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Jerebine A, Heering T, Barnett LM. Educator-Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Structured-Physical Activity in Early Childhood Centres: A Systematic Review. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:243-262. [PMID: 37327492 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2193243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Physical activity (PA) and motor competence development are vital for young children, yet many early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers struggle to successfully implement PA programs, particularly those organized and led by educators. This review aimed to synthesize qualitative literature to (1) identify educator-perceived barriers and facilitators to structured-PA in ECEC centers, and (2) map these to the COM-B model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of five databases was conducted in April 2021 and updated in August 2022. Records were screened in Covidence software using predefined eligibility criteria. Using the framework synthesis method, data extraction and synthesis were conducted in coding forms in Excel and NVivo. Results: Of 2382 records identified, 35 studies were included, representing 2,365 educators across 268 ECEC centers in 10 countries. Using the COM-B model and TDF, an evidence-informed framework was developed. Findings revealed the greatest barriers concerned educator "opportunity" (e.g. competing time and priorities, policy tensions, indoor/outdoor space constraints) and "capability" (e.g. lack of PA knowledge and practical, hands-on skills) to implement structured-PA. Although fewer studies reported factors that influenced educator "motivation", several themes intersected across the three COM-B components illustrating the complexity of behavioral determinants in this setting. Conclusions: Interventions grounded in theory that utilize a systems approach to target multiple levels of influence on educator behavior, and are flexible and adaptable locally, are recommended. Future work should seek to address societal barriers, structural challenges in the sector, and the PA educational needs of educators. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021247977.
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Barriers and Facilitators to Toddlers’ Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic, as Perceived by Teachers, Principals and Parents: A Challenge for the Early Childhood Educational Environments. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore the barriers and facilitators that teachers, principals, and parents face when adapting to COVID-19 pandemic scenario in terms of promoting toddlers’ physical activity (PA). Thirty-four (20 teachers and principals, and 14 parents) semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted from October 2020 to March 2021. The socioecological model has enabled the identification of barriers and facilitators, some of which are related to the pandemic and others which are not. The main results suggest that upon reopening the ECEC institutions, regarding environmental barriers, educators mentioned the impact on the use of space, and parents, the modification of daily activities generated by COVID-19. However, educators also considered that the presence of suitable spaces in the school for practicing PA was a facilitator. At the intra- and interpersonal level, facilitators of PA that were unrelated to the pandemic included, for parents, the predisposition of children to be physically active and their own function as role models, and for educators, the curricular practices themselves. At an environmental level, the risk of danger in the traditional classroom plus bad weather were considered barriers by educators, while parents mentioned difficulties accessing outdoor space and the poor suitability of indoor spaces. Our results suggest the simultaneous analysis of the perceptions of different actors in the educational environments offers a broad vision of the ecological alternatives for offering children opportunities for PA in these difficult times.
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Carson V, Zhang Z, Kuzik N, Adamo KB, Predy M, Crozier M, Hunter S, Ogden N, Goldfield GS, Okely AD. The impact of new government childcare accreditation standards on children's in-care physical activity and sedentary time. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:616. [PMID: 35351049 PMCID: PMC8966317 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new physical activity and sedentary behaviour accreditation standard criterion for childcare settings was introduced by the provincial government in Alberta, Canada. The primary objective of this study was to examine if changes for in-care physical activity and sedentary time (ST) differed between centres in and around Edmonton, Alberta after implementing the new accreditation standards and non-accredited control centres in and around Ottawa, Ontario. Secondary objectives were to examine whether baseline age group (toddler, preschooler) or the childcare environment moderated any group differences in change of the primary outcomes. Furthermore, accreditation and control group differences in change of children's body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or cognitive development as well as educators' perceptions of the primary outcomes were explored. METHODS Participants were 252 toddlers (19-35 months) and preschoolers (36-60 months) in childcare centres from Alberta (n = 11) and Ontario (n = 8) in the supporting Healthy physical AcTive CHildcare setting (HATCH) study. In-care ST, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer-derived before and 6 months after the implementation of the new standards. At both time points, cognitive development (working memory, expressive vocabulary), heights, and weights were measured, and BMI Z-scores were calculated. Additionally, the childcare environment was observed using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) and Movement Environment Rating Scale (MOVERS) tools. Demographic characteristics were parent-reported and weather variables were derived from Environment Canada data. Mixed models were conducted. RESULTS In adjusted models (n = 241), change in children's in-care ST (B = -0.07, 95%CI: - 1.43,1.29), LPA (B = 0.08, 95%CI: - 0.89,1.05), and log-transformed MVPA (B = 0.01, 95%CI: - 0.09,0.11) were not significantly different between accreditation and control groups. Age group and the childcare environment were not moderators. Significant increases in BMI Z-score (B = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.03,0.35) and high working memory (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 1.32,7.97) were observed in the accreditation group and significant increases in expressive vocabulary (B = 3.18, 95%CI: 0.05,6.30) were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The new accreditation criterion may not significantly change physical activity or ST in childcare settings and therefore may not explain findings for BMI Z-scores and cognitive development. Additional training and resources may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mitchell Crozier
