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Kuitunen I, Ponkilainen VT. Injury incidence in golf-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03759-6. [PMID: 39028411 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of injuries in golf per exposure time. Thus, the aim was to report the pooled incidence of injuries in golf. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases in March 2024 for this systematic review and meta-analysis. We included observational studies reporting the number of injuries per exposure time. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled injury incidence per 1000 athlete exposures (18 holes of golf) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Incidences were separately analyzed for men, women, amateurs, professionals, and special athletes. RESULTS A total of 999 studies were screened, 29 full texts were assessed, and 7 studies with 269,754 athlete exposures were included. Seven studies assessed the overall incidence of injury, and the pooled estimate was 2.5 per 1000 athlete exposures (CI 0.9-7.5). The incidence was higher in special athletes (21.0, CI 7.7-45.1; one study) than among professionals (8.5, CI 7.6-9.4; one study), or in amateurs (1.3, CI 0.5-4.0; five studies). The injury incidence was 2.6 per 1000 athlete exposures (CI 0.7-9.6; four studies) in women and 1.4 per 1000 athlete exposures (CI 0.4-5.2; three studies) in men. A sensitivity analysis without special athletes had an incidence of 1.9 (CI 0.7-4.9; six studies). CONCLUSION The injury incidence in golf is 2.5 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (18 holes of golf). Reporting was limited as only one study reported injuries per exposure time in professionals, and in total, only seven studies were found. More research is needed in all levels and age groups to better estimate the injury incidence and associated risk factors in golf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Kuitunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Yliopistonranta 1, 70100, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ville T Ponkilainen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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2
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Tosi LL, Templeton K, Pennington AM, Reid KA, Boyan BD. Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Conditions and How They Are Reported. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01150. [PMID: 38954642 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that musculoskeletal tissues are differentiallys regulated by sex hormones in males and females. The influence of sex hormones, in addition to other sex-based differences such as in anatomical alignment and immune-system function, impact the prevalence and severity of disease as well as the types of injuries that affect the musculoskeletal system and the outcomes of prevention measures and treatment. Literature specifically addressing sex differences related to the musculoskeletal system is limited, underscoring the imperative for both basic and clinical research on this topic. This review highlights areas of research that have implications for bone and cartilage health, including growth and development, sports injuries, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone frailty. It is clear that important aspects of the musculoskeletal system have been understudied. Consideration of how sex hormone therapy will affect musculoskeletal tissues in prepuberty, during puberty, and in adults is vital, yet little is known. The purpose of this article is to foster awareness and interest in advancing our understanding of how sex differences influence orthopaedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Tosi
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Andrew M Pennington
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kendall A Reid
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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3
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González JR, Cáceres A, Ferrer E, Balagué-Dobón L, Escribà-Montagut X, Sarrat-González D, Quintás G, Rodas G. Predicting Injuries in Elite Female Football Players With Global-Positioning-System and Multiomics Data. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:661-669. [PMID: 38753297 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Injury prevention is a crucial aspect of sports, particularly in high-performance settings such as elite female football. This study aimed to develop an injury prediction model that incorporates clinical, Global-Positioning-System (GPS), and multiomics (genomics and metabolomics) data to better understand the factors associated with injury in elite female football players. METHODS We designed a prospective cohort study over 2 seasons (2019-20 and 2021-22) of noncontact injuries in 24 elite female players in the Spanish Premiership competition. We used GPS data to determine external workload, genomic data to capture genetic susceptibility, and metabolomic data to measure internal workload. RESULTS Forty noncontact injuries were recorded, the most frequent of which were muscle (63%) and ligament (20%) injuries. The baseline risk model included fat mass and the random effect of the player. Six genetic polymorphisms located at the DCN, ADAMTS5, ESRRB, VEGFA, and MMP1 genes were associated with injuries after adjusting for player load (P < .05). The genetic score created with these 6 variants determined groups of players with different profile risks (P = 3.1 × 10-4). Three metabolites (alanine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan) correlated with injuries. The model comprising baseline variables, genetic score, and player load showed the best prediction capacity (C-index: .74). CONCLUSIONS Our model could allow efficient, personalized interventions based on an athlete's vulnerability. However, we emphasize the necessity for further research in female athletes with an emphasis on validation studies involving other teams and individuals. By expanding the scope of our research and incorporating diverse populations, we can bolster the generalizability and robustness of our proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R González
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Ferrer
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Center of Excellence)andBarça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinic and Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Gil Rodas
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Center of Excellence)andBarça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinic and Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
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4
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Hardaker NJ, Hume PA, Sims ST. Differences in Injury Profiles Between Female and Male Athletes Across the Participant Classification Framework: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1595-1665. [PMID: 38536647 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex is a significant determinant of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It is not understood if sex is a key determinant of other sports-related injuries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify where differences in injury profiles are most apparent between the sexes in all sports across the six-tiered participant classification framework. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the 'implementing PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science'(PERSiST) guidance. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and EBSCO were searched from database inception to 24 April 2023. Longitudinal, prospective and retrospective cohort studies and cross-sectional and descriptive epidemiology studies that used standard injury data collection were included. Studies were excluded if injuries were not medically diagnosed and if injuries were not reported and/or analysed by sex. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS Overall, 180 studies were included (8 tier-5, 40 tier-4, 98 tier-3, 30 tier-2, 5 tier-1 studies; one study included data in two tiers). Of those, 174 studies were of moderate quality and six studies were of limited quality. In sex-comparable sports, there was moderate evidence that female athletes had greater risk of knee injury (relative risk (RR) 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5), foot/ankle injuries (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.17-1.34), bone stress injury (RR 3.4; 95% CI 2.1-5.4) and concussion (RR 8.46; 95% CI 1.04-68.77) than male athletes. Male athletes were at increased risk of hip/groin injuries (RR 2.26; 95% CI 1.31-3.88) and hamstring injuries (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.8-3.2) compared with females, particularly in dynamic sports. Male athletes were 1.8 (1.37-2.7) to 2.8 (2.45-3.24) times more likely to sustain acute fractures than female athletes, with the highest risk in competition. DISCUSSION Most studies in all cohorts were of moderate quality (mean/range of scores tier-5: 17 ± 2.2 [14-20], tier-4: 16.9 ± 1.9 [11-21], tier-3: 16.9 ± 1.5 [11-20], tier-2: 16.3 ± 2.2 [11-20], tier-1 studies: 15.6 ± 1.3 [14-17] out of 28 on the Downs and Black checklist), with only six studies of limited quality. Female athletes' propensity for bone stress injuries highlights opportunities to reinforce development of optimal bone health during adolescence and to outline the effects of energy availability. Earlier strength development and exposure to neuromuscular training programmes and modification of skill development in female athletes may be effective strategies for reducing lower limb injury risk. Key components of neuromuscular training programmes could be beneficial for reducing hip/groin and hamstring injury risk in male athletes. There may be a need for sex-specific prevention and return-to-sport protocols for sports-related concussion in female athletes. CONCLUSIONS Female sex was a key determinant of sports-related injuries beyond ACL injury including foot/ankle injury, bone stress injury and sports-related concussion. Male sex was a key determinant of hip/groin, hamstring injury and upper limb injury. TRIAL REGISTRY PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017058806 (last updated on 7th June 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hardaker
