fracture Toughness and Indentation Modulus without Altering the Nanoscale Morphology of Collagen in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163273. [PMID: 27655444 PMCID: PMC5031456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The specifics of how the nanoscale properties of collagen (e.g., the crosslinking profile) affect the mechanical integrity of bone at larger length scales is poorly understood despite growing evidence that collagen’s nanoscale properties are altered with disease. Additionally, mass independent increases in postyield displacement due to exercise suggest loading-induced improvements in bone quality associated with collagen. To test whether disease-induced reductions in bone quality driven by alterations in collagen can be rescued or prevented via exercise-mediated changes to collagen’s nanoscale morphology and mechanical properties, the effects of treadmill exercise and β-aminopropionitrile treatment were investigated. Eight week old female C57BL/6 mice were given a daily subcutaneous injection of either 164 mg/kg β-aminopropionitrile or phosphate buffered saline while experiencing either normal cage activity or 30 min of treadmill exercise for 21 consecutive days. Despite differences in D-spacing distribution (P = 0.003) and increased cortical area (tibial: P = 0.005 and femoral: P = 0.015) due to β-aminopropionitrile treatment, an overt mechanical disease state was not achieved as there were no differences in fracture toughness or 4 point bending due to β-aminopropionitrile treatment. While exercise did not alter (P = 0.058) the D-spacing distribution of collagen or prevent (P < 0.001) the β-aminopropionitrile-induced changes present in the unexercised animals, there were differential effects in the distribution of the reduced elastic modulus due to exercise between control and β-aminopropionitrile-treated animals (P < 0.001). Fracture toughness was increased (P = 0.043) as a main effect of exercise, but no significant differences due to exercise were observed using 4 point bending. Future studies should examine the potential for sex specific differences in the dose of β-aminopropionitrile required to induce mechanical effects in mice and the contributions of other nanoscale aspects of bone (e.g., the mineral–collagen interface) to elucidate the mechanism for the exercise-based improvements in fracture toughness observed here and the increased postyield deformation observed in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Hammond
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tyler J. Laine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Alycia G. Berman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Gu C, Katti DR, Katti KS. On-site SEM and nanomechanical properties of human OI bone. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.15.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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28
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Li T, Chang SW, Rodriguez-Florez N, Buehler MJ, Shefelbine S, Dao M, Zeng K. Studies of chain substitution caused sub-fibril level differences in stiffness and ultrastructure of wildtype and oim/oim collagen fibers using multifrequency-AFM and molecular modeling. Biomaterials 2016; 107:15-22. [PMID: 27589372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular alteration in type I collagen, i.e., substituting the α2 chain with α1 chain in tropocollagen molecule, can cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a brittle bone disease, which can be represented by a mouse model (oim/oim). In this work, we use dual-frequency Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and incorporated with molecular modeling to quantify the ultrastructure and stiffness of the individual native collagen fibers from wildtype (+/+) and oim/oim diseased mice humeri. Our work presents direct experimental evidences that the +/+ fibers have highly organized and compact ultrastructure and corresponding ordered stiffness distribution. In contrast, oim/oim fibers have ordered but loosely packed ultrastructure with uncorrelated stiffness distribution, as well as local defects. The molecular model also demonstrates the structural and molecular packing differences between +/+ and oim/oim collagens. The molecular mutation significantly altered sub-fibril structure and mechanical property of collagen fibers. This study can give the new insight for the mechanisms and treatment of the brittle bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Jastrzebska M, Tarnawska D, Wrzalik R, Chrobak A, Grelowski M, Wylegala E, Zygadlo D, Ratuszna A. New insight into the shortening of the collagen fibril D-period in human cornea. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:551-563. [PMID: 26872619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1153520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils type I display a typical banding pattern, so-called D-periodicity, of about 67 nm, when visualized by atomic force or electron microscopy imaging. Herein we report on a significant shortening of the D-period for human corneal collagen fibrils type I (21 ± 4 nm) upon air-drying, whereas no changes in the D-period were observed for human scleral collagen fibrils type I (64 ± 4 nm) measured under the same experimental conditions as the cornea. It was also found that for the corneal stroma fixed with glutaraldehyde and air-dried, the collagen fibrils show the commonly accepted D-period of 61 ± 8 nm. We used the atomic force microscopy method to image collagen fibrils type I present in the middle layers of human cornea and sclera. The water content in the cornea and sclera samples was varying in the range of .066-.085. Calculations of the D-period using the theoretical model of the fibril and the FFT approach allowed to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of the D-period shortening in the corneal collagen fibrils upon drying. It was found that both the decrease in the shift and the simultaneous reduction in the distance between tropocollagen molecules can be responsible for the experimentally observed effect. We also hypothesize that collagen type V, which co-assembles with collagen type I into heterotypic fibrils in cornea, could be involved in the observed shortening of the corneal D-period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jastrzebska
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Dorota Tarnawska
- b Faculty of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Clinical Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Silesia , Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice , Poland.,c Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Roman Wrzalik
- c Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Artur Chrobak
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Michal Grelowski
- d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Edward Wylegala
- b Faculty of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Clinical Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Silesia , Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice , Poland
| | - Dorota Zygadlo
- d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
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Keen AN, Fenna AJ, McConnell JC, Sherratt MJ, Gardner P, Shiels HA. The Dynamic Nature of Hypertrophic and Fibrotic Remodeling of the Fish Ventricle. Front Physiol 2016; 6:427. [PMID: 26834645 PMCID: PMC4720793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure or volume overload can cause the vertebrate heart to remodel. The hearts of fish remodel in response to seasonal temperature change. Here we focus on the passive properties of the fish heart. Building upon our previous work on thermal-remodeling of the rainbow trout ventricle, we hypothesized that chronic cooling would initiate fibrotic cardiac remodeling, with increased myocardial stiffness, similar to that seen with pathological hypertrophy in mammals. We hypothesized that, in contrast to pathological hypertrophy in mammals, the remodeling response in fish would be plastic and the opposite response would occur following chronic warming. Rainbow trout held at 10°C (control group) were chronically (>8 weeks) exposed to cooling (5°C) or warming (18°C). Chronic cold induced hypertrophy in the highly trabeculated inner layer of the fish heart, with a 41% increase in myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, and an up-regulation of hypertrophic marker genes. Cold acclimation also increased collagen deposition by 1.7-fold and caused an up-regulation of collagen promoting genes. In contrast, chronic warming reduced myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, expression of hypertrophic markers and collagen deposition. Functionally, the cold-induced fibrosis and hypertrophy were associated with increased passive stiffness of the whole ventricle and with increased micromechanical stiffness of tissue sections. The opposite occurred with chronic warming. These findings suggest chronic cooling in the trout heart invokes a hypertrophic phenotype with increased cardiac stiffness and fibrosis that are associated with pathological hypertrophy in the mammalian heart. The loss of collagen and increased compliance following warming is particularly interesting as it suggests fibrosis may oscillate seasonally in the fish heart, revealing a more dynamic nature than the fibrosis associated with dysfunction in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Keen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Fenna
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - James C McConnell
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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31
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McConnell JC, O'Connell OV, Brennan K, Weiping L, Howe M, Joseph L, Knight D, O'Cualain R, Lim Y, Leek A, Waddington R, Rogan J, Astley SM, Gandhi A, Kirwan CC, Sherratt MJ, Streuli CH. Increased peri-ductal collagen micro-organization may contribute to raised mammographic density. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:5. [PMID: 26747277 PMCID: PMC4706673 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mammographic density is a therapeutically modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Although mammographic density is correlated with the relative abundance of collagen-rich fibroglandular tissue, the causative mechanisms, associated structural remodelling and mechanical consequences remain poorly defined. In this study we have developed a new collaborative bedside-to-bench workflow to determine the relationship between mammographic density, collagen abundance and alignment, tissue stiffness and the expression of extracellular matrix organising proteins. METHODS Mammographic density was assessed in 22 post-menopausal women (aged 54-66 y). A radiologist and a pathologist identified and excised regions of elevated non-cancerous