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Manser P, Herold F, de Bruin ED. Components of effective exergame-based training to improve cognitive functioning in middle-aged to older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102385. [PMID: 38914262 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exergame-based training is currently considered a more promising training approach than conventional physical and/or cognitive training. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to provide quantitative evidence on dose-response relationships of specific exercise and training variables (training components) of exergame-based training on cognitive functioning in middle-aged to older adults (MOA). METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of exergame-based training to inactive control interventions on cognitive performance in MOA. RESULTS The systematic literature search identified 22,928 records of which 31 studies were included. The effectiveness of exergame-based training was significantly moderated by the following training components: body position for global cognitive functioning, the type of motor-cognitive training, training location, and training administration for complex attention, and exercise intensity for executive functions. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of exergame-based training was moderated by several training components that have in common that they enhance the ecological validity of the training (e.g., stepping movements in a standing position). Therefore, it seems paramount that future research focuses on developing innovative novel exergame-based training concepts that incorporate these (and other) training components to enhance their ecological validity and transferability to clinical practice. We provide specific evidence-based recommendations for the application of our research findings in research and practical settings and identified and discussed several areas of interest for future research. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023418593; prospectively registered, date of registration: 1 May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Manser
- Motor Control and Learning Group - Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Group - Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Ye L, Yuan J, Zhu S, Ji S, Dai J. Swimming exercise reverses transcriptomic changes in aging mouse lens. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:67. [PMID: 38439070 PMCID: PMC10913554 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of physical activity for the overall well-being of elderly individuals are well-established, the precise mechanisms through which exercise improves pathological changes in the aging lens have yet to be fully understood. METHODS 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice comprised young sedentary (YS) group, while aging mice (18-month-old) were divided into aging sedentary (AS) group and aging exercising (AE) group. Mice in AE groups underwent sequential stages of swimming exercise. H&E staining was employed to observe alterations in lens morphology. RNA-seq analysis was utilized to examine transcriptomic changes. Furthermore, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were employed for validation of the results. RESULTS AE group showed alleviation of histopathological aging changes in AS group. By GSEA analysis of the transcriptomic changes, swimming exercise significantly downregulated approximately half of the pathways that underwent alterations upon aging, where notable improvements were 'calcium signaling pathway', 'neuroactive ligand receptor interaction' and 'cell adhesion molecules'. Furthermore, we revealed a total of 92 differentially expressed genes between the YS and AS groups, of which 10 genes were observed to be mitigated by swimming exercise. The result of qPCR was in consistent with the transcriptome data. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis on Ciart, which was of particular interest due to its dual association as a common aging gene and its significant responsiveness to exercise. The Protein-protein Interaction network of Ciart showed the involvement of the regulation of Rorb and Sptbn5 during the process. CONCLUSION The known benefits of exercise could extend to the aging lens and support further investigation into the specific roles of Ciart-related pathways in aging lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunmei Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang QX, Zhang LJ, Zhao N, Chang SH, Yang L. FNDC5/Irisin protects neurons through Caspase3 and Bax pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3912. [PMID: 38269519 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a glycosylated protein formed from the hydrolysis of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Recent studies have demonstrated that FNDC5/Irisin is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, it can inhibit inflammation and have neuroprotective effects. However, the effect and mechanism of FNDC5/Irisin on motor neuron-like cell lines (NSC-34) have not been reported. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide to construct cellular oxidative stress injury models and investigated the potential roles of FNDC5/Irisin on neurons by different cellular and molecular pathways. Taken together, our findings showed that FNDC5/Irisin can protect neurons, and this effect might be associated with Caspase3 and Bax pathways. These results laid the foundation for neuronal protection and clinical translation of FNDC5/Irisin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Neurobiological Mechanisms and Assessing Effects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2285. [PMID: 38137886 PMCID: PMC10744739 DOI: 10.3390/life13122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of age-related dementia, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. The underlying causes include the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain, abnormal phosphorylation, and aggregation of tau protein within nerve cells, as well as neuronal damage and death. Currently, there is no cure for AD with drug therapy. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise have been widely used to treat AD, but the specific molecular and biological mechanisms are not well understood. In this narrative review, we integrate the biology of AD and summarize the knowledge of the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in AD progression. We discuss various exercise interventions used in AD and show that exercise directly or indirectly affects the brain by regulating crosstalk mechanisms between peripheral organs and the brain, including "bone-brain crosstalk", "muscle-brain crosstalk", and "gut-brain crosstalk". We also summarize the potential role of artificial intelligence and neuroimaging technologies in exercise interventions for AD. We emphasize that moderate-intensity, regular, long-term exercise may improve the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various molecular and biological pathways, with multimodal exercise providing greater benefits. Through in-depth exploration of the molecular and biological mechanisms and effects of exercise interventions in improving AD progression, this review aims to contribute to the existing knowledge base and provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Child, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
- Institute of Sport and Health, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haili Xiao
- Institute of Sport and Health, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
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Cai CY, Liang HY, Zhou T, Yang C, Yin JJ, Yao MH, Gu QX, Liu D, Ni HY. High-intensity interval training ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive behaviors via HDAC2-BDNF signaling in the ventral hippocampus. Brain Res 2023; 1816:148480. [PMID: 37429454 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating psychiatric disease, and current therapies could not well meet the demand for MDD treatment. Exercise benefits mental illness, and notably, exercise has been recommended as an alternative option for MDD treatment in some countries. However, the paradigm and intensity of exercise for MDD treatment has yet to be determined. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent and time-efficient type of exercise training and has gained popularity in recent years. In this study, we exposed the mice to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and found HIIT exerted substantial antidepressant effect. Moreover, HIIT further enhanced the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine, a classic antidepressant in the clinic, confirming the antidepressant role of HIIT. HIIT significantly reversed the CUMS-induced upregulations in HDAC2 mRNA and protein level in the ventral hippocampus. We also found HIIT rescued the CUMS-induced downregulation in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and HDAC2 overexpression counteracted the HIIT-induced increase in BDNF level. More importantly, both virus-mediated HDAC2 overexpression and microinfusion of TrkB-Fc, a BDNF scavenger, in the ventral hippocampus abolished the antidepressant effect of HIIT. Together, our results strongly demonstrate that HIIT attenuates depressive behaviors, probably via HDAC2-BDNF signaling pathway and reveal that HIIT may serve as an alternative option for MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Cai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jia-Jie Yin
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng-Han Yao
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Gu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Hugues N, Pin-Barre C, Brioche T, Pellegrino C, Berton E, Rivera C, Laurin J. High-intensity training with short and long intervals regulate cortical neurotrophic factors, apoptosis markers and chloride homeostasis in rats with stroke. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114190. [PMID: 37055005 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The optimal endurance exercise parameters remain to be defined to potentiate long-term functional recovery after stroke. We aim to assess the effects of individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with either long or short intervals on neurotrophic factors and their receptors, apoptosis markers and the two-main cation-chloride cotransporters in the ipsi- and contralesional cerebral cortices in rats with cerebral ischemia. Endurance performance and sensorimotor functions were also assessed METHODS: : Rats with a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) performed work-matched HIIT4 (intervals: 4min) or HIIT1 (intervals: 1min) on treadmill for 2 weeks. Incremental exercises and sensorimotor tests were performed at day 1 (D1), D8, and D15 after tMCAO. Molecular analyses were achieved in both the paretic and non-paretic triceps brachii muscles and the ipsi- and contralesional cortices at D17 RESULTS: : Gains in endurance performance are in a time-dependent manner from the first week of training. This enhancement is supported by the upregulation of metabolic markers in both triceps brachii muscles. Both regimens alter the expression of neurotrophic markers and chloride homeostasis in a specific manner in the ipsi- and contralesional cortices. HIIT acts on apoptosis markers by promoting anti-apoptotic proteins in the ipsilesional cortex CONCLUSION: : HIIT regimens seem to be of clinical relevance in the critical period of stroke rehabilitation by strongly improving aerobic performance. Also, the observed cortical changes suggest an influence of HIIT on neuroplasticity in both ipsi- and contralesional hemispheres. Such neurotrophic markers might be considered as biomarkers of functional recovery in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, DMEM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Berton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jérôme Laurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France.
