The first multiplication atom-bond connectivity index of molecular structures in drugs

Updated Pharmacological Effects of Total Phenolic Acid on the Meningeal Microcirculation in Mice

Objective

To investigate the effects of total phenolic acid on meningeal microcirculation in mice.

Methods

A total of 84 healthy mice were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, the positive control Western medicine group, the positive control Chinese medicine group, and the large, medium, and small doses of the total phenolic acid group, with 12 rats in each group. The corresponding drug was given to the group once a day for one week, and the litter was changed at 9 : 00 on the 6th day, and the water fasted. On the 7th day, the groups continued to be administered and weighed. After 1 h, the percentage of decrease in the perfusion of the mice was measured.

Results

Compared with the blank group, the percentage of perfusion decreased significantly in the model group, indicating that the model was successful. Compared with the model group, the nimodipine group, the Naoluotong group, and the high-dose succulent total phenolic acid group were perfused. The percentage of decrease was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the percentage of perfusion decreased in the middle and small doses of the total phenolic acid group (P < 0.05), indicating that the percentage of mice perfused decreased by the administration of each group.

Conclusion

Total phenolic acid can reduce the percentage of mean perfusion of microcirculation in animals and reduce brain damage.

Distance based and bond additive topological indices of certain repurposed antiviral drug compounds tested for treating COVID-19

The entire world is struggling to control the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) as there are no proper drugs for treating the disease. Under clinical trials, some of the repurposed antiviral drugs have been applied to COVID-19 patients and reported the efficacy of the drugs with the diverse inferences. Molecular topology has been developed in recent years as an influential approach for drug design and discovery in which molecules that are structurally related show similar pharmacological properties. It permits a purely mathematical description of the molecular structure so that in the development of identification of new drugs can be found through adequate topological indices. In this paper, we study the structural properties of the several antiviral drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, theaflavin, nafamostat, camostat, umifenovir and bevacizumab by considering the distance and bond measures of chemical compounds. Our quantitative values of the topological indices are extremely useful in the recent development of designing new drugs for COVID-19.

Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet

The effects of the administration of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) dietary fiber (BSDF) on high-fat diet (HDF) induced hyperlipidemia were studied with SD rat models. The results indicated that the body weight of rats and the mass of their adipose tissue were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after the combination treatment of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 30.20%, 53.28% and 35.63%, respectively, compared to those of the model group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 of the SDF + IDF group were also significantly lower than those of the HDF model group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the perirenal fat percentage and body fat percentage in the SDF + IDF group were reduced by 31.61% and 25.09%, respectively. IDF exhibited better hypolipidemic ability than SDF in HFD induced rats at the same dose, while SDF and IDF showed a synergistic hyperlipidemia prevention effect. The mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis genes SREBP-1c and FAS were significantly down-regulated by SDF + IDF treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that BSDF composed of IDF and SDF, with potential hypolipidemic effects, could be used in the production of health-beneficial food.

Gibberellin disturbs the balance of endogenesis hormones and inhibits adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla through regulating gene expression related to hormone synthesis

The adventitious roots of some plants will develop into tuberous roots which are widely used in many traditional Chinese medicines, including Pseudostellaria heterophylla. If adventitious root development is inhibited, the yield of Chinese medicinal materials will be reduced. Gibberellic acid is an important phytohormone that promotes plant growth and increases the resistance to drought, flood or disease. However, the effects of gibberellic acid on adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla are not clear. Here, we reports GA3 suppressed adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by disturbing the balance of endogenesis hormones. By detecting the contents of various endogenous hormones, we found that the development of adventitious roots negatively correlated with the content of CA3 in tuberous roots. Exogenous GA3 treatment decreased the diameter of adventitious roots, but increased the length of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. In contrast, blocking the biosynthesis of GA3 suppressed stem growth and promoted the xylem of tuberous roots development. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment resulted in imbalance of endogenesis hormones by regulating their synthesis-related genes expression in xylem of tuberous roots. These results suggest GA3 broke the established distribution of hormones by regulating synthesis, transport and biological activation of hormones to activate the apical meristem and suppress lateral meristem. Regulating GA3 signaling during adventitious roots development would be one of the possible ways to increase the yield of P. heterophylla.

Protective effects of sulforaphane and aerobic exercise on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

Objective

The paper intends to study the protective effects of sulforaphane (SF) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice by intragastric administration of SF, aerobic exercise and the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise.

Methodology

60 NIH mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of equal number according to their body weight and were intragastrically administrated with 50% ethanol. The serum and liver indexes of each group of mice were detected, and the liver was stained with oil red O for pathological examination.

Results

Compared with the model group, the serum TG and the ratio of liver to body weight of the model mice that suffered from acute alcoholic hepatic injury could be significantly decreased in the group that practiced aerobic exercise, the group administered with SF, and the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise (P < 0.05). The contents of TG and MDA in liver could be significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD activity could be significantly increased (P < 0.05) both in the group administered with SF and the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise. Serum VLDL (P < 0.05) could also be significantly reduced in the group treated with the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise.

Conclusion

Both SF and aerobic exercise could alleviate alcohol-induced acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice possibly thanks to the working mechanism related to antioxidant stress that reduced the harm posed by alcohol on hepatic cells. In addition, the protective effect of SF on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice was stronger than that of aerobic exercise, while the approach of SF integrated with aerobic exercise had the strongest protective effect on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice.