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ogden
- Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Vega-Perona H, Estevan I, García-Ochoa YC, Martínez-Bello DA, Bernabé-Villodre MDM, Martínez-Bello VE. Role of Spanish Toddlers' Education and Care Institutions in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 35053676 PMCID: PMC8774401 DOI: 10.3390/children9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, there are no published studies that describe the physical activity (PA) levels and objectively measure them through accelerometry in toddlers (2-3 years old) attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) to analyse toddlers' PA levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) during school hours in ECEC institutions, as well as the rate of adherence to specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA); and (b) to evaluate the characteristics correlates (age, gender, and body mass index -BMI) of young children and the school environment on toddlers' TPA, light PA (LPA), MVPA, and SB during school hours in ECEC institutions. PA was evaluated with ActiGraph accelerometers. The main findings were that: (a) toddlers engaged in very high amounts of TPA and MVPA during ECEC hours; (b) girls and boys displayed similar levels of LPA, TPA, and SB, while girls had lower levels of MVPA, compared to boys, and younger toddlers were less active than older ones; (c) BMI was not associated with PA of any intensity or SB; (d) playground and classroom density were not associated with higher levels of PA of any intensity, though classroom density was associated with SB. These ECEC institutions provide and challenge the new COVID-19 scenario, as well as supportive environments for toddlers' PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herminia Vega-Perona
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cabrera García-Ochoa
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Language Theory and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Philology, Translation and Communication, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel A. Martínez-Bello
- Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga Cl. 45 11-52, Colombia;
| | - María del Mar Bernabé-Villodre
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Vladimir E. Martínez-Bello
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Ylvisåker E, Nilsen AKO, Johannessen K, Aadland E. The role of weather conditions on time spent outdoors and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Norwegian preschoolers. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:73-80. [PMID: 34538211 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1976490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine associations between weather and playground surface conditions and time spent outdoors and in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in preschool children aged 3-6 years. We included 1201 children (mean age 4.8 years, 51% boys) from 68 preschools in Norway who provided 12,030 days of observation during 2015-2016. Preschool MVPA was measured by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) for 10 consecutive weekdays. During this period, outdoor time and playground surface conditions were logged by staff and weather conditions were obtained from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Associations were determined using linear mixed models. Associations for MVPA depended on whether the analyses were adjusted for outdoor time or not. In unadjusted analyses, rainfall, wind, and wet, icy, and mixed playground conditions were negatively associated with MVPA, while temperature, snowfall, and dry playground conditions were positively associated with MVPA. In adjusted analyses, temperature and wet and mixed playground conditions were negatively associated with MVPA, while snowfall and dry and snowy playground conditions were positively associated with MVPA. Outdoor time and MVPA should be addressed simultaneously to inform interpretation of associations with weather characteristics and intervention development in early childhood education settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ylvisåker
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway
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Exploring Preschoolers' Physical Activity and Sedentary Time During Outdoor Play at Childcare: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:949-956. [PMID: 34098527 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) offers many health benefits for preschoolers (2.5-5 y). In childcare, MVPA is predominantly accumulated outdoors, with higher rates purported among children within the first few minutes outside. The Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment intervention included shorter, more frequent outdoor play sessions; this study sought to explore children's activity levels during various outdoor play schedules. METHODS During the final week of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment intervention, preschoolers wore an Actical™ accelerometer for 5 days during childcare and staff logged outdoor times. Separate linear mixed effects models were run to explore the effect of the intervention on preschoolers' physical activity (total and MVPA) and sedentary time during outdoor play. Sex was entered as an interaction effect. RESULTS Preschoolers (n = 292) were significantly more active in the first 10 minutes outdoors compared with remaining time (P < .0083). For total outdoor time, children in the experimental group engaged in significantly less sedentary time than those in the control group (P < .017), and experimental group boys and girls engaged in higher MVPA than boys and girls in the control group (P < .017). CONCLUSIONS Findings support scheduling more frequent outdoor play sessions in childcare to increase physical activity participation among young children.