X-ray density prior to laboratory characterization. Collagen abundance was determined by both Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red staining (which enhances collagen birefringence when viewed under polarised light). The structural specificity of these collagen visualisation methods was determined by comparing the relative birefringence and ultrastructure (visualised by atomic force microscopy) of unaligned collagen I fibrils in reconstituted gels with the highly aligned collagen fibrils in rat tail tendon. Localised collagen fibril organisation and stiffness was also evaluated in tissue sections by atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy and the abundance of key extracellular proteins was assessed using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mammographic density was positively correlated with the abundance of aligned periductal fibrils rather than with the abundance of amorphous collagen. Compared with matched tissue resected from the breasts of low mammographic density patients, the highly birefringent tissue in mammographically dense breasts was both significantly stiffer and characterised by large (>80 μm long) fibrillar collagen bundles. Subsequent proteomic analyses not only confirmed the absence of collagen fibrosis in high mammographic density tissue, but additionally identified the up-regulation of periostin and collagen XVI (regulators of collagen fibril structure and architecture) as potential mediators of localised mechanical stiffness. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that remodelling, and hence stiffening, of the existing stromal collagen microarchitecture promotes high mammographic density within the breast. In turn, this aberrant mechanical environment may trigger neoplasia-associated mechanotransduction pathways within the epithelial cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C McConnell
- Centre for Tissue Injury & Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Oliver V O'Connell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Keith Brennan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa Weiping
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Miles Howe
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Leena Joseph
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ronan O'Cualain
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. ronan.o'
| | - Yit Lim
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Angela Leek
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachael Waddington
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jane Rogan
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Tissue Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Susan M Astley
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ashu Gandhi
- University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Cliona C Kirwan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Centre for Tissue Injury & Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Methods of Assessing Human Tendon Metabolism and Tissue Properties in Response to Changes in Mechanical Loading. METABOLIC INFLUENCES ON RISK FOR TENDON DISORDERS 2016; 920:97-106. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Duan X, Liu Z, Gan Y, Xia D, Li Q, Li Y, Yang J, Gao S, Dong M. Mutations in COL1A1 Gene Change Dentin Nanostructure. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 299:511-9. [PMID: 26694865 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have attempted to associate specific gene mutations with dentin phenotypic severity, it remains unknown how the mutations in COL1A1 gene influence the mechanical behavior of dentin collagen and matrix. Here, we reported one osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) pedigree caused by two new inserting mutations in exon 5 of COL1A1 (NM_000088.3:c.440_441insT;c.441_442insA), which resulted in the unstable expression of COL1A1 mRNA and half quantity of procollagen production. We investigated the morphological and mechanical features of proband's dentin using atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Increased D-periodic spacing, variably enlarged collagen fibrils coating with fewer minerals were found in the mutated collagen. AFM analysis demonstrated rougher dentin surface and sparsely decreased Young's modulus in proband's dentin. We believe that our findings provide new insights into the genetic-/nano- mechanisms of dentin diseases, and may well explain OI dentin features with reduced mechanical strength and a lower crosslinked density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunna Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xia