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Tech & Policy Lab, Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stacy T Sims
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Owen MM, Workman CD, Angileri HS, Terry MA, Tjong VK. Musculoskeletal injuries during trail sports: Sex- and age-specific analyses over 20 years from a national injury database. Wilderness Environ Med 2024; 35:138-146. [PMID: 38454756 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241234029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in US trail sports are understudied as trail sport popularity grows. This study describes MSK injury patterns among hikers, trail runners, and mountain bikers from 2002 through 2021 and investigates MSK injury trends acquired during mountain sports. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to identify US emergency department (ED) patients from 2002-2021 (inclusive) who endured MSK injuries during hiking, trail running, or mountain biking. Injury rates and national estimates were calculated across demographics. RESULTS 9835 injuries were included (48.4% male, 51.6% female). Injuries increased over time, with 1213 from 2002-2005 versus 2417 from 2018-2021. No sex differences existed before 2010, after which female injury rates exceeded those of males. The following findings were statistically significant, with P<0.05: females endured more fractures and strains/sprains; males endured more lacerations; concussions and head injuries were higher among those <18 y; dislocations and strains/sprains were higher for 18 to 65 y; fractures were higher for >65 y; <18 y had high mountain-biking and low running rates; 18 to 65 y had high running rates; and >65 y had low biking and running rates. Although all diagnoses increased in number over time, no significant differences existed in the proportion of any given diagnosis relative to total injuries. CONCLUSIONS MSK injuries during trail sports have increased since 2002. Males endured more injuries until 2009, after which females endured more. Significant sex and age differences were found regarding injury diagnosis and body parts. Further studies are needed to confirm these trends and their causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Owen
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Connor D Workman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Michael A Terry
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Vehniah K Tjong
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Beech J, Jones B, Hughes T, Emmonds S. Injury Profile in Youth Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1207-1230. [PMID: 38263483 PMCID: PMC11127887 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of epidemiological studies assessing the incidence, prevalence and severity of injury in youth female sport are available. However, no study has sought to synthesise the current evidence base across all youth female sport. As such, a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury in this cohort is necessary to understand the diversity of injury and its associated burden between sports in addition to identifying the density of research available. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in youth female athletes with particular attention to injury incidence, mean days lost and injury burden. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO (SPORTDiscus with Full Text MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete) and Cochrane databases. Studies were considered if they reported time-loss injury incidence or prevalence in youth female (≤ 19 years old) athletes. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE-SIIS extension, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and funnel plots, respectively. Injury incidence and burden rate data were modelled using a mixed-effect Poisson regression model. Days lost data were modelled using a generalised linear mixed model. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included. The overall incidence rate, mean days lost per injury, and burden rate were 4.4 injuries per 1000 h (95% CI 3.3-5.9), 10 days (95% CI 6-15), and 46 days per 1000 h (95% CI 23-92), respectively. Forty percent of athletes sustained at least one time-loss injury. Competitive level was a significant moderator of match and training injury incidence, with elite youth athletes presenting greater pooled injury incidence estimates than non-elite athletes (p = 0.0315 and p = 0.0047, respectively). The influence of moderators on days lost and injury burden could not be determined due to an insufficient number of studies for analysis. CONCLUSION Despite a broad inclusion criterion, there is limited injury surveillance research available across youth female sport. Outside of soccer, little research density is evidenced with single studies available in popular team sports such as Australian football and rugby union. Insufficient study numbers reporting mean days lost and injury burden data were available for analysis, and pooled days lost data could only be estimated for soccer. This highlights a need for future research to report days lost data alongside injury number and exposure so burden can be calculated and the full risk of injury to youth female athletes can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Beech
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Hughes
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
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Liukkonen R, Vaajala M, Tarkiainen J, Kuitunen I. The incidence of floorball injuries-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 67:110-117. [PMID: 38663160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Floorball is a swift sport; players perform multiple quick turns during practices and games. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of floorball injuries. In addition, we aimed to examine the differences in the incidences between sexes and anatomical locations. METHODS The PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Web of Science (Clarivate), Scopus (Elsevier), and SPORTDiscus (EBSCO) databases were searched from inception to January 6th, 2023. A study was eligible for analysis if the number of injuries per exposure time was reported. The study protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023390659). RESULTS The total pooled incidence of floorball injuries was 2.28 (confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 4.10) injuries per 1000 h for all included studies. For females, the pooled incidence was 2.33 (CI 1.22 to 4.46) injuries per 1000 h, and for males, the incidence was 1.98 (CI 1.83 to 2.14) injuries per 1000-h. For adults, the pooled incidence was 3.11 (CI 1.58 to 6.12) injuries per 1000 h and for youths, the incidence was 1.40 (CI 0.50 to 3.94) injuries per 1000 h. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of floorball injuries is high, especially among women. When considering the growing popularity of floorball, these pooled incidences serve as reference values for future injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Liukkonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Matias Vaajala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jeremias Tarkiainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ilari Kuitunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Braman M, Root C, Harmon I, Long R, Vopat L, Vopat B, Herda A. Auditing the Representation of Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: Achilles Repair. FOOT & ANKLE ORTHOPAEDICS 2024; 9:24730114241255360. [PMID: 38827564 PMCID: PMC11143824 DOI: 10.1177/24730114241255360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing evidence-based recommendations specific to female athletes has been overlooked in sports medicine. Achilles tendon rupture is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, occurring in 15 to 55 per 100 000 people annually. Differences in injury rates could be due to hormonal effects, as estrogen receptors have been identified in tendons along with decreased tendon strain based on oral contraceptive use. The primary purpose of this study was to audit the representation of female athletes in the literature regarding Achilles repair. Methods An electronic search was performed using PubMed to identify articles related to Achilles repair using the protocol by Smith et al. Studies were assessed by population, size, athletic caliber, study impact, research theme, and menstrual status. Results Female representation across all studies was 1783 of 10 673 subjects (16.7%). Composition of included studies was predominantly mixed-sex cohorts with 131 of 169 (77.5%) included studies. Within mixed-sex cohort studies, the total representation of female athletes was 1654 of 8792 participants (18.9%). Thirty-two studies were male only, constituting 1540 participants, whereas 3 studies were female only composed of 86 athletes. Importantly, the disparity between male and female representation worsened as the athletic caliber of the study population increased, with 5.0% female representation in studies with professional athletes. No study collected data related to menstrual status and its potential relationship to Achilles rupture or postoperative outcomes. Conclusion Mixed-sex cohort studies underrepresented female athletes, and male-only cohort studies were more common than female-only studies. These findings indicate a need for increased representation of female athletes as well as acknowledgment of menstrual status in research related to Achilles repair. Future studies should focus on representation of female athletes and data collection related to sex-specific hormones, hormonal contraceptive use, and menstrual status to improve treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures for female athletes. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Braman