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7
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Lee J, Ryu H. Usability of a new digital walking program for older adults: a pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37003966 PMCID: PMC10066025 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking has been emphasized as an important solution for preventing isolation among older adults, especially given the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and various methods are being proposed to promote walking in this population. In this study, a walking exercise program for the elderly was developed using various latest technologies, and the effectiveness and influencing factors of the program were evaluated. METHOD The walking program for older adults was designed using mHealth devices, social media application, and gamified elements to prevent isolation. Twelve participants were recruited via an online community of retired individuals. This one-year study involved a one-group repeated measures experimental design; an online questionnaire was conducted four times along with a focus group interview. RESULT The results showed that the e-health literacy of the 12 participants increased, while Wearable Device App Literacy/Usability, digital health self-efficacy, and walking program evaluation showed a decline. In the focus group interview, participants expressed their appreciation for this program, ways to overcome its limitations, and expectations for the next program. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the positive effect of the online walking program for retired older adults, indicating that an online-offline convergence program suitable for the "COVID-19 era" will be necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisan Lee
- Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhu Y, He S, Herold F, Sun F, Li C, Tao S, Gao TY. Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012836. [PMID: 36267588 PMCID: PMC9576950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is essential for most behaviors of daily living and is a critical component in assessing the quality of life. Mounting prospective evidence supports the use of isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) as a small muscle mass practice to promote health-related outcomes in clinical and healthy populations. The aim of the present review was to systematically investigate whether IHE is effective in improving the cognitive function of adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies were identified by searching five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science). Eight out of 767 studies met the inclusion criteria, including three types of studies: 1) acute effect for IHE with various intensity protocols (n = 4); 2) acute effect for IHE with one set exhaustion protocol (n = 2); and 3) chronic effect of IHE on cognitive function (n = 2). To assess the methodological quality of studies, the PEDro scale was used (mean score = 6.75). The evidence on whether IHE exerts acute positive effects on cognitive performance is currently rather inconclusive. However, a trend was discernible that implementing IHE can generate a beneficial chronic effect on cognitive function, although the results should be interpreted with caution. The clinical relevance of IHE as a time-efficient type of physical exercise to improve cognitive function warrants further investigation. Methodology and safety considerations were discussed.Systematic Review Registration: (https://osf.io/gbzp9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Zhu,
| | - Shan He
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Tao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Jungreitmayr S, Kranzinger C, Venek V, Ring-Dimitriou S. Effects of an App-Based Physical Exercise Program on Selected Parameters of Physical Fitness of Females in Retirement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:821773. [PMID: 35317213 PMCID: PMC8934397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technologies enable new options in the delivery of physical exercise programs. Specially designed app-based programs can be used to help older people in particular to integrate physical exercise into their daily lives. This study examines the influence of an app-based physical exercise program on selected parameters of physical fitness, such as muscular strength, balance, and flexibility. The women (n = 110) were on average 65.3 (± 1.5) years old and, compared to age-specific norm values, healthy. The 14-week intervention consisted of an app-based, unsupervised physical exercise program, in which the exercise frequency and duration of sessions were self-selected. The physical exercise program consisted of simple, functional exercises such as arm circles, squats, lateral raises. The participants were provided with an elastic resistance band and an exercise ball allowing them to increase exercise intensity if needed. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). 71% of the IG used the physical exercise program at least 1.2 times per week, whereas 25% of the IG showed usage rates above four times per week. Significant effects were found in the domains of muscular strength and flexibility. While IG could maintain their performance in isometric muscular strength tests and increased their flexibility, CG faced a decrease in those parameters. Thus, this app-based physical exercise program had positively influenced muscular strength and flexibility in women over 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Jungreitmayr
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sonja Jungreitmayr,
| | | | - Verena Venek
- Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Ring-Dimitriou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Hugues N, Pin-Barre C, Pellegrino C, Rivera C, Berton E, Laurin J. Time-Dependent Cortical Plasticity during Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3829-3847. [PMID: 35029628 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal pattern of cortical plasticity induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is required to clarify their relative benefits to prevent neurological disorders. The purpose of this study is to define the time-dependent effects of work-matched HIIT and MICT on cortical plasticity, endurance, and sensorimotor performances over an 8-week training period in healthy rats. Adult healthy rats performed incremental exercise tests and sensorimotor tests before and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of training. In parallel, cortical markers related to neurotrophic, angiogenic, and metabolic activities were assessed. Results indicate that HIIT induced an early and superior endurance improvement compared to MICT. We found significant enhancement of speed associated with lactate threshold (SLT) and maximal speed (Smax) in HIIT animals. MICT promoted an early increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and angiogenic/metabolic markers but showed less influence at 8 weeks. HIIT upregulated the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as well as neurotrophic, metabolic/angiogenic markers at 2 and 8 weeks and downregulated the neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 that regulates GABAA-mediated transmission. HIIT and MICT are effective in a time-dependent manner suggesting a complementary effect that might be useful in physical exercise guidelines for maintaining brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Berton
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Laurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France
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12
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Bronikowska M, Krzysztoszek J, Łopatka M, Ludwiczak M, Pluta B. Comparison of Physical Activity Levels in Youths before and during a Pandemic Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105139. [PMID: 34066200 PMCID: PMC8151114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare physical activity (PA) levels before and during a pandemic lockdown among adolescent Polish youths in relation to meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and identify potential environmental factors that may affect these levels. An online survey tool that included validated measures of adolescents’ MVPA and socio-environmental, potential confounders was administered to youths (e.g., lack of classmates, motivation, possibility of choosing any physical exercise time, possibility of choosing your own exercises, home environment). The analytic sample comprised 127 adolescents aged 15.4 ± 0.5 years on average (52% girls and 48% boys). The results highlight that among adolescents who did not meet the WHO MVPA recommendations before the lockdown, 13.4% had an increased frequency of PA (from 2.9 to 5.4 day/week) (p = 0.01) during the lockdown. In the group who did meet these recommendations before the lockdown, 50% significantly decreased their level of MVPA below the WHO’s recommendations (p = 0.01). Self-rated health for PA showed a significantly strong correlation with MVPA in the group of students who met the WHO recommendations before the pandemic (r = 0.76; p < 0.05) but failed to maintain that recommendation during the COVID-19 restriction. The results suggest a negative impact of the pandemic on PA undertaken by youths. Based on these results we see the need for increased action by both Physical Education (PE) teachers and parents to motivate and support youngsters in taking up systematic PA consciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bronikowska
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jana Krzysztoszek
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.K.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Marlena Łopatka
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.K.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Mateusz Ludwiczak
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
| | - Beata Pluta
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
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14
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Hugues N, Pellegrino C, Rivera C, Berton E, Pin-Barre C, Laurin J. Is High-Intensity Interval Training Suitable to Promote Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Functions after Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3003. [PMID: 33809413 PMCID: PMC7998434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke-induced cognitive impairments affect the long-term quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is now considered a promising strategy to enhance cognitive functions. This review is designed to examine the role of HIIT in promoting neuroplasticity processes and/or cognitive functions after stroke. The various methodological limitations related to the clinical relevance of studies on the exercise recommendations in individuals with stroke are first discussed. Then, the relevance of HIIT in improving neurotrophic factors expression, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity is debated in both stroke and healthy individuals (humans and rodents). Moreover, HIIT may have a preventive role on stroke severity, as found in rodents. The potential role of HIIT in stroke rehabilitation is reinforced by findings showing its powerful neurogenic effect that might potentiate cognitive benefits induced by cognitive tasks. In addition, the clinical role of neuroplasticity observed in each hemisphere needs to be clarified by coupling more frequently to cellular/molecular measurements and behavioral testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Christophe Pellegrino
