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Maciejewski A, Lacka K. Vitamin D-Related Genes and Thyroid Cancer-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13661. [PMID: 36362448 PMCID: PMC9658610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, formerly known for its role in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, was shown to exert a broad influence on immunity and on differentiation and proliferation processes in the last few years. In the field of endocrinology, there is proof of the potential role of vitamin D and vitamin D-related genes in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer-the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Therefore, the study aimed to systematically review the publications on the association between vitamin D-related gene variants (polymorphisms, mutations, etc.) and thyroid cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. A total of ten studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. Six vitamin D-related genes were analyzed (VDR-vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1-cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1, CYP24A1-cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1, CYP27B1-cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1, DHCR7-7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and CUBN-cubilin). Moreover, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the data from the studies on VDR polymorphisms (rs2228570/FokI, rs1544410/BsmI, rs7975232/ApaI and rs731236/TaqI). Some associations between thyroid cancer risk (VDR, CYP24A1, DHCR7) or the clinical course of the disease (VDR) and vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms were described in the literature. However, these results seem inconclusive and need validation. A meta-analysis of the five studies of common VDR polymorphisms did not confirm their association with increased susceptibility to differentiated thyroid cancer. Further efforts are necessary to improve our understanding of thyroid cancer pathogenesis and implement targeted therapies for refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60355 Poznan, Poland
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Ashok T, Palyam V, Azam AT, Odeyinka O, Alhashimi R, Thoota S, Sange I. Relationship Between Vitamin D and Thyroid: An Enigma. Cureus 2022; 14:e21069. [PMID: 35165540 PMCID: PMC8826546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a frequently encountered endocrine disorder in clinical practice. Besides its traditional role in bone health, vitamin D has been shown to have favorable effects in a variety of different systems due to its pleiotropic qualities and ubiquitous receptor expression. Over the years, researchers have been fascinated by the intricate molecular interplay between vitamin D and thyroid. In this regard, attempts have emerged to demonstrate the role of vitamin D in thyroid disorders. This article has reviewed the existing literature on the role of vitamin D in hypothyroidism. We explored studies discussing the physiological interactions between vitamin D and thyroid, as well as the clinical consequences, supplemental and prognostic relevancy of vitamin D in auto-immune thyroid disease (AITD) and hypothyroidism.
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Ramezani M, Mazani M, Tabatabaei M, Rahimian A, Mosaferi E, Hedayati M. Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with high serum vitamin D level and polymorphism of vitamin D receptors. Physiol Int 2020; 107:120-133. [PMID: 32491284 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Studies have observed an anti-cancer effect for vitamin D and found that polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors can influence the prevalence of various cancers. The present study investigated the serum level of vitamin D and FokI, BsmI and Tru9I polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors. Methods Forty patients with medullary thyroid cancer and 40 healthy controls were investigated. The genomic DNA of the subjects was extracted using saturated salt/proteinase K and investigated by PCR sequencing. Serum levels of vitamin D were evaluated by ELISA. The results were analyzed in SPSS and GraphPad Prism 5 software. Results The genotypic and allelic frequencies of FokI and BsmI polymorphisms showed no significant differences between test and control groups. For Tru9I polymorphism, Tt genotype and t allelic frequency in the test group were significantly different from those of the control group. Also, we found Tt genotype and t allelic frequency to be significantly associated with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) type and the agressiveness of the disease. The average serum vitamin D level was 23.32 ng/mL and 18.95 ng/mL for patients and controls, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Moreover, we found high serum vitamin D level to be associated with t allelic frequency. Conclusions Unexpectedly, the mean serum vitamin D level of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tru9I polymorphism was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramezani
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M Mazani
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M Tabatabaei
- 2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rahimian
- 3Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Mosaferi
- 4Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Hedayati