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Cooper Root
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ian Harmon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rachel Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lisa Vopat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bryan Vopat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ashley Herda
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Science, School of Education and Human Sciences, University of Kansas, Overland Park, KS, USA
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Kosticova M, Kopcakova J, Vaskova M, Slancova TK, Kolarcik P, Bakalár P. Sleep characteristics and adolescent physical activity-related injuries in sports clubs, leisure time and schools. Inj Prev 2024; 30:153-160. [PMID: 37963726 PMCID: PMC10958255 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep has been identified as an important factor in relation to physical activity-related injury (PARI) in adolescents. The study aimed to explore associations between sleep duration, sleep problems and PARI among Slovak adolescents in three different settings: sports clubs, leisure time and schools. METHODS We analysed data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 10 163 Slovak adolescents aged from 10.5 to 18.3 (mean age 13.4 (SD=1.5); 50.9% boys). Data were collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by respondents in schools during the classes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sleep duration during schooldays and weekends, sleep problems and PARI in sports clubs, leisure time and schools. RESULTS Adolescents with normal sleep duration during schooldays and those who reported no problems with falling asleep, waking up at night and day sleepiness had a higher chance of not being injured during PA in sports clubs, leisure time and schools compared with adolescents with short sleep duration and sleep problems. Sufficient sleep duration during the weekend increased the probability of not having PARI in leisure time and schools, with the strongest association between long sleep duration and PARI in leisure time. CONCLUSION Good sleep quality and sufficient sleep duration were found to play a protective role in relation to PARI in adolescents. The findings suggest implementing sleep interventions in PARI prevention programmes, which must be considered a key component of adolescent PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kosticova
- Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Stafarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Vaskova
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Kovalik Slancova
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kolarcik
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Stafarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bakalár
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
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Herring SA, Kibler WB, Putukian M, Boyajian-O'Neill LA, Chang CJ, Franks RR, Hutchinson M, Indelicato PA, O'Connor FG, Powell A, Roach R, Safran M, Statuta SM, Sutton K. Initial Assessment and Management of Select Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Team Physician Consensus Statement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:385-401. [PMID: 37847756 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in sport during practice, training, and competition. Injury assessment and management are common responsibilities for the team physician. Initial Assessment and Management of Musculoskeletal Injury-A Team Physician Consensus Statement is title 23 in a series of annual consensus documents written for the practicing team physician. This statement was developed by the Team Physician Consensus Conference, an annual project-based alliance of six major professional associations. The goal of this document is to help the team physician improve the care and treatment of the athlete by understanding the initial assessment and management of selected musculoskeletal injuries.
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Herring SA, Kibler WB, Putukian M, Boyajian-O'Neill LA, Chang CJ, Franks RR, Hutchinson M, Indelicato PA, O'Connor FG, Powell A, Roach R, Safran M, Statuta SM, Sutton K. Initial Assessment and Management of Select Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Team Physician Consensus Statement. Curr Sports Med Rep 2024; 23:86-104. [PMID: 38437494 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in sport during practice, training, and competition. Injury assessment and management are common responsibilities for the team physician. Initial Assessment and Management of Musculoskeletal Injury-A Team Physician Consensus Statement is title 23 in a series of annual consensus documents written for the practicing team physician. This statement was developed by the Team Physician Consensus Conference, an annual project-based alliance of six major professional associations. The goal of this document is to help the team physician improve the care and treatment of the athlete by understanding the initial assessment and management of selected musculoskeletal injuries.
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12
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Guevara SA, Donaldson A, Keegan RJ, Appaneal RN, Smyth EA, Waddington G, Mahony K, Mara JK, Drew MK. Gender and socioecological level differences in stakeholders' perceptions of athlete attrition factors in an Australian high-performance pathway system. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:197-203. [PMID: 37985254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to build on previous work by the authors. It examines how socioecological level and gender influence high-performance sport system (HPSS) stakeholders' perspectives of the relative importance and feasibility to address athlete attrition factors within an Australian high-performance pathway system (HPPS). DESIGN Mixed methods. METHODS Sub-analysis was conducted of rating data from 30 participants who had contributed to identifying 83 statements in 13 clusters in a previous Concept Mapping study. The 13 clusters were statistically analysed in 'R' using cumulative link mixed models (CLMMs) to determine differences in perceived importance and feasibility between 1) socioecological levels, and 2) genders. RESULTS Mean ratings for 11 and three of the 13 clusters were statistically significantly different between at least two of the five socioecological levels, for importance and feasibility, respectively. Athletes had the largest variation in mean ratings from the most (athlete health 4.59), to least (performance potential 2.83) important cluster, when compared to the other four socioecological levels. There were statistically significant differences between the ratings between genders (Men/Women) for two clusters for each rating scale: Importance: 'athlete health' (M3.33:W3.84 [p 0.012]); 'performance potential' (M3.35:W2.57; [p 0.001]), Feasibility: 'abuse and mismanagement of health' (M2.97:W3.68; [p 0.000]) and 'athlete health' (M2.54:W3.33; [p 0.000]). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to implement more robust athlete attrition monitoring protocols. It also highlights the importance of listening to youth athletes' voices, and enabling equal gender representation to ensure holistically tailored environments are created to retain talented athletes in high-performance pathway programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Guevara
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Canberra, Australia; New South Wales Institute of Sport, Australia; Athlete Performance Health, AIS Operations, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia.
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | | | - Renee N Appaneal
- Athlete Performance Health, AIS Operations, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia
| | - Erin A Smyth
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kate Mahony
- New South Wales Institute of Sport, Australia.
| | - Jocelyn K Mara
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | - Michael K Drew
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Canberra, Australia.
