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Sen A, Vincent V, Thakkar H, Abraham R, Ramakrishnan L. Beneficial Role of Vitamin D on Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:229-249. [PMID: 36212746 PMCID: PMC9515729 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being explored in the context of CVD risk. EPCs are bone marrow derived progenitor cells involved in postnatal endothelial repair and neovascularization. A large body of evidence from clinical, animal, and in vitro studies have shown that EPC numbers in circulation and their functionality reflect endogenous vascular regenerative capacity. Traditionally vitamin D is known to be beneficial for bone health and calcium metabolism and in the last two decades, its role in influencing CVD and cancer risk has generated significant interest. Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. Still, Mendelian randomization studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) have not shown significant effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular events. The criticism regarding the RCTs on vitamin D and CVD is that they were not designed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes in vitamin D-deficient individuals. Overall, the association between vitamin D and CVD remains inconclusive. Recent clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of vitamin D in increasing the circulatory level of EPC as well as their functionality. In this review we present evidence supporting the beneficial role of vitamin D in CVD through its modulation of EPC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Sen
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ransi Abraham
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Camara AB, Brandao IA. The Role of Vitamin D and Sunlight Incidence in Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1418-1436. [PMID: 30864510 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) deficiency affects individuals of different ages in many countries. VD deficiency may be related to several diseases, including cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the relationship between VD deficiency and cancer. METHODS We describe the proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis and how those proteins can be influenced by VD deficiency. We also investigated a relationship between cancer death rate and solar radiation. RESULTS We found an increased bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon-rectum cancer, lung cancer, oesophagus cancer, oral cancer, ovary cancer, pancreas cancer, skin cancer and stomach cancer death rate in countries with low sunlight. It was also observed that amyloid precursor protein, ryanodine receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and receptor for advanced glycation end products are associated with a worse prognosis in cancer. While the Klotho protein and VD receptor are associated with a better prognosis in the disease. Nfr2 is associated with both worse and better prognosis in cancer. CONCLUSION The literature suggests that VD deficiency might be involved in cancer progression. According to sunlight data, we can conclude that countries with low average sunlight have high cancers death rate. New studies involving transcriptional and genomic data in combination with VD measurement in long-term experiments are required to establish new relationships between VD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Camara
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Igor A Brandao
- Metrópole Digital Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil
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3
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Pasternak Y, Ohana M, Biron-Shental T, Cohen-Hagai K, Benchetrit S, Zitman-Gal T. Thioredoxin, thioredoxin interacting protein and transducer and activator of transcription 3 in gestational diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1199-1206. [PMID: 31848914 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in the inflammatory response of thioredoxin (TXN), thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), transducer and activator of transcription 3, NFƙB-p50 and STAT3 at the level of maternal serum, placenta, and umbilical cord blood of women with gestational diabetes mellitus type 2 (GDMA2) compared to normal pregnancies (NP). Thirty pregnant women (20 with GDMA2 and 10 NP) were recruited during admission for delivery. Blood samples were obtained from the parturients and umbilical cords, as well as placental tissue for mRNA and protein extraction. TXNIP mRNA expression was significantly increased in maternal serum of women with GDMA2 compared to NP women. TXNIP mRNA was significantly decreased in GDMA2 placentas and cord blood compared to NP. TXN/TXNIP mRNA ratio showed significantly high absolute values in placental and cord blood (2.39 and 1.66) respectively, compared to maternal ratio (1.084) (P < 0.001). TXN/TXNIP placenta protein ratio showed similar values between GDMA2 and NP (0.98 and 0.86; P = 0.7). STAT3 and its target protein SOCS3, as well as NFƙB-p50 mRNA expression were significantly increased in placentas of GDMA2. NFƙB-p50 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in cord blood compared to both maternal and placental mRNA expression. Pro-inflammatory changes are expressed by low mRNA TXN/TXNIP ratio in maternal blood of GDMA2 patients, but not in placental and umbilical cord blood samples. This, as well as the feedback role of SOCS3 in STAT3 pathway and NFƙB-p50 expression, may indicate that the placenta has a role in protecting the fetus from damage due to inflammatory response, which is common in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Pasternak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Ohana
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Tal Biron-Shental
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Cohen-Hagai
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Sydney Benchetrit