- 5Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang L, Zhou S, Guo B. Vitamin D Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Growth and Invasion by Targeting Long Non-Coding RNA CCAT2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072334. [PMID: 32230936 PMCID: PMC7177268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer among women worldwide. Poor response to current treatment makes it necessary to discover new diagnostic biomarkers to detect the cancer early and develop new and effective prevention strategies. Calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, protects against multiple cancers through unelucidated mechanisms. The oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT2 (colon cancer associated transcript 2) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Here, we foundd that calcitriol inhibited CCAT2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment with calcitriol inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. As a result of CCAT2 inhibition, calcitriol decreased the binding of transcription factor TCF7L2 (TCF4) to the MYC promoter, resulting in the repression of c-Myc protein expression. Our results suggest a novel anti-cancer mechanism of vitamin D by targeting CCAT2 in ovarian cancer. The findings may help develop vitamin D as a practical and inexpensive nutraceutical for ovarian cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-832-842-8301; Fax: +1-832-842-8305
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Zhang T, He L, Sun W, Qin Y, Zhang P, Zhang H. 1,25‑Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the susceptibility of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells to adriamycin‑induced apoptosis by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2641-2648. [PMID: 31524258 PMCID: PMC6691249 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very aggressive malignancy that is resistant to various types of chemotherapy in humans. Most patients with late-stage ATC cannot undergo surgery and receive chemotherapy drugs. The present study investigated the influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) pretreatment on adriamycin (ADM) chemotherapy efficacy in the 8305c and 8505c ATC cell lines. The apoptotic effects of ADM on ATC cells pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 were evaluated. Cell viability was identified by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and staining with Hoechst 33342. The expression of the apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3 was tested with a colorimetric assay kit and by western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the assay H2-DCFDA. In addition, ROS production could be reversed by NAC treatment. The present study demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced ADM-induced apoptosis in 8305c and 8505c cell lines. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 improved the ADM-induced ROS production and expression of cleaved caspase-3. NAC treatment inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in ATC cells, and reduced apoptosis in cells that were pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and ADM. These results demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 may enhance ADM-induced apoptosis by increasing ROS generation in ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Lee SJ. Evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors has synergistic cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2019; 65:110-120. [PMID: 31102069 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was identified. METHODS TPC-1 and SW1736 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. RESULTS After treatment with evodiamine and PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and Bcl2 protein levels decreased, whereas cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX, acetyl. histone H3 and cleaved PARP, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. In cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, decrement of cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, and Bcl2 protein levels as well as increment of cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX and cleaved PARP, and ROS production were significant, causing decrement of Bcl2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, all of the combination index values were <1.0, suggesting synergistic cytotoxicity of two agents. Wortmannin decreased cell viability and the percentage of viable cells, whereas it increased cytotoxic activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells without alteration in ROS production. The changes in cells treated with both evodiamine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or trichostatin A were similar to those in cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that evodiamine synergizes with HDAC inhibitors in inducing cytotoxic activities by involving survival-related proteins and ROS in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, repression of PI3K/Akt signaling synergistically reinforces cytotoxicity of evodiamine combined with HDAC inhibitors in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Beysel S, Eyerci N, Pinarli FA, Apaydin M, Kizilgul M, Caliskan M, Ozcelik O, Kan S, Cakal E. VDR gene FokI polymorphism as a poor prognostic factor for papillary thyroid cancer. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318811766. [PMID: 30486759 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor ( VDR) gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid cancer in Turkey. A total of 165 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and 172 controls were included in this case-control study. VDR gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) were evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. VDR gene polymorphisms BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI did not differ between the papillary thyroid cancer group and control group (p > 0.05, each). BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI were not associated with papillary thyroid cancer risk. The VDR gene FokI CT/TT genotype was associated with an increased papillary thyroid cancer risk (CT vs CC: odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-2.76, p = 0.028; TT vs CC: odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-4.62, p = 0.005; CT/TT vs CC: odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.20-2.96, p = 0.006; CT/CC vs TT: odds ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-3.20, p = 0.041). VDR gene polymorphisms were not in linkage disequilibrium. The FokI TT genotype was associated with having T3 and T4, stage III/IV, extra-thyroidal invasion. The FokI CT/TT or TT genotype was associated with developing N1 status, multifocality, tumor size ≥10 mm, and treatment with radioiodine therapy. Persistence/recurrence did not differ between the FokI genotypes. Carriers of the FokI T allele were at an increased risk of more advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage, greater tumor size, multifocality, and extra-thyroidal invasion of papillary thyroid cancer compared with the CC genotype. VDR gene FokI T allele and TT genotype correlated with aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer; thus, FokI could be useful as a poor prognostic factor to assess the high risk of papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvihan Beysel