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Qiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yanling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav WiedsVej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Berman AG, Wallace JM, Bart ZR, Allen MR. Raloxifene reduces skeletal fractures in an animal model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Matrix Biol 2015; 52-54:19-28. [PMID: 26707242 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease of Type I collagen and collagen-associated pathways that results in brittle bone behavior characterized by fracture and reduced mechanical properties. Based on previous work in our laboratory showing that raloxifene (RAL) can significantly improve bone mechanical properties through non-cellular mechanisms, we hypothesized that raloxifene would improve the mechanical properties of OI bone. In experiment 1, tibiae from female wild type (WT) and homozygous oim mice were subjected to in vitro soaking in RAL followed by mechanical tests. RAL soaking resulted in significantly higher post-yield displacement (+75% in WT, +472% in oim; p<0.004), with no effect on ultimate load or stiffness, in both WT and oim animals. In experiment 2, eight-week old WT and oim male mice were treated for eight weeks with saline vehicle (VEH) or RAL. Endpoint measures included assessment of in vivo skeletal fractures, bone density/geometry and mechanical properties. In vivo skeletal fractures of the femora, assessed by micro CT imaging, were significantly lower in oim-RAL (20%) compared to oim-VEH (48%, p=0.047). RAL led to significantly higher DXA-based BMD (p<0.01) and CT-based trabecular BV/TV in both WT and oim animals compared to those treated with VEH. Fracture toughness of the femora was lower in oim mice compared to WT and improved with RAL in both genotypes. These results suggest that raloxifene reduces the incidence of fracture in this mouse model of oim. Furthermore, they suggest that raloxifene's effects may be the result of both cellular (increased bone mass) and non-cellular (presumably changes in hydration) mechanisms, raising the possibility of using raloxifene, or related compounds, as a new approach for treating bone fragility associated with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia G Berman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zachary R Bart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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35
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Anisotropic properties of human cortical bone with osteogenesis imperfecta. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:155-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wallace JM. Effects of fixation and demineralization on bone collagen D-spacing as analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:68-75. [PMID: 25634588 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Collagen's role in bone is often considered secondary. As increased attention is paid to collagen, understanding the impact of tissue preservation is important in interpreting experimental results. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that bone fixation prior to demineralization would maintain its collagen ultrastructure in an undisturbed state when analyzed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). MATERIALS/METHODS The anterior diaphysis of a pig femur was cut into 6 mm pieces along its length. Samples were mounted, polished and randomly assigned to control or fixation groups (n = 5/group). Fixation samples were fixed for 24 h prior to demineralization. All samples were briefly demineralized to expose collagen, and imaged using AFM. Mouse tail tendons were also analyzed to explore effects of dehydration and fixation. Measurements from each bone sample were averaged and compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Tendon sample means were compared using RMANOVA. To investigate differences in D-spacing distributions, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used. RESULTS Fixation decreased D-spacing variability within and between bone samples and induced or maintained a higher average D-spacing versus control by shifting the D-spacing population upward. Tendon data indicate that fixing and drying samples leaves collagen near its undisturbed and hydrated native state. DISCUSSION Fixation in bone prior to demineralization decreased D-spacing variability. D-spacing was shifted upward in fixed samples, indicating that collagen is stretched with mineral present and relaxes upon its removal. The ability to decrease variability in bone suggests that fixation might increase the power to detect changes in collagen due to disease or other pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN , USA and
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37
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Sizeland KH, Edmonds RL, Basil-Jones MM, Kirby N, Hawley A, Mudie S, Haverkamp RG. Changes to collagen structure during leather processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2499-2505. [PMID: 25658513 DOI: 10.1021/jf506357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As hides and skins are processed to produce leather, chemical and physical changes take place that affect the strength and other physical properties of the material. The structural basis of these changes at the level of the collagen fibrils is not fully understood and forms the basis of this investigation. Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to quantify fibril orientation and D-spacing through eight stages of processing from fresh green ovine skins to staked dry crust leather. Both the D-spacing and fibril orientation change with processing. The changes in thickness of the leather during processing affect the fibril orientation index (OI) and account for much of the OI differences between process stages. After thickness is accounted for, the main difference in OI is due to the hydration state of the material, with dry materials being less oriented than wet. Similarly significant differences in D-spacing are found at different process stages. These are due also to the moisture content, with dry samples having a smaller D-spacing. This understanding is useful for relating structural changes that occur during different stages of processing to the development of the final physical characteristics of leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie H Sizeland