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Tali Zitman-Gal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
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4
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Zitman-Gal T, Einbinder Y, Ohana M, Katzav A, Kartawy A, Benchetrit S. Effect of liraglutide on the Janus kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT) pathway in diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice and in cultured endothelial cells. J Diabetes 2019; 11:656-664. [PMID: 30575282 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence demonstrates the involvement of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT) proteins in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the inflammatory response and endothelial cell dysfunction observed in DKD. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes because it improves the inflammatory changes observed in experimental models of DKD. This study used db/db mice and endothelial cells (ECs) to determine the effect of diabetic environment on the JAK/STAT pathway and to assess the potential effect of liraglutide (200 μg/kg) in both models. METHODS Diabetic db/db mice (12 weeks old) were treated with liraglutide for 14 weeks. The kidneys were then perfused with saline and removed for mRNA, protein, and immunohistochemical analyses. Endothelial cells were stimulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (200 μg/μL) glucose (200 mg/dL) and liraglutide (100 nM) for 24 hours. Total RNA and protein were extracted and analyzed for expression of JAK/STAT signaling. RESULTS Phosphorylated (p-) STAT3 was significantly upregulated in db/db mice compared with non-diabetic mice. Liraglutide significantly downregulated p-STAT3 protein expression in db/db mice. In db/db mice, p-STAT3 was primarily expressed in the glomeruli, whereas p-JAK2 was also expressed in kidney tubules. In ECs, liraglutide treatment prevented increased expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2. Liraglutide inhibited the target gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in db/db mice and in cultured EC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the GLP-1 analog liraglutide inhibits the JAK/STAT pathway, which participates in intracellular processes in experimental models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Zitman-Gal
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Einbinder
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Ohana
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aviva Katzav
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Amany Kartawy
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Sydney Benchetrit
- Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Câmara AB, de Souza ID, Dalmolin RJS. Sunlight Incidence, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Food 2018; 21:841-848. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barros Câmara
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Iara Dantas de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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6
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Einbinder Y, Biron-Shental T, Agassi-Zaitler M, Tzadikevitch-Geffen K, Vaya J, Khatib S, Ohana M, Benchetrit S, Zitman-Gal T. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) composition and function in preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:405-413. [PMID: 29938347 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate (a) the properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)/cholesterol, which include apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) and paraoxonase1 (PON1), both are negative predictors of cardiovascular risk and (b) HDL function, among women with preeclampsia (PE). PE is a multi-system disorder, characterized by onset of hypertension and proteinuria or other end-organ dysfunction in the second half of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is associated with increased risk for later cardiovascular disease. The inverse association between HDL, cholesterol levels and the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well-established. METHODS Twenty-five pregnant women [19 with PE and 6 with normal pregnancy (NP)] were recruited during admission for delivery. HDL was isolated from blood samples. PON1 activity and HDL were analyzed. An in vitro model of endothelial cells was used to evaluate the effect of HDL on the transcription response of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS PON1 activity (units/ml serum) was lower in the PE group compared to normal pregnancy (NP) (6.51 ± 0.73 vs. 9.98 ± 0.54; P = 0.015). Increased ApoA1 was released from PE-HDL as compared to NP-HDL (3.54 ± 0.72 vs. 0.89 ± 0.35; P = 0.01). PE-HDL exhibited increased VCAM-1 mRNA expression and decreased eNOS mRNA expression on TNF-α stimulated endothelial cells as compared to NP-HDL. CONCLUSIONS HDL from women with PE reduced PON1 activity and increased ApoA1 release from HDL particles. This process was associated with increased HDL diameter, suggesting impaired HDL anti-oxidant activity. These changes might contribute to higher long-term cardiovascular risks among women with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Einbinder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Biron-Shental
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - Keren Tzadikevitch-Geffen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, Migdal-Galilee Technology Center, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, Migdal-Galilee Technology Center, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Meital Ohana
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Sydney Benchetrit
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Zitman-Gal