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Rivera
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Eric Berton
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Caroline Pin-Barre
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Jérôme Laurin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
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15
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Yu Q, Herold F, Becker B, Klugah-Brown B, Zhang Y, Perrey S, Veronese N, Müller NG, Kramer AF, Zou L. Cognitive benefits of exercise interventions: an fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:601-619. [PMID: 33675397 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing number of functional MRI studies reporting exercise-induced changes during cognitive processing, a systematic determination of the underlying neurobiological pathways is currently lacking. To this end, our neuroimaging meta-analysis included 20 studies and investigated the influence of physical exercise on cognition-related functional brain activation. The overall meta-analysis encompassing all experiments revealed physical exercise-induced changes in the left parietal lobe during cognitive processing. Subgroup analysis further revealed that in the younger-age group (< 35 years old) physical exercise induced more widespread changes in the right hemisphere, whereas in the older-age group (≥ 35 years old) exercise-induced changes were restricted to the left parietal lobe. Subgroup analysis for intervention duration showed that shorter exercise interventions induced changes in regions connected with frontoparietal and default mode networks, whereas regions exhibiting effects of longer interventions connected with frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks. Our findings suggest that physical exercise interventions lead to changes in functional activation patterns primarily located in precuneus and associated with frontoparietal, dorsal attention and default mode networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Stephane Perrey
- , EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS 3 (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) Serenissima, Dolo-Mirano District, Venice, Italy
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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16
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Li F, Geng X, Lee H, Wills M, Ding Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise Postconditioning After Stroke via SIRT1-Mediated Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:598230. [PMID: 33664650 PMCID: PMC7920953 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.598230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well-known that pre-stroke exercise conditioning reduces the incidence of stroke and the development of comorbidities, it is unclear whether post-stroke exercise conditioning is also neuroprotective. The present study investigated whether exercise postconditioning (PostE) induced neuroprotection and elucidated the involvement of SIRT1 regulation on the ROS/ER stress pathway. Adult rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by either: (1) resting; (2) mild exercise postconditioning (MPostE); or (3) intense exercise postconditioning (IPostE). PostE was initiated 24 h after reperfusion and performed on a treadmill. At 1 and 3 days thereafter, we determined infarct volumes, neurological defects, brain edema, apoptotic cell death through measuring pro- (BAX and Caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins, and ER stress through the measurement of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase-12, and SIRT1. Proteins were measured by Western blot. ROS production was detected by flow cytometry.Compared to resting rats, both MPostE and IPostE significantly decreased brain infarct volumes and edema, neurological deficits, ROS production, and apoptotic cell death. MPostE further increased Bcl-2 expression and Bcl-2/BAX ratio as well as BAX and Caspase-3 expressions and ROS production (*p < 0.05). Both PostE groups saw decreases in ER stress proteins, while MPostE demonstrated a further reduction in GRP78 (***p < 0.001) and Caspase-12 (*p < 0.05) expressions at 1 day and IRE1α (**p < 0.01) and CHOP (*p < 0.05) expressions at 3 days. Additionally, both PostE groups saw significant increases in SIRT1 expression.In this study, both mild and intense PostE levels induced neuroprotection after stroke through SIRT1 and ROS/ER stress pathway. Additionally, the results may provide a base for our future study regarding the regulation of SIRT1 on the ROS/ER stress pathway in the biochemical processes underlying post-stroke neuroprotection. The results suggest that mild exercise postconditioning might play a similar neuroprotective role as intensive exercise and could be an effective exercise strategy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Melissa Wills
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Research and Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
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17