Asperosaponin VI inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating PPAR-γ pathway in primary microglia

Microglia cells are the main mediators of neuroinflammation. Activation of microglia often aggravates the pathological process of various neurological diseases. Natural chemicals have unique advantages in inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and improving neuronal function. Here, we examined the effects of asperosaponin VI (ASA VI) on LPS-activated primary microglia. Microglia were isolated from mice and pretreated with different doses of ASA VI, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Activation and inflammatory response of microglia cells were evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. We found that the ASA VI inhibited the morphological expansion of microglia cells, decreased the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, and promoted the expression of antiinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. ASA VI also activated PPAR-γ signaling pathway in LPS-treated microglia. The anti-inflammatory effects of ASA VI in microglia were blocked by treating PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662). These results showed that ASA VI promote the transition of microglia cells from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory by regulating PPAR-γ pathway.

Degree-based topological indices and polynomials of hyaluronic acid-curcumin conjugates

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) represents quantitative correlation of chemical structural features called as molecular descriptors and pharmacological activity as response endpoints. Topological index is a molecular descriptor extensively used to study QSAR of pharmaceuticals to assess their molecular characteristics by numerical computation. Theoretical assessment of drug like molecules helps to expedite the drug design and discovery process by rationalizing the lead identification, lead optimization and understanding their mechanism of actions. Therefore, in this article, we have computed the general inverse sum indeg index, ISIα,β of Hyaluronic acid-curcumin conjugates by using molecular structure analysis and edge partitioning technique. Many standard topological indices are obtained as a special case of ISIα,β. We also proposed general inverse sum indeg polynomial ISIα,β(Gn,x) of Hyaluronic acid-curcumin conjugates from which many well-known polynomials are deduced.

Method for accurate diagnose of lupus erythematosus skin lesions based on microbial rDNA sequencing

This study used microbial rDNA sequencing for accurate detection of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) skin lesions. 20 lupus erythematosus dermatology patients and 20 healthy persons were selected as experimental group and control group. Feces and serum of the subjects were sampled in sterile environment. Serum samples were examined for anti dsDNA antibodies. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16 s rDNA high-throughput sequencing, using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 sequencing platform. The results suggested that positive rate of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Significant difference of intestinal microbiome was spotted between the two groups in phylum (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes) and genus level (Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Lachnospira, Turicibacter, Bifidobacterium). The different intestinal microbiomes existing in healthy people and patients can provide a strong tool for accurate diagnose of lupus erythematosus.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Plesiastrea versipora (Scleractinia, Plesiastreidae) sheds light on its phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Plesiastreidae

The genus Plesiastrea used to be a member of the traditional family Faviidae, falling into the challenging 'Bigmessidae' clade, and was re-established until recent molecular phylogenies published. The entire mitogenome of the symbiotic coral Plesiastrea versipora (Lamarck, 1816), the type species of the family Plesiastreidae, was sequenced. The length of the mitochondrial genome is 15,320 bp and it includes thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs and two tRNAs. The nucleotide composition of GC is 32%. We perform phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis(BI) using all PCGs. Our result indicates that P. versipora clusters closely with species which belong to Mussidae, Merulinidae and Lobophylliidae. Our phylogenetic analyses provide solid evidence for phylogenetic placement of P. versipora and the evolutionary relationships among different families within the traditional robust clade of Scleractinia. In addition, the mitogenome data provide useful information for further molecular systematic investigations on Plesiastreidae as well as conservation biology research of P. versipora.

Apoptotic Potential and Chemical Composition of Jordanian Propolis Extract against Different Cancer Cell Lines

Propolis is a resinous substance that is collected by Apis mellifera from plant sources and is used in traditional medicine. To study the phytochemical constituents and apoptotic potential of Jordanian propolis extract against different cancer cell lines, propolis was extracted using methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate and was fractionated using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT and LDH assays. The apoptotic potential was investigated using florescence microscopy, multicaspase assay, Annexin-V and dead cell assay, and cell cycle assay. The phytochemical constituents were analyzed using GC-MS. The methanol extract of propolis exhibited cytotoxic potential against all cell lines tested. The IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract were 47.4, 77.8, 91.2, and 145.0 μg/ml for HepG2, LoVo, MDAMB231, and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the F1 fraction were 31.6 (MDAMB231), 38.9 (HepG2), 36.7 (LoVo) and 75.5 (MCF7) μg/ml. On further purification using thin-layer chromatography, the IC₅₀ values of the F1-3 fraction were found to be 84.31(HepG2), 79.2 (MCF7), 70.4 (LoVo), and 68.9 (MDAMB231) μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer potential of the F1 fraction was confirmed through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The GC-MS analysis of the F1 fraction revealed the presence of 3-methyl-4- isopropylphenol (29.44%) as a major constituent. These findings indicate the potential of propolis extract as a cancer therapy. However, further investigation is required to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the most active fraction.

Valency-Based Descriptors for Silicon Carbides, Bismuth(III) Iodide, and Dendrimers in Drug Applications

Silicon carbide (SiC), also called carborundum, is a semiconductor containing silicon and carbon. Dendrimers are repetitively branched molecules that are typically symmetric around the core and often adopt a spherical three-dimensional morphology. Bismuth(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black solid is the product of the reaction between bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis. In chemical graph theory, we associate a graph to a compound and compute topological indices that help us in guessing properties of the understudy compound. A topological index is the graph invariant number, calculated from a graph representing a molecule. Most of the proposed topological indices are related either to a vertex adjacency relationship (atom-atom connectivity) in the graph or to topological distances in the graph. In this paper, we aim to compute the first and second Gourava indices and hyper-Gourava indices for silicon carbides, bismuth(III) iodide, and dendrimers.

