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Liu X, Brock KE, Brennan‐Speranza TC, Flicker L, Golledge J, Hankey GJ, Girgis CM, Yeap BB. Healthy lifestyles are associated with better vitamin D status in community-dwelling older men: The Health In Men Study (HIMS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 99:165-173. [PMID: 37165475 PMCID: PMC10952998 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older people are more prone to vitamin D deficiency than younger populations. Individual lifestyle factors have been associated with vitamin D status. We examined the influence of a combination of lifestyle factors on vitamin D status in older men. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS In a population-based cohort study of older men (age ≥65 years), a lifestyle score was calculated from eight prudent health-related behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol, fish and meat consumption, adding salt, milk choices and obesity) collected via questionnaire at baseline. Blood samples were collected 5 years afterwards to measure plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Associations between lifestyles and the likelihood of having plasma 25OHD levels of ≥75 versus <75 nmol/L and ≥50 versus <50 nmol/L were tested using logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 2717 men analysed, mean plasma 25OHD was 69.0 ± 23.5 nmol/L, with 20.7% having plasma 25OHD <50 nmol/L. Men engaging in ≥4 healthy lifestyle behaviours had 20% higher odds of plasma 25OHD ≥75 nmol/L (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45) compared to those with <4 healthy behaviours. No association was found for 25OHD ≥50 nmol/L. Higher physical activity was the only individual component significantly associated with vitamin D sufficiency (highest vs. lowest quintiles of physical activity, adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.47-2.74 for 25OHD ≥50 nmol/L, adjusted OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.81-3.06 for 25OHD ≥75 nmol/L). CONCLUSION Multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours are associated with better vitamin D status in older men. Further work is needed to determine the effects of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, on vitamin D sufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kaye E. Brock
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Leon Flicker
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Western Australian Centre for Health & AgeingUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular DiseaseJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryTownsville University HospitalTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational SciencePerthAustralia
| | - Christian M. Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyWestmead HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesFiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia
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Dechsupa S, Yingsakmongkol W, Limthongkul W, Singhatanadgige W, Jitjumnong M, Honsawek S. Vitamin D Inadequacy Affects Skeletal Muscle Index and Physical Performance in Lumbar Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043152. [PMID: 36834562 PMCID: PMC9962334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is one of the fundamental causes of low back pain. The aims of this study were to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and physical performance and to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels, muscle strength and physical activity in elderly patients with LDD. The participants were 200 LDD patients, including 155 females and 45 males aged 60 years and over. Data on body mass index and body composition were collected. Serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone levels were measured. Serum 25(OH)D was classified into the insufficiency group: <30 ng/mL and the sufficiency group: ≥30 ng/mL. Muscle strength was assessed by grip strength, and physical performance (short physical performance battery) was evaluated by the balance test, chair stand test, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Serum 25(OH)D levels in LDD patients with vitamin D insufficiency were significantly lower than in those with vitamin D sufficiency (p < 0.0001). LDD patients with vitamin D insufficiency had a prolonged time in physical performance on gait speed (p = 0.008), chair stand test (p = 0.013), and TUG test (p = 0.014) compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency. Additionally, we found that serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated with gait speed (r = -0.153, p = 0.03) and TUG test (r = -0.168, p = 0.017) in LDD patients. No significant associations with serum 25(OH)D status were observed for grip strength and balance tests among patients. These findings demonstrate that higher serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with better physical performance in LDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinsuda Dechsupa
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wicharn Yingsakmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worawat Limthongkul
- Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Singhatanadgige
- Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Manassanan Jitjumnong
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: address:
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Henn M, Martin-Gorgojo V, Martin-Moreno JM. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022; 14:4512. [PMID: 36364774 PMCID: PMC9657468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Martin-Gorgojo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Martin-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Li H, Han D, Wang H, Shu D, Xu L, Hou L, Xu Y, Lai X. The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Activity of Daily Living in the Elderly. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6357-6364. [PMID: 35935099 PMCID: PMC9355018 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the association between vitamin D and the performance of activity of daily living in the elderly. Methods A total of 94 patients over the age of 65 were eligible to participate if they had undergone a bone mineral density test and if they were in a stable health condition. Subjects were further divided into two groups according to activity of daily living (ADL): the score over 40 of the patients as the high ADL group and the below as the low ADL group. Results According to univariate analysis, the mean of total hip T score, serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR), and vitamin D were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.024, 0.008, 0.010). Multivariate ORs showed that the CCR (OR: 0.948; 95%CI: 0.910–0.989; P=0.013) and vitamin D (OR: 865; 95%CI: 0.752–0.994; P=0.047) were inversely associated with having low ADL. Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis, the Barthel ADL index was related to geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), CCR and vitamin D but independent of patients’ age with the slope of 0.732, 0.539, and 0.689 separately, reflected the stronger relative within the variables. Conclusion We demonstrated that there is a negative correlation of CCR and vitamin D with having low ADL in elderly population. Monitoring the trend of serum vitamin D and CCR, may have a role in the early detection of low ADL with loss of muscle mass and strength in the population of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Han
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Shu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liufang Hou
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Xu; Xueli Lai, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132717. [PMID: 35807896 PMCID: PMC9268405 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.
