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Becker M, Hesse V. Minipuberty: Why Does it Happen? Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:76-84. [PMID: 32599600 DOI: 10.1159/000508329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minipuberty describes the transient sex-specific activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis during the first 6 months of life in boys and during the first 2 years in girls. It leads to a rise of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone. The existence of minipuberty has been known for >40 years, but we still do not fully understand why it takes place. Current thinking suggests that it is an essential imprinting period for different body functions. Firstly, minipuberty plays an important role in genital organ development; testosterone influences penile growth, the number of Sertoli cells, and spermatogenesis. Secondly, it seems to influence the infant's body composition; testosterone likely has an imprinting effect on BMI and body weight of boys and growth velocity in the first 6 months of life. Thirdly, it affects cognitive functions; testosterone has an impact on language organization in the infant brain and estradiol affects laryngeal sound production and baby babbling. There are inconsistent findings concerning the impact of minipuberty on sex-specific playing behavior. Minipuberty is an interesting field of research, and further studies in this area will teach us more about this exciting period of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Becker
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (DECCP), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg,
| | - Volker Hesse
- DEUZWEG German Center for Growth, Development and Health Promotion in Childhood and Adolescence, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Leffler J, Stumbles PA, Strickland DH. Immunological Processes Driving IgE Sensitisation and Disease Development in Males and Females. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1554. [PMID: 29882879 PMCID: PMC6032271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE sensitisation has increased significantly over the last decades and is a crucial factor in the development of allergic diseases. IgE antibodies are produced by B cells through the process of antigen presentation by dendritic cells, subsequent differentiation of CD4⁺ Th2 cells, and class switching in B cells. However, many of the factors regulating these processes remain unclear. These processes affect males and females differently, resulting in a significantly higher prevalence of IgE sensitisation in males compared to females from an early age. Before the onset of puberty, this increased prevalence of IgE sensitisation is also associated with a higher prevalence of clinical symptoms in males; however, after puberty, females experience a surge in the incidence of allergic symptoms. This is particularly apparent in allergic asthma, but also in other allergic diseases such as food and contact allergies. This has been partly attributed to the pro- versus anti-allergic effects of female versus male sex hormones; however, it remains unclear how the expression of sex hormones translates IgE sensitisation into clinical symptoms. In this review, we describe the recent epidemiological findings on IgE sensitisation in male and females and discuss recent mechanistic studies casting further light on how the expression of sex hormones may influence the innate and adaptive immune system at mucosal surfaces and how sex hormones may be involved in translating IgE sensitisation into clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
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3
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Hormone-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Life Sci 2017; 191:259-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Anzai Á, Marcondes RR, Gonçalves TH, Carvalho KC, Simões MJ, Garcia N, Soares JM, Padmanabhan V, Baracat EC, da Silva IDCG, Maciel GAR. Impaired branched-chain amino acid metabolism may underlie the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like pathology of neonatal testosterone-treated female rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13167. [PMID: 29030588 PMCID: PMC5640623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD in PCOS are not well known. We investigated histological changes and metabolomic profile in the liver of rat models of PCOS phenotype induced by testosterone or estradiol. Two-day old female rats received sc injections of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (Testos; n = 10), 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (E2; n = 10), or vehicle (control group, CNT; n = 10). Animals were euthanized at 90-94 d of age and the liver was harvested for histological and metabolomic analyses. Findings showed only Testos group exhibited fatty liver morphology and higher levels of ketogenic and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Enrichment analysis showed effects of testosterone on BCAA degradation pathway and mitochondrial enzymes related to BCAA metabolism. Testos group also had a decreased liver fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) activity. E2 group had reduced lipid and acylcarnitine metabolites in the liver. Both groups had increased organic cation transporters (SLC22A4 and SLC16A9) activity. These findings indicate that neonatal testosterone treatment, but not estradiol, produces histological changes in female rat liver that mimic NAFLD with testosterone-treated rats showing impaired BCAA metabolism and dysfunctions in ELOVL2, SLC22A4 and SLC16A9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Anzai
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Marcondes
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil.
| | - Thiago H Gonçalves
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genetica, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - José M Soares
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ismael D C G da Silva
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Molecular e Proteomica, Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil.