Molecular Topological Properties of Alkylating Agents Based Anticancer Drug Candidates Via Some Ve-degree Topological Indices

Background:

Reckoning molecular topological indices of drug structures gives the data about the underlying topology of these drug structures. Novel anticancer drugs have been leading by researchers to produce ideal drugs.

Materials and Methods:

Pharmacological properties of these new drug agents explored by utilizing simulation strategies. Topological indices additionally have been utilized to research pharmacological properties of some drug structures. Novel alkylating agents based anticancer drug candidates and ve-degree molecular topological indices have been introduced recently.

Results and Conclusion:

In this study we calculate ve-degree atom-bond connectivity, harmonic, geometric-arithmetic and sum-connectivity molecular topological indices for the newly defined alkylating agents based dual-target anticancer drug candidates.

Progress of ethylene action mechanism and its application on plant type formation in crops

The plant hormone ethylene exerts a huge influence in the whole life cycle of plants, especially stress-resistance responses. With the development of functional genomics, that the action mechanism of ethylene takes part in mediated plant architecture has been clarified gradually, such as plant roots, stems, leaves, fiber elongation and so on. Accordingly, the application of ethylene on crops chemical control and genetic improvement is greatly expanded. From the view of ethylene mediated plant architecture in crops, here reviewed advances in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway, stress-resistance responses and the yield potential enhance of crops in recently 20 years. On these grounds, the objectives of this paper were to provide scientific reference and a useful clue for the crop creation of ideal plant type.

Anti-CD47 antibody eliminates bone tumors in rats

Bone tumor is a rare heterogeneous malignancy. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor with no apparent underlying pathogenesis, and its peak incidence often occurs during puberty. The intensive application of chemotherapy rarely alters the poor prognosis of the patients in advanced stage. Despite intensive chemotherapy in clinical practice, patients still suffer from the poor prognosis, or even progression of bone tumor. We identified integrin-associated protein (IAP) Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) as a target for monoclonal antibody, and use anti-CD47 antibody to block its expression in bone tumors. CD47 was highly expressed in the bone tumor rats when comparing to the healthy rats. Likewise, Western blotting assay revealed a higher protein expression of CD47 in the bone tumor cells when compared to the normal osteoblasts. Further studies have shown the association between the mRNA expression of CD47 and the disordered bone tumors development and decreased rate of overall survival of diseased rats. In addition, blocking the CD47 monoclonal antibody has been shown to drive macrophages to engulf bone tumor cells in vitro and thus inhibiting tumor metastasis in rats. Taken together, the results of this study suggested that CD47 is a key regulator of bone tumor cell metastasis and that targeting inhibition of anti-CD47 may be a new immunotherapy for bone tumors.

Efficient polysaccharides from Crinum asiaticum L.'s structural characterization and anti-tumor effect

In this study, an efficient polysaccharide, named CAL-n (Crinum asiaticum L.-n) was isolated and purified from Crinum asiaticum L for the first time, Mw(molecular weight) of 730,000 Da. CAL-n comprised Rha(rhamnose), Sor(sorbose), Gal(galactose) and Glu(glucosein) the molar ratio of 1:61.6:1.66:4.74. The chemical structure of CAL-n was studied by Infrared spectrum and GC–MS(Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer) analysis. Experimental results reflected, that the backbone of CAL-n comprised (1 → 2), (1 → 6), (1 → 3) beta-pyran glycoside bond, without (1 → 4) beta-pyran glycoside bond. In addition, an MTT assay indicated that the growth of HepG₂ cells was affected by CAL-n, with a concentration dependant ration. The results indicated that CAL-n should by exploration as anti-tumor activities in vivo.

Useful Irregularity Indices in QSPR Study for Bismuth Tri-Iodide

Topological indices give us a mathematical language to study molecular structures. They convert a chemical compound into a single number which foresees properties, for example, boiling points, viscosity, and the radius of gyrations. Drugs and other chemical compounds are often modeled as various polygonal shapes, trees, and graphs. In this paper, we will compute some irregularity indices for bismuth tri-iodide chain and sheet that are useful in the quantitative structure-activity relationship.

Inhibition mechanism of lung cancer cell metastasis through targeted regulation of Smad3 by miR-15a

Effect of targeted regulation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) by microRNA-15a (miR-15a) on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its related mechanisms were investigated. Fifty pairs of NSCLC and para-cancerous tissues were collected to identify the expression level of miR-15a in NSCLC, para-cancerous tissue, and cell lines A549, H1299, H1975 and BEAS-2B by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR); A549 cells were transfected with miR-15a mimic; the MTT assay was performed to detect the role of miR-15a transfection in proliferation of A549 cells, the wound healing assay was carried out to identify the role of miR-15a in migration of A549 cells; Transwell invasion assay was conducted to analyze the role of miR-15a in invasion of A549 cells; western blotting was carried out to find the effect of miR-15a on Smad3 expression, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between miR-15a and Smad3 expression. NSCLC tissues and cells showed significantly lower miR-15a expression, compared with para-cancerous tissues and normal cell lines (P=0.023). miR-15a was significantly more expressed in A549 cells transfected with miR-15a mimic (P=0.043). Overexpression of miR-15a can significantly inhibit A549 cell proliferation (P=0.038), migration (P=0.033) and invasion (P=0.025), and significantly reduced the expression level of Smad3 (P=0.031) in A549 cells. Spearman's rank correlation showed negative correlation of miR-15a expression with Smad3, which may indicate negative regulation (r=−0.34, P<0.0001). Inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells can be achieved with targeted regulation of Smad3 by miR-15a.