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Exercise: A Possibly Effective Way to Improve Vitamin D Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132652. [PMID: 35807833 PMCID: PMC9268447 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has become a widespread public health problem owing to its potential adverse health effects. Generally, the nutritional status of vitamin D depends on sunlight exposure and dietary or supplementary intake. However, recent studies have found that exercise can influence circulating 25(OH)D levels; although, the results have been inconclusive. In this review, we focused on the effect of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolites and their possible mechanisms. We found that endurance exercise can significantly increase serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D-deficient people but has no significant effect on vitamin D-sufficient people. This benefit has not been observed with resistance training. Only chronic endurance exercise training can significantly increase serum 1,25(OH)2D, and the effect may be sex-dependent. Exercise may influence 25(OH)D levels in the circulation by regulating either the vitamin D metabolites stored in tissues or the utilization by target tissues. The effects of exercise on 25(OH)D levels in the circulation may be dependent on many factors, such as the vitamin D nutritional status, exercise type and intensity, and sex. Therefore, further research on the effects and mechanisms of exercise on vitamin D metabolites is required.
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7
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Phillips EA, Hendricks N, Bucher M, Maloyan A. Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Function and Reduces Inflammation in Placentae of Obese Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893848. [PMID: 35712242 PMCID: PMC9195071 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 30% of women entering pregnancy in the US are obese. We have previously reported mitochondrial dysregulation and increased inflammation in the placentae of obese women. Vitamin D (VitD) is a major player in calcium uptake and was shown to modulate mitochondrial respiration and the immune/inflammation system. Studies show decreased VitD levels in obese individuals; however, the effect of maternal obesity on VitD metabolism and its association with placental function remains understudied. Methods Maternal and cord blood plasma and placental samples were collected upon C-section from normal-weight (NW, body mass index [BMI]<25) and obese (OB, BMI>30) women with uncomplicated pregnancies at term. We measured 25(OH)D3 (calcidiol) levels in maternal and cord blood plasma using ELISA. We assessed the expression of CYP27B1, an activator of calcidiol, and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in placentae from NW and OB, and women with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. In addition, we examined the effects of VitD supplementation on mitochondrial function and inflammation in trophoblasts from NW and OB, using the Seahorse Bioanalyzer and Western blot, respectively. Results Vitamin D levels in blood from OB but not NW women and in cord blood from babies born to NW and OB women showed a significant inverse correlation with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (r=-0.50, p<0.1 and r=-0.55, p=0.004 respectively). Cord plasma VitD levels showed a positive correlation with placental efficiency, i.e., the ratio between fetal and placental weight, as well as with maternal blood VitD levels (r=0.69 and 0.83 respectively, p<0.00). While we found no changes in CYP27B1 in OB vs. NW women, VDR expression were decreased by 50% (p<0.03) independent of fetal sex. No changes in VDR expression relative to BMI-matched controls were observed in the placentae of women with gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. Cytotrophoblasts isolated from placentae of OB women showed a dose-dependent increase in VDR expression after 24-hour treatment with calcitriol (10 nM and 100 nM), an active form of VitD. Trophoblasts isolated from OB women and treated with calcitriol improved mitochondrial respiration (p<0.05). We also found a two-fold increase in expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in trophoblasts isolated from placentae of OB women (p<0.05), with IL-18 expression being reversed by calcitriol treatment (100 nM). Conclusions We show that VitD deficiency is at least partially responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and increased inflammation in the placentae of obese women. Vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in improving placental dysfunction seen in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse A. Phillips