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, 44281, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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Lei H, Li H, Tian L, Li M, Xin Z, Zhang X, Guan R. Icariside II ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by regulating the MAPK pathway via miR-126/SPRED1 in diabetic human cavernous endothelial cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1743-1751. [PMID: 29942117 PMCID: PMC6005314 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s166734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to investigate whether miR-126, a regulator of MAPK signaling via targeting sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) mRNA, is involved in the process by which icariside II (ICA II) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in human cavernous endothelial cells (hCECs) exposed to a diabetic-like environment. Materials and methods Primary hCECs were isolated and divided into three groups, normal control, diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM treated with ICA II. The cell proliferation and migration abilities of the hCECs were examined. The expression levels of endothelial-related microRNAs and relative target mRNAs (SPRED1, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) of miR-126 were determined by real-time PCR. The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and SPRED1, and MAPK signaling activities was determined by Western blot analysis. In addition, miR-126 agomir and antagomir were used for transfection into hCECs to further testify the association between miR-126 and its targeting mRNA SPRED1. Results hCECs induced with glucose plus advanced glycation end product-BSA showed a significant decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Ki-67, and miR-126 expression; a downregulated cell migration ability and an increased receptor for advanced glycation end products level. ICA II could partially reverse these changes. SPRED1 mRNA showed a contrary tendency with the miR-126-3p changes. The level of SPRED1 protein increased after the hCECs were induced with glucose plus advanced glycation end product-BSA, and ICA II could rescue its aberrant expression. In addition, the MAPK pathway was downregulated in the hCECs under diabetic conditions, and ICA II could partially enhance its signaling activities. miR-126 was obviously downregulated, and SPRED1 was accordingly upregulated after miR-126 antagomir transfection, while ICA II treatment could recover the expressions of both miR-126 and SPRED1. Moreover, the upregulation of miR-126 and the inhibition of SPRED1 were noticed in the diabetic hCECs by further transfection with miR-126 agomir. Conclusion ICA II could ameliorate endothelial dysfunction by regulating the MAPK pathway via miR-126/SPRED1 in hCECs exposed to a diabetic-like environment, and ICA II might be a protective agent for endothelial function in diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Lei
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixi Li
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although low vitamin D levels have been shown to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes in critical care, it is not clear to date if supplementation can alter such outcomes in all ICU patients. The focus of vitamin D research now is on interventional trials to identify a critically ill patient subset who may benefit from high-dose vitamin D supplementation. RECENT FINDINGS The VITdAL-ICU trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center trial of 475 heterogeneous critically ill patients, did not show improvement in hospital length of stay or overall mortality but did demonstrate in a secondary outcome that high-dose oral vitamin D3 improved mortality in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. SUMMARY Vitamin D supplementation may represent a personalized and targeted therapy for critical illness. Vitamin D regulates over 1000 genes in the human genome, and the mechanism of action is influenced by gene polymorphisms and epigenetics. The study of the metabolomics, transcriptomics and epigenetics of vitamin D status and supplementation holds promise generating insights into critical illness outcomes.
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Shen X, Li Y, Sun G, Guo D, Bai X. miR-181c-3p and -5p promotes high-glucose-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating leukemia inhibitory factor. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:509-517. [PMID: 29605252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with high blood glucose level and closely related to endothelial dysfunction, an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular changes. Several miRNAs have been reported to be altered in a diabetic environment including miR-181c. In the article, we found that the expression of miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p was significantly downregulated under glucose treatment in a dose-dependent manner and in peripheral blood from diabetic patients compared with healthy participants. We explored the role of miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p in high glucose (HG)-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by regulating leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), their potential target with binding sites in 3-UTR region, that is also closely related to glucose metabolism. In addition, miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p significantly enhanced HG-induced oxidative stress injury by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promoted HG-induced HUVECs apoptosis, confirmed by TUNEL staining. LIF partially reduced those effects by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Therefore, knocking down of LIF in HUVECs by LIF siRNA transfection, significantly increased HG-induced MDA and ROS production and induced more intense HUVECs apoptosis. Our results indicate that miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p promote HG-induced HUVECs injury through their target LIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yunling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Dianlong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xiuping Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China.