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Aadland E, Tjomsland HE, Johannessen K, Nilsen AKO, Resaland GK, Glosvik Ø, Lykkebø O, Stokke R, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Pfeiffer KA, Tomporowski PD, Størksen I, Bartholomew JB, Ommundsen Y, Howard SJ, Okely AD, Aadland KN. Active Learning Norwegian Preschool(er)s (ACTNOW) - Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Staff Professional Development to Promote Physical Activity, Motor Skills, and Cognition in Preschoolers. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1382. [PMID: 32719636 PMCID: PMC7350704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a dearth of high-quality evidence on effective, sustainable, and scalable interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and concomitant outcomes in preschoolers. Specifically, there is a need to better understand how the preschool context can be used to increase various types of physically active play to promote holistic child development. The implementation of such interventions requires highly competent preschool staffs, however, the competence in promoting PA is often low. The main aim of the ACTNOW study is therefore to investigate the effects of professional development for preschool staffs on child PA and developmental outcomes. METHODS The study will be conducted in Norway 2019-2022 and is designed as a two-arm (intervention, control) cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 7- and 18-months follow-ups. We aim to recruit 60 preschools and 1,200 3- to 5-years-old children to provide sufficient power to detect effect sizes (ESs) between 0.20 and 0.30. The intervention is nested within two levels: the preschool and the child. Central to the ACTNOW intervention are opportunities for children to engage in a variety of "enriched," meaningful, and enjoyable physically active play that supports the development of the whole child. To this end, the main intervention is a 7-month professional development/education module for preschool staff, aimed to provide them with the necessary capacity to deliver four core PA components to the children (moderate-to-vigorous PA, motor-challenging PA, cognitively engaging play, and physically active learning). We will include a range of child-level outcomes, including PA, physical fitness, adiposity, motor skills, socioemotional health, self-regulation, executive function, and learning. At the preschool level, we will describe implementation and adaptation processes using quantitative and qualitative data. DISCUSSION Professional development of staff and a whole-child approach that integrates PA with cognitively engaging play and learning activities in the preschool setting may provide a feasible vehicle to enhance both physical and cognitive development in young children. ACTNOW is designed to test this hypothesis to provide a sustainable way to build human capital and provide an early solution to lifelong public health and developmental challenges. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04048967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Hege Eikeland Tjomsland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Øyvind Glosvik
- Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Osvald Lykkebø
- Department of Strategic Initiatives, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Rasmus Stokke
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Allor Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Ingunn Størksen
- Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioural Research in Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - John B. Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven James Howard
- Early Start and School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start and School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrine Nyvoll Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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Carson V, Adamo KB, Ogden N, Goldfield GS, Okely AD, Kuzik N, Crozier M, Hunter S, Predy M. Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Associations Between Child Care Educators and Children. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:e105-e111. [PMID: 32005591 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity among child care educators and children in their direct care and aims to determine if the associations differed between toddlers (aged 19-35 months) and preschoolers (aged 36-60 months). METHODS The participants were educators and children from 19 child care centers in Edmonton and Ottawa, Canada, as part of the Supporting Healthy Active Child Care Settings study. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity during child care were measured with accelerometers in 2017-2018. Nap time data were removed for children and educators based on room schedules. Children were matched with the main educator in their room that had the highest total physical activity, resulting in 187 children and 38 educators. Multilevel linear regression models with interaction terms were conducted in 2019. RESULTS Children engaged in 30.0, 23.1, and 6.9 minutes per hour of sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity, respectively. Educators engaged in 33.5, 23.6, and 2.9 minutes per hour of sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity, respectively. No significant interactions were observed, so age-stratified analyses were not conducted. Each additional 5 minutes per hour of educator sedentary time was significantly associated with 0.5 minutes per hour lower child moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Each additional 5 minutes per hour of educator moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity was significantly associated with 1.3 minutes per hour higher child moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity. No other significant observations were observed. CONCLUSIONS The educators' sedentary time and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity may have a small but potentially meaningful influence on children's moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity because educators directly care for multiple children. Targeting these educator behaviors may be one strategy to increase children's moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity during child care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Ogden
- Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mitchell Crozier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Guo S, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Huang H, Hong S, Liu T. Impacts of exercise interventions on different diseases and organ functions in mice. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:53-73. [PMID: 31921481 PMCID: PMC6943779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This review summarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To further understand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventions that can be used in future exercise-related studies. Methods PubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treating various diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity [Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters: one that limited publication dates to "in 10 years" and one that sorted the results as "best match". Then we grouped the commonly used exercise methods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseases and organ functions in 8 different systems. Results A total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exercise interventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascular system (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and the system related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntary wheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, most of them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless of the exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used. Conclusion Our review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exercise interventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention compliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exercise interventions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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GUAN J, WANG G, GENG C. The Impact of Different Levels of Physical Activity on Health among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1971-1978. [PMID: 31970095 PMCID: PMC6961174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of specific study of the impact of physical activities on middle-aged and elderly adults in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the causal impact of different levels of physical activity on self-rated health status for Chinese adults with an average age of 61 yr from years 2011 to 2015. METHODS China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted by the Peking University of China was utilized which was a longitudinal database and thus allowed to control for the effect of unobserved individual heterogeneities. In this study, this control was carried out using fixed effect and propensity score matching methods. In addition, this study further took into consideration of the discrete feature of our response variable, self-rated health status, by applying an ordered logit model. RESULTS Participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly increased individuals' self-rated health status (P<.05) whereas lower intensity physical activity did not increase individuals' self-rated health status. CONCLUSION Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is an important instrument to improve the health status of middle-aged and elderly population in China. Government should encourage people to involve in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as it is an efficient way to improve individuals' health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing GUAN
- School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Corresponding Author:
| | - Guojun WANG
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli GENG
- Sales Management Department, PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited, Beijing, China
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