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,2 Department of Medical Biology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,3 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Afyonkarahisar Saglik Bilimleri University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Nilnur Eyerci
- 4 Department of Genetic Research, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Alparslan Pinarli
- 4 Department of Genetic Research, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Apaydin
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kizilgul
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caliskan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozcelik
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyfullah Kan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Hu MJ, Zhang Q, Liang L, Wang SY, Zheng XC, Zhou MM, Yang YW, Zhong Q, Huang F. Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of thyroid cancer: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1199-1210. [PMID: 29464660 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although vitamin D is reportedly associated with various cancers, the association between vitamin D and thyroid cancer is indefinite. We aimed to investigate whether this association applies to thyroid cancer (TC). METHODS A total of 276 Chinese Han people were recruited in a current matched case-control study. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was computed to estimate the association between plasma 25(OH)D and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In addition, we searched relevant studies in PubMed and Web of Science databases before December 2017 to conduct a meta-analysis. RESULTS In our case-control study, plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with PTC risk (highest tertile vs lowest tertile: adjusted OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.10, 0.61; Ptrend = 0.003). This association was independent of body mass index and physical activity (all adjusted Pinteraction > 0.05). A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis, among which ten studies have been published and one was our case-control study. Compared with 25(OH)D non-deficient group, the pooled OR of TC was 1.42 (95% CI 1.17, 1.73) in the deficient group. Similarly, blood 25(OH)D levels in patients with TC were tend to be lower than those in the controls (SMD = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.36, - 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A high level of circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a decreased TC risk. This association has important significance in public health and should, therefore, be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - L Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - S-Y Wang
- Department of Head and Neck, Breast Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 107 East Lake Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - X-C Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck, Breast Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 107 East Lake Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - M-M Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-W Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - F Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang T, Zhang H, He L, Wang Z, Dong W, Sun W, Zhang P. Potential Use of 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1614-1623. [PMID: 29553126 PMCID: PMC5872905 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in serum may be a risk factor for several tumor types. Also, high cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) expression is regarded to be important against tumor progression. We evaluated the potential importance of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The preoperative serum level of 1,25(OH)2D3 was measured using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) expression was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical staining in PTC specimens. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to assess the diagnostic value of 1,25(OH)2D3. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PTC cell lines were studied by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. CAMP expression was measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Short interfering RNAs were used to reduce CAMP expression in PTC cell lines. RESULTS The preoperative serum level of 1,25(OH)2D3 in PTC was obviously lower than that in nodular goiter (NG) (P<0.05). The ROC curve suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 might serve as a potential diagnostic value at a cutoff of 20.13 pg/mL, The VDR showed higher expression in PTC than in paired adjacent non-cancerous tissue. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of PTC cells, and increased CAMP expression significantly, whereas CAMP knockdown demonstrated opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS 1,25(OH)2D3 may be a new, potential biomarker for the identification of PTC and NG. It may also become 1,25(OH)2D3 may a potential target for drug action to treat PTC through CAMP.