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Constans A, Pin-Barre C, Molinari F, Temprado JJ, Brioche T, Pellegrino C, Laurin J. High-intensity interval training is superior to moderate intensity training on aerobic capacity in rats: Impact on hippocampal plasticity markers. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112977. [PMID: 33141075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of endurance regimens could be improved by defining their respective effectiveness on aerobic fitness and brain health that remains controversial. We aimed at comparing work-matched high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic performance and muscular plasticity markers in healthy rats. Cognitive functions and brain plasticity markers were also investigated following the 8-week training. Rats performed the incremental exercise test and behavioural tests before and after training at day 1 (D1), D15, D29 and D57. Key cerebral markers were assessed by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to provide information on brain function related to angiogenesis, aerobic metabolism and neurotrophin activity at D59. Muscular protein levels involved in angiogenesis and aerobic metabolism were measured in both triceps brachii and soleus muscles. HIIT induced superior improvement of aerobic fitness compared to MICT, as indicated by enhancement of speed associated with lactate threshold (SLT) and maximal speed (Smax). In the triceps brachii muscle, markers of angiogenesis and aerobic activity were upregulated as well as myokines involved in neuroplasticity. Moreover, levels of key brain plasticity markers increased in the hippocampus after 8 weeks of HIIT, without improving cognitive functions. These findings might contribute to define physical exercise guidelines for maintaining brain health by highlighting the promising role of HIIT when using SLT for distinguishing low running speed from high running speed. Further studies are required to confirm these brain effects by exploring synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis mechanisms when exercise intensity is standardized and individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Constans
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, 163, Avenue de Luminy - CP910, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Caroline Pin-Barre
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, 163, Avenue de Luminy - CP910, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Florence Molinari
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, UMR 1249, 163, Avenue de Luminy - BP13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, 163, Avenue de Luminy - CP910, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, DMEM, UMR 866, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bât 22, 34060 MONTPELLIER Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Pellegrino
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, UMR 1249, 163, Avenue de Luminy - BP13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jérôme Laurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, UMR 1249, 163, Avenue de Luminy - BP13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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18
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Gronwald T, Törpel A, Herold F, Budde H. Perspective of Dose and Response for Individualized Physical Exercise and Training Prescription. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5030048. [PMID: 33467264 PMCID: PMC7739365 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical interventions are used to increase physical (sports) performance and considered as effective low-cost strategies in the fields of healthcare, disease or injury prevention, and medical treatment. In general, a considerable amount of evidence buttress the application of physical interventions in various fields as it has been demonstrated to contribute to the maintenance and recovery of physical performance, cognitive function, and overall state of health. To implement physical interventions effectively, it is essential to provide an appropriate exercise and training prescription. Exercise and training prescription are key for "dose" specification and for the individualization (personalizing) of physical exercise and training, precisely adjusted and controlled like medication. Since the physiological response to physical interventions is demonstrably individual and dependent on many influencing factors, individualization is an emerging approach aiming to maximize the efficiency of an intervention by accounting for the interindividual heterogeneity. The present brief viewpoint article aims to distinguish and to redefine between the terms dose and response in order to improve the understanding of practitioners, the methodology of study protocols, and to relate future findings to the actual biological (interindividual) variability of acute and chronic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gronwald
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Törpel
- German Swimming Federation, Korbacher Straße 93, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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19
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Gronwald T, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Imperatori C, Solano AF, Latini A, Budde H. Physical Exercise Potentials Against Viral Diseases Like COVID-19 in the Elderly. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:379. [PMID: 32714938 PMCID: PMC7351507 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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A Discussion on Different Approaches for Prescribing Physical Interventions - Four Roads Lead to Rome, but Which One Should We Choose? J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030055. [PMID: 32605044 PMCID: PMC7565695 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that regular physical exercise has positive effects on physical and mental health. To use the beneficial health effects of physical exercise, there are worldwide movements encouraging health care providers to include physical exercise in their care and treatments strategies. However, a crucial point in administering the "exercise polypill" is the dosing and, in turn, the prescription of the physical intervention (PI). In this perspective article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to prescribe PI. In this context, we also highlight outstanding questions and potential areas of opportunity for further investigations.