Irregularity Indices of Dendrimer Structures Used as Molecular Disrupter in QSAR Study

Dendrimers are rising polymeric structures known for their flexibility in medication conveyance and high usefulness, whose properties are same biomolecules. These nanostructured macromolecules have shown potential capacities in capturing as well as conjugating the high subatomic weight hydrophilic/hydrophobic substances by host-visitor collaborations and covalent holding (prodrug approach) individually. In quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), topological indices are utilized to gather properties of dendrimers. Topological indices catch symmetry of dendrimer structures and give it a logical reasoning to predict properties, for instance, viscosity, boiling points, the radius of gyrations, etc. In this report, we intend to examine dendrimers through irregularity indices that are valuable in QSPR studies. We studied sixteen irregularity indices if diverse dendrimer structures.

Response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasonic assisted extraction of flavonoids from Crinum asiaticum

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid from Crinum asiaticum was studied through response surface methodology (RSM) to gain the best extraction process of flavonoid and enhance the extraction rate of flavonoid. In the following RSM experiment, we selected the corresponding data of every factor as the center point through the single-factor experiments, then the experimental data was subjected to multiple regression analysis. According to the statistical analysis results, the results were consistent with the polynomial regression model, the determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9769. The best conditions for maximum flavonoid yield were 60% ethanol concentration, 64 °C for extraction temperature, 1:28 (v/w) solid-to-liquid ratio with extraction time for 47 min. The best response of flavonoid yield was 1.63972%. The predicted results for best reaction conditions were in good agreement with experiment values. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method can enhance the extraction rate of flavonoid significantly. It is a powerful tool to extract of important phytochemicals from nature plant.

Construction of a mitochondrial-associated protein DRP1 and a lung cancer-associated protein Erbb4 combined regulatory network

Objective

This research was to establish a mitochondrial-related Drp1 gene and a lung cancer-related Erbb4 gene to participate in the regulatory network of lung cancer cell apoptosis, and to provide theoretical support for mitochondria to participate in tumor regulation.

Method

The GO and KEGG methods were used to construct the regulatory networks of lung cancer related Drp1 and Erbb4 proteins that involved in the apoptosis of tumor cells, and to combine with the Bayesian network theory to screen out the largest possible action path acting on this network; The information about Drp1 in Oncomine database was collected, and the data in current database were analyzed twice. The role of Drp1 in lung cancer was meta-analyzed.

Result

A regulatory network of Drp1 and Erbb4 involved in the apoptosis of tumor cells was successfully constructed; the optimal pathway was optimized using Bayesian theory; a total of 446 different types of research results were collected in the Oncomine database, of which there were 18 studies with statistical differences in Drp1 expression, 13 studies with increased Drp1’s expression, and 5 studies with decreased expression. Compared with the control group, Drp1 was expressed in lung cancer tissues highly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Establishment and optimization of mitochondrial-related Drp1 and tumor-related Erbb4 genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis of cancer cells. It was proposed that Drp1 was expressed in lung cancer tissues highly through in-depth excavation of tumor-associated gene information in the Oncomine gene chip database.

Biosafety, and improvement of osteoporosis in cage layers through using chOPG protein

Thirty six 56-week-old ISA cage layers were divided into two groups randomly. The cage layers in control group (12 birds) and experiment group (24 birds) were respectively injected with 300 µL sodium chloride and 300 μg eucaryon recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG. Eighty 56-week-old ISA cage layers were divided into group A, B, C and D randomly. Group A is for control group, while plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG was injected to B, C, D groups in muscle at the dosage of 200 μg, 400 μg, 600 μg at 57, 59, 61, 63th weeks respectively. After the detection on the expression of chOPG protein after 3 h, it reached the peak at 7 d and then fell down. After 28 d, nothing was detected in the injected skeletal muscles. The other organs did not express exogenous chOPG protein. Plasmid in liver had the fastest metabolism. The pathological effects in main organs were not observed by histological section. The concentration of plasma calcium in B, C and D groups significantly decreased, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly improved, compared to control group. The total average value of abnormal and broken eggs of group C, D was significantly higher than those of group A. The bone biomechanical property and bone radiographic density of tibia and femur in experiment group were significantly higher than control group. Therefore, one conclusion is drawn that the expression of chOPG from foreign plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG have contribute to bone formation, chOPG can increase bone density and strength by inhibiting bone resorption. Nevertheless, it was cleared out from cellular system in a short-term after intramuscular injection and cannot integrate into host chromosome genomic in cage layers. There were no pathological effects observed in the main tissues. It is believed that 200 μg plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-chOPG should be within the safe range for application, because it can improve bone metabolism and will not affect the production of cage layer during the post cycle.

The biotrophy-associated secreted protein 4 (BAS4) participates in the transition of Magnaporthe oryzae from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase

The physiological and metabolic processes of host plants are manipulated and remodeled by phytopathogenic fungi during infection, revealed obvious signs of biotrophy of the hemibiotrophic pathogen. As we known that effector proteins play key roles in interaction of hemibiotrophic fungi and their host plants. BAS4 (biotrophy-associated secreted protein 4) is an EIHM (extrainvasive hyphal membrane) matrix protein that was highly expressed in infectious hyphae. In order to study whether BAS4 is involved in the transition of rice blast fungus from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase, The susceptible rice cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) that were pre-treated with prokaryotic expression product of BAS4 and then followed with inoculation of the blast strain, more serious blast disease symptom, more biomass such as sporulation and fungal relative growth, and lower expression level of pathogenicity-related genes appeared in lesion of the rice leaves than those of the PBS-pretreated-leaves followed with inoculation of the same blast strain, which demonstrating that BAS4 invitro changed rice defense system to facilitate infection of rice blast strain. And the susceptible rice cultivar (LTH) were inoculated withBAS4-overexpressed blast strain, we also found more serious blast disease symptom and more biomass also appeared in lesion of leaves inoculated with BAS4-overexpressed strain than those of leaves inoculated with the wild-type strain, and expression level of pathogenicity-related genes appeared lower in biotrophic phase and higher in necrotrophic phase of infection, indicating BAS4 maybe in vivo regulate defense system of rice to facilitate transition of biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our data demonstrates that BAS4 in vitro and in vivo participates in transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase of Magnaporthe oryzae.

Effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome rat models induced by DHEA combined HCG

AIMS

Explore the effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

METHODS

Except the blank group, the rest of the rats were injected with DHEA 6 mg/100 g on the back of the neck and 1.5 IU HCG each day, for 21 consecutive days. On the 16th day of modeling, vaginal smear was performed to select the model rats, which were randomly divided into model group, dacin-35 group, large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups, and given the medicine for three weeks. At the end of the last administration, take samples, so as to calculate the ovaries and uterus indexes, measure serum LH/FSH ratio, P, PRL and INS levels, fixed the uterus and pancreas in 10% formalin solution and stained with HE to observe the morphological changes of the organs. And measure the expression of TNF-α and IGF-l proteins in ovaries by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Compared with the blank group, ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α and IGF-l protein expression were significantly increased, and significant pathological changes were observed in the uterine and pancreatic tissues in model group (P < 0.01). While the serum P level decreased significantly (P < 0.01), Compared with the model group, the ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum P, PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α protein expression were significantly decreased in large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups (P < 0.01); The expression of IGF-1 protein was decreased and uterus pathological changes were improved in different extents (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), pancreas pathological changes were improved significantly (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

PCOS rat models was successfully replicated. Dodder total flavone can protect PCOS rats induced by DHEA combined HCG by different action pathways.

Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment

A large number of medical experiments have confirmed that the features of drugs have a close correlation with their molecular structure. Drug properties can be obtained by studying the molecular structure of corresponding drugs. The calculation of the topological index of a drug structure enables scientists to have a better understanding of the physical chemistry and biological characteristics of drugs. In this paper, we focus on Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel conjugates which are widely used in the manufacture of anticancer drugs. Several topological indices are determined by virtue of the edge-partition method, and our results remedy the lack of medicine experiments, thus providing a theoretical basis for pharmaceutical engineering.

Effects of phenolic acids from ginseng rhizosphere on soil fungi structure, richness and diversity in consecutive monoculturing of ginseng

Ginseng yield and quality are seriously compromised by consecutive monoculturing in northeastern China. The imbalance of soil fungi communities and autotoxicity of ginseng are the major factors in consecutive monoculturing ginseng crops. Soil fungal communities were identified using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, applied to soils that consecutively cultured ginseng (CCG) for six years and new forest soil (NFS), or receiving application of phenolic acids (PAs). The CCG field received five treatments with five different phenolic acids, including gallic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PA), benzoic acid (BA) and cinnamic acid (CA), which were detected from ginseng rhizosphere in consecutive cropping soil. Fungal richness, fungi diversity, community composition, relative taxon abundances, root rot disease, and growth rate were compared among the different treatments. 579 fungal operational taxonomic units at 97% ITS sequence identity were found among 201,617 sequence reads derived from 18 separate soil samples. Members of the phylum Ascomycota dominated the soil fungal communities, and putative pathogens, such as Fusarium, Gibberella and Nectriaceae_unclassified which may include the abundant sexual morph of Cylindrocarpon destructans, showed higher relative abundances in the CCG fields. Compared to the CCG and NFS fields, PAs (except CA) enhanced the fungi richness and decreased fungi diversity. Cluster analysis indicated that the PAs (except CA) changed the fungi structure in a uniform way. PAs stimulate root rot disease and enhance disease severity, restricting plant growth. The results suggest that the PAs (except CA) may enhance the fungi richness, decrease the fungi diversity and changed the fungi structure to increase fungal pathogen loads, which could explain the declined yield and quality of ginseng in consecutively monocultured ginseng crops.

Computations of the M-Polynomials and Degree-Based Topological Indices for Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains

Topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties like boiling point, stability, and strain energy of chemical compounds. In this report, we compute M-polynomials for PAMAM dendrimers and polyomino chains. Moreover, by applying calculus, we compute nine important topological indices of under-study dendrimers and chains.

Clinical significance of analysis of the level of blood fat, CRP and hemorheological indicators in the diagnosis of elder coronary heart disease

Objective

To investigate the levels of blood fat, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemorheological indicators in the elder patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), so as to provide evidence for prospective study and treatment of elder CHD.

Methods

We collected the clinical data of 127 elder CHD patients who admitted to this hospital between July 2016 and December 2017 to detect the levels of blood fat, CRP and hemorheological indicators.