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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38
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Svensson RB, Couppé C, Magnusson SP. Mechanical Properties of the Aging Tendon. ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hammond MA, Gallant MA, Burr DB, Wallace JM. Nanoscale changes in collagen are reflected in physical and mechanical properties of bone at the microscale in diabetic rats. Bone 2014; 60:26-32. [PMID: 24269519 PMCID: PMC3944921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes detrimentally affects the musculoskeletal system by stiffening the collagen matrix due to increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this study, tibiae and tendon from Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rats were compared to Sprague-Dawley derived controls (CD) using Atomic Force Microscopy. ZDSD and CD tibiae were compared using Raman Spectroscopy and Reference Point Indentation (RPI). ZDSD bone had a significantly different distribution of collagen D-spacing than CD (p=0.015; ZDSD n=294 fibrils; CD n=274 fibrils) which was more variable and shifted to higher values. This shift between ZDSD and CD D-spacing distribution was more pronounced in tendon (p<0.001; ZDSD n=350; CD n=371). Raman revealed significant increases in measures of bone matrix mineralization in ZDSD (PO4(3-) ν1/Amide I p=0.008; PO4(3-) ν1/CH2 wag p=0.047; n=5 per group) despite lower bone mineral density (aBMD) and ash fraction indicating diabetes may preferentially reduce the Raman signature of collagen. Decreased indentation distance increase (p=0.010) and creep indentation distance (p=0.040) measured by RPI (n=9 per group) in ZDSD rats suggest a matrix more resistant to indentation under the high stresses associated with RPI at this length scale. There were significant correlations between Raman and RPI measurements in the ZDSD population (n=18 locations) but not the CD population (n=16 locations) indicating that while RPI is relatively unaffected by biological noise, it is sensitive to disease-induced compositional changes. In conclusion, diabetes in the ZDSD rat causes changes to the nanoscale morphology of collagen that result in compositional and mechanical effects in bone at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Hammond
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maxime A Gallant
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - David B Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Gonzalez AD, Gallant MA, Burr DB, Wallace JM. Multiscale analysis of morphology and mechanics in tail tendon from the ZDSD rat model of type 2 diabetes. J Biomech 2013; 47:681-6. [PMID: 24360194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) impacts multiple organ systems including the circulatory, renal, nervous and musculoskeletal systems. In collagen-based tissues, one mechanism that may be responsible for detrimental mechanical impacts of T2D is the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leading to increased collagen stiffness and decreased toughness, resulting in brittle tissue behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate tendon mechanical properties from normal and diabetic rats at two distinct length scales, testing the hypothesis that increased stiffness and strength and decreased toughness at the fiber level would be associated with alterations in nanoscale morphology and mechanics. Individual fascicles from female Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rats had no differences in fascicle-level mechanical properties but had increased material-level strength and stiffness versus control rats (CD). At the nanoscale, collagen fibril D-spacing was shifted towards higher spacing values in diabetic ZDSD fibrils. The distribution of nanoscale modulus values was also shifted to higher values. Material-level strength and stiffness from whole fiber tests were increased in ZDSD tails. Correlations between nanoscale and microscale properties indicate a direct positive relationship between the two length scales, most notably in the relationship between nanoscale and microscale modulus. These findings indicate that diabetes-induced changes in material strength and modulus were driven by alterations at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Diaz Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan Street SL220D, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maxime A Gallant
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David B Burr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan Street SL220D, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan Street SL220D, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Warden SJ, Galley MR, Hurd AL, Wallace JM, Gallant MA, Richard JS, George LA. Elevated mechanical loading when young provides lifelong benefits to cortical bone properties in female rats independent of a surgically induced menopause. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3178-87. [PMID: 23782938 PMCID: PMC3749484 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise that mechanically loads the skeleton is advocated when young to enhance lifelong bone health. Whether the skeletal benefits of elevated loading when young persist into adulthood and after menopause are important questions. This study investigated the influence of a surgically induced menopause in female Sprague-Dawley rats on the lifelong maintenance of the cortical bone benefits of skeletal loading when young. Animals had their right forearm extrinsically loaded 3 d/wk between 4 and 10 weeks of age using the forearm axial compression loading model. Left forearms were internal controls and not loaded. Animals were subsequently detrained (restricted to cage activities) for 94 weeks (until age 2 years), with ovariectomy (OVX) or sham-OVX surgery being performed at 24 weeks of age. Loading enhanced midshaft ulna cortical bone mass, structure, and estimated strength. These benefits persisted lifelong and contributed to loaded ulnas having greater strength after detraining. Loading also had effects on cortical bone quality. The benefits of loading when young were not influenced by a surgically induced menopause because there were no interactions between loading and surgery. However, OVX had independent effects on cortical bone mass, structure, and estimated strength at early postsurgery time points (up to age 58 weeks) and bone quality measures. These data indicate skeletal loading when young had lifelong benefits on cortical bone properties that persisted independent of a surgically induced menopause. This suggests that skeletal loading associated with exercise when young may provide lifelong antifracture benefits by priming the skeleton to offset the cortical bone changes associated with aging and menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Warden
- Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Fang M, Holl MMB. Variation in type I collagen fibril nanomorphology: the significance and origin. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:394. [PMID: 24422113 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the axial D-periodic spacing is a well-recognized nanomorphological feature of type I collagen fibrils, the existence of a distribution of values has been largely overlooked since its discovery seven decades ago. Studies based on single fibril measurements occasionally noted variation in D-spacing values, but accredited it with no biological significance. Recent quantitative characterizations supported that a 10-nm collagen D-spacing distribution is intrinsic to collagen fibrils in various tissues as well as in vitro self-assembly of reconstituted collagen. In addition, the distribution is altered in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and long-term estrogen deprivation. Bone collagen is organized into lamellar sheets of bundles at the micro-scale, and D-spacings within a bundle of a lamella are mostly identical, whereas variations among different bundles contribute to the full-scale distribution. This seems to be a very general phenomenon for the protein as the same type of D-spacing/bundle organization is observed for dermal and tendon collagen. More research investigation of collagen nanomorphology in connection to bone biology is required to fully understand these new observations. Here we review the data demonstrating the existence of a D-spacing distribution, the impact of disease on the distribution and possible explanations for the origin of D-spacing variations based on various collagen fibrillogenesis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Fang M, Goldstein EL, Matich EK, Orr BG, Holl MMB. Type I collagen self-assembly: the roles of substrate and concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2330-2338. [PMID: 23339654 DOI: 10.1021/la3048104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Collagen molecules, self-assembled into macroscopic hierarchical tissue networks, are the main organic building block of many biological tissues. A particularly common and important form of this self-assembly consists of type I collagen fibrils, which exhibit a nanoscopic signature, D-periodic gap/overlap spacing, with a distribution of values centered at approximately 67 nm. In order to better understand the relationship between type I collagen self-assembly and D-spacing distribution, we investigated surface-mediated collagen self-assembly as a function of substrate and incubation concentration. Collagen fibril assembly on phlogopite and muscovite mica as well as fibrillar gel coextrusion in glass capillary tubes all exhibited D-spacing distributions similar to those commonly observed in biological tissues. The observation of D-spacing distribution by self-assembly of type I collagen alone is significant as it eliminates the necessity to invoke other preassembly or postassembly hypotheses, such as variation in the content of collagen types, enzymatic cross-linking, or other post-translational modifications, as mechanistic origins of D-spacing distribution. The D-spacing distribution on phlogopite mica is independent of type I collagen concentration, but on muscovite mica D-spacing distributions showed increased negative skewness at 20 μg/mL and higher concentrations. Tilted D-spacing angles were found to correlate with decreased D-spacing measurements, an effect that can be removed with a tilt angle correction, resulting in no concentration dependence of D-spacing distribution on muscovite mica. We then demonstrated that tilted D-spacing is uncommon in biological tissues and it does not explain previous observations of low D-spacing values in ovariectomized dermis and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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