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Lee TW, Kao YH, Lee TI, Chen YJ. ADAM10 modulates calcitriol-regulated RAGE in cardiomyocytes. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:675-683. [PMID: 28722189 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signalling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Calcitriol modulates cardiac RAGE expression. This study explored the mechanisms underlying the effect of calcitriol on RAGE and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) expression in cardiomyocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot, ELISA, fluorometric assay and PCR analyses were used to evaluate the RAGE, sRAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) expression and enzyme activity in HL-1 atrial myocytes without and with calcitriol (10 and 100 nM), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor (50 μg/mL), or ADAM10 inhibitor (5 μM) incubation for 48 h. RESULTS Calcitriol (10 nM) significantly reduced RAGE protein expression and increased sRAGE concentrations in HL-1 cardiomyocytes compared with control cells. These changes were associated with increased protein expression and enzyme activity of ADAM10 and higher mRNA expression of esRAGE. In the presence of ADAM10 inhibitor, however, the suppressive effect of calcitriol on RAGE was diminished. Methylglyoxal (500 μM for 10 min)-mediated JNK phosphorylation was attenuated in the presence of calcitriol (10 nM). Moreover, control and NF-κB inhibitor-treated HL-1 cells had similar RAGE and sRAGE expression, suggesting that calcitriol-mediated RAGE modulation was independent of NF-κB signalling. CONCLUSIONS We showed that RAGE downregulation and increased sRAGE production by calcitriol were mediated through ADAM10 activation in cardiomyocytes. The results suggest that calcitriol has therapeutic potential in treating RAGE-mediated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Effect of paricalcitol on pancreatic oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and glycemic status in diabetic rats. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:75-84. [PMID: 28551720 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is designed to explore the effect of paricalcitol (vitamin D receptor agonist) on pancreatic oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and adiponectin and glycemic status in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 10-12 weeks (150-250 g) were used in this study. Type 2 diabetes was developed by providing 4 weeks of high-fat-diet feeding before one shot of streptozotocin injection (40 mg/kg i.p.). Four study groups were designed as normal control rats, diabetic control vehicle-treated, diabetic paricalcitol-treated (0.8 μg/kg), and diabetic glibenclamide-treated (0.6 mg/kg) groups with 10 animals in each. After treatment of diabetic rats for 3 months, pancreatic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, plasma adiponectin, glycemic status parameters, and histopathological pancreatic islet changes were evaluated. RESULTS Paricalcitol and glibenclamide treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and pancreatic malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Moreover, they significantly (P < 0.05) increased plasma fasting insulin, C-peptide, adiponectin, pancreatic IL-2, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione when contrasted with diabetic control rats. Furthermore, they prevented extensive histopathological damage in the pancreas of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Paricalcitol reduced pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and improved glycemic status in diabetic rats.
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12
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The false alarm hypothesis: Food allergy is associated with high dietary advanced glycation end-products and proglycating dietary sugars that mimic alarmins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:429-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Lew JKS, Pearson JT, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Exercise mediated protection of diabetic heart through modulation of microRNA mediated molecular pathways. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28086863 PMCID: PMC5237289 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance collectively impact on the myocardium of people with diabetes, triggering molecular, structural and myocardial abnormalities. These have been suggested to aggravate oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, myocardial lipotoxicity and impaired myocardial substrate utilization. As a consequence, this leads to the development of a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, which may include but not limited to coronary endothelial dysfunction, and left ventricular remodelling and dysfunction. Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the term used to describe the presence of heart disease specifically in diabetic patients. Despite significant advances in medical research and long clinical history of anti-diabetic medications, the risk of heart failure in people with diabetes never declines. Interestingly, sustainable and long-term exercise regimen has emerged as an effective synergistic therapy to combat the cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes, although the precise molecular mechanism(s) underlying this protection remain unclear. This review provides an overview of the underlying mechanisms of hyperglycaemia- and insulin resistance-mediated DHD with a detailed discussion on the role of different intensities of exercise in mitigating these molecular alterations in diabetic heart. In particular, we provide the possible role of exercise on microRNAs, the key molecular regulators of several pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kar Sheng Lew
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