Results

In elder CHD patients, levels of the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) were significantly higher than the normal reference, and comparison with the control group also showed significant increases (p < 0.01); average levels of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C), phospholipid (PL), lipoprotein a [LP (a)] and free fatty acid were in the range of normal reference. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were identified in 59.06%, 58.27%, 51.18% and 18.11% of the elder CHD patients, most of which were concomitant with obesity or hypertension, and levels of these indicators were significantly higher than those in the control group with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Comparisons of the age, gender distribution, hypotension, exercise and sleep showed that differences had no statistical significance (p > 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the levels of CRP, the whole blood viscosities at high and low shears, plasma viscosity, hematocrit value, aggregation index and rigidity index of red blood cells (RBC) were all higher than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance (p < 0.01). However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), deformity index of RBC, blood flow rates in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCA), anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), terminal internal carotid artery (TICA), posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), vertebral arteries (VA) and basilar artery (BA) were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance (p < 0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusion

In elder CHD patients, anomaly is mainly seen in levels of TC, TG and LDL-C with concentrated, adhesive and aggregating blood.

Calculating the Degree-based Topological Indices of Dendrimers

Topological indices capture the symmetry of molecular structures and provide a mathematical language to predict properties such as boiling points, viscosity, the radius of gyrations etc. [1]. We compute some newly developed topological indices of Porphyrin, Propyl Ether Imine, Zinc-Porphyrin and Poly(EThyleneAmidoAmine) Dendrimers. The results are plotted using Maple 2015 software to see the dependence on the involved structural parameters.

Effect of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis-related protein expression in vivo and in vitro

Artemisinin is the first-line drugs for the treatment of malaria. In recent years, a large number of reports showed that artemisinin exhibit anti-tumor activity. In this study, we used C6 glioma cells and rat C6 brain-glioma model to study anti-tumor activity of artemisinin in vivo and in vitro. We found that artemisinin inhibited the proliferation in C6 cells and induced cell cycle arrest and a caspase-3-dependent cell apoptosis. It also inhibited the growth of C6 brain-glioma in vivo and enhanced living state of rat brain-glioma model. These results suggested that artemisinin had significant anti-tumor activities on C6 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Artemisinin might be exploited as a promising clinical anti-cancer drug in future.

Involvement of erbB4 and tumor marker genes in renal carcinoma regulatory network

Background

Renal carcinoma is a common urologic tumor, and there is no ideal tumor marker for clinical diagnosis except for imaging diagnosis. This study aims to screen the serum tumor markers closely related with the benign and malignant of renal carcinoma out and chart out the regulatory network that involves renal carcinoma-related genes.

Methods

Based on 96 pathologically diagnosed renal cancer patients, factors strongly linked to renal carcinoma character were selected using Fisher discriminant analysis. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were utilized to manipulate function annotation of erbB4 and the selected genes and pathway analysis.

Results

Four essential tumor markers CYFRA21-1, CA125, VHL and HIF-1β were successfully screened out. Using GO and KEGG databases, the regulatory network of renal cancer cell escaping apoptosis was charted out on the basis of erbB4 signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Serum tumor marker genes play a certain part in the genesis and development of renal carcinoma. We preliminarily illustrated the molecular mechanism of these markers to predict tumor, laying a foundation for further exploration in renal carcinoma.

Expression level of fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) in the peripheral blood of primary hypertension and its clinical significance

OBJECTIVE

To explore the expression level of FGF5 in the peripheral blood of primary hypertension patients and its clinical significance.

METHODS

The 34 patients with primary hypertension treated in this hospital from June 2012 to June 2014 were selected as the observation group, while the 25 patients at this hospital who had physical exam with heathy results were selected as control group. Venous blood was drawn early in the morning after an overnight fast. FGF5, mRNA and protein level changes in the peripheral blood cells and peripheral blood serum were analyzed by real-time fluorescence based quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FGF5 gene SNP (rs16998073) were amplified by PCR and inserted into T vector, and its genetic variation were analyzed by sequencing. The relationship of FGF5 protein levels and genetic variation with diastolic/systolic blood pressure was also analyzed.

RESULTS

Comparing with the control group, the observation group's FGF5 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in the peripheral blood cells and peripheral blood. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Correlation analysis showed that FGF5 protein level and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were positively correlated (P < .05). T/A genetic variation of FGF5 gene SNP (rs16998073) and diastolic/systolic blood pressure were positively correlated (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

The FGF5 mRNA and protein expression levels of the patients with primary hypertension were abnormal and had genetic variation, which were associated with blood pressure of the patients with primary hypertension.

Effects of different components of Mao Dongqing’s total flavonoids and total saponins on transient ischemic attack (TIA) model of rats

Objective: To study the effects of the different components of the total flavonoids and total saponins from Mao Dongqing's active site on the rats of TIA model, determine the optimal reactive components ratio of Mao Dongqing on the rats of TIA. Methods: TIA rat model was induced by tail vein injection of tert butyl alcohol, the blank group was injected with the same amount of physiological saline, then behavioral score wasevaluated.

Determination the level of glutamic acid in serum, the activity of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, CA⁺⁺-ATP enzyme and Mg⁺⁺-ATP enzyme in Brain tissue, observe the changes of hippocampus in brain tissue, the comprehensive weight method was used to evaluate the efficacy of each component finally. Results: The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in the active part of Mao Dongqing can significantly improve the pathological changes of brain tissue in rats, improve the activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATP enzyme, Ca⁺⁺-ATP enzyme and Mg⁺⁺-ATP enzyme in the brain of rats, and reduce the level of glutamic acid in serum. The most significant of the contents was the ratio of 10:6. Conclusion: The different proportions of total flavonoids and total saponins in the active part of Mao Dongqing all has a better effect on the rats with TIA, and the ratio of 10:6 is the best active component for preventing and controlling TIA.