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Peng W, Wang K, Zheng R, Derwahl M. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the proliferation of thyroid cancer stem-like cells via cell cycle arrest. Endocr Res 2016; 41:71-80. [PMID: 27030645 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2015.1037048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An anti-proliferative effect of vitamin D has been reported in different carcinomas, including thyroid cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a very small fraction of cancer cells, are widely believed to be responsible for cancer initiation, relapse and metastasis. OBJECTIVES We addressed the question as to whether CSCs derived from the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines SW1736, C643, HTh74 and its doxorubicin- resistant subline HTh74R are also a target of vitamin D action. METHODS The effect of calcitriol on growth of HTh74, HTh74R, SW1736 and C643 cell lines was investigated by cell viability assays. In stem-enriched cells derived from thyro-spheres cell cycle analysis and apoptotic assays were performed. Furthermore, the role of calcitriol in the formation of cancer thyro-spheres and its putative differentiation-inducing effect were analysed. RESULTS CSCs isolated as thyro-spheres from all the four anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells expressed vitamin D receptors as did their parental cells. Calcitriol inhibited proliferation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells with a more pronounced effect on doxorubicin-resistant HTh74R cells, and it significantly reduced the capacity to form stem cell-derived spheres and decreased the size of these spheres that consist of CSCs and their progenitor cells. As revealed by cell cycle analysis, calcitriol induced G2/M phase arrest in thyro-sphere cells derived cells from HTh74, HTh74R and C643 but did not affect apoptosis. Finally, calcitriol altered morphology of CSCs. CONCLUSION Calcitriol inhibited the growth of CSCs derived from anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. It may also exert a pro-differentiation effect in thyroid CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital and Charite , University Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital and Charite , University Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Rendong Zheng
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital and Charite , University Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Derwahl
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital and Charite , University Medicine , Berlin , Germany
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Ma Y, Johnson CS, Trump DL. Mechanistic Insights of Vitamin D Anticancer Effects. VITAMIN D HORMONE 2016; 100:395-431. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Positively Correlates with Survival of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24369-86. [PMID: 26501255 PMCID: PMC4632755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 shows tumoristatic and anticancer effects by acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), while hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at position 1α by CYP27B1 is an essential step in its activation. The expression of both the VDR and CYP27B1 has been found in many normal and cancer tissues, but there is a lack of information about its expression in human bladder cancers. The aim of the present research was to examine whether the expression of the VDR and CYP27B1 in bladder cancer was related to the prognostic markers and disease outcome. We analyzed VDR and CYP27B1 in samples of tumor and normal tissues obtained from 71 urinary bladder cancer patients. The highest VDR immunostaining was found in normal epithelium and was significantly lower in bladder cancer cells (p < 0.001 with Mann–Whitney U test). VDR expression was lowest in more advanced (pT2b–pT4) (p = 0.005 with Mann–Whitney U test) and metastasizing cancers (p < 0.05 and p = 0.004 with Mann–Whitney U test for nuclear and cytoplasmic VDR immunostaining, respectively). The lack of cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR was also related to shorter overall survival (for cytoplasmic VDR immunolocalization 13.3 vs. 55.3 months of survival, HR = 1.92, p = 0.04 and for nuclear VDR immunostaining 13.5 vs. 55.3 months of survival, HR = 2.47, p = 0.002 with Mantel-Cox test). In cases with the lack of high cytoplasmic VDR staining the non-classic differentiations (NDs) was observed in higher percentage of tumor area. CYP27B1 expression was lower in cancer cells than in normal epithelial cells (p = 0.03 with Mann–Whitney U test), but its expression did not correlate with tumor stage (pT), metastasizing, grade, mitotic activity or overall survival. In conclusion, expression of the VDR and CYP27B1 are deregulated in urothelial bladder cancers. Although our results showing a relationship between the decreased VDR expression and prognostic markers and survival time indicate potential usefulness of VDR as a new indicator of a poorer prognosis, further studies are needed in different patient cohorts by independent groups to validate this hypothesis. We also suggest that vitamin D-based therapies may represent an adjuvant strategy in treatment for bladder cancers expressing VDR.