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13
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McNamee M, Anderson LC, Borry P, Camporesi S, Derman W, Holm S, Knox TR, Leuridan B, Loland S, Lopez Frias FJ, Lorusso L, Malcolm D, McArdle D, Partridge B, Schramme T, Weed M. Sport-related concussion research agenda beyond medical science: culture, ethics, science, policy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2024:jme-2022-108812. [PMID: 36868564 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Concussion in Sport Group guidelines have successfully brought the attention of brain injuries to the global medical and sport research communities, and has significantly impacted brain injury-related practices and rules of international sport. Despite being the global repository of state-of-the-art science, diagnostic tools and guides to clinical practice, the ensuing consensus statements remain the object of ethical and sociocultural criticism. The purpose of this paper is to bring to bear a broad range of multidisciplinary challenges to the processes and products of sport-related concussion movement. We identify lacunae in scientific research and clinical guidance in relation to age, disability, gender and race. We also identify, through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary analysis, a range of ethical problems resulting from conflicts of interest, processes of attributing expertise in sport-related concussion, unjustifiably narrow methodological control and insufficient athlete engagement in research and policy development. We argue that the sport and exercise medicine community need to augment the existing research and practice foci to understand these problems more holistically and, in turn, provide guidance and recommendations that help sport clinicians better care for brain-injured athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike McNamee
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Pascal Borry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Camporesi
- Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport & Exercise Medicine, Dept of Exercise, Sport & Lifestyle Medicine, Facuty of Medicine & Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soren Holm
- Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bert Leuridan
- Centre for Philosophical Psychology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sigmund Loland
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ludovica Lorusso
- Departament de Psicologia Social, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominic Malcolm
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Brad Partridge
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Schramme
- Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Weed
- Centre for Sport, Physical Education & Activity Research (spear), Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
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14
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Quarmby A, Zhang M, Geisler M, Javorsky T, Mugele H, Cassel M, Lawley J. Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers: a systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1269870. [PMID: 38162697 PMCID: PMC10756908 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1269870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Results Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a "crimp" grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. Discussion This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Quarmby
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, University Outpatient Clinic, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Zhang
- Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Geisler
- Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomas Javorsky
- Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Mugele
- Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Cassel
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, University Outpatient Clinic, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin Lawley
- Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- EURAC Research, Institute for Mountain Emergency Medicine, Bolzano, Italy
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15
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Agostini F, de Sire A, Furcas L, Finamore N, Farì G, Giuliani S, Sveva V, Bernetti A, Paoloni M, Mangone M. Postural Analysis Using Rasterstereography and Inertial Measurement Units in Volleyball Players: Different Roles as Indicators of Injury Predisposition. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2102. [PMID: 38138205 PMCID: PMC10744809 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Acute and chronic injuries are frequent in volleyball. Biomechanics of sport-specific tasks can influence the risk of injury, which is also related to specific court positions. We investigated posture at raster-stereography, balance, and dynamic tasks using inertial motion units to find differences between roles, which can be predictive of a higher risk of injury. Materials and Methods: We cross-sectionally evaluated amateur volleyball athletes. Participants were divided into roles as outside hitters, setters, middle blockers, and opposite hitters. We excluded the "libero" position from our analysis. Results: Sixteen players were included in the analysis. A statistically significant difference was found in left lower limb stiffness among the outside hitter and setter groups. Conclusions: Differences in stiffness might be related to the different training and the different abilities among the two groups. Raster-stereography is extending its indications and should be implemented for non-invasive postural analysis. The use of inertial motion units provides objective measurements of variables that could go unrecognized within a clinical evaluation; its use should be considered in injury preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurological and Rehabilitation Science, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Furcas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Finamore
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Giacomo Farì
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Giuliani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Valerio Sveva
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Bernetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Paoloni
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Mangone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (N.F.); (S.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
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16
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Leung A, Kantak S, Hammoud S, Abraham R, Zarzycki R. Sex differences in corticospinal excitability and quadriceps performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2023. [PMID: 37938095 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures result in lasting quadriceps dysfunction that contributes to secondary injury risk and development of osteoarthritis. There is evidence of persistent reduced nervous system drive (corticospinal excitability [CSE]) to the quadriceps and sex differences in both quadriceps performance and CSE post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in CSE and quadriceps dysfunction after ACLR between sexes and relative to controls. Twenty subjects 4-9 months post-ACLR and 20 age, sex, and activity matched controls participated in this study. Quadriceps performance (peak torque, PT; rate of torque development from onset to 100 ms, RTD100; and RTD from 100 to 200ms, RTD200) and CSE (active motor threshold; slope of the stimulus response (SR) curve, SR curve slope) were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (HUMAC NORM) and transcranial magnetic stimulation respectively. Significant group differences were found for SR curve slope, PT, RTD100, and RTD200 on the surgical limb. Males after ACLR had higher slopes (higher CSE) than females. Females after ACLR had worse surgical limb quadriceps PT than control males and slower RTD100 and RTD200 than control males and control females. Higher CSE in males after ACLR may point to a potentially adaptive neurological change in males post-ACLR and indicate greater need for novel interventions to address cortical drive in females after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leung
- Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shailesh Kantak
- Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sommer Hammoud
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebekah Abraham
- Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Zarzycki
- Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Malcolm D. Some problems of research exploring sex differences in sport-related concussions: a narrative review. Res Sports Med 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37856512 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2271604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review scrutinizes research exploring sex-based differences in experiences of sport-related concussion. The article argues that the limitations of epidemiological studies identifying the greater incidence and severity of concussion among females require that these findings are read with caution. It secondly argues that the dominant explanations for these data are based on and extend historical tendencies to "other" female participation in sport and construct male experiences as the "norm". Finally, the article critiques policy recommendations related to these research findings, arguing that they are likely to embed rather than challenge sex inequality in sport, and that they are both impractical and unethical. While this commentary builds on a broader body of work advocating greater sex/gender equality in sports science research, the prominence of social concerns about concussions in sport makes the broader implications of the focus on sex and sport-related concussion particularly problematic and thus in need of redress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Malcolm
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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18