Effect of Zhen Qi Fu Zheng granules on the bone marrow depression model induced by Zidorf

Zidorf is a commonly used drug for the treatment of AIDS, the most common side effects of AZT was bone marrow depression. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Zhen Qi Fu Zheng (AQFZ) granules on the model of bone marrow depression induced by AZT. We showed that the high, medium and low doses of AQFZ granules could increase the number of WBC in the mice model induced by AZT, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01) compared with the model group. Each dose of AQFZ granules can increase the thymus cortex thickness, the number of thymus lymphocytes, spleen nodule size, the number of lymphocytes in the spleen (P < 0.01). The medium dose of AQFZ granules can also significantly improve the number of BMC in the bone marrow depression model (P < 0.01). As well as, the low dose of AQFZ granules can clearly increase the number of nucleated cells in a bone marrow (P < 0.05) and IL-2blood serum. So, AQFZ granules can improve and regulate the hemogram, bone marrow and immune level of bone marrow depression model induced by AZT.

M-Polynomials And Topological Indices Of Zigzag And Rhombic Benzenoid Systems

M-polynomial of different molecular structures helps to calculate many topological indices. This polynomial is a new idea and its beauty is the wealth of information it contains about the closed forms of degree-based topological indices of molecular graph G of the structure. It is a well-known fact that topological indices play significant role in determining properties of the chemical compound [1, 2, 3, 4]. In this article, we computed the closed form of M-polynomial of zigzag and rhombic benzenoid systemsbecause of their extensive usages in industry. Moreover we give graphs of M-polynomials and their relations with the parameters of structures.

The mechanisms and process of acephate degradation by hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron

The degradation process of acephate in aqueous solution with ^•OH and eaq− produced by ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation and electron pulse radiolysis was studied in the present paper. In the aqueous solution, acephate reacted with eaq− and transformed to transient species which can absorb weakly in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm and decay very fast. According to the decay of hydrated electron, the reaction rate constant of eaq− and acephate is (3.51 ± 0.076) × 10⁹ dm³·mol⁻¹·s⁻¹. The transient species produced in the reaction of ^•OH and acephate do not distinctly absorb the light in the wavelength range of 300–700 nm, so the decay and kinetics of the transient species cannot determinedirectly. The competing reaction of KSCN oracephate with ^•OH were studied to obtain the reaction rate constant of ^•OH and acephate, which is (9.1 ± 0.11) × 10⁸ dm³·mol⁻¹·s⁻¹. Although acetylamide and inorganic ions were determined in the products of the reaction of acephate with ^•OH or eaq−, the concentration of inorganic ions in the products of the reaction of acephate with ^•OH is higher than that in the product of the reaction of acephate with eaq−. Moreover, there were sulfide in the products of the reaction of acephatewith eaq−. The degradation pathways of acephate by ^•OH and eaq− were also proposed based on the products from GC-MS.

Effect of lipid lowering tablet on blood lipid in hyperlipidemia model rats

Observe the effect of lipid-lowering tablets on body weight, liver index and serum biochemical indexes of hyperlipidemia rats. The hyperlipidemia rat model was replicated successfully. Compared with the model group, high, medium and low dose lipid-lowering tablets group could significantly increase the body weight of rats with hyperlipidemia (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); High and middle dose lipid-lowering tablets group could significantly reduce the liver index of high fat rat (P < 0.01); High, medium and low dose lipid-lowering tablets group could significantly decrease levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP, Y-GT in serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and significantly increase the level of HDL-C (P < 0.01). Lipid-lowering tablets can effectively regulate the body lipid metabolism of rats, and have a certain therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.

Knocking down MiR-15a expression promotes the occurrence and development and induces the EMT of NSCLC cells in vitro

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major type of lung cancer, with the highest mortality rate in all cancers. For all stages of NSCLC, the five-year survival is less than fifteen percent. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a significant process in tumor occurrence and development, in which microRNAs may play an important role. In many cancers, microRNA-15's family member can act as suppressors or oncogenes of tumors; however, the relation between these microRNAs and EMT in lung cancer remains unclear. According to our study, miR-15a expression decreased in tumor tissues compared with than that in adjacent tissue samples. Knocking down miR-15a expression in NSCLC cells inhibited apoptosis and facilitated cell proliferation and invasion, and. Moreover, down-regulating miR-15a decreased the expression of an EMT-associated protein, E-cadherin, while increased those of vimentin, N-cadherin, and slug.

Application of fast track surgery in routine nursing for patient with colorectal cancer

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of fast track surgery (FTS) in perioperative nursing of colorectal cancer surgery. Background: In recent years, many complicated surgery began to develop in the direction of low invasion and short hospital time, which provides an unprecedented opportunity for the development of fast track surgery (FTS). Methods: According to different nursing measures, 156 cases of colorectal cancer patients treated in our hospital were divided into FTS nursing group (86 cases) and traditional nursing group (70 cases). FTS nursing care and traditional nursing care were respectively employed to analyze and compare postoperative recovery and complications of the two groups. Results: FTS nursing group was significantly shorter than the traditional care group in terms of the first postoperative exhaust time, the first defecation time, the first eating time, ambulation time and postoperative hospital time, with statistical significance (P < .05); compared with the conventional nursing group, FTS group significantly had lower incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction, lower limb vein thrombus formation and gastrointestinal discomfort, with statistical significance (P < .05); FTS group has less situations of nausea and vomiting, incision infection, pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection and anastomotic leakage compared to the conventional nursing group. Conclusion: FTS nursing can effectively promote the postoperative recovery of intestinal function for patients with colorectal cancer and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, which will relieve postoperative pain and shorten the length of stay, giving patients increased rehabilitation quality.