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21
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ApoE Genotype-Dependent Response to Antioxidant and Exercise Interventions on Brain Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060553. [PMID: 32630431 PMCID: PMC7346214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether antioxidant supplementation is a viable complement to exercise regimens in improving cognitive and motor performance in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease risk. Starting at 12 months of age, separate groups of male and female mice expressing human Apolipoprotein E3 (GFAP-ApoE3) or E4 (GFAP-ApoE4) were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with vitamins E and C. The mice were further separated into a sedentary group or a group that followed a daily exercise regimen. After 8 weeks on the treatments, the mice were administered a battery of functional tests including tests to measure reflex and motor, cognitive, and affective function while remaining on their treatment. Subsequently, plasma inflammatory markers and catalase activity in brain regions were measured. Overall, the GFAP-ApoE4 mice exhibited poorer motor function and spatial learning and memory. The treatments improved balance, learning, and cognitive flexibility in the GFAP-ApoE3 mice and overall the GFAP-ApoE4 mice were not responsive. The addition of antioxidants to supplement a training regimen only provided further benefits to the active avoidance task, and there was no antagonistic interaction between the two interventions. These outcomes are indicative that there is a window of opportunity for treatment and that genotype plays an important role in response to interventions.
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22
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Li F, Geng X, Huber C, Stone C, Ding Y. In Search of a Dose: The Functional and Molecular Effects of Exercise on Post-stroke Rehabilitation in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:186. [PMID: 32670026 PMCID: PMC7330054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical exercise has been demonstrated to augment recovery of the post-stroke brain, the question of what level of exercise intensity optimizes neurological outcomes of post-stroke rehabilitation remains unsettled. In this study, we aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying the intensity-dependent effect of exercise on neurologic function, and thereby to help direct the clinical application of exercise-based neurorehabilitation. To do this, we used a well-established rat model of ischemic stroke consisting of cerebral ischemia induction through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ischemic rats were subsequently assigned either to a control group entailing post-stroke rest or to one of two exercise groups distinguished by the intensity of their accompanying treadmill regimens. After 24 h of reperfusion, exercise was initiated. Infarct volume, apoptotic cell death, and neurological defects were quantified in all groups at 3 days, and motor and cognitive functions were tracked up to day-28. Additionally, Western blotting was used to assess the influence of our interventions on several proteins related to synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity (growth-associated protein 43, a microtubule-associated protein, postsynaptic density-95, synapsin I, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, tyrosine kinase B, and cAMP response element-binding protein). Our results were in equal parts encouraging and surprising. Both mild and intense exercise significantly decreased infarct volume, cell death, and neurological deficits. Motor and cognitive function, as determined using an array of tests such as beam balance, forelimb placing, and the Morris water maze, were also significantly improved by both exercise protocols. Interestingly, while an obvious enhancement of neuroplasticity proteins was shown in both exercise groups, mild exercise rats demonstrated a stronger effect on the expressions of Tau (p < 0.01), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and tyrosine kinase B (p < 0.05). These findings contribute to the growing body of literature regarding the positive effects of both mild and intense long-term treadmill exercise on brain injury, functional outcome, and neuroplasticity. Additionally, the results may provide a base for our future study regarding the regulation of HIF-1α on the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in the biochemical processes underlying post-stroke synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christian Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Research and Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
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23
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New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060342. [PMID: 32503207 PMCID: PMC7348779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.
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The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030175. [PMID: 32197357 PMCID: PMC7139910 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that a single bout of acute physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition is well-established in the literature, but the neural correlates that underlie these cognitive improvements are not well understood. Here, the use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers great potential, which is just starting to be recognized. This review aims at providing an overview of those studies that used fMRI to investigate the effects of acute physical exercises on cerebral hemodynamics and cognition. To this end, a systematic literature survey was conducted by two independent reviewers across five electronic databases. The search returned 668 studies, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Although the findings of the reviewed studies suggest that acute physical exercise (e.g., cycling) leads to profound changes in functional brain activation, the small number of available studies and the great variability in the study protocols limits the conclusions that can be drawn with certainty. In order to overcome these limitations, new, more well-designed trials are needed that (i) use a more rigorous study design, (ii) apply more sophisticated filter methods in fMRI data analysis, (iii) describe the applied processing steps of fMRI data analysis in more detail, and (iv) provide a more precise exercise prescription.