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Torvaldsson K, Lindblom H, Sonesson S, Senorski EH, Stigson H, Tamm L, Sandberg J, Hägglund M. Swedish Olympic athletes report one injury insurance claim every second year: a 22-year insurance registry-based cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4607-4617. [PMID: 37452831 PMCID: PMC10471666 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe injury incidence, time trends in injury incidence, and injury characteristics among Swedish Olympic athletes over 22 years based on insurance data, as a first step to inform injury preventive measures among Olympic athletes. METHODS The cohort comprised 762 elite athletes (54% males; age 26.5 ± 5.9 years) in 38 sports in the Swedish Olympic Committee support program 'Top and Talent' between 1999 and 2020, with total 3427 athlete-years included. Acute and gradual onset injuries were reported to the insurance registry by the athletes' medical staff. RESULTS A total of 1635 injuries in 468 athletes were registered. The overall injury incidence was 47.7 injuries/100 athlete-years (one injury per athlete every second year). An increasing trend in injury incidence was observed in the first decade 2001 to 2010 (annual change 6.0%, 95% CI 3.3-8.8%), while in the second decade 2011 to 2020 no change was evident (0.4%, 95% CI - 1.9 to 2.7%). Gymnastics, tennis, and athletics had the highest incidence (100.0, 99.3, and 93.4 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Among sport categories, mixed and power sports had the highest incidence (72.8 and 69.5 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Higher incidences were seen in the younger age groups (≤ 25 years) in mixed and skill sports. The injury incidence was comparable between male and female athletes, and summer and winter sports. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb, and specifically the knee (24%), foot/ankle (15%) and spine/pelvis (13%). CONCLUSION The results on injury patterns in different sports and age groups may guide preventive focus for health and performance teams working with Olympic athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Torvaldsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Hamrin Senorski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Stigson
- Folksam Research, Folksam Insurance Group, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lykke Tamm
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Sandberg
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Leipman J, Shahriar R. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Injuries Related to Individual and Team Sports: An Analysis of the NEISS Database Between 2017 and 2021. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231205317. [PMID: 37900862 PMCID: PMC10605701 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231205317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first 2 years of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound effect on youth sports participation. Purpose The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sports injury patterns, with a secondary aim of comparing organized team and individual sport-related injuries in diverse age groups. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was searched to identify injuries sustained by patients aged 11 to 23 years while playing organized team or individual sports from 2017 to 2021. We investigated reports of concussions, dislocations, fractures, and sprains/strains. Results Between 2017 and 2021, there were 58,721 and 3778 team and individual sport-related injuries, respectively. When compared with the prepandemic years, there was a 57.07% decrease in 2020 and 22.31% decrease in 2021 for the number of organized team sport-related injuries. Organized individual sport-related injuries had a 56.24% and 35.18% decrease in number in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Male patients were most likely to be injured in team sports (81.0%), and female patients were most likely to be injured in individual sports (67.1%). High school athletes sustained the majority of injuries in team (57.0%) and individual (51.2%) sports. The years 2020 and 2021 saw a decrease in proportion of sprains/strains and an increase in proportion of fractures. Conclusion The number of organized sport-related injuries reported to emergency departments decreased in 2020, and despite vaccinations and easing of social distancing, the 2021 value did not return to what it was prepandemic. As coronavirus-related restrictions have eased, there should be careful monitoring of sports injuries among youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leipman
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rajin Shahriar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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20
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Mochizuki T, Ushiki T, Suzuki K, Sato M, Ishiguro H, Suwabe T, Edama M, Omori G, Yamamoto N, Kawase T. Characterization of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma Derived from Female Collage Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Focusing on Growth Factor, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13592. [PMID: 37686398 PMCID: PMC10488049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been increasingly used in sports medicine owing to its various advantages. The purpose of our project was to standardize the parameters before performing large-scale clinical trials in the near future to precisely evaluate individual PRP quality. To examine the effects of regular exercise on PRP quality, this study focused on young female athletes, who have been relatively less studied. Blood samples were obtained from female college athletes (n = 35) and ordinary healthy adults (n = 30), which were considered as controls, and leukocyte-rich PRP (L-PRP) was prepared manually. Body composition indices were determined using a bathroom weight scale equipped with an impedance meter. Growth factors and cytokines were quantified using ELISA kits. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and Transforming-growth factors β1 (TGFβ1) levels (per platelet) in L-PRP were significantly lower in female athletes than in controls. In contrast, Interleukin-1β and Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels (per platelet and L-PRP) in L-PRP were significantly higher in athletes, and this difference was more prominent in IL-1RA. These findings suggest that L-PRP from athletes may facilitate the inflammatory phase of the healing process by regulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance. These chemical compositions can be adopted as "must-check" parameters to characterize individual PRP preparations prior to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Mochizuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-9518, Japan;
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (K.S.)
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (H.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (K.S.)
| | - Misato Sato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (K.S.)
| | - Hajime Ishiguro
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (H.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatsuya Suwabe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (H.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Mutsuaki Edama
- Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3102, Japan; (M.E.); (G.O.)
| | - Go Omori
- Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3102, Japan; (M.E.); (G.O.)
| | - Noriaki Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata 950-3304, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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21
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Sonnier JH, Paul RW, Hall AT, Johnson EE, Connors G, Freedman KB, Bishop ME. Rates of Reporting and Analyzing Patient Sex in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3035-3041. [PMID: 36416467 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221128909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in sports medicine are well documented. However, no studies to date have reviewed the rate at which sex is reported and analyzed in the athlete-specific orthopaedic sports medicine literature. PURPOSE To determine the rates of reporting and analyzing patient sex in athlete-specific sports medicine literature. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Articles published by the 3 journals of the AOSSM (American Journal of Sports Medicine [AJSM], Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, and Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach) between 2017 and 2021 were considered for inclusion. Original sports medicine research studies that isolated athletes were included. Studies that isolated sports that are predominantly single sex at the college and/or professional levels (football, baseball, softball, and wrestling) were excluded. RESULTS Of the 5140 publications screened, 559 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 93.9% of all studies reported patient sex, and 34.7% of all studies analyzed patient sex. However, 143 studies only included males and 50 studies only included females (n = 193). When excluding these single-sex studies, analysis of the remaining 366 studies found that the rate of sex-specific analysis increased to 53.0%. Rates of reporting patient sex did not significantly differ by journal or by year. Similarly, rates of analyzing patient sex did not differ by year, but Sports Health analyzed sex the most frequently, and AJSM analyzed sex the least frequently (P = .002). Studies that isolated college (84.1%), youth (66.7%), or recreational (52.6%) athletes analyzed sex at or above the overall rate of 53.0%, but studies of elite athletes (35.7%) tended to analyze sex less frequently. CONCLUSION Patient sex is well reported in the athlete-specific sports medicine literature (93.9% of included studies reported sex), demonstrating that most studies include sex as a demographic variable. However, patient sex was analyzed only in 53.0% of studies that included both male and female patients. Given that athlete-specific sex differences are known to exist within the field of sports medicine, many studies that could benefit from using patient sex as a variable for analysis likely fail to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan W Paul
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anya T Hall
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma E Johnson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Connors
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Siegel SD, Mason J, Hamacher D, Rahlf AL, Zech A. Asymmetries of foot strike patterns during running in high-level female and male soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:86. [PMID: 37452424 PMCID: PMC10349471 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Foot strike pattern (FSP) is defined by the way the foot makes initial ground contact and is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study investigated the effect of running speed on asymmetries of FSP. METHODS Seventeen female and nineteen male soccer players performed an incremental running test on an instrumented treadmill starting at 2.0 m/s until complete exhaustion. Force plate data were used to categorize foot strikes into rearfoot (RFS) and non-rearfoot strikes. Additionally, peak vertical ground reaction force (peakGRF) and stride time were calculated. The symmetry index (SI) was used to quantify lateral asymmetries between legs. RESULTS The SI indicated asymmetries of the rate of RFS (%RFS) of approximately 30% at slow running speed which decreased to 4.4% during faster running speed (p = 0.001). There were minor asymmetries in peakGRF and stride time at each running stage. Running speed influenced %RFS (p < 0.001), peakGRF (p < 0.001) and stride time (p < 0.001). Significant interaction effects between running speed and sex were shown for %RFS (p = 0.033), peakGRF (p < 0.001) and stride time (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION FSP of soccer players are asymmetric at slower running speed, but symmetry increases with increasing speed. Future studies should consider that FSP are non-stationary and influenced by running speed but also differ between legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Dimitri Siegel
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, Jena, 07749, Germany.
