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Kim SE, Jeong SI, Shim KM, Jang K, Park JS, Lim YM, Kang SS. In Vivo Evaluation of Gamma-Irradiated and Heparin-Immobilized Small-Diameter Polycaprolactone Vascular Grafts with VEGF in Aged Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061265. [PMID: 35335595 PMCID: PMC8955708 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of small-diameter vascular grafts depends on their antithrombogenic properties and ability to undergo accelerated endothelialization. The extreme hydrophobic nature of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hinders vascular tissue integration, limiting its use in medical implants. To enhance the antithrombogenicity of PCL as a biomaterial, we grafted 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) hydrochloride onto the PCL surface using gamma irradiation; developed a biodegradable heparin-immobilized PCL nanofibrous scaffold using gamma irradiation and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction chemistry; and incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the scaffold to promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and prevent thrombosis on the vascular grafts. We assessed the physicochemical properties of PCL, heparin-AEMA-PCL (H-PCL), and VEGF-loaded heparin-AEMA-PCL (VH-PCL) vascular grafts using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, toluidine blue O staining, and fibrinogen adsorption and surface wettability measurement. In addition, we implanted the vascular grafts into 24-month-old Sprague Dawley rats and evaluated them for 3 months. The H-PCL and VH-PCL vascular grafts improved the recovery of blood vessel function by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells and preventing thrombosis in clinical and histological evaluation, indicating their potential to serve as functional vascular grafts in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Kyung-Mi Shim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Jang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Youn-Mook Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
| | - Seong-Soo Kang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
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Devillard CD, Marquette CA. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Requirements for an Ideal Large Scale Blood Vessel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:721843. [PMID: 34671597 PMCID: PMC8522984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.721843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering more than half a century ago, one obstacle has persisted: the in vitro creation of large-scale vascular tissue (>1 cm3) to meet the clinical needs of viable tissue grafts but also for biological research applications. Considerable advancements in biofabrication have been made since Weinberg and Bell, in 1986, created the first blood vessel from collagen, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The synergistic combination of advances in fabrication methods, availability of cell source, biomaterials formulation and vascular tissue development, promises new strategies for the creation of autologous blood vessels, recapitulating biological functions, structural functions, but also the mechanical functions of a native blood vessel. In this review, the main technological advancements in bio-fabrication are discussed with a particular highlights on 3D bioprinting technologies. The choice of the main biomaterials and cell sources, the use of dynamic maturation systems such as bioreactors and the associated clinical trials will be detailed. The remaining challenges in this complex engineering field will finally be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé D Devillard
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe A Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Mallis P, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Future Perspectives in Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E160. [PMID: 33321830 PMCID: PMC7763104 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises one of the most lethal groups of non-communicable disorders worldwide. It has been estimated that in Europe, the healthcare cost for the administration of CVD is more than 169 billion €. Common manifestations involve the narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. The replacement of damaged vessels with autologous grafts represents one of the applied therapeutic approaches in CVD. However, significant drawbacks are accompanying the above procedure; therefore, the exploration of alternative vessel sources must be performed. Engineered SDVGs can be produced through the utilization of non-degradable/degradable and naturally derived materials. Decellularized vessels represent also an alternative valuable source for the development of SDVGs. In this review, a great number of SDVG engineering approaches will be highlighted. Importantly, the state-of-the-art methodologies, which are currently employed, will be comprehensively presented. A discussion summarizing the key marks and the future perspectives of SDVG engineering will be included in this review. Taking into consideration the increased number of patients with CVD, SDVG engineering may assist significantly in cardiovascular reconstructive surgery and, therefore, the overall improvement of patients' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Badv M, Bayat F, Weitz JI, Didar TF. Single and multi-functional coating strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility and tissue integration of blood-contacting medical implants. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120291. [PMID: 32798745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Device-associated clot formation and poor tissue integration are ongoing problems with permanent and temporary implantable medical devices. These complications lead to increased rates of mortality and morbidity and impose a burden on healthcare systems. In this review, we outline the current approaches for developing single and multi-functional surface coating techniques that aim to circumvent the limitations associated with existing blood-contacting medical devices. We focus on surface coatings that possess dual hemocompatibility and biofunctionality features and discuss their advantages and shortcomings to providing a biocompatible and biodynamic interface between the medical implant and blood. Lastly, we outline the newly developed surface modification techniques that use lubricant-infused coatings and discuss their unique potential and limitations in mitigating medical device-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Talon I, Schneider A, Ball V, Hemmerlé J. Functionalization of PTFE Materials Using a Combination of Polydopamine and Platelet-Rich Fibrin. J Surg Res 2020; 251:254-261. [PMID: 32179278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diaphragm, which forms a physical barrier between the thoracic and the abdominal cavities, is also the major part of the respiratory system. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a malformation of that partition muscle. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), a synthetic nondegradable biomaterial, is currently used for the repair of diaphragm defects. Indeed, this hydrophobic biomaterial does not promote rapid and dense cell colonization. Surface modifications are needed to favor or even guide cellular responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this context, we present here a practical and effective way of functionalization of the e-PTFE material. We investigated, by using electron microscopy, the coating with PRF (Platelet-Rich Fibrin) of PDA (Polydopamine) treated e-PTFE implant material. RESULTS We demonstrate that this straightforward chemical functionalization with PDA increases the hydrophilicity of e-PTFE and thus improves tissue integration. Then, we demonstrated that whatever the contact time between PRF and e-PTFE and the centrifugation speed, the PDA coating on the e-PTFE biomaterial promotes further biological events like cell adhesion and spreading. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly show that this composite coating (chemically by using PDA + biologically by using PRF) method of e-PTFE is a simple, interesting and promising way to favor tissular integration of such biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Talon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Anne Schneider
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Ball
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Hemmerlé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, France
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Abalymov A, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Polymer- and Hybrid-Based Biomaterials for Interstitial, Connective, Vascular, Nerve, Visceral and Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E620. [PMID: 32182751 PMCID: PMC7182904 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, materials based on polymers and hybrids possessing both organic and inorganic contents for repairing or facilitating cell growth in tissue engineering are discussed. Pure polymer based biomaterials are predominantly used to target soft tissues. Stipulated by possibilities of tuning the composition and concentration of their inorganic content, hybrid materials allow to mimic properties of various types of harder tissues. That leads to the concept of "one-matches-all" referring to materials possessing the same polymeric base, but different inorganic content to enable tissue growth and repair, proliferation of cells, and the formation of the ECM (extra cellular matrix). Furthermore, adding drug delivery carriers to coatings and scaffolds designed with such materials brings additional functionality by encapsulating active molecules, antibacterial agents, and growth factors. We discuss here materials and methods of their assembly from a general perspective together with their applications in various tissue engineering sub-areas: interstitial, connective, vascular, nervous, visceral and musculoskeletal tissues. The overall aims of this review are two-fold: (a) to describe the needs and opportunities in the field of bio-medicine, which should be useful for material scientists, and (b) to present capabilities and resources available in the area of materials, which should be of interest for biologists and medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Gaspar D, Peixoto R, De Pieri A, Striegl B, Zeugolis DI, Raghunath M. Local pharmacological induction of angiogenesis: Drugs for cells and cells as drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:126-154. [PMID: 31226398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have seen significant advances in pro-angiogenic strategies based on delivery of molecules and cells for conditions such as coronary artery disease, critical limb ischemia and stroke. Currently, three major strategies are evolving. Firstly, various pharmacological agents (growth factors, interleukins, small molecules, DNA/RNA) are locally applied at the ischemic region. Secondly, preparations of living cells with considerable bandwidth of tissue origin, differentiation state and preconditioning are delivered locally, rarely systemically. Thirdly, based on the notion, that cellular effects can be attributed mostly to factors secreted in situ, the cellular secretome (conditioned media, exosomes) has come into the spotlight. We review these three strategies to achieve (neo)angiogenesis in ischemic tissue with focus on the angiogenic mechanisms they tackle, such as transcription cascades, specific signalling steps and cellular gases. We also include cancer-therapy relevant lymphangiogenesis, and shall seek to explain why there are often conflicting data between in vitro and in vivo. The lion's share of data encompassing all three approaches comes from experimental animal work and we shall highlight common technical obstacles in the delivery of therapeutic molecules, cells, and secretome. This plethora of preclinical data contrasts with a dearth of clinical studies. A lack of adequate delivery vehicles and standardised assessment of clinical outcomes might play a role here, as well as regulatory, IP, and manufacturing constraints of candidate compounds; in addition, completed clinical trials have yet to reveal a successful and efficacious strategy. As the biology of angiogenesis is understood well enough for clinical purposes, it will be a matter of time to achieve success for well-stratified patients, and most probably with a combination of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita Peixoto
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea De Pieri
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Proxy Biomedical Ltd., Coilleach, Spiddal, Galway, Ireland
| | - Britta Striegl
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Strobel HA, Qendro EI, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules for Vascular Intervention and Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1329. [PMID: 30519186 PMCID: PMC6259603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment often requires surgical interventions to re-open occluded vessels, bypass severe occlusions, or stabilize aneurysms. Despite the short-term success of such interventions, many ultimately fail due to thrombosis or restenosis (following stent placement), or incomplete healing (such as after aneurysm coil placement). Bioactive molecules capable of modulating host tissue responses and preventing these complications have been identified, but systemic delivery is often harmful or ineffective. This review discusses the use of localized bioactive molecule delivery methods to enhance the long-term success of vascular interventions, such as drug-eluting stents and aneurysm coils, as well as nanoparticles for targeted molecule delivery. Vascular grafts in particular have poor patency in small diameter, high flow applications, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Grafts fabricated from a variety of approaches may benefit from bioactive molecule incorporation to improve patency. Tissue engineering is an especially promising approach for vascular graft fabrication that may be conducive to incorporation of drugs or growth factors. Overall, localized and targeted delivery of bioactive molecules has shown promise for improving the outcomes of vascular interventions, with technologies such as drug-eluting stents showing excellent clinical success. However, many targeted vascular drug delivery systems have yet to reach the clinic. There is still a need to better optimize bioactive molecule release kinetics and identify synergistic biomolecule combinations before the clinical impact of these technologies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elisabet I. Qendro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marsha W. Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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Evaluation of endothelialization in the center part of graft using 3 cm vascular grafts implanted in the abdominal aortae of the rat. J Artif Organs 2017; 20:221-229. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-017-0957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Munisso MC, Yamaoka T. Novel peptides for small-caliber graft functionalization selected by a phage display of endothelial-positive/platelet-negative combined selection. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9354-9364. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol to identify peptides with EPCs high affinity and at the same time the ability to suppress the interaction with platelets was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Munisso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
- Suita
- Japan
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Sato C, Aoki M, Tanaka M. Blood-compatible poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) for the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:586-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vossler JD, Min Ju Y, Williams JK, Goldstein S, Hamlin J, Lee SJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. CD133 antibody conjugation to decellularized human heart valves intended for circulating cell capture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055001. [PMID: 26333364 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The long term efficacy of tissue based heart valve grafts may be limited by progressive degeneration characterized by immune mediated inflammation and calcification. To avoid this degeneration, decellularized heart valves with functionalized surfaces capable of rapid in vivo endothelialization have been developed. The aim of this study is to examine the capacity of CD133 antibody-conjugated valve tissue to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Decellularized human pulmonary valve tissue was conjugated with CD133 antibody at varying concentrations and exposed to CD133 expressing NTERA-2 cl.D1 (NT2) cells in a microflow chamber. The amount of CD133 antibody conjugated on the valve tissue surface and the number of NT2 cells captured in the presence of shear stress was measured. Both the amount of CD133 antibody conjugated to the valve leaflet surface and the number of adherent NT2 cells increased as the concentration of CD133 antibody present in the surface immobilization procedure increased. The data presented in this study support the hypothesis that the rate of CD133(+) cell adhesion in the presence of shear stress to decellularized heart valve tissue functionalized by CD133 antibody conjugation increases as the quantity of CD133 antibody conjugated to the tissue surface increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Vossler
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Saotome T, Hayashi H, Tanaka R, Kinugasa A, Uesugi S, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Kuwabara N, Asakura T. Introduction of VEGF or RGD sequences improves revascularization properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin produced by transgenic silkworm. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7109-7116. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic silk fibroins incorporated the VEGF and RGD were prepared. The VEGF SF showed lower platelet adhesion than the RGD SF and WT SF. An in vivo implantation study supported these in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Saotome
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
- Research and Development Center
| | - Haruki Hayashi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Division of Animal Life Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 183-8509
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kinugasa
- Research and Development Center
- The Japan Wool Textile Co
- Hyogo 675-0053
- Japan
| | - Shouji Uesugi
- Research and Development Center
- The Japan Wool Textile Co
- Hyogo 675-0053
- Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Ibaraki 305-8634
- Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- Ibaraki 305-8634
- Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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14
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G N, Tan A, Gundogan B, Farhatnia Y, Nayyer L, Mahdibeiraghdar S, Rajadas J, De Coppi P, Davies AH, Seifalian AM. Tissue engineering vascular grafts a fortiori: looking back and going forward. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:231-44. [PMID: 25427995 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.980234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease often necessitate the surgical repair using conduits. Although autografts still remain the gold standard, the inconvenience of harvesting and/or insufficient availability in patients with atherosclerotic disease has given impetus to look into alternative sources for vascular grafts. AREAS COVERED There are four main techniques to produce tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs): i) biodegradable synthetic scaffolds; ii) gel-based scaffolds; iii) decellularised scaffolds and iv) self-assembled cell-sheet-based techniques. The first three techniques can be grouped together as scaffold-guided approach as it involves the use of a construct to function as a supportive framework for the vascular graft. The most significant advantages of TEVGs are that it possesses the ability to grow, remodel and respond to environmental factors. Cell sources for TEVGs include mature somatic cells, stem cells, adult progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cells. EXPERT OPINION TEVG holds great promise with advances in nanotechnology, coupled with important refinements in tissue engineering and decellularisation techniques. This will undoubtedly be an important milestone for cardiovascular medicine when it is eventually translated to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha G
- University College London (UCL), Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Research Department of Nanotechnology , London NW3 2QG , UK +44 207 830 2901 ;
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15
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Maleimide-thiol coupling of a bioactive peptide to an elastin-like protein polymer. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:627-35. [PMID: 22061108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant elastin-like protein (ELP) polymers display several favorable characteristics for tissue repair and replacement as well as drug delivery applications. However, these materials are derived from peptide sequences that do not lend themselves to cell adhesion, migration, or proliferation. This report describes the chemoselective ligation of peptide linkers bearing the bioactive RGD sequence to the surface of ELP hydrogels. Initially, cystamine is conjugated to ELP, followed by the temperature-driven formation of elastomeric ELP hydrogels. Cystamine reduction produces reactive thiols that are coupled to the RGD peptide linker via a terminal maleimide group. Investigations into the behavior of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells on the RGD-modified ELP hydrogel surface reveal significantly enhanced attachment, spreading, migration and proliferation. Attached endothelial cells display a quiescent phenotype.
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16
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Kabir AMN, Selvarajah A, Seifalian AM. How safe and how good are drug-eluting stents? Future Cardiol 2011; 7:251-70. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty revolutionized therapy for coronary artery disease. This early promise of a viable alternative to surgical treatment of coronary artery disease was thwarted by the high rates of angiographic restenosis. The advent of stenting reduced the rates of restenosis, although it was hindered by the new problem of in-stent restenosis. It was demonstrated that in-stent restenosis was the result of a new pathology in the form of neointimal hyperplasia, which was a maladaptive healing response to bare-metal stent implantation. Recently, the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology has offered a new solution to the problem of restenosis. Current evidence suggests that although DES have reduced restenosis rates, important concerns have been raised regarding increased stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction and death. The purpose of this article is to examine the efficacy and safety data of DES as highlighted in recent publications and to further discuss the biomolecular mechanisms of accelerated endothelization and stent thrombosis. In addition, we will examine some of the newer stent technologies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir MN Kabir
- Division of Cardiology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amalan Selvarajah
- Division of Cardiology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Zhou M, Liu Z, Li K