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora Hendricks
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Bucher
- Department of OB/GYN, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Jiang Z, Zhang L, Yao Z, Cao W, Ma S, Chen Y, Guang L, Zheng Z, Li C, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Machine learning-based phenotypic screening for postmitotic growth inducers uncover vitamin D3 metabolites as small molecule ribosome agonists. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13214. [PMID: 35411556 PMCID: PMC9136510 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To restore tissue growth without increasing the risk for cancer during aging, there is a need to identify small molecule drugs that can increase cell growth without increasing cell proliferation. While there have been numerous high‐throughput drug screens for cell proliferation, there have been few screens for post‐mitotic anabolic growth. Materials and Methods A machine learning (ML)‐based phenotypic screening strategy was used to discover metabolites that boost muscle growth. Western blot, qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate myotube hypertrophy/maturation or protein synthesis. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based thermal proteome profiling‐temperature range (TPP‐TR) technology was used to identify the protein targets that bind the metabolites. Ribo‐MEGA size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis was used to verify whether the ribosome proteins bound to calcitriol. Results We discovered both the inactive cholecalciferol and the bioactive calcitriol are amongst the top hits that boost post‐mitotic growth. A large number of ribosomal proteins' melting curves were affected by calcitriol treatment, suggesting that calcitriol binds to the ribosome complex directly. Purified ribosomes directly bound to pure calcitriol. Moreover, we found that calcitriol could increase myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein translation and overall nascent protein synthesis in a cycloheximide‐sensitive manner, indicating that calcitriol can directly bind and enhance ribosomal activity to boost muscle growth. Conclusion Through the combined strategy of ML‐based phenotypic screening and MS‐based omics, we have fortuitously discovered a new class of metabolite small molecules that can directly activate ribosomes to promote post‐mitotic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zipeng Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Single bout of exercise triggers the increase of vitamin D blood concentration in adolescent trained boys: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1825. [PMID: 35115578 PMCID: PMC8814171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is necessary for musculoskeletal health, however, the supplementation of vitamin D above the sufficiency level does not bring additional bone mass density (BMD), unlike physical exercise which enhances the bone formatting process. Regular physical activity has been shown to upregulate VDR expression in muscles and to increase circulating vitamin D. Here we investigate whether a single bout of exercise might change 25(OH)D3 blood concentration and how it affects metabolic response to exercise. Twenty-six boys, 13.8 years old (SD ± 0.7) soccer players, participated in the study. The participants performed one of two types of exercise: the first group performed the VO2max test until exhaustion, and the second performed three times the repeated 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Blood was collected before, 15 min and one hour after the exercise. The concentration of 25(OH)D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol were determined. 25(OH)D3 concentration significantly increased after the exercise in all boys. The most prominent changes in 25(OH)D3, observed after WAnT, were associated with the rise of PTH. The dimensions of response to the exercises observed through the changes in the concentration of 25(OH)D3, PTH, NEFA and glycerol were associated with the significant increases of IL-6 level. A single bout of exercise may increase the serum’s 25(OH)D3 concentration in young trained boys. The intensive interval exercise brings a more potent stimulus to vitamin D fluctuations in young organisms. Our results support the hypothesis that muscles may both store and release 25(OH)D3.