| | - Joel Mason
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, Jena, 07749, Germany
| | - Daniel Hamacher
- Methods and Statistics in Sports, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, Jena, 07749, Germany
| | - Anna Lina Rahlf
- Department of Sports Science, Institute of Health, Nutrition and Sport Science, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Campusallee 2, Flensburg, 24943, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, Jena, 07749, Germany
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23
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Weith M, Junge A, Rolvien T, Kluge S, Hollander K. Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in elite wheelchair basketball players over a whole season - a prospective cohort study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37452362 PMCID: PMC10347731 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheelchair basketball is an adaptation of pedestrian basketball and one of the most popular Paralympic sports worldwide. The epidemiology of health problems in wheelchair basketball has been prospectively studied only during the Paralympic Games, the 2018 World Championships, the 2021 South America Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and one season of two American intercollegiate wheelchair basketball teams. The objective of the study was to prospectively monitor and analyze the prevalence, incidence, burden, and characteristics of injuries and illnesses in a wheelchair basketball league during an entire season for the first time. METHODS All players of the highest German wheelchair basketball league (Bundesliga) were invited to participate in the study. Included players completed the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire once a week during the entire season 2020/21 to report health problems. Exposure was captured by self-reported training time and officially-recorded competition time. RESULTS Sixty of 117 players (51%, 47 male, 13 female) of the national league participated with an average response of 93%. Seventy health problems (5.5/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 4.9-6.1]) were reported, including 54 injuries and 16 illnesses. Prevalence of health problems was 60% (95% CI: 48-72). Most injuries affected the shoulder (32% of all injuries), cervical spine/neck (17%), and hand (13%). More overuse injuries (2.9/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 2.5-3.3]) than acute injuries (1.3/1000 exposure hours [95% CI: 1.0-1.6]) occurred. Of all health problems, 53% were associated with time-loss. The incidences of all health problems, illnesses, injuries, and overuse injuries were higher in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics and frequency of injuries and illnesses during wheelchair basketball season differed from those during major wheelchair basketball tournaments. The high proportion of overuse injuries and the higher injury rates in women should be regarded in the development of individualized prevention measures. Since results from previous studies during major tournaments are only partially comparable to wheelchair basketball league play, further studies should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Weith
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246 Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246 Germany
| | - Sascha Kluge
- Zentrum für Rehabilitationsmedizin, BG Klinikum Hamburg, Bergedorfer Straße 10, Hamburg, 21033 Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg, 20457 Germany
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24
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Leung A, DeSandis B, O’Brien L, Hammoud S, Zarzycki R. Postoperative considerations based on graft type after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction a narrative review. ANNALS OF JOINT 2023; 8:26. [PMID: 38529227 PMCID: PMC10929311 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-22-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Graft selection for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) affects rehabilitation throughout the course of postoperative care. Methods A search of PubMed and EBSCO was performed and abstracts independently reviewed by two authors. This search was also supplemented with additional evidence relevant to each phase of ACLR rehabilitation. Key Content and Findings Direct implications of graft type on clinical decisions vary throughout treatment phases, transitioning from potential differences in acute postoperative pain management immediately after surgery to facilitating sufficient and appropriate lower extremity loading in subsequent weeks. Regardless of graft type, surgical limb weakness persists throughout the course of rehabilitation; however, harvest site selection for autografts contributes to disproportionate weakness of the harvested muscle group and the potential for surgical-induced tendinopathy. In later phases of rehabilitation, as athletes are transitioning into return to sport (RTS), treatment decisions and protocols are less affected by graft type but expectations for meeting clinical milestones and the time required to do so does differ between graft types. Conclusions Targeted strengthening interventions to address muscle weakness following graft harvest in autografts should be continued throughout the rehabilitation process. Lingering deficits in quadriceps strength symmetry may also influence time to meet progression and RTS criteria following graft harvest from the extensor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Sommer Hammoud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Zarzycki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
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25
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Nyhus Hagum C, Tønnessen E, Hisdal J, Shalfawi SAI. The effect of progressive and individualised sport-specific training on the prevalence of injury in football and handball student athletes: a randomised controlled trial. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1106404. [PMID: 37346384 PMCID: PMC10279870 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of communication and coordination combined with designing a progressive and individualised sport-specific training program for reducing injury prevalence in youth female and male football and handball players transitioning to a sports academy high school. An additional aim was to investigate the characteristics of the reported injuries. Methods Forty-two Norwegian athletes were randomised into an intervention or control group. Mean age, height, weight and BMI was 15.5 ± 0.5 years, 178.6 cm ± 6.3 cm, 71.3 ± 9.8 kg, 22.3 ± 2.7 BMI for the intervention group (IG) (n = 23), and 15.4 ± 0.5 years, 175.6 cm ± 6.6 cm, 67.1 ± 9.8 kg, 21.7 ± 2.4 BMI for the control group (CG) (n = 19). During the summer holiday, the intervention group received weekly progressive, individualised sport-specific training programs and weekly follow-up telephone calls from the researchers. All athletes completed a baseline questionnaire and a physical test battery. Training data and injuries were recorded prospectively for 22 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). A two-way chi-square (χ2) test of independence was conducted to examine the relationship between groups and injury. Results Average weekly prevalence of all injuries was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14%) in IG and 19% (95% CI: 13%-26%) in CG. Average weekly prevalence of substantial injuries was 7% (95% CI: 3%-10%) in IG and 10% (95% CI: 6%-13%) in CG. The between-group difference in injuries was significant: χ2 (1, N = 375) = 4.865, p = .031, φ = .114, with 1.8 times higher injury risk in CG vs. IG during the first 12 weeks after enrolment. Conclusions For student athletes transitioning to a sports academy high school, progressive individualised, sport-specific training programs reduced the prevalence of all-complaint injuries following enrolment. Clubs and schools should prioritise time and resources to implement similar interventions in periods where student athletes have less supervision, such as the summer holidays, to facilitate an optimal transition to a sports academy high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Nyhus Hagum
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Tønnessen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shaher A. I. Shalfawi
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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26