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Wegner M, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kaulitzky A, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Machado S, Budde H. Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses: Exercise Effects on Depression in Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:81. [PMID: 32210847 PMCID: PMC7068196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common threat to children and adolescents in terms of affecting psychosocial development and increasing their risk of suicide. Apart from conventional treatments for depression, physical exercise has become a promising alternative. This paper aims to systematically review the existing meta-analyses that focus on the impact of physical exercise on clinical and nonclinical depression in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MedLine, PubMed, and hand searching. Risk of bias analysis, effect sizes calculations, and evaluation of the methodological characteristics (AMSTAR 2) were carried out. RESULTS Four meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. After analysing the overlap, the total sample contained 30 single studies (mostly including gender mixed samples) and 2,110 participants (age range 5-20 years). The medium duration of the interventions was 11.5 weeks. The sessions had a medium length of 41 min, and the frequency of implementation was three sessions per week. The most implemented intervention type was aerobic exercise, while control groups mainly continued with their regular routine, among other related options. The overall mean effect of physical exercise on depression was medium (d = -0.50). The additional analysis in clinically depressed samples documented a small to medium mean effect (d = -0.48) in favor of the intervention. CONCLUSION The small to medium but consistently positive effects that were found in the present study place physical exercise as a promising and helpful alternative for children and adolescents with clinical and nonclinical depression. The limited literature focused on children and adolescents in comparison with adult samples points to the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Wegner
- Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Kaulitzky
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Herold F, Müller P, Gronwald T, Müller NG. Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2338. [PMID: 31736815 PMCID: PMC6839278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, it is well recognized that both acute physical exercises and regular physical training influence brain plasticity and cognitive functions positively. However, growing evidence shows that the same physical exercises induce very heterogeneous outcomes across individuals. In an attempt to better understand this interindividual heterogeneity in response to acute and regular physical exercising, most research, so far, has focused on non-modifiable factors such as sex and different genotypes, while relatively little attention has been paid to exercise prescription as a modifiable factor. With an adapted exercise prescription, dosage can be made comparable across individuals, a procedure that is necessary to better understand the dose-response relationship in exercise-cognition research. This improved understanding of dose-response relationships could help to design more efficient physical training approaches against, for instance, cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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Gronwald T, Budde H. Commentary: Physical Exercise as Personalized Medicine for Dementia Prevention? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1358. [PMID: 31736780 PMCID: PMC6834542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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Wegner M, Koutsandréou F, Müller-Alcazar A, Lautenbach F, Budde H. Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on the Cortisol Awakening Response in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:463. [PMID: 31428044 PMCID: PMC6689951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Due to great variability of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, research has to produce better-controlled findings to make a more meaningful statement regarding the effect of exercise training (ET) on the cortisol awakening response (CAR), especially in children. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different ET interventions on the CAR in children. Design and setting: We conducted a short-term training study for 10 weeks in primary schools in Westphalia, Germany. Participants: 71 children (9-10 years old) were randomly assigned to a cardiovascular exercise group (n = 27), a motor exercise group (n = 23), or a control group (n = 21). Intervention: An experienced instructor trained the children in an after-school setting in 45 min sessions, three times a week over the course of 10 weeks. Main outcome measure: CAR (0, +30 min) was assessed on 2 schooldays one week apart before and after the 10-week intervention. A Shuttle Run Test was performed to determine the cardiovascular fitness. Motor fitness was assessed using the Heidelberg Gross Motor Test. Results: Children who enhanced their cardiovascular fitness over the course of the intervention showed an increased CAR after the intervention time (B = 0.213), whereas children who underwent a motor exercise intervention and at the same time gained in motor fitness exhibited a decreased CAR after intervention (B = -0.188). Conclusions: It has been speculated that other neurobiological pathways are activated by different exercise interventions. The extent to which these ET effects on CAR can be applied in clinical settings needs further investigation. Précis: The 10-weeks longitudinal effects of cardiovascular vs. motor exercise interventions (three times a week) on CAR in children show that these interventions exert different effects on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Wegner
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mirko Wegner
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenbach
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute for Sport Psychology and Sport Pedagogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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