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Chiang KC, Kuo SF, Chen CH, Ng S, Lin SF, Yeh CN, Chen LW, Takano M, Chen TC, Juang HH, Kittaka A, Lin JD, Pang JHS. MART-10, the vitamin D analog, is a potent drug to inhibit anaplastic thyroid cancer cell metastatic potential. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:76-85. [PMID: 26282787 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is still very poor due to its fast growth and high metastatic potential. Currently, no effective treatment is available. The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, has been shown to have a anti-metastatic effect in pre-clinical studies, however induction of hypercalcemia hampered its clinical application. The new class of less-calcemic vitamin D analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10), is much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 to repress cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 could effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of ATC cells, 8305C and 8505C, with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The anti-metastatic effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 on ATC cells is mediated by reversal of cadherin switch (upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin), which led to the attenuation of EMT process, and decrease of F-actin formation. We further showed that the expressions of Slug, the EMT-related transcriptional factor, and MMP-9 were inhibited by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 in 8505C cells, but not in 8303C cells. Since metastasis is the important cause of ATC-related death, our results strongly encourage the further in vivo study of MART-10 application against ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sohching Ng
- Thyroid Cancer Team, Keelung Chang Gung Cancer Center, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chung Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Baldan F, Mio C, Allegri L, Puppin C, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. Synergy between HDAC and PARP Inhibitors on Proliferation of a Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer-Derived Cell Line. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:978371. [PMID: 25705225 PMCID: PMC4326215 DOI: 10.1155/2015/978371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a very aggressive human malignancy, having a marked degree of invasiveness and no features of thyroid differentiation. It is known that either HDAC inhibitors or PARP inhibitors have antiproliferative effects on thyroid cancer cells. Therefore, in this study the possible synergy between the two types of compounds has been investigated. The ATC-derived cell line SW1736 has been treated with the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and the PARP inhibitor PJ34, alone or in combination. In terms of cell viability, the combination index value was always lower than 1 at various tested dosages, indicating, therefore, synergy in a wide range of doses for both compounds. Synergy was also observed in induction of apoptosis. In terms of thyroid-specific gene expression, synergy was observed for TSHR mRNA levels but not for NIS, TTF1, TTF2, and PAX8 mRNA levels. Altogether, these data suggest that the combined use of HDAC and PARP inhibitors may be a useful strategy for treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Baldan
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Catia Mio
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Puppin
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital “S. Maria della Misericordia”, 33100 Udine, Italy
- *Giuseppe Damante:
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15
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Muscogiuri G, Tirabassi G, Bizzaro G, Orio F, Paschou SA, Vryonidou A, Balercia G, Shoenfeld Y, Colao A. Vitamin D and thyroid disease: to D or not to D? Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:291-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Morand GB, da Silva SD, Hier MP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Insights into genetic and epigenetic determinants with impact on vitamin d signaling and cancer association studies: the case of thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:309. [PMID: 25414832 PMCID: PMC4220101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key regulator of calcium metabolism and has been implicated as a cancer preventive agent. However, clinical studies have revealed conflicting results on its cancer preventive properties, attributed in part to multiple metabolic and regulatory factors susceptible to affect individual responses to exogenous vitamin D. Vitamin D is obtained from dietary sources and sun exposure, which depends on numerous parameters such as skin type, latitude, and lifestyle factors. Focusing on thyroid cancer (TC), we document that genetic and epigenetic determinants can greatly impact individual response to vitamin D and may outweigh the classical clinical correlative studies that focus on sun exposure/dietary intake factors. In particular, genetic determinants innate to host intrinsic metabolic pathways such as highly polymorphic cytochromes P450s responsible for the metabolic activation of vitamin D are expressed in many organs, including the thyroid gland and can impact vitamin D interaction with its nuclear receptor (VDR) in thyroid tissue. Moreover, downstream regulatory pathways in vitamin D signaling as well as VDR are also subject to wide genetic variability among human populations as shown by genome-wide studies. These genetic variations in multiple components of vitamin D pathways are critical determinants for the revaluation of the potential preventive and anticancer properties of vitamin D in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire B Morand