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Zilles G, Grim C, Wegener F, Engelhardt M, Hotfiel T, Hoppe MW. [Groin pain in sports games: a systematic review]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2023; 37:18-36. [PMID: 36878218 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports games, epidemiological data show that groin pain is relatively common and can lead to repeated loss of time. Consequently, it is essential to be aware of the evidence-based prevention strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to examine risk factors and prevention strategies for groin pain and to rank them based on their evidence in sports games. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using a PICO-scheme in the PubMed, Web of Science and SPOLIT databases. We included all available intervention and observational studies on the influence of risk factors and prevention strategies on groin pain in sports games. The methodological quality and level of evidence was assessed using the PEDro-Scale and OCEBM model, respectively. Finally, the quantity, quality and level of evidence was used to rank each risk factor for its grade. RESULTS Moderate evidence was found for four risk factors that significantly influence the risk of groin pain: male sex, previous groin pain, hip adductor strength and not participating in the FIFA 11+ Kids. Moreover, moderate evidence was found for the following non-significant risk factors: older age, body height and weight, higher BMI, body fat percentage, playing position, leg dominance, training exposure, reduced hip abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and internal rotation-ROM, hip flexor strength, hip abductor, adductor, flexor and core strengthening with balance exercises, clinical hip mobility tests and physical capacities. CONCLUSION The identified risk factors can be considered when developing prevention strategies to reduce the risk of groin pain in sports games. Thereby, not only the significant, but also the non-significant risk factors should be considered for prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilles
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Casper Grim
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Florian Wegener
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Martin Engelhardt
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
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27
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Fridén C, Ekenros L, von Rosen P. Previous injury, sex and well-being are associated with injury profiles in 422 adolescent elite athletes of age 15-16 years: a 20-week longitudinal study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001485. [PMID: 36643407 PMCID: PMC9835953 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent elite athletes have a high injury risk and many risk factors for injury have been suggested. However, there is a lack of prospective studies in adolescent elite athletes of age 15-16 years. Aim The aim of the study was to prospectively explore risk factors associated with different injury prevalence profiles in adolescent elite athletes. Methods Substantial injury was monitored in adolescent elite athletes (n=422) using the validated Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire over 20 weeks. Athletes were categorised in tertiles based on injury prevalence. Results The median substantial injury prevalence for all athletes was 10% (IQR 0%-20%). Compared with the 'no injury' group, previous injury (p<0.001, OR 3.91) and well-being (p<0.001, OR 0.93) were associated with the 'high injury' group, and previous injury (p=0.006, OR 1.96) and being a female athlete (p=0.002, OR 2.08) with the 'low injury' group. A female athlete with a previous injury and low perceived well-being (25th percentile) had a 48% risk (95% CI 36% to 59%) of belonging to the 'high injury' group, compared with 7% (95% CI 4% to 12%) for a male athlete with no previous injury and high well-being (75th percentile). Conclusion Medical personnel should be aware of the high injury risk and risk factors for injury in adolescent elite athletes, and closely monitor the rehabilitation post-injury as a previous injury is such a strong risk factor for a new injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fridén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Ekenros
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Philip von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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28
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Cordingley DM, Cornish SM. Efficacy of aerobic exercise following concussion: a narrative review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:5-16. [PMID: 36423352 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury which results in symptoms within the physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep domains. Historically, guidelines established by expert opinion have recommended rest during the initial stages of recovery following a concussion until symptom resolution. However, recent recommendations have shifted to advise an initial period of 24-48 h of rest immediately following concussion with the gradual introduction of light-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise thereafter. Given the relatively recent transition in recommendations, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature on the efficacy of aerobic exercise following concussion. The current literature is limited to studies assessing the impact of standardized aerobic exercise following concussion. Upon review, literature suggests participating in aerobic exercise below the point of symptom exacerbation is safe in both the acute and chronic post-concussion symptom stages of recovery and does not delay time to medical clearance. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of aerobic exercise and differences between males and females would help support the current evidence suggesting aerobic exercise could improve time to recovery following concussion and identify any sex differences in response. As well, future studies with the purpose of identifying optimal aerobic exercise volume and intensity in the treatment of concussion could improve the specificity of the current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Cordingley
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3E4 Canada
- Applied Health Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Applied Health Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Centre for Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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29
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Chandran A, Moffit RE, DeJong Lempke AF, Boltz AJ, Alexander AS, Robison HJ, Kerr ZY, Collins CL, Wikstrom EA. Epidemiology of Lateral Ligament Complex Tears of the Ankle in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Sports: 2014-15 Through 2018-19. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:169-178. [PMID: 36592020 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221138281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of lateral ankle sprains in NCAA sports are important in appraising the burden of this injury and informing prevention efforts. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of lateral ankle sprains in NCAA sports during the 2014-15 through 2018-19 seasons. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Injury and exposure information collected within the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) were examined. Counts, rates, and proportions of lateral ankle sprains were used to describe injury incidence by sport, event type (practices, competitions), season segment (preseason, regular season, postseason), injury mechanism (player contact, noncontact, and surface contact, injury history (new, recurrent), and time loss (time loss [≥1 day], non-time loss). Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were used to examine differential injury rates, and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to examine differential distributions. RESULTS A total of 3910 lateral ankle sprains were reported (4.61 per 10,000 athlete exposures) during the study period, and the overall rate was highest in men's basketball (11.82 per 10,000 athlete exposures). The competition-related injury rate was higher than the practice-related rate (IRR, 3.24; 95% CI, 3.04-3.45), and across season segments, the overall rate was highest in preseason (4.99 per 10,000 athlete exposures). Lateral ankle sprains were most often attributed to player-contact mechanisms in men's (43.2%) and women's sports (35.1%), although injuries were more prevalently attributed to player contact in men's than in women's sports (IPR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13-1.34). Overall, 49.7% of all lateral ankle sprains were time loss injuries. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study are consistent with previous epidemiological investigations of lateral ankle sprains among NCAA athletes. Results offer additional context on differential injury mechanisms between men's and women's sports and on injury risk across the competitive season. Future research may examine the effectiveness of deploying injury prevention programs before the start of a season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reagan E Moffit
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexandra F DeJong Lempke
- Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary Yukio Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- Motion Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Mason J, Kniewasser C, Hollander K, Zech A. Intrinsic Risk Factors for Ankle Sprain Differ Between Male and Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ankle sprains remain prevalent across most team sports. However, despite divergent ankle sprain injury rates in male and female athletes, little is known about potential sex-specific risk factors for ankle sprain.