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Tian Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Heng D, Xu K, Liu W, Zhang C. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of GLUT by T3 and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Rat Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1898-1915. [PMID: 28324019 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are important for normal reproductive function. Although 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) enhances follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced preantral follicle growth and granulosa cells development in vitro, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating ovarian development via glucose. In this study, we investigated whether and how T3 combines with FSH to regulate glucose transporter protein (GLUT) expression and glucose uptake in granulosa cells. In this study, we present evidence that T3 and FSH cotreatment significantly increased GLUT-1/GLUT-4 expression, and translocation in cells, as well as glucose uptake. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)3 expression, total NOS and NOS3 activity, and NO content in granulosa cells. Furthermore, we found that activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is required for the regulation of GLUT expression, translocation, and glucose uptake by hormones. We also found that l-arginine upregulated GLUT-1/GLUT-4 expression and translocation, which were related to increased glucose uptake; however, these responses were significantly blocked by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methylester. In addition, inhibiting NO production attenuated T3- and FSH-induced GLUT expression, translocation, and glucose uptake in granulosa cells. Our data demonstrate that T3 and FSH cotreatment potentiates cellular glucose uptake via GLUT upregulation and translocation, which are mediated through the activation of the mTOR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Meanwhile, NOS3/NO are also involved in this regulatory system. These findings suggest that GLUT is a mediator of T3- and FSH-induced follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Heng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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6
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Regulation of glucose transport by thyroid hormone in rat ovary. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:455-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Becker M, Oehler K, Partsch CJ, Ulmen U, Schmutzler R, Cammann H, Hesse V. Hormonal 'minipuberty' influences the somatic development of boys but not of girls up to the age of 6 years. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:694-701. [PMID: 26031777 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormonal 'minipuberty' refers to a transient sex-specific surge of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in the first few months of life. We hypothesized a potential long-term effect of this hormonal surge on somatic parameters in the following years and therefore designed this longitudinal study. DESIGN A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the potential influence of hormone concentrations during minipuberty on anthropometric measurements conducted in the first 6 years of life. PATIENTS Thirty-five healthy babies (17 male, 18 female) were the participants. MEASUREMENTS Testosterone, E2, SHBG, LH and FSH were measured at the ages of four, eight and 20 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were taken eight times in the first 12 months, then every 6 months up to the age of 6 years. RESULTS A significant negative effect was found in boys between testosterone and LH levels at 8 weeks and body weight up to the age of 6 years and BMI up to 6 years (LH) and 3 years (T), respectively. A further negative effect was found between E2 levels at the age of 20 weeks and body weight as well as body length in the years that followed. A positive effect was observed between E2 at the age of 4 weeks and skinfold thickness up to the age of 6 years in boys. No significant effects were found in girls. CONCLUSIONS The findings seem to reflect an up to now unknown long-term influence of the physiological early hormonal surge on the subsequent male but not female somatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Becker
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Children's Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Growth, Development, and Health Encouragement during Childhood and Youth ('DeuZ-W.E.G.'), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Oehler
- Laboratory Medicine, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Ulmen
- German Center for Growth, Development, and Health Encouragement during Childhood and Youth ('DeuZ-W.E.G.'), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Schmutzler
- German Center for Growth, Development, and Health Encouragement during Childhood and Youth ('DeuZ-W.E.G.'), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Cammann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Hesse
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Children's Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Growth, Development, and Health Encouragement during Childhood and Youth ('DeuZ-W.E.G.'), Berlin, Germany
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8