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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17
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Santangelo G, Del Giudice S, Gallucci F, Parmeggiani U, De Falco M. Cancer of the thyroid gland in geriatric age: A single center retrospective study with a 10-year post-operative follow-up. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 2:S103-S107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zou M, BinHumaid FS, Alzahrani AS, Baitei EY, Al-Mohanna FA, Meyer BF, Shi Y. Increased CYP24A1 expression is associated with BRAF(V600E) mutation and advanced stages in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:109-16. [PMID: 24382015 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1α, 25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D, has been shown to exert antiproliferative effects in many cancers. Overexpression of CYP24A1, the primary vitamin D-inactivating enzyme, is also observed in a variety of human cancers, thus potentially neutralizing the antitumour effect of 1α, 25(OH)2 D3. This study investigates the expression of CYP24A1 and the effect of BRAF(V600E) on its expression in thyroid cancer. METHODS We investigated 60 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) specimens for CYP24A1 expression and its association with BRAF mutation and disease progression. CYP24A1 expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR, and BRAF(V600E) mutation was detected by PCR-DNA sequencing analysis. The interaction between BRAF(V600E) and CYP24A1 expression was determined by Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS CYP24A1 expression was increased in PTC as compared to benign multinodular goitre. The expression was further increased in stage III and IV tumours. There is a strong correlation between CYP24A1 overexpression and BRAF(V600E) mutation (P < 0·01). In thyroid cancer cell lines expressing BRAF(V600E) , CYP24A1 expression was significantly higher when compared to those without BRAF(V600E) expression. BRAF(V600E) transgene expression in CAL62 cell line can induce CYP24A1 expression. Furthermore, BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4720 can significantly down-regulate CYP24A1 expression and enhance the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol in thyroid cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION CYP24A1 overexpression is a poor prognostic indicator for PTC and may reflect BRAF(V600E) mutation and MARK activation. The crosstalk between vitamin D and MAPK signalling pathways results in resistance to calcitriol-mediated antitumour effects, and the resistance can be reversed by BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Zou
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Clinckspoor I, Verlinden L, Mathieu C, Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. Vitamin D in thyroid tumorigenesis and development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 48:65-98. [PMID: 23890557 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Besides its classical role in bone and calcium homeostasis, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, has many non-classical effects; antiproliferative, anti-apoptotic and prodifferentiating effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 have been described in several tumour types in preclinical models. This review focuses on the insights gained in the elucidation of the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the normal thyroid and in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy. An increasing amount of observations points towards a role for impaired 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signalling in the occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer, and a potential for structural analogues in the multimodal treatment of dedifferentiated iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. A role for vitamin D in thyroid-related autoimmunity is less convincing and needs further study. Altered 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signalling does not influence normal thyroid development nor thyrocyte function, but does affect C-cell function, at least in rodents. If these findings also apply to humans deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clinckspoor
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Bus 902, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Somjen D, Grafi-Cohen M, Posner GH, Sharon O, Kraiem Z, Stern N. Vitamin D less-calcemic analog modulates the expression of estrogen receptors, vitamin D receptor and 1α-hydroxylase 25-hydroxy vitamin D in human thyroid cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:80-2. [PMID: 23059472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in various "non-reproductive" cancer cell types. Some cancer types express 1α-hydroxylase 25-hydroxy vitamin D (1OHase) whose product, 1,25(OH)2D3 can retard cancer cell proliferation. Thyroid carcinoma cell growth is apparently promoted by estrogens, but whether or not this interaction is modified by vitamin D metabolites/analogs is presently unknown. Here we assessed the effect of a less calcemic vitamin D analog [JK 1624 F2-2 (JKF)] in three human thyroid cancer cell lines: ARO (anaplastic carcinoma), NPA (papillary