1
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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2
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Sinclair PB, Cranston RE, Raninga P, Cheng J, Hanna R, Hawking Z, Hair S, Ryan SL, Enshaei A, Nakjang S, Rand V, Blair HJ, Moorman AV, Heidenreich O, Harrison CJ. Disruption to the FOXO-PRDM1 axis resulting from deletions of chromosome 6 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:636-649. [PMID: 36670235 PMCID: PMC9991907 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A common problem in the study of human malignancy is the elucidation of cancer driver mechanisms associated with recurrent deletion of regions containing multiple genes. Taking B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and large deletions of 6q [del(6q)] as a model, we integrated analysis of functional cDNA clone tracking assays with patient genomic and transcriptomic data, to identify the transcription factors FOXO3 and PRDM1 as candidate tumour suppressor genes (TSG). Analysis of cell cycle and transcriptomic changes following overexpression of FOXO3 or PRDM1 indicated that they co-operate to promote cell cycle exit at the pre-B cell stage. FOXO1 abnormalities are absent in B-ALL, but like FOXO3, FOXO1 expression suppressed growth of TCF3::PBX1 and ETV6::RUNX1 B-ALL in-vitro. While both FOXOs induced PRDM1 and other genes contributing to late pre-B cell development, FOXO1 alone induced the key transcription factor, IRF4, and chemokine, CXCR4. CRISPR-Cas9 screening identified FOXO3 as a TSG, while FOXO1 emerged as essential for B-ALL growth. We relate this FOXO3-specific leukaemia-protective role to suppression of glycolysis based on integrated analysis of CRISPR-data and gene sets induced or suppressed by FOXO1 and FOXO3. Pan-FOXO agonist Selinexor induced the glycolysis inhibitor TXNIP and suppressed B-ALL growth at low dose (ID50 < 50 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Sinclair
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - Ruth E Cranston
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Joanna Cheng
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Hanna
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe Hawking
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Steven Hair
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Sarra L Ryan
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Amir Enshaei
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Vikki Rand
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesborough, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK
| | - Helen J Blair
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Princess Maxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
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3
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Vitamin D and Bone: A Story of Endocrine and Auto/Paracrine Action in Osteoblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030480. [PMID: 36771187 PMCID: PMC9919888 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its rigid structure, the bone is a dynamic organ, and is highly regulated by endocrine factors. One of the major bone regulatory hormones is vitamin D. Its renal metabolite 1α,25-OH2D3 has both direct and indirect effects on the maintenance of bone structure in health and disease. In this review, we describe the underlying processes that are directed by bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. During the bone formation process, osteoblasts undergo different stages which play a central role in the signaling pathways that are activated via the vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D is involved in directing the osteoblasts towards proliferation or apoptosis, regulates their differentiation to bone matrix producing cells, and controls the subsequent mineralization of the bone matrix. The stage of differentiation/mineralization in osteoblasts is important for the vitamin D effect on gene transcription and the cellular response, and many genes are uniquely regulated either before or during mineralization. Moreover, osteoblasts contain the complete machinery to metabolize active 1α,25-OH2D3 to ensure a direct local effect. The enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that synthesizes the active 1α,25-OH2D3 metabolite is functional in osteoblasts, as well as the enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) that degrades 1α,25-OH2D3. This shows that in the past 100 years of vitamin D research, 1α,25-OH2D3 has evolved from an endocrine regulator into an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblasts and bone formation.
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Chen K, Gao P, Li Z, Dai A, Yang M, Chen S, Su J, Deng Z, Li L. Forkhead Box O Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1648-1657. [PMID: 36174679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the consequence of protein degradation exceeding protein synthesis because of disease, aging, and physical inactivity. Patients with skeletal muscle atrophy have decreased muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, and experience reduced survival quality and motor function. The forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases and some autophagy factors. However, the mechanism of FOXO signaling pathway leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. The development of treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy has been a thorny clinical problem. FOXO-targeted therapy to treat skeletal muscle atrophy is a promising approach, and an increasing number of relevant studies have been reported. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of the FOXO signaling pathway mediating skeletal muscle atrophy, and provides ideas for the clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zongchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Aonan Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
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Pike JW, Meyer MB. New Approaches to Assess Mechanisms of Action of Selective Vitamin D Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212352. [PMID: 34830234 PMCID: PMC8619157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of transcription have revealed an advanced set of overarching principles that govern vitamin D action on a genome-wide scale. These tenets of vitamin D transcription have emerged as a result of the application of now well-established techniques of chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to next-generation DNA sequencing that have now been linked directly to CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing in culture cells and in mouse tissues in vivo. Accordingly, these techniques have established that the vitamin D hormone modulates sets of cell-type specific genes via an initial action that involves rapid binding of the VDR-ligand complex to multiple enhancer elements at open chromatin sites that drive the expression of individual genes. Importantly, a sequential set of downstream events follows this initial binding that results in rapid histone acetylation at these sites, the recruitment of additional histone modifiers across the gene locus, and in many cases, the appearance of H3K36me3 and RNA polymerase II across gene bodies. The measured recruitment of these factors and/or activities and their presence at specific regions in the gene locus correlate with the emerging presence of cognate transcripts, thereby highlighting sequential molecular events that occur during activation of most genes both in vitro and in vivo. These features provide a novel approach to the study of vitamin D analogs and their actions in vivo and suggest that they can be used for synthetic compound evaluation and to select for novel tissue- and gene-specific features. This may be particularly useful for ligand activation of nuclear receptors given the targeting of these factors directly to genetic sites in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wesley Pike
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(608)-262-8229; Fax: +1-(608)-263-7609
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Habibi N, Bianco-Miotto T, Phoi YY, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Roberts CT, Grieger JA. Maternal diet and offspring telomere length: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:148-159. [PMID: 32968801 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies assert a negative influence of inappropriate maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy on offspring, not only in utero but throughout life, because of the role in the programing of noncommunicable diseases. Telomere length is a biomarker of aging, and shorter telomeres are associated with chronic disease later in life. Maternal nutrition and nutritional status may be an important determinant of offspring telomere length. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of maternal nutrition and nutritional status in pregnancy on offspring telomere length. DATA SOURCES This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Database searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science were performed. STUDY SELECTION Included studies assessed the association between maternal nutrition (dietary intake and nutritional status) during pregnancy and offspring telomere length measured in cord blood, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DATA EXTRACTION Three authors screened and determined the quality of the articles; disagreements were resolved by a fourth author. All authors compared the compiled data. RESULTS Seven studies were extracted and evaluated. Studies comprised a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n = 1), prospective cohort studies (n = 5), and a cross-sectional study (n = 1). Higher circulating maternal folate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations, along with higher maternal dietary caffeine intakes, were associated with longer offspring telomere length, whereas higher dietary intake of carbohydrate, folate, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, or sodium was not. CONCLUSION The limited but suggestive evidence highlights the need for further research to be conducted in this area, particularly longitudinal studies involving larger cohorts of pregnant women. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019136506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yan Yin Phoi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Livingston S, Mallick S, Lucas DA, Sabir MS, Sabir ZL, Purdin H, Nidamanuri S, Haussler CA, Haussler MR, Jurutka PW. Pomegranate derivative urolithin A enhances vitamin D receptor signaling to amplify serotonin-related gene induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100825. [PMID: 33088927 PMCID: PMC7566096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), is known to regulate expression of genes impacting calcium and phosphorus metabolism, the immune system, and behavior. Urolithin A, a nutrient metabolite derived from pomegranate, possibly acting through AMP kinase (AMPK) signaling, supports respiratory muscle health in rodents and longevity in C. elegans by inducing oxidative damage-reversing genes and mitophagy. We show herein that urolithin A enhances transcriptional actions of 1,25D driven by co-transfected vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs), and dissection of this genomic effect in cell culture reveals: 1) urolithin A concentration-dependency, 2) occurrence with isolated natural VDREs, 3) nuclear receptor selectivity for VDR over ER, LXR and RXR, and 4) significant 3- to 13-fold urolithin A-augmentation of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding the widely expressed 1,25D-detoxification enzyme, CYP24A1, a benchmark vitamin D target gene. Relevant to potential behavioral effects of vitamin D, urolithin A elicits enhancement of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), the serotonergic neuron-expressed initial enzyme in tryptophan metabolism to serotonin. Employing quantitative real time-PCR, we demonstrate that TPH2 mRNA is induced 1.9-fold by 10 nM 1,25D treatment in culture of differentiated rat serotonergic raphe (RN46A-B14) cells, an effect magnified 2.5-fold via supplementation with 10 μM urolithin A. This potentiation of 1,25D-induced TPH2 mRNA by urolithin A is followed by a 3.1- to 3.7-fold increase in serotonin concentration in culture medium from the pertinent neuronal cell line, RN46A-B14. These results are consistent with the concept that two natural nutrient metabolites, urolithin A from pomegranate and 1,25D from sunlight/vitamin D, likely acting via AMPK and VDR, respectively, cooperate mechanistically to effect VDRE-mediated regulation of gene expression in neuroendocrine cells. Finally, gedunin, a neuroprotective natural product from Indian neem tree that impacts the brain derived neurotropic factor pathway, similarly potentiates 1,25D/VDR-action. Hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D acts in brain to induce tryptophan hydroxylase-2. Urolithin A derived from ellagitannins in pomegranates curbs neuroinflammation. Urolithin A enhances the transcriptional actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Urolithin A raises 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mRNA. Serotonin rises in raphe cells exposed to urolithin A and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Sanchita Mallick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel A Lucas
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Marya S Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Zhela L Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Hespera Purdin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Sree Nidamanuri
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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8
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Daily and seasonal mitochondrial protection: Unraveling common possible mechanisms involving vitamin D and melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105595. [PMID: 31954766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From an evolutionary point of view, vitamin D and melatonin appeared very early and share functions related to defense mechanisms. In the current clinical setting, vitamin D is exclusively associated with phosphocalcic metabolism. Meanwhile, melatonin has chronobiological effects and influences the sleep-wake cycle. Scientific evidence, however, has identified new actions of both molecules in different physiological and pathological settings. The biosynthetic pathways of vitamin D and melatonin are inversely related relative to sun exposure. A deficiency of these molecules has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sleep disorders, kidney diseases, cancer, psychiatric disorders, bone diseases, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, among others. During aging, the intake and cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, as well as the endogenous synthesis of melatonin are remarkably depleted, therefore, producing a state characterized by an increase of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Both molecules are involved in the homeostatic functioning of the mitochondria. Given the presence of specific receptors in the organelle, the antagonism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the decrease of reactive species of oxygen (ROS), in conjunction with modifications in autophagy and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory properties inter alia, mitochondria emerge as the final common target for melatonin and vitamin D. The primary purpose of this review is to elucidate the common molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D and melatonin might share a synergistic effect in the protection of proper mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Huang J, Shen G, Ren H, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zhao W, Shang Q, Cui J, Yu P, Peng J, Liang D, Yang Z, Jiang X. Role of forkhead box gene family in bone metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1986-1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Ren
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Department of Spinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jiancheng Peng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - De Liang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Department of Spinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhidong Yang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Department of Spinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Department of Spinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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10
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Ferri E, Casati M, Cesari M, Vitale G, Arosio B. Vitamin D in physiological and pathological aging: Lesson from centenarians. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:273-282. [PMID: 31654261 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that exerts a pleiotropic action on a wide spectrum of tissues, apparatuses and systems. Thus, vitamin D has assumed an increasingly dominant role as a key determinant of biological mechanisms and specific clinical conditions. Older people frequently present vitamin D deficiency, a status potentially influencing several mechanisms responsible for different age-related diseases. Centenarians symbolize the ideal model for investigating the peculiar traits of longevity, as they have reached an age close to the estimated limit of the human lifespan. Interestingly, despite the profound heterogeneity of centenarians in terms of health status, all these people share the same condition of severe vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that they may have implemented a number of adaptive strategies to cope with the age-related physiological derangement of vitamin D metabolism. The lesson deriving from centenarians' experience suggests that: i) severe vitamin D deficiency does not preclude the possibility of reaching extreme longevity, ii) strategies to prevent hypovitaminosis D may be useful to slow down the processes of "fragilization" occurring in aged people, iii) beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation need to be confirmed regarding longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Milan, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Chen C, Luo Y, Su Y, Teng L. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) protects pancreatic beta cells against Forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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12
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Tohari AM, Alhasani RH, Biswas L, Patnaik SR, Reilly J, Zeng Z, Shu X. Vitamin D Attenuates Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090341. [PMID: 31450606 PMCID: PMC6770403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common visual disorder in elderly people, is characterized by the formation of deposits beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and by dysfunction of RPE and photoreceptor cells. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D3 (VITD), is categorized as a multifunctional steroid hormone that modulates many transcriptional processes of different genes and is involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Epidemiological and genetic association studies demonstrate that VITD may have a protective role in AMD, while single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism gene (CYP24A1) increase the risk of AMD. However, the functional mechanisms of VITD in AMD are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the impact of VITD on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human RPE cells. We demonstrate that exposure to H2O2 caused significantly reduced cell viability, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered expression of antioxidant enzymes and enhanced inflammation. VITD exposure notably counteracted the above H2O2-induced effects. Our data suggest that VITD protects the RPE from oxidative damage and elucidate molecular mechanisms of VITD deficiency in the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Tohari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Fahad Hospital, PO Box 204, Jazan 91991, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Sarita Rani Patnaik
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Tang KC, Pan W, Doschak MR, Alexander RT. Increased FoxO3a expression prevents osteoblast differentiation and matrix calcification. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100206. [PMID: 31193232 PMCID: PMC6522754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box O transcription factors play important roles in bone metabolism by defending against oxidative stress and apoptosis. FoxO3a is of special interest as it is the predominant isoform expressed in bone. In osteoblasts, the administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) increases FoxO3a expression, and alters calcium handling. We therefore queried whether FoxO3a participates in vitamin D-mediated regulation of calcium transport pathways or matrix calcification, independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To examine this possibility, we differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells into mature osteoblast-like cells over 7 days. This coincided with an increased ability to mineralize extracellular matrix. FoxO3a expression increased throughout differentiation. 1,25D3 enhanced both FoxO3a mRNA and protein expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy found increased FoxO3a nuclear localization with differentiation and after treatment with 1,25D3. Live cell ratiometric imaging with Fura-2AM identified significant L-type calcium channel mediated calcium uptake that was enhanced by 1,25D3. We observed expression of both Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, although expression decreased throughout differentiation and was not altered by 1,25D3 treatment. FoxO3a overexpression reduced calcium uptake and calcium deposition. FoxO3a overexpression also prevented alterations in calcium channel expression and the cell differentiation associated decrease in expression of Runx2 and increased expression of osteocalcin, findings consistent with a failure for the cells to differentiate. Based on both our expression and functional data, we suggest that high levels of FoxO3a prevent osteoblast differentiation and matrix calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy C Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Wanling Pan
- Department of Physiology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,The Women's & Children's Health Research Institute, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Roehlen N, Doering C, Hansmann ML, Gruenwald F, Vorlaender C, Bechstein WO, Holzer K, Badenhoop K, Penna-Martinez M. Vitamin D, FOXO3a, and Sirtuin1 in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:527. [PMID: 30271381 PMCID: PMC6142903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protective effects of vitamin D have been reported in autoimmune and malignant thyroid diseases, though little is known about the underlying mechanism. Sirtuin 1 histon deacethylase (SIRT1) links the vitamin D pathway with regulation of transcription factor FOXO3a, a key player in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Aim of the present study was to investigate common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) in FOXO3a gene in respect to thyroid diseases, as well as to evaluate the hypothesis of Sirtuin1-FOXO3a interaction being a mediator of anti-proliferative vitamin D effects. Methods: The SNP's FOXO3a rs4946936/rs4945816/rs9400239 were genotyped in 257 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), 139 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and 463 healthy controls (HC). Moreover, T-helper cells of HC and papillary thyroid cancer cell line BCPAP were incubated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and/or SIRT1 inhibitor Ex-527 in order to elucidate SIRT1- dependent vitamin D effects on cell proliferation and FOXO3a gene expression in vitro. Results: Patients with DTC tended to carry more often allele C in FOXO3a rs4946936 in comparison to HC (pcorrected = pc = 0.08). FOXO3a rs9400239T and rs4945816C was more frequent in HT in comparison to HC (pc = 0.02 and pc = 0.01, respectively). In both DTC and HT, we could not find a correlation of FOXO3a SNP's with vitamin D status. However, on in vitro level, 1,25(OH)2D3 showed an anti-proliferative effect in both T-helper cells and BCPAP, that was blocked by SIRT1 inhibition (T-helper cells: p = 0.0059, BCPAP: p = 0.04) and accompanied by elevated FOXO3a gene expression in T-helper cells (p = 0.05). Conclusions: FOXO3a rs9400239T and rs4945816C may constitute risk factors for HT, independent of the vitamin D status.This indicates the implication of FOXO3a in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The dependency of anti-proliferative vitamin D effects on SIRT1 activity further suggests a key role of vitamin D-SIRT1-FOXO3a axis for protective vitamin D effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Natascha Roehlen
| | - Claudia Doering
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Gruenwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Katharina Holzer
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Yuan Y, Guo Q, Gong P, Wu Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases implant osseointegration in diabetic mice partly through FoxO1 inactivation in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:626-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Burger MG, Steinitz A, Geurts J, Pippenger BE, Schaefer DJ, Martin I, Barbero A, Pelttari K. Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Senescence of Human Osteoarthritic Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122517. [PMID: 29186811 PMCID: PMC5751120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is implicated in the pathology of several age-related diseases. While the clearance of senescent cells has been suggested as a therapeutic target for patients with osteoarthritis (OA), cellular senescence of bone-resident osteoblasts (OB) remains poorly explored. Since oxidative stress is a well-known inducer of cellular senescence, we here investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the isolation efficiency, expansion, differentiation potential, and transcriptomic profile of OB from osteoarthritic subchondral bone. Bone chips were harvested from sclerotic and non-sclerotic regions of the subchondral bone of human OA joints. The application of 0.1 mM ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AA) significantly increased the number of outgrowing cells and their proliferation capacity. This enhanced proliferative capacity showed a negative correlation with the amount of senescent cells and was accompanied by decreased expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured OB. Expanded cells continued to express differentiated OB markers independently of AA supplementation and demonstrated no changes in their capacity to osteogenically differentiate. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that apoptotic, cell cycle–proliferation, and catabolic pathways were the main pathways affected in the presence of AA during OB expansion. Supplementation with AA can thus help to expand subchondral bone OB in vitro while maintaining their special cellular characteristics. The clearance of such senescent OB could be envisioned as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G. Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Amir Steinitz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Departments for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Departments Spine Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.G.); (B.E.P.)
| | - Benjamin E. Pippenger
- Departments Spine Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.G.); (B.E.P.)
| | - Dirk J. Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-265-2384
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.G.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (K.P.)
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17
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Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Xin N, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Gong P, Wu Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 promotes osteogenesis by promoting Wnt signaling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:153-160. [PMID: 28859991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remarkably affects bone metabolism and causes multiple skeletal disorders, which are associated with the increased oxidative stress that activates Forkhead family of transcription factors (FoxOs). 1α,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the hormonally active form of vitamin D, plays a potential role in the prevention of glucose tolerance. However, its mechanism of action in high glucose-induced energy disorders remains unclear. In vitro study shows that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes osteogenesis in high glucose-induced oxidative stress mainly results from increased osteoblasts proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 exhibit an increased osteogenic differentiation capacity and an elevated level of osteogenic phenotype (i.e. alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1, osteocalcin, and osteopontin). We also found that the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteogenesis is achieved by FoxO1 inactivation and nuclear exclusion through PI3K/Akt pathway in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the diversion of β-catenin from FoxO1- to Wnt/TCF4-mediated transcription was indirectly promoted by the inactivation of FoxO1. These data together reveals that the activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulatory action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteogenesis in oxidative stress. This study also provides a novel understanding of the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on skeleton in oxidative stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Statin and Bisphosphonate Induce Starvation in Fast-Growing Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091982. [PMID: 28914765 PMCID: PMC5618631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins and bisphosphonates are increasingly recognized as anti-cancer drugs, especially because of their cholesterol-lowering properties. However, these drugs act differently on various types of cancers. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of statins and bisphosphonates on the metabolism (NADP+/NADPH-relation) of highly proliferative tumor cell lines from different origins (PC-3 prostate carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, U-2 OS osteosarcoma) versus cells with a slower proliferation rate like MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that after 6 days of treatment with pharmacologic doses of the statin simvastatin and of the bisphosphonate ibandronate, simvastatin regulated more than twice as many genes as ibandronate, including many genes associated with cell cycle progression. Upregulation of starvation-markers and a reduction of metabolism and associated NADPH production, an increase in autophagy, and a concomitant downregulation of H3K27 methylation was most significant in the fast-growing cancer cell lines. This study provides possible explanations for clinical observations indicating a higher sensitivity of rapidly proliferating tumors to statins and bisphosphonates.
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19
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Eelen G, Verlinden L, Maes C, Beullens I, Gysemans C, Paik JH, DePinho RA, Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verstuyf A. Forkhead box O transcription factors in chondrocytes regulate endochondral bone formation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:337-343. [PMID: 26232637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of embryonic mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes and the subsequent formation of a cartilaginous scaffold that enables the formation of long bones are hallmarks of endochondral ossification. During this process, chondrocytes undergo a remarkable sequence of events involving proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy and eventually apoptosis. Forkhead Box O (FoxO) transcription factors (TFs) are well-known regulators of such cellular processes. Although FoxO3a was previously shown to be regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in osteoblasts, a possible role for this family of TFs in chondrocytes during endochondral ossification remains largely unstudied. By crossing Collagen2-Cre mice with FoxO1lox/lox;FoxO3alox/lox;FoxO4lox/lox mice, we generated mice in which the three main FoxO isoforms were deleted in growth plate chondrocytes (chondrocyte triple knock-out; CTKO). Intriguingly, CTKO neonates showed a distinct elongation of the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. CTKO mice had increased overall body and tail length at eight weeks of age and suffered from severe skeletal deformities at older ages. CTKO chondrocytes displayed decreased expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis. These observations illustrate the importance of FoxO signaling in chondrocytes during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eelen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Maes
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Beullens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J-H Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - R A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Chen S, Villalta A, Agrawal DK. FOXO1 Mediates Vitamin D Deficiency-Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:585-95. [PMID: 26462119 PMCID: PMC4814301 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies have consistently shown a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This is supported by recent trials showing that vitamin D supplementation in prediabetic or insulin-resistant patients with inadequate vitamin D levels improves insulin sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency-induced insulin resistance and DM2 remain unknown. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a primary defect in the majority of patients with DM2. Although sustained activation of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in skeletal muscle causes insulin resistance, a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and FOXO1 activation in muscle is unknown. We generated skeletal muscle-specific vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice and discovered that these mice developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance accompanied by increased expression and activity of FOXO1. We also found sustained FOXO1 activation in the skeletal muscle of global VDR-null mice. Treatment of C2C12 muscle cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD3) reduced FOXO1 expression, nuclear translocation, and activity. The VD3-dependent suppression of FOXO1 activation disappeared by knockdown of VDR, indicating that it is VDR-dependent. Taken together, these results suggest that FOXO1 is a critical target mediating VDR-null signaling in skeletal muscle. The novel findings provide the conceptual support that persistent FOXO1 activation may be responsible for insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in vitamin D signaling-deficient mice, as well as evidence for the utility of vitamin D supplementation for intervention in DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcang Chen
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Armando Villalta
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha NE 68178 USA
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21
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Haussler MR, Whitfield GK, Haussler CA, Sabir MS, Khan Z, Sandoval R, Jurutka PW. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Klotho: A Tale of Two Renal Hormones Coming of Age. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 100:165-230. [PMID: 26827953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is the renal metabolite of vitamin D that signals through binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). The ligand-receptor complex transcriptionally regulates genes encoding factors stimulating calcium and phosphate absorption plus bone remodeling, maintaining a skeleton with reduced risk of age-related osteoporotic fractures. 1,25D/VDR signaling exerts feedback control of Ca/PO4 via regulation of FGF23, klotho, and CYP24A1 to prevent age-related, ectopic calcification, fibrosis, and associated pathologies. Vitamin D also elicits xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. Many of the healthspan advantages conferred by 1,25D are promulgated by its induction of klotho, a renal hormone that is an anti-aging enzyme/coreceptor that protects against skin atrophy, osteopenia, hyperphosphatemia, endothelial dysfunction, cognitive defects, neurodegenerative disorders, and impaired hearing. In addition to the high-affinity 1,25D hormone, low-affinity nutritional VDR ligands including curcumin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and anthocyanidins initiate VDR signaling, whereas the longevity principles resveratrol and SIRT1 potentiate VDR signaling. 1,25D exerts actions against neural excitotoxicity and induces serotonin mood elevation to support cognitive function and prosocial behavior. Together, 1,25D and klotho maintain the molecular signaling systems that promote growth (p21), development (Wnt), antioxidation (Nrf2/FOXO), and homeostasis (FGF23) in tissues crucial for normal physiology, while simultaneously guarding against malignancy and degeneration. Therefore, liganded-VDR modulates the expression of a "fountain of youth" array of genes, with the klotho target emerging as a major player in the facilitation of health span by delaying the chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
| | - G Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marya S Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Zainab Khan
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruby Sandoval
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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22
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Sarkar S, Hewison M, Studzinski GP, Li YC, Kalia V. Role of vitamin D in cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity to pathogens and cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:132-45. [PMID: 26479950 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the immune system have been delineated. Moreover, strong clinical associations between vitamin D status and the incidence/severity of many immune-regulated disorders (e.g. infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmunity) have prompted the idea of using vitamin D supplementation to manipulate disease outcome. While much is known about the effects of vitamin D on innate immune responses and helper T (T(H)) cell immunity, there has been relatively limited progress on the frontier of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity--an arm of host cellular adaptive immunity that is crucial for the control of such intracellular pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this review, we discuss the strong historical and clinical link between vitamin D and infectious diseases that involves cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity, present our current understanding as well as critical knowledge gaps in the realm of vitamin D regulation of host CTL responses, and highlight potential regulatory connections between vitamin D and effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation events during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Sarkar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- c Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - George P Studzinski
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA , and
| | - Yan Chun Li
- e Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
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23
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Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Downes M. Vitamin D, muscle and bone: Integrating effects in development, aging and injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:3-10. [PMID: 25837735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone, a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues. One such hormone, vitamin D, exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In the clinical setting, vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor result in generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D at these sites. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts specific effects throughout the life of the musculoskeletal system - in development, aging and injury. From this holistic viewpoint, we offer new insights into an old debate: whether vitamin D's effects in the musculoskeletal system are direct via local VDR signals or indirect via its systemic effects in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Pozo-Molina G, Ponciano-Gómez A, Rivera-González GC, Hernández-Zavala A, Garrido E. Arsenic-induced S phase cell cycle lengthening is associated with ROS generation, p53 signaling and CDC25A expression. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 238:170-9. [PMID: 26148435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular response to arsenic is strongly dependent on p53 functional status. Primarily arresting the cell cycle in G1 or G2/M phases, arsenic treatment also induces an increase in the S-phase time in wild-type p53 cells. In contrast, cells with a non-functional p53 display only a subtle increase in the S phase, indicating arsenic differentially affects the cell cycle depending on p53 status. Importantly, it has been reported that arsenic induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), a process counteracted by p53. To evaluate the participation of p53 in the lengthening of the S phase and the connection between the transient cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress, we evaluated the cell response to arsenic in MCF-7 and H1299 cells, and analyzed p53's role as a transcription factor in regulating genes involved in ROS reduction and S phase transition. Herein, we discovered that arsenic induced an increase in the population of S phase cells that was dependent on the presence and transcriptional activity of p53. Furthermore, for the first time, we demonstrate that arsenic activates p53-dependent transcription of ROS detoxification genes, such as SESN1, and by an indirect mechanism involving ATF3, genes that could be responsible for the S phase cell cycle arrest, such as CDC25A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | - Efraín Garrido
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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25
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Nho RS, Hergert P. FoxO3a and disease progression. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:346-354. [PMID: 25225602 PMCID: PMC4160528 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) family has recently been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with the many diverse functions of cells. So far, FoxO1, FoxO3a, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins have been identified in humans. Although each FoxO family member has its own role, unlike the other FoxO families, FoxO3a has been extensively studied because of its rather unique and pivotal regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, stress management and longevity. FoxO3a alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancers, fibrosis and other types of diseases. In this review, we will examine the function of FoxO3a in disease progression and also explore FoxO3a’s regulatory mechanisms. We will also discuss FoxO3a as a potential target for the treatment of several types of disease.
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26
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Valcheva P, Cardus A, Panizo S, Parisi E, Bozic M, Lopez Novoa JM, Dusso A, Fernández E, Valdivielso JM. Lack of vitamin D receptor causes stress-induced premature senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells through enhanced local angiotensin-II signals. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:247-55. [PMID: 24880896 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inhibition of the renal renin-angiotensin system by the active form of vitamin D contributes to the cardiovascular health benefits of a normal vitamin D status. Local production of angiotensin-II in the vascular wall is a potent mediator of oxidative stress, prompting premature senescence. Herein, our objective was to examine the impact of defective vitamin D signalling on local angiotensin-II levels and arterial health. METHODS Primary cultures of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from wild-type and vitamin D receptor-knockout (VDRKO) mice were used for the assessment of cell growth, angiotensin-II and superoxide anion production and expression levels of cathepsin D, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor and p57(Kip2). The in vitro findings were confirmed histologically in aortas from wild-type and VDRKO mice. RESULTS VSMC from VDRKO mice produced more angiotensin-II in culture, and elicited higher levels of cathepsin D, an enzyme with renin-like activity, and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor, than wild-type mice. Accordingly, VDRKO VSMC showed higher intracellular superoxide anion production, which could be suppressed by cathepsin D, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor or NADPH oxidase antagonists. VDRKO cells presented higher levels of p57(Kip2), impaired proliferation and premature senescence, all of them blunted upon inhibition of angiotensin-II signalling. In vivo studies confirmed higher levels of cathepsin D, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor and p57(Kip2) in aortas from VDRKO mice. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of active vitamin D in vascular health could be a result of the attenuation of local production of angiotensin-II and downstream free radicals, thus preventing the premature senescence of VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Valcheva
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Cardus
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Parisi
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Lopez Novoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Nephrology Service and UDETMA, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Spain.
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27
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van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D and gene networks in human osteoblasts. Front Physiol 2014; 5:137. [PMID: 24782782 PMCID: PMC3988399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is indirectly influenced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) through the stimulation of calcium uptake in the intestine and re-absorption in the kidneys. Direct effects on osteoblasts and bone formation have also been established. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in osteoblasts and 1,25D3 modifies gene expression of various osteoblast differentiation and mineralization-related genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), osteocalcin (BGLAP), and osteopontin (SPP1). 1,25D3 is known to stimulate mineralization of human osteoblasts in vitro, and recently it was shown that 1,25D3 induces mineralization via effects in the period preceding mineralization during the pre-mineralization period. For a full understanding of the action of 1,25D3 in osteoblasts it is important to get an integrated network view of the 1,25D3-regulated genes during osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The current data will be presented and discussed alluding to future studies to fully delineate the 1,25D3 action in osteoblast. Describing and understanding the vitamin D regulatory networks and identifying the dominant players in these networks may help develop novel (personalized) vitamin D-based treatments. The following topics will be discussed in this overview: (1) Bone metabolism and osteoblasts, (2) Vitamin D, bone metabolism and osteoblast function, (3) Vitamin D induced transcriptional networks in the context of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bone and Calcium Metabolism Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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28
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrine system and osteoblasts. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:493. [PMID: 24605210 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between vitamin D and osteoblasts is complex. In the current review we will give an overview of the current knowledge of the vitamin D endocrine system in osteoblasts. The presence of the vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts enables direct effects of 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25D3) on osteoblasts, but the magnitude of the effects is subject to the presence of many other factors. Vitamin D affects osteoblast proliferation, as well as differentiation and mineralization, but these effects vary with the timing of treatment, dosage and origin of the osteoblasts. Vitamin D effects on differentiation and mineralization are mostly stimulatory in human and rat osteoblasts, and inhibitory in murine osteoblasts. Several genes and mechanisms are studied to explain the effects of 1α,25D3 on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Besides the classical VDR, osteoblasts also express a membrane-localized receptor, and in vitro studies have shown that osteoblasts are capable of the synthesis of 1α,25D3.
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