Repair of bone defect of the lateral forefoot by double segment triangular fibula flap with vascular pedicle: A case report

Objective: To expound the clinical effect of a new operation by transplanting double segment triangular fibula flap with vascular pedicle to repair the forefoot with lateral bone defect, and to study how to improve the operation method in the following stage. Methods: The inclusion criteria: More than 2 phalangeal and metatarsal bones defects of the lateral forefoot, widespread skin and soft tissue defects on pelma and dorsal foot, and destruction of the anterior aspect of foot arch, which seriously affects the foot function. There was one case of clinical application in November 2014. The repairing method is as followed: the harvested vascularized free fibula was cut into 2 segments and then they were folded into a right angle. According to selected control points on the residual metatarsals, an optimal stereo triangular net was constructed. Meanwhile, according to flow-through mode, the free anterolateral thigh flap was incorporated to repair the forefoot and foot arch. Results: Postoperative bone flaps all survived. After a 17-month following up, it was found that the grafted fibular healed well, shape of the foot was good, weight-bearing walking was practical, a slight limp and discomfort with plantar pain existed, sensory recovery reached S3 level and functional recovery of weight-bearing walking by forefoot reached W3 level, comprehensive evaluation was good, and there were wear scar and ulcer on the plantar flap during long-time walking for patients, such results were excellent according to foot function scoring criteria. Conclusion: In this operation the grafted fibula was fold into a triangle according to actual need, which though not completely restores the tridimensional structure of the longitudinal, transverse arches of the lateral foot makes weight-bearing walking possible, besides, its appearance and function is satisfactory. Such an operation has overcome the shortage of non-tridimensional structure of the transverse arch etc. in traditional operations and it should be an ideal operation in repairing serious defects on the lateral forefoot through further improvement.

Early predictive value of cord blood bilirubin and dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous bilirubin for hyperbilirubinemia of newborns

Objective

To study the early predictive value of cord blood bilirubin and dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous bilirubin for hyperbilirubinemia of newborns.

Methods

389 newborns delivered from June 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled as the research subjects; detailed records were made about the general data of newborns and mothers, and after cord blood bilirubin being graded, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia was counted, and the prediction efficiency of cord blood bilirubin was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. At the same time, the transcutaneous bilirubin was detected continuously when the neonate was born and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after birth, and the relativity between transcutaneous bilirubin at 72 h and serum bilirubin was analyzed.

Results

No significant difference was found in the hyperbilirubinemia group and the non-hyperbilirubinemia group concerning general data of the newborns and their mothers. With the concentration of cord blood bilirubin increased, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia also increased; separate prediction of hyperbilirubinemia by cord blood bilirubin showed a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 65.6% respectively, and they need further dynamic monitoring. The daily mean of transcutaneous bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that in non-hyperbilirubinemia group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and the measurement value of transcutaneous bilirubin at 72 h had a high correlation with serum bilirubin. When transcutaneous bilirubin value is higher than 18, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia should be considered.

Conclusions

The increase of cord blood bilirubin effectively predict the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. There is a good correlation between levels of transcutaneous bilirubin and serum bilirubin. Moreover, combined detection of transcutaneous bilirubin and cord blood bilirubin can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of hyperbilirubinemia.

Effects of different cultivation material formulas on the growth and quality of Morchella spp

To study the effects of different cultivation material formulas on the growth and quality of Morchella spp. With the cultivated species strains extracted from wild Morchella spp. in Diebu County, Gannan Prefecture as experimental materials, an experiment was designed and the data then obtained was anyalyzed using the single factor variable method. By measuring the pileus length, pileus perimeter, stipe length, stipe perimeter and yield as well as the ash content, total sugar content, crude protein content and crude fiber content of wild Morchella spp., the effects of four different cultivation material formulas on the growth and quality of Morchella spp. were studied. The result showed that the Morchella spp. cultivated using Formula 1, i.e., the formula to which Morchella spp. footing soil was added, grew best, and had the highest yield and the best quality; and the qualities of Morchella spps cultivated using other formulas decreased in a row. Formula 1 to which Morchella spp. footing soil was added had the optimal effect on promoting the growth and quality of Morchella spp.

Establishment of optimal regulatory network of colorectal cancer based on p42.3 protein

Objective: to establish regulatory network of colorectal cancer involving p42.3 protein and to provide theoretical evidence for deep functional exploration of p42.3 protein in the onset and development of colorectal cancer. Methods: with protein similarity algorithm, reference protein set of p42.3 cell apoptosis was built according to structural features of p42.3. GO and KEGG databases were used to establish regulatory network of tumor cell apoptosis involving p42.3; meanwhile, the largest possible working pathway that involves p42.3 protein was screened out based on Bayesian network theory. Besides, GO and KEGG were used to build regulatory network on early diagnosis gene markers for colorectal cancer including WWOX, K-ras, COX-2, p53, APC, DCC and PTEN, at the same time, a regulatory network of colorectal cancer cell apoptosis which involves p42.3 was established. Results: cell apoptotic regulatory network that p42.3 participates in primarily consists of Bcl-2 family genes and the largest possible pathway is p42.3 → FKBP → Bcl-2 centered as FKBP protein. Combined with colorectal cancer regulatory network that involves early diagnosis gene markers, it can be predicted that p42.3 is most likely to regulate the colorectal cancer cell apoptosis through FKBP → Bcl-2 → Bax → caspase-9 → caspase-3 pathway. Conclusion: the colorectal cancer apoptosis network based on p42.3 established in the study provides theoretical evidence for deep exploration of p42.3 regulatory mechanism and molecular targeting treatment of colorectal cancer.