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De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Effect of Exercise Training on 1,25(OH) 2D Levels: The FIT-AGEING Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Health 2021; 14:518-526. [PMID: 34651517 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is currently endemic worldwide and is considered as an important factor in the development of several chronic conditions. Physical exercise has been postulated as an auspicious strategy to counteract age-related disorders preventing premature mortality. However, the effects of chronic exercise training on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is unclear. This 12-week randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on 1,25(OH)2D in healthy sedentary adults. HYPOTHESIS Exercise training will increase 1,25(OH)2D in the study cohort. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS A total of 89 healthy sedentary adults (53% women; 53.5 ± 4.9 years old) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. The participants were randomized to (1) a control group (no exercise), (2) physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization (PAR group), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (4) HIIT adding whole-body electromyostimulation training (HIIT + EMS). 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison immunochemiluminometric analyzer. RESULTS Compared with the control group, 1,25(OH)2D increased in PAR (Δ = 10.99 ± 3.44 pg/mL; P = 0.01), HIIT (Δ = 11.63 ± 3.51 pg/mL; P = 0.009), and HIIT + EMS groups (Δ = 14.01 ± 3.59 pg/mL; P = 0.001) without statistical differences between them (all Ps > 0.1). CONCLUSION In summary, the results show that a 12-week exercise intervention produced an increment of 1,25(OH)2D independently of age, sex, and exercise modality in healthy sedentary adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The implementation of physical exercise could be considered a strategy not only aiming to reverse the seasonal decrease of 1,25(OH)2D in winter explained by low sunlight exposure but also for obtaining subsequent increases of this hormone even in these a priori adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity (PROFITH) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity (PROFITH) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Vitamin D status and predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with heart failure living in a sunny region. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:349-357. [PMID: 33615819 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aims: hypovitaminosis D has frequently been identified in patients with heart failure (HF). However, few studies have been conducted in regions with high solar incidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with HF living in a sunny region (5 °- 6 °S). Methods: this cross-sectional study enrolled 70 patients with HF. Biodemographic, clinical, biochemical, dietary, and sun exposure data were collected, and 25(OH)D levels were measured. Results: the mean 25(OH)D level was 40.1 (12.4) ng/mL, and 24.3 % (95 % CI: 14.2-33.8) of patients with HF had hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL). Female patients (p = 0.001), those with ischemic etiology (p = 0.03) and those with high parathyroid hormone levels (> 67 pg/mL) (p = 0.034) were more likely to present hypovitaminosis D. Higher 25(OH)D levels were observed in men than in women (β = 7.78, p = 0.005) and in patients with HF in New York Heart Association (NHYA) functional class I when compared to those in class III/IV (β = 8.23, p = 0.032). Conclusions: the majority of patients with HF had sufficient 25(OH)D levels. Sex and functional classification were identified as independent predictors of 25(OH)D levels. These results highlight the need for increased monitoring of vitamin D status among female patients with heart failure and those with more severe symptoms.
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12
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Mason RS, Rybchyn MS, Brennan-Speranza TC, Fraser DR. Is it reasonable to ignore vitamin D status for musculoskeletal health? Fac Rev 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 33659951 PMCID: PMC7886074 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe vitamin D deficiency—25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below around 25–30 nmol/L—may lead to growth plate disorganization and mineralization abnormalities in children (rickets) and mineralization defects throughout the skeleton (osteomalacia) and proximal muscle weakness. Both problems are reversed with vitamin D treatment. Apart from this musculoskeletal dysfunction at very low vitamin D levels, there is apparent inconsistency in the available data about whether concentrations of 25OHD below around 50 nmol/L cause muscle function impairment and increase the risk of fracture. This narrative review provides evidence to support the contention that improving vitamin D status, up to around 50 nmol/L, plays a small causal role in optimizing bone and muscle function as well as reducing overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark S Rybchyn