Objective
To systematically investigate the sex-specific risk factors for ankle sprain.
Methods
Combinations of the key terms were entered into PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, and prospective studies reporting ankle sprain risk factors in males or females were included for meta-analysis.
Results
Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion, for a total of 3636 athletes (735 female) and 576 ankle sprains (117 female). Out of 21 prognostic factors, previous ankle sprain injury (odds ratio = 2.74, P < .001), higher body mass index (SMD = 0.50, P < 0.001), higher weight (SMD = 0.24, P = 0.02), lower isometric hip abduction strength (SMD = − 0.52, P < 0.0001) and lower dynamic balance performance (SMD = − 0.48 to − 0.22, P < 0.001–0.04) were identified as risk factors in male athletes. In female athletes, out of 18 factors eligible for meta-analysis, only lower concentric dorsiflexion strength was identified as a risk factor (SMD = − 0.48, P = 0.005).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides novel evidence for different risk factor profiles for ankle sprain injuries between female and male athletes. Further studies, particularly in female athletes, are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Sex Differences in Range of Motion of Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112263. [PMID: 36421587 PMCID: PMC9690562 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoulder range of motion (ROM) adaptation is common observed among volleyball players, but studies on the shoulder joint function of adolescent athletes are lacking. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) among adolescent players and differences in ROM based on sex. A questionnaire survey and ROM measurements of the shoulder joint and trunk using a plastic goniometer were conducted on 123 volleyball players (63 males and 60 females; mean age, 15.8 years). The prevalence of GIRD was investigated for internal rotation differences of >10° and total rotation motion of <5°. Questionnaire items and ROM were compared between GIRD and non-GIRD patients, and sex differences in ROM were also presented. Of the participants, 38.2% (n = 47/123) had GIRD. The GIRD group showed a decrease in external rotation on the dominant side (p = 0.003, 1 − beta = 0.84), but this was not associated with a history of shoulder injury. Sex differences in shoulder ROM showed hypomobility in males and hypermobility in females. However, there was no association between shoulder injury and GIRD among adolescent players. There are sex differences in ROM, which should be considered in future studies.
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32
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Barendrecht M, Tak I, Barten C, Verhagen E. Contribution of sex, sports and activity types and curriculum load distribution to intracurricular injury risk in physical education teacher education: a cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001415. [PMID: 36213759 PMCID: PMC9535192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the influence of sports/activity types and their distribution over the curriculum years on intracurricular injury risk differences between curriculum years and sexes in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) studies. Methods In a cohort study over 14 years (2000-2014), injuries reported at the medical facility of a Dutch vocational institute by PETE students who completed their full curriculum were registered. Intracurricular injury rates (IR) per 1000 hours and 95% CIs were calculated per sport, sex and curriculum year and compared with injury rate ratios (RR) and 95% CI. Exposure times per sports category per curriculum year were compared with the χ2 test. Results Intracurricular IR was highest for gymnastics, team ball sports and track and field (0.76-1.23, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.45). IRs were higher for female compared with male students (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.97 to 2.87). Comparisons for all individual sports and for all three curriculum years showed the same pattern. IR for the first year was higher than for the second (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.21) and third year (RR 2.74, 95% CI 2.13 to 3.54) with similar patterns for all sports categories. Over the curriculum years, exposure time distributions per sport showed small differences (p<0.001, Cramer's V=0.07). Conclusion Curriculum year, sex and sports types are risk factors to be independently targeted for preventive and rehabilitative measures in PETE studies. The nature and aetiology of injuries in mixed sports, and the adaption to increased loads in first-year and female PETE students, need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Barendrecht
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MSPT, Avans University of Applied Science, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Tak
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carl Barten
- Academie voor Sportstudies, Haagsche Hogeschool, Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Sportgeneeskunde Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, South Africa
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Maupin DJ, Canetti EFD, Schram B, Lockie RG, Dawes JJ, Dulla JM, Orr RM. Profiling the injuries of law enforcement recruits during academy training: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:136. [PMID: 35858859 PMCID: PMC9297584 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Injuries within law enforcement are a significant issue as they increase organisational costs and workforce strain. As one of the biggest risk factors of future injury is previous injury, minimising injuries suffered during academy has multiple beneficial and long-term effects, including a healthier and fitter police force. The purpose of this study was to profile the injuries sustained at a law enforcement academy to inform future injury mitigation strategies. Methods Injury data were provided retrospectively (from May 2012 to September 2019) from the official insurance records of a law enforcement academy and included nature, location, and activity performed at time of injury. A total of 4340 (3288 males, 938 females, 114 sex not stated) recruits participated in academy training during this period. Inclusion criteria for the data were (a) injury record related to a recruit, and (b) the recruit was injured during academy training., with injury defined as tissue damage caused by acute or repetitive trauma, inclusive of musculoskeletal, neural, and/or integumentary systems but excluding general medical conditions such as cardiac (e.g. heart attacks) or respiratory (asthma) that was subsequently reported for worker’s compensation. Injury incidence rates and proportions were calculated and a Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted between injury rates over successive classes. Results An injury incidence rate of 368.63 injuries per 1000 recruits per year was calculated in this population, with a moderate correlation coefficient (rs = 0.60) of increasing injury rates over chronologically occurring classes. Females also had higher injury rates than male recruits, even across various fitness levels. Trauma to joints and ligaments (49.30%) was the most common injury, and the knee the most common location (23.17%) of injury. Physical training (56.10%) was the most common activity being performed at the time of injury. Conclusions This research demonstrates a large number of lower limb, musculoskeletal injuries that often occur during physical training. Further research is needed to assess suitable injury mitigation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J Maupin
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.
| | - Elisa F D Canetti
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Robert G Lockie
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - J Jay Dawes
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.,OSU Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Joseph M Dulla
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Rob M Orr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.,Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia
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34
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Nassis GP, Brito J, Tomás R, Heiner-Møller K, Harder P, Kryger KO, Krustrup P. Elite women's football: Evolution and challenges for the years ahead. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32 Suppl 1:7-11. [PMID: 34882847 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George P Nassis
- Physical Education Department, College of Education (CEDU), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Tomás
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Katrine Okholm Kryger
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.,Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,College of Sport Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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