carcinoma) and MRO (follicular carcinoma). (1) All cell lines expressed both ERα and ERβ, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1OHase mRNA quantified by Real Time PCR. There was a general abundance of ERβ over ERα expression, such that the ratio of ERβ to ERα mRNA was >1000:1, 228:1 and 7.7:1 in ARO, MRO and NPA cells, respectively. (2) JKF up regulated ERβ expression in ARO (by 110±15%) and MRO (by 280±10%) but down regulated ERβ in NPA cells (by 40±15%). The expression of VDR was up regulated by JKF in NPA (21±6%), down regulated in ARO (-24±7%) and not affected in MRO. (3) All three human thyroid cancer cell lines were found to express 1OHase, which was up regulated by JKF in MRO (350±25%) and NPA (35±8%) but down regulated in ARO (-20±5%). This is the first report to describe direct regulation of VDR and 1OHase expression by a vitamin D analog in human thyroid cancer cells. A functional role for the vitamin D system in human thyroid cancer is suggested by the finding that the vitamin D analog can affect ERs expression which is in turn involved in estrogen-induced cell growth in an ER-type specific manner in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Somjen
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Russo D, Durante C, Bulotta S, Puppin C, Puxeddu E, Filetti S, Damante G. Targeting histone deacetylase in thyroid cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 17:179-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.740013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Clinckspoor I, Gérard AC, Van Sande J, Many MC, Verlinden L, Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Mathieu C, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. The vitamin d receptor in thyroid development and function. Eur Thyroid J 2012; 1:168-75. [PMID: 24783016 PMCID: PMC3821476 DOI: 10.1159/000342363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vitamin D is known to modulate thyroid neoplastic and autoimmune disease. We investigated the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in normal thyroid development and function (thyrocytes and C cells). METHODS The thyroid phenotype of VDR knockout mice was studied in comparison to wild-type controls. The mice were fed a normal diet or a calcium-rich diet to circumvent effects induced by hypocalcemia. RESULTS Thyroid morphology was unaltered in VDR knockout mice. Also, expression of different parameters of thyrocyte function was comparable (immunohistochemistry). C cell physiology was, however, affected in the absence of the VDR, resulting in increased thyroidal calcitonin expression (immunohistochemistry), paralleled by increased serum calcitonin levels, but only in normocalcemic mice. To study a possible effect of vitamin D status on basal calcitonin levels in humans, serum calcitonin concentrations were compared between vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient patients (serum 25-OH vitamin D3 ≤10 and ≥40 ng/ml, respectively), but no difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS In mice, the VDR is redundant for normal thyrocyte function, but not for C cell function, where it mediates the negative control of calcitonin by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In patients, vitamin D status does not affect basal serum calcitonin levels. A study in healthy individuals is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clinckspoor
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Gérard
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *B. Decallonne, University Hospitals Leuven, Departement of Endocrinology, Herestraat 49, BE–3000 Leuven (Belgium), Tel. +32 16 34 6994, E-Mail
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23
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Penna-Martinez M, Ramos-Lopez E, Stern J, Kahles H, Hinsch N, Hansmann ML, Selkinski I, Grünwald F, Vorländer C, Bechstein WO, Zeuzem S, Holzer K, Badenhoop K. Impaired vitamin D activation and association with CYP24A1 haplotypes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2012; 22:709-16. [PMID: 22690899 PMCID: PMC3387756 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene have been reported to affect the risk of breast, colon, prostate, and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but polymorphisms within the genes of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes have not been studied in DTC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genes for vitamin D enzymes in patients with DTC and healthy controls (HC) as well as the vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin) status. METHODS German patients (n=253) with DTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC] and follicular thyroid carcinoma [FTC]) and HC (n=302) were genotyped for polymorphisms within the vitamin D metabolizing enzymes such as 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1[rs12794714, rs10741657]), 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1[rs10877012, rs4646536]), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydrolase (CYP24A1[rs927650, rs2248137, rs2296241]). Furthermore, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] plasma levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS There was no difference in the genotypes; however, the CYP24A1 haplotype analysis showed that rs2248137C/rs2296241A (13.1% vs. 19.1%; corrected p [pc]=0.04) was less frequent in the PTC, whereas the haplotypes rs2248137C/rs2296241G (56.0% vs. 41.9%; pc=0.03), rs927650C/rs2296241G (22.5% vs. 8.4%; pc=1.6×10(-3)), and