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Kanikarla-Marie P, Jain SK. Hyperketonemia and ketosis increase the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:268-77. [PMID: 27036365 PMCID: PMC4867238 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diets that boost ketone production are increasingly used for treating several neurological disorders. Elevation in ketones in most cases is considered favorable, as they provide energy and are efficient in fueling the body's energy needs. Despite all the benefits from ketones, the above normal elevation in the concentration of ketones in the circulation tend to illicit various pathological complications by activating injurious pathways leading to cellular damage. Recent literature demonstrates a plausible link between elevated levels of circulating ketones and oxidative stress, linking hyperketonemia to innumerable morbid conditions. Ketone bodies are produced by the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver as a source of alternative energy that generally occurs in glucose limiting conditions. Regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis plays an important role in dictating ketone concentrations in the blood. Hyperketonemia is a condition with elevated blood levels of acetoacetate, 3-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Several physiological and pathological triggers, such as fasting, ketogenic diet, and diabetes cause an accumulation and elevation of circulating ketones. Complications of the brain, kidney, liver, and microvasculature were found to be elevated in diabetic patients who had elevated ketones compared to those diabetics with normal ketone levels. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which hyperketonemia and ketoacidosis cause an increase in redox imbalance and thereby increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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15
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Kanikarla-Marie P, Jain SK. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits oxidative stress and monocyte adhesion by mediating the upregulation of GCLC and GSH in endothelial cells treated with acetoacetate (ketosis). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:94-101. [PMID: 26949104 PMCID: PMC4825694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients than among non-diabetic subjects. T1D is associated with hyperketonemia, a condition with elevated blood levels of ketones, in addition to hyperglycemia. The biochemical mechanism by which vitamin D (VD) may reduce the risk of CVD is not known. This study examines whether VD can be beneficial in reducing hyperketonemia (acetoacetate, AA) induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells. METHODS HUVEC were pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3, and later exposed to the ketone body acetoacetate. RESULTS The increases in ROS production, ICAM-1 expression, MCP-1 secretion, and monocyte adhesion in HUVEC treated with AA were significantly reduced following treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. Interestingly, an increase in glutathione (GSH) levels was also observed with 1,25(OH)2D3 in ketone treated cells. The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on GSH, ROS, and monocyte-endothelial adhesion were prevented in GCLC knockdown HUVEC. This suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits ROS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and adherence of monocytes mediated by the upregulation of GCLC and GSH. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the biochemical mechanism through which VD supplementation may reduce the excess monocyte adhesion to endothelium and inflammation associated with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Sushil K Jain
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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16
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Eren E, Aykal G, Sayrac S, Erol O, Ellidag HY, Yilmaz N. Relationship between thioredoxin and thioredoxin-binding protein in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:164-168. [PMID: 26955974 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1163685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the clinical and biological significance of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin-binding protein (TrxBP), which are redox-active proteins that control multiple biological functions, in gestational diabetes. METHODS We measured serum concentrations of Trx, TrxBP, insulin and other blood parameters, as well as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in pregnant women with or without gestational dieabetes mellitus (GDM) (34/34) at the early second trimester. RESULTS Contrary to diabetes patients, serum TrxBP levels were lower in women with GDM than healthy pregnant controls. The serum insulin concentrations were higher in GDM, but the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the intracellular redox potential ratio (Trx/TrxBP) of GDM patients was higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION During pregnancy, the mother is potentially subjected to glucotoxicity as well as oxidative stress (OS) to help the foetus absorb more nutrients. Our results suggest that the Trx/TrxBP system may mediate a compensating mechanism. Reduced TrxBP levels and consequent enhanced Trx activity may alleviate OS and protect the foetus from hypoglycaemia. We hypothesise that the decrease in TrxBP levels is not a consequence of GDM, but rather is an instance of the active functional role of TrxBP in maternal development, unifying redox regulation and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Central Laboratories of Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Guzin Aykal
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Central Laboratories of Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Suha Sayrac
- b Research and Development Unit, Antalya Association of Public Hospitals , Antalya , Turkey , and
| | - Onur Erol
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Hamit Yasar Ellidag
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Central Laboratories of Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Necat Yilmaz
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Central Laboratories of Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
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17
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Guo YX, He LY, Zhang M, Wang F, Liu F, Peng WX. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates expression of LRP1 and RAGE in vitro and in vivo, enhancing Aβ1-40 brain-to-blood efflux and peripheral uptake transport. Neuroscience 2016; 322:28-38. [PMID: 26820600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation and deposition of plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain. Growing epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) exerts neuroprotection against AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of the action remain unclear. Since Aβ clearance plays a crucial role in Aβ balance in the brain, the aim of the present study was to investigate potential effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Aβ1-40, the major soluble oligomeric form of Aβ, clearance via transport across blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) (efflux) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (influx) and peripheral uptake by liver mediated by LRP1. We identified colocalization of LRP1 and RAGE at BBB of mice, established an in vitro BBB model by culturing monolayer mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) cells under hypoxia and observed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment enhanced Aβ1-40 efflux across the BBB model and uptake by HepG2 cells. After 1,25(OH)2D3 exposure, LRP1 expression was increased significantly both in vivo and in vitro, and RAGE expression was reduced in the in vitro BBB model but not in microvascular endothelial cells of mice hippocampus. Additionally, we explored the correlation between the corresponding effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its nuclear hormone receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR) level. We found that VDR expression was upregulated after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our finding that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces cerebral Aβ1-40 level by increasing Aβ1-40 brain-to-blood efflux and peripheral uptake through regulating LRP1 and RAGE could shed light on the mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 neuroprotection against AD. And the action of 1,25(OH)2D3 might be associated with the VDR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-X Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - L-Y He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - M Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - F Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - F Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - W-X Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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18
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Inflammation in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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19
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Zitman-Gal T, Green J, Korzets Z, Bernheim J, Benchetrit S. Kruppel-like factors in an endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell coculture model: impact of a diabetic environment and vitamin D. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:470-8. [PMID: 25743914 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are involved in the development of local and diffuse vasculopathies by participating in inflammatory processes that can lead to uncontrolled vascular complications. Our aim was to study the possible interactions of EC and VSMC in an in vitro coculture model exposed to diabetic-like conditions and the effect of vitamin D on cellular pathways that might lead to an inflammatory response. EC and VSMC were isolated from different umbilical cords and stimulated in an in vitro coculture model in a diabetic-like environment and calcitriol for 24 h. Total RNA and protein were extracted from cells and analyzed for the expression of selected inflammatory-related markers. The EC-VSMC coculture in a diabetic-like environment induced the expression of inflammatory markers such as Kruppel-like factors, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), IL-6, and IL-8. Addition of vitamin D to the EC-VSMC coculture induced selective changes in the inflammatory response. This model could lead to a better understanding of the interactions between EC and VSMC in the inflammatory processes involved in diabetes and emphasizes the role of vitamin D in the inflammatory response. The use of different donors strengthens the significance of our findings showing that genetic variations do not affect the impact of vitamin D on the expression of inflammatory-related proteins in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Zitman-Gal
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, 44281, Israel,
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20
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Dalan R, Liew H, Tan WKA, Chew DE, Leow MKS. Vitamin D and the endothelium: basic, translational and clinical research updates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Lee TW, Kao YH, Lee TI, Chang CJ, Lien GS, Chen YJ. Calcitriol modulates receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in diabetic hearts. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:236-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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23
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Zitman-Gal T, Green J, Pasmanik-Chor M, Golan E, Bernheim J, Benchetrit S. Vitamin D manipulates miR-181c, miR-20b and miR-15a in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to a diabetic-like environment. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 24397367 PMCID: PMC3893386 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood and tissue concentrations of glucose and advanced glycation end-products are believed to play an important role in the development of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence specific manner. MiRNA are involved in various biological processes and become novel biomarkers, modulators and therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and DM. Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D) may inhibit endothelial proliferation, blunt angiogenesis, and be a cardioprotective agent. Calcitriol deficiency is a risk factor for DM and hypertension. The aim of this project was to study the miRNA microarray expression changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated in a diabetic-like environment with the addition of calcitriol. METHODS HUVEC were treated for 24 h with 200 μg/ml human serum albumin (HSA) and 100 mg/dl glucose (control group) or 200 μg/ml AGE-HSA, and 250 mg/dl glucose (diabetic-like environment), and physiological concentrations (10-10 mol/l) of calcitriol. miRNA microarray analysis and real time PCR to validate the miRNA expression profile and mRNA target gene expression were carried out. RESULTS Compared to control, 31 mature human miRNA were differentially expressed in the presence of a diabetic-like environment. Addition of physiological concentrations of calcitriol revealed 39 differentially expressed mature human miRNA. MiR-181c, miR-15a, miR-20b, miR-411, miR-659, miR-126 and miR-510 were selected for further analysis because they are known to be modified in DM and in other biological disorders. The predicted targets of these miRNA (such as KLF6, KLF9, KLF10, TXNIP and IL8) correspond to molecular and biological processes such as immune and defense responses, signal transduction and regulation of RNA. CONCLUSION This study identified novel miRNA in the field of diabetic vasculopathy and might provide new information about the effect of vitamin D on gene regulation induced by a diabetic-like environment. New gene targets that are part of the molecular mechanism and the therapeutic treatment in diabetic vasculopathy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Zitman-Gal
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel.
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24
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Boyan BD, Hart DA, Enoka RM, Nicolella DP, Resnick E, Berkley KJ, Sluka KA, Kwoh CK, Tosi LL, O'Connor MI, Coutts RD, Kohrt WM. Hormonal modulation of connective tissue homeostasis and sex differences in risk for osteoarthritis of the knee. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23374322 PMCID: PMC3583799 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Young female athletes experience a higher incidence of ligament injuries than their male counterparts, females experience a higher incidence of joint hypermobility syndrome (a risk factor for osteoarthritis development), and post-menopausal females experience a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than age-matched males. These observations indicate that fluctuating sex hormone levels in young females and loss of ovarian sex hormone production due to menopause likely contribute to observed sex differences in knee joint function and risk for loss of function. In studies of osteoarthritis, however, there is a general lack of appreciation for the heterogeneity of hormonal control in both women and men. Progress in this field is limited by the relatively few preclinical osteoarthritis models, and that most of the work with established models uses only male animals. To elucidate sex differences in osteoarthritis, it is important to examine sex hormone mechanisms in cells from knee tissues and the sexual dimorphism in the role of inflammation at the cell, tissue, and organ levels. There is a need to determine if the risk for loss of knee function and integrity in females is restricted to only the knee or if sex-specific changes in other tissues play a role. This paper discusses these gaps in knowledge and suggests remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Boyan
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - David A Hart
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Eileen Resnick
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Karen J Berkley
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - C Kent Kwoh
- University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Epidemiology, and Clinical and Translational Science Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Arthritis Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Laura L Tosi
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.,Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard D Coutts
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
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25
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Izquierdo MJ, Cavia M, Muñiz P, de Francisco ALM, Arias M, Santos J, Abaigar P. Paricalcitol reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2012. [PMID: 23186077 PMCID: PMC3520723 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with selective vitamin D receptor activators such as paricalcitol have been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in patients on hemodialysis, in addition to their action on mineral metabolism and independently of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the additional antioxidant capacity of paricalcitol in a clinical setting. METHODS The study included 19 patients with renal disease on hemodialysis, of whom peripheral blood was obtained for analysis at baseline and three months after starting intravenous paricalcitol treatment. The following oxidizing and inflammatory markers were quantified: malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrites and carbonyl groups, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Of the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were obtained. RESULTS Baseline levels of oxidation markers MDA, nitric oxide and protein carbonyl groups significantly decreased after three months on paricalcitol treatment, while levels of GSH, thioredoxin, catalase and SOD activity significantly increased. After paricalcitol treatment, levels of the inflammatory markers CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly reduced in serum and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. CONCLUSIONS In renal patients undergoing hemodialysis, paricalcitol treatment significantly reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, two well known factors leading to cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Izquierdo
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, C/ Fuenteovejuna 138, Burgos, 09006, Spain.
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