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Jang H, Bhasin S, Guarneri T, Serra C, Schneider M, Lee MJ, Guo W, Fried SK, Pencina K, Jasuja R. The Effects of a Single Developmentally Entrained Pulse of Testosterone in Female Neonatal Mice on Reproductive and Metabolic Functions in Adult Life. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3737-46. [PMID: 26132920 PMCID: PMC4588815 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early postnatal exposures to sex steroids have been well recognized to modulate predisposition to diseases of adulthood. There is a complex interplay between timing, duration and dose of endocrine exposures through environmental or dietary sources that may alter the sensitivity of target tissues to the exogenous stimuli. In this study, we determined the metabolic and reproductive programming effects of a single developmentally entrained pulse of testosterone (T) given to female mice in early postnatal period. CD-1 female mice pups were injected with either 5 μg of T enanthate (TE) or vehicle (control [CON] group) within 24 hours after birth and followed to adult age. A total of 66% of T-treated mice exhibited irregular cycling, anovulatory phenotype, and significantly higher ovarian weights than vehicle-treated mice. Longitudinal nuclear magnetic resonance measurements revealed that TE group had greater body weight, whole-body lean, and fat mass than the CON group. Adipose tissue cellularity analysis in TE group revealed a trend toward higher size and number than their littermate CONs. The brown adipose tissue of TE mice exhibited white fat infiltration with down-regulation of several markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, α-subunit-like effector A, bone morphogenetic protein 7 as well as brown adipose tissue differentiation-related transcription regulators. T-injected mice were also more insulin resistant than CON mice. These reproductive and metabolic reprogramming effects were not observed in animals exposed to TE at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Collectively, these data suggest that sustained reproductive and metabolic alterations may result in female mice from a transient exposure to T during a narrow postnatal developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Jang
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Tyler Guarneri
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Carlo Serra
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mary Schneider
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Susan K Fried
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Karol Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Ravi Jasuja
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (H.J., S.B., T.G., C.S., W.G., K.P., R.J.), Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (M.S., M.-J.L., S.K.F.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Marcondes RR, Carvalho KC, Duarte DC, Garcia N, Amaral VC, Simões MJ, Lo Turco EG, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Maciel GAR. Differences in neonatal exposure to estradiol or testosterone on ovarian function and hormonal levels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:28-33. [PMID: 25623143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an excess of androgen or estrogen can induce changes in reproductive function in adult animals that resemble polycystic ovary syndrome in humans. However, considerable differences exist among several types of animal models. Little is known about the molecular features of steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovaries of rats exposed to different sex steroids as neonates. Here, we evaluated the impact of androgen and estrogen exposure on the ovaries of adult female rats during their neonatal period in the gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1, two key players of steroidogenesis. We also assessed hormone levels, folliculogenesis and the theca-interstitial cell population. The study was performed on the second postnatal day in thirty female Wistar rats that were sorted into the following three intervention groups: testosterone, estradiol and vehicle (control group). The animals were euthanized 90 days after birth. The main outcomes were hormone serum levels, ovary histomorphometry and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1 as analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR. We found that exposure to excess testosterone in early life increased the LH and testosterone serum levels, the LH/FSH ratio, ovarian theca-interstitial area and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1 in adult rats. Estrogen induced an increase in the ovarian theca-interstitial area, the secondary follicle population and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1. All animals exposed to the sex steroids presented with closed vaginas. Our data suggest that testosterone resulted in more pronounced reproductive changes than did estrogen exposure. Our results might provide some insight into the role of different hormones on reproductive development and on the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Marcondes
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kátia C Carvalho
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Duarte
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Amaral
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson G Lo Turco
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04024002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Rezvani R, Gupta A, Smith J, Poursharifi P, Marceau P, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Cross-sectional associations of acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and adipose tissue gene expression with estradiol and progesterone in pre- and postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:736-45. [PMID: 25040699 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex steroid hormones play an important regulatory role in fat metabolism and obesity. We hypothesized involvement of interactions between ovarian hormones with acylation stimulating protein (ASP). DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS In 392 women with wide age (18-69 years) and body size (BMI: 17 to 90 kg/m(2) ) ranges, fasting plasma levels of ASP, ovarian hormones, glucose, adiponectin and lipids/apolipoproteins were assessed, along with determination of metabolic syndrome (MS) features. Gene expression of C3 (ASP precursor) and related receptors C5L2, C3aR and C5aR in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues was measured in a subset. RESULTS Acylation stimulating protein correlated negatively with concentrations of estradiol (P < 0·0001), adiponectin (P < 0·001) and apolipoprotein A1 (P < 0·001) and positively with apolipoprotein B levels (P < 0·001), systolic blood pressure (P < 0·001), waist circumference (P < 0·001), and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0·01). In age-matched groups of lean, overweight, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and obese with metabolic syndrome (MSO), there was a stepwise increase in ASP levels (P < 0·001) while concentrations of adiponectin (P < 0·0001) and estradiol (P < 0·001) but not those of progesterone decreased. Progesterone but not estradiol levels correlated positively with C3 gene expression in omental adipose tissue (P < 0·05) and negatively with C5L2 expression in both omental (P < 0·01) and subcutaneous (P < 0·05) adipose tissues. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the concept that sex hormones differentially influence circulating ASP and adipose tissue gene expression of its related proteins in a depot-specific manner. ASP may play a role in the regulation of regional fat metabolism through interactions with sex hormones in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Eleftheriades M, Pervanidou P, Vafaei H, Vaggos G, Dontas I, Skenderi K, Sebire NJ, Nicolaides K. Metabolic profiles of adult Wistar rats in relation to prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation: the role of birthweight. Hormones (Athens) 2014; 13:268-79. [PMID: 24776627 DOI: 10.1007/bf03401341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experimental study aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of combinations of prenatal and postnatal food manipulations on the metabolic profile of adult offspring. DESIGN On day 12 of gestation, 67 timed pregnant rats were randomized into three nutritional groups, control: standard laboratory food; starved: 50% food restricted, FR; fat-fed: fat-rich diet, FF. Seven hundred and seventy-four (774) pups were born on day 21 and culled to 8 (4 males, 4 females) per litter to normalize rearing. Rats born to starved mothers were later subdivided, based on birthweight (BiW), into fetal growth restricted (FGR) and non-FGR. The pups were then weaned to the diet of their fostered mother until one year old. Thus, 12 groups were studied: 1. CONTROL/CONTROL 14 rats, 2. CONTROL/FR 12 rats, 3. CONTROL/FF 15 rats, 4. FGR/CONTROL 16 rats, 5. FGR/FR 10 rats, 6. FGR/FF 15 rats, 7. non- FGR/CONTROL 10 rats, 8. non- FGR/FR 17 rats, 9. non- FGR/FF 10 rats, 10. FF/CONTROL 15 rats, 11. FF/FR 14 rats, and 12. FF/FF 13 rats. During sacrifice, body weight (BW) and liver weight (LW) were measured (expressed in grams) and concentrations of serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL and NEFA were determined. RESULTS Postnatal food restriction, compared to control diet significantly reduced BW (p=0.004, p=0.036, p<0.001, p=0.008) and LW (p<0.001) in all study groups. Postnatal control diet significantly increased BW in non-FGR compared to FGR rats (p=0.027). No significant differences were detected in biochemical parameters (excluding NEFA) between FGR and non-FGR, regardless of the postnatal diet. CONCLUSIONS Interaction between prenatal and postnatal nutrition produces distinct metabolic profiles. Apart from BiW, prenatal diet had an important impact on the metabolic profile of the adult offspring, implying that intrauterine events should be considered in the estimation of the metabolic risk of an individual, independently of BiW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makarios Eleftheriades
- Embryocare, Fetal Medicine Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital; Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital; Athens, Greece
| | - Homeira Vafaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz, Iran
| | - George Vaggos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital; Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- 5Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalides", School of Medicine, University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Skenderi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University; Athens, Greece
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kypros Nicolaides
- 8Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital; London, UK
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Rezvani R, Smith J, Lapointe M, Marceau P, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 are associated with metabolic profile, sex hormones, and liver enzymes in obese women pre- and postbariatric surgery. J Obes 2014; 2014:383102. [PMID: 24796007 PMCID: PMC3984800 DOI: 10.1155/2014/383102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction with sex differences and chronic, low-grade inflammation.We proposed that hepatic expression of immune complement C3 related receptors (C3aR, C5aR, and C5L2) would be associated with pre- or postmenopausal status and metabolic profile in severely obese women. We hypothesized that C5L2/C5aR ratio, potentially influencing the ASP/C5L2 metabolic versus C5a/C5aR immune response, would predict metabolic profiles after weight loss surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting plasma (hormone, lipid, and enzyme analysis) and liver biopsies (RT-PCR gene expression) were obtained from 91 women during surgery. RESULTS Hepatic C5L2 mRNA expression was elevated in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01) and correlated positively with circulating estradiol, estrone, ApoB, ApoA1, ApoA1/B, waist circumference, age, and LDL-C (all P < 0.05).While plasma ASP was lower in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P < 0.01), the hepatic C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio was increased (P < 0.001) and correlated positively with estrone (P < 0.01) and estradiol (P < 0.001) and negatively with circulating ApoB and liver enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT (all P < 0.05). Over 12 months postoperatively, liver enzymes in low C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio group remained higher (ALP and ALT, P < 0.05, AST and GGT, P < 0.001 2-way-ANOVA). CONCLUSION C5L2-C5aR association with other mediators including estrogens may contribute to hepatic metabolic and inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Jessica Smith
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Y4332, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
- *Katherine Cianflone:
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Nynca A, Słonina D, Jablońska O, Kamińska B, Ciereszko R. Daidzein affects steroidogenesis and oestrogen receptor expression in medium ovarian follicles of pigs. Acta Vet Hung 2013; 61:85-98. [PMID: 23439294 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2012.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, a phytoestrogen present in soybean products used in swine feed, has been demonstrated to affect both reproductive and endocrine functions. The aims of this study were to examine the in vitro effects of daidzein on (1) progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) secretion by porcine luteinised granulosa cells harvested from medium follicles, and (2) the mRNA and protein expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) in these cells. The influence of E2 on P4 secretion and ERα and ERβ expression in the granulosa cells of pigs was also investigated. It was found that daidzein inhibited progesterone secretion by luteinised granulosa cells isolated from medium follicles. In contrast, E2 did not affect progesterone production by these cells. Moreover, daidzein did not alter the granulosal secretion of E2. Both daidzein and E2 decreased mRNA expression of ERα in the cells examined. The expression of ERβ mRNA was not affected by daidzein but was inhibited by E2. ERα protein was not detected while ERβ protein was found in the nuclei of the cells. Daidzein and E2 upregulated the expression of ERβ protein in the cells. In summary, the phytoestrogen daidzein directly affected the porcine ovary by inhibiting progesterone production and increasing ERβ protein expression. Daidzein-induced changes in follicular steroidogenesis and granulosal sensitivity to oestrogens may disturb reproductive processes in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Słonina
- 3 Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Cattle Reproduction Endocrinology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Olsztyn Poland
| | - Olga Jablońska
- 1 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Animal Physiology Olsztyn Poland
| | - Barbara Kamińska
- 1 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Animal Physiology Olsztyn Poland
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Zhang C, Niu W, Wang Z, Wang X, Xia G. The effect of gonadotropin on glucose transport and apoptosis in rat ovary. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42406. [PMID: 22870326 PMCID: PMC3411621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of Gonadotropin on ovarian physiology have been known for many decades, its action on glucose uptake in the rat ovary remained poorly understood. Evidence also suggests that glucose uptake is mediated by a number of glucose transporter proteins (Glut). Therefore, we examined the rat ovary for the presence of Glut1–4 and blood glucose level after eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) and anti-eCG antiserum treatment. All of the glucose transports were present in the ovarian oocyte, granulosa cells and theca cells in different stage follicles. The expression of Glut in ovary was up-regulated by eCG, however, anti-eCG antiserum reversed eCG action. Western blot analysis also demonstrated the content of Glut1 was higher in eCG treatment group compared with anti-eCG antiserum and control group. The same tendency was shown in other glut isoforms. Moreover, there were no significant difference between the anti-eCG antiserum and control group. In additional, the level of serum glucose in eCG treatment group was significantly higher than others, which is similar with glut expression pattern. High glucose level in blood is correlated with increased expression of glucose transporter proteins in rat ovary. Meanwhile, anti-eCG antiserum increased granulosa cell apoptosis in antral follicle compared with those in eCG group. Our observations provide potential explanation for the effects of Glut on follicular development in rat ovary and a role for eCG in the regulation of ovarian glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbao Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengpin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (GX)
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (GX)
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Keller J, Mandala M, Casson P, Osol G. Endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS: evidence of increased vasoconstrictor prostanoid activity. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4927-36. [PMID: 22028445 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical research demonstrates an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endothelial dysfunction, a pathological state widely believed to be a hallmark of vascular disease; the underlying pathways, however, have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to characterize endothelial function in resistance arteries in a novel rat model of PCOS. Female rats were randomized at 3-4 wk to implantation of a 7.5-mg, 90-d dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pellet or a matched placebo. At 15-16 wk, experiments were performed on isolated mesenteric resistance arteries using a pressurized arteriograph. Endothelial function was assessed by the vasodilatory response of preconstricted arteries to acetylcholine (ACh) in the absence and presence of inhibitors for cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) and the thromboxane prostanoid receptor antagonist (SQ29,548). Distensibility was evaluated by measuring vessel diameter from 3-100 mm Hg, and elastin/collagen content was calculated on formalin-fixed vessels. Serum steroid levels were analyzed by sensitive RIA. DHT-induced PCOS rats were heavier, cycled irregularly, and had elevated blood pressure and smaller arterial lumens than controls. Furthermore, DHT vessels showed significantly reduced vasodilatory efficacy to ACh (with no change in sensitivity), reduced distensibility, and increased elastin content compared with controls. Within DHT animals, maximal dilation correlated negatively to DHT levels (r = -0.72) but not to body weight. Preincubation with either indomethacin or SC29,548 abrogated the dysfunction and restored full efficacy to ACh (P < 0.05). This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of endothelial dysfunction in a hyperandrogenic rat model of PCOS and to identify the role of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, allowing for more targeted research regarding the development of disease and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keller
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA.
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