- Physiology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Physiology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Rybchyn MS, Abboud M, Puglisi DA, Gordon-Thomson C, Brennan-Speranza TC, Mason RS, Fraser DR. Skeletal Muscle and the Maintenance of Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113270. [PMID: 33114526 PMCID: PMC7692087 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, unlike the micronutrients, vitamins A, E, and K, is largely obtained not from food, but by the action of solar ultraviolet (UV) light on its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, in skin. With the decline in UV light intensity in winter, most skin production of vitamin D occurs in summer. Since no defined storage organ or tissue has been found for vitamin D, it has been assumed that an adequate vitamin D status in winter can only be maintained by oral supplementation. Skeletal muscle cells have now been shown to incorporate the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) from blood into the cell cytoplasm where it binds to cytoplasmic actin. This intracellular DBP provides an array of specific binding sites for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which diffuses into the cell from the extracellular fluid. When intracellular DBP undergoes proteolytic breakdown, the bound 25(OH)D is then released and diffuses back into the blood. This uptake and release of 25(OH)D by muscle accounts for the very long half-life of this metabolite in the circulation. Since 25(OH)D concentration in the blood declines in winter, its cycling in and out of muscle cells appears to be upregulated. Parathyroid hormone is the most likely factor enhancing the repeated cycling of 25(OH)D between skeletal muscle and blood. This mechanism appears to have evolved to maintain an adequate vitamin D status in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, UAE
| | - David A. Puglisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - David R. Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-93512139
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14
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Regulation of vitamin D system in skeletal muscle and resident myogenic stem cell during development, maturation, and ageing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8239. [PMID: 32427932 PMCID: PMC7237670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle exhibits enormous plasticity throughout life, however, less is known regarding how the stages of growth regulate its local vitamin D system. Herein, we investigated serum 25(OH)D3 and Ca2+ levels along with the vitamin D system in skeletal muscle and resident myogenic stem cells of male C57BL/6 mice during development, maturation, and ageing. Compared with development, significant increases in vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein expression in mature and aged muscles were associated with increased serum 25(OH)D3 and centronucleated fibres, respectively. The substantial increase in VDR protein expression in aged muscle was also related to reduced downstream mTOR signalling protein expression which was more pronounced in fast-glycolytic compared to slow-oxidative muscles. Intriguingly, serum Ca2+ and vitamin D-metabolising enzyme (CYP27B1 and CYP24A1) levels in skeletal muscle were not different across age. In primary cell culture, nuclear VDR protein was expressed in undifferentiated skeletal muscle stem cells (SMSC) after 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Additionally, a diminished response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 was observed with age as there was a rapid commitment of SMSC towards differentiation under growth-stimulating conditions. Collectively, understanding the local vitamin D system in skeletal muscle could help develop effective interventions for vitamin D supplementation to improve skeletal muscle mass and function during ageing.
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15
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Żebrowska A, Sadowska-Krępa E, Stanula A, Waśkiewicz Z, Łakomy O, Bezuglov E, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH) levels and biochemical markers of skeletal muscles in runners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 32272973 PMCID: PMC7144051 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial adaptation of skeletal muscle function to strenuous exercise is partially attributable to the improvement of vitamin D status. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D levels and skeletal muscle biomarkers (i.e. troponin, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase) of endurance runners. Methods A double-blind placebo-controlled study design was used and vitamin D supplementation was compared to a non-treatment control group. Twenty-four runners, competitors of the ultra-marathons held during the National Running Championships, were randomly assigned into two groups supplemented with the dose of 2000 IU vitamin D or placebo for three weeks. All subjects participated in three exercise protocols: (a) incremental exercise test (to determine the maximum oxygen uptake and the intensity of eccentric exercise), (b) eccentric exercise before and (c) after two dietary protocols. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately after the exercise and after 1 h and 24 h of recovery in order to estimate serum 25(OH)D levels, skeletal muscle biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. A two-way ANOVA was used to test main effects and their interactions and Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the effects of inter-variable relationships. Results Significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in baseline 25(OH)D levels were observed (34.9 ± 4.7 versus 40.3 ± 4.9 ng/ml, p = 0.02) in supplemented group. A higher post intervention 25(OH)D level was observed after vitamin D diet compared to placebo (40.3 ± 4.9 versus 31.8 ± 4.2 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). The vitamin D supplementation decreased post-exercise (TN max) and 1 h post-exercise troponin (p = 0.004, p = 0.03, respectively), 1 h post-exercise myoglobin concentration (p = 0.01) and TNF-α levels(p < 0.03). 24 h post exercise creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in supplemented group compared to placebo (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between post exercise 25(OH)D levels and myoglobin levels (r = − 0.57; p = 0.05), and 25(OH)D levels and TNFα (r = − 0.58; p = 0.05) in vitamin D supplemented group. Conclusions Three weeks of vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels in endurance trained runners and it caused a marked decrease in post-exercise biomarkers levels. We concluded that vitamin D supplementation might play an important role in prevention of skeletal muscle injuries following exercise with eccentric muscle contraction in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Łakomy
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eduard Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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16
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Mason RS, Rybchyn MS, Abboud M, Brennan-Speranza TC, Fraser DR. The Role of Skeletal Muscle in Maintaining Vitamin D Status in Winter. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz087. [PMID: 31598576 PMCID: PMC6776467 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of vitamin D is determined mainly by its formation in skin by the photochemical action of solar UVB light (wavelength 290-320 nm) on the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol. Because of seasonal variation in intensity of solar UV light, vitamin D status falls in winter and rises in summer. It has been presumed that there is no functional store of vitamin D. Thus, to avoid deficiency, a nutritional supply would be required in winter. However, there is now evidence that the main circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, accumulates in skeletal muscle cells, which provide a functional store during the winter months. The mechanism is mediated by muscle cell uptake of circulating vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) through a megalin-cubilin membrane transport process. DBP then binds to cytoplasmic actin to provide an array of high-affinity binding sites for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. The repeated passage of 25(OH)D into and out of muscle cells would account for its long residence time in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
| | - Mark S Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
- Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - David R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Understanding of vitamin D physiology is important because about half of the population is being diagnosed with deficiency and treated with supplements. Clinical guidelines were developed based on observational studies showing an association between low serum levels and increased cardiovascular risk. However, new randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm any cardiovascular benefit from supplementation in the general population. A major concern is that excess vitamin D is known to cause calcific vasculopathy and valvulopathy in animal models. For decades, administration of vitamin D has been used in rodents as a reliable experimental model of vascular calcification. Technically, vitamin D is a misnomer. It is not a true vitamin because it can be synthesized endogenously through ultraviolet exposure of the skin. It is a steroid hormone that comes in 3 forms that are sequential metabolites produced by hydroxylases. As a fat-soluble hormone, the vitamin D-hormone metabolites must have special mechanisms for delivery in the aqueous bloodstream. Importantly, endogenously synthesized forms are carried by a binding protein, whereas dietary forms are carried within lipoprotein particles. This may result in distinct biodistributions for sunlight-derived versus supplement-derived vitamin D hormones. Because the cardiovascular effects of vitamin D hormones are not straightforward, both toxic and beneficial effects may result from current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Demer
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.D., J.J.H., Y.T.) .,Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.).,Bioengineering (L.L.D.)
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.D., J.J.H., Y.T.)