rs927650C/rs2248137C/rs2296241G (21.1% vs. 7.3%; pc=1.5×10(-3)) were more frequent in the FTC compared with HC. Furthermore, if patients and controls were grouped according to four 25(OH)D(3) categories (severely deficient, deficient, insufficient, and sufficient), then the patients with both DTC subtypes had significantly lower levels of circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), especially in the group with a deficient 25(OH)D(3) status compared with the controls. Although the polymorphisms showed no differences stratified for the four 25(OH)D(3) categories, the activation status by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) differed significantly depending on the genotypes of the investigated CYP24A1 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS A higher risk for DTC is conferred by haplotypes within the CYP24A1 gene, low circulating 25(OH)D(3) levels (deficiency), and a reduced conversion to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). These results confirm and extend previous observations and also support a role of the vitamin D system in the pathogenesis of DTC. How deficient 25(OH)D(3) levels in combination with certain CYP24A1 haplotypes affect vitamin D activation is the subject of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julienne Stern
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinrich Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nora Hinsch
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Selkinski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Grünwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Wolf O. Bechstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Holzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Vitamin D system is a complex pathway that includes precursors, active metabolites, enzymes, and receptors. This complex system actives several molecular pathways and mediates a multitude of functions. In addition to the classical role in calcium and bone homeostasis, vitamin D plays "non-calcemic" effects in host defense, inflammation, immunity, and cancer processes as recognized in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D and cancer, summarizing several mechanisms proposed to explain the potential protective effect of vitamin D against the development and progression of cancer. Vitamin D acts like a transcription factor that influences central mechanisms of tumorigenesis: growth, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to cellular and molecular studies, epidemiological surveys have shown that sunlight exposure and consequent increased circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with reduced reduced occurrence and a reduced mortality in different histological types of cancer. Another recent field of interest concerns polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR); in this context, preliminary data suggest that VDR polymorphisms more frequently associated with tumorigenesis are Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, EcoRV, Cdx2; although further studies are needed to clarify their role in the cancer. In this review, the relationship between vitamin D and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vuolo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy.
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25
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Clinckspoor I, Hauben E, Verlinden L, Van den Bruel A, Vanwalleghem L, Vander Poorten V, Delaere P, Mathieu C, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. Altered expression of key players in vitamin D metabolism and signaling in malignant and benign thyroid tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:502-11. [PMID: 22511602 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412447296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the active form of vitamin D, mediates antitumor effects in various cancers. The expression of key players in vitamin D signaling in thyroid tumors was investigated. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 (respectively activating and catabolizing vitamin D) expression was studied (RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry) in normal thyroid, follicular adenoma (FA), differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) consisting of the papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) subtype, and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression was increased in FA and DTC compared with normal thyroid. However, in PTC with lymph node metastasis, VDR and CYP24A1 were decreased compared with non-metastasized PTC. In ATC, VDR expression was often lost, whereas CYP27B1/CYP24A1 expression was comparable to DTC. Moreover, ATC with high Ki67 expression (>30%) or distant metastases at diagnosis was characterized by more negative VDR/CYP24A1/CYP27B1 staining. In conclusion, increased expression of key players involved in local 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) signaling was demonstrated in benign and differentiated malignant thyroid tumors, but a decrease was observed for local nodal and especially distant metastasis, suggesting a local antitumor response of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in early cancer stages. These findings advocate further studies with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and analogs in persistent and recurrent iodine-refractory DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clinckspoor
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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