| | - Yin Tintut
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.D., J.J.H., Y.T.).,Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.).,Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
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18
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Pramono A, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity-related insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3146. [PMID: 30801902 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The obese insulin-resistant state is often associated with low circulating concentration of vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ]. Fat sequestration of vitamin D in the expanded obese adipose tissue mass has been pointed out as a plausible explanation for this circulating vitamin D deficiency. However, the putative mechanisms behind this hypovitaminosis D remain to be elucidated. The presence of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in insulin-sensitive organs suggests that vitamin D may be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and may be related to insulin sensitivity. Indeed, mainly in vitro studies support a role of vitamin D in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in several insulin-sensitive tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, as well as pancreatic insulin secretion. A potential role of vitamin D in gut barrier function and metabolism has also been suggested. This review summarizes recent knowledge on vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity-related insulin resistance and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, the role of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriyan Pramono
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ. Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:825-839. [PMID: 30830277 PMCID: PMC6422984 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This review provides a current perspective on the mechanism of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function with the emphasis on oxidative stress, muscle anabolic state and muscle energy metabolism. It focuses on several aspects related to cellular and molecular physiology such as VDR as the trigger point of vitamin D action, oxidative stress as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency. Method The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and mitochondrial function as well as skeletal muscle atrophy signalling pathways have been studied and clarified in the last years. To the best of our knowledge, we summarize key knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding the mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D in skeletal muscle. Result Vitamin D deficiency is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle that influences the mitochondrial function and affects the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. Namely, vitamin D deficiency decreases oxygen consumption rate and induces disruption of mitochondrial function. These deleterious consequences on muscle may be associated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) action. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. The possible signalling pathway triggering the expression of Atrogin-1 involves Src-ERK1/2-Akt- FOXO causing protein degradation. Conclusion Based on the current knowledge we propose that vitamin D deficiency results from the loss of VDR function and it could be partly responsible for the development of neurodegenerative diseases in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Patrycja Dzik
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
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20
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Gustafsson MK, Romundstad PR, Stafne SN, Helvik AS, Stunes AK, Mørkved S, Salvesen KÅ, Thorsby PM, Mosti MP, Syversen U. The effect of an exercise program in pregnancy on vitamin D status among healthy, pregnant Norwegian women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:76. [PMID: 30786861 PMCID: PMC6381613 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency is common in pregnant women worldwide. Regular prenatal exercise is considered beneficial for maternal and fetal health. There is a knowledge gap regarding the impact of prenatal exercise on maternal vitamin D levels. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a prenatal exercise program influenced serum levels of total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and related parameters. This is a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial with gestational diabetes as the primary outcome. METHODS Healthy, pregnant women from two Norwegian cities (Trondheim and Stavanger) were randomly assigned to a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise program (Borg perceived rating scale 13-14) or standard prenatal care. The intervention group (n = 429) underwent exercise at least three times weekly; one supervised group training and two home based sessions. The controls (n = 426) received standard prenatal care, and exercising was not denied. Training diaries and group training was used to promote compliance and evaluate adherence. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and vitamin D-binding protein were measured before (18-22 weeks' gestation) and after the intervention (32-36 weeks' gestation). Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations were calculated. Regression analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to assess the effect of the training regime on each substance with pre-intervention levels as covariates. In a second model, we also adjusted for study site and sampling month. Intention-to-treat principle was used. RESULTS A total of 724 women completed the study. No between-group difference in serum 25(OH)D and related parameters was identified by ANCOVA using baseline serum levels as covariates. The second model revealed a between-group difference in levels of 25(OH)D (1.9, 95% CI 0.0 to 3.8 nmol/L; p = 0.048), free 25(OH)D (0.55, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.99 pmol/L; p = 0.017) and bioavailable 25(OH)D (0.15 95% CI 0.01 to 0.29 nmol/L; p = 0.036). No serious adverse events related to regular exercise were seen. CONCLUSION This study, a post hoc analysis, indicates that exercise may affect vitamin D status positively, and emphasizes that women with uncomplicated pregnancies should be encouraged to perform regular exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00476567 , registered May 22, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam K Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Division of Mental Health Care, Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Pål R Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Clinical Services, Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Mørkved
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Åsmund Salvesen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstretics and Gynaecology, Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Aker sykehus, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Abstract
Vitamin D is increasingly recognised to play an important role in normal muscle function. Low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of falls and proximal weakness. Since vitamin D deficiency is very common, and the signs are non-specific, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion of vitamin D deficiency in patients with muscle pain and weakness, and it is simple to measure serum 25(OH) vitamin D. Therapy is cheap, safe and effective, but sometimes a larger dose may be needed, and, as shown in our case report, willingness of people to pay for an over the counter medication can be an issue. Following a striking case report that demonstrates muscle defects in severe vitamin D deficiency, we discuss clinical studies examining specific effects of vitamin D on physical performance, muscle strength and falls. Finally, we present an overview of molecular mechanisms that explain vitamin D's biological effects on muscle. Low vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of falls and proximal weakness. Therapy is cheap, safe and effective, but larger doses may be needed and willingness to pay for over the counter medications can be an issue. We present an overview of molecular mechanisms that explain vitamin D’s biological effects on muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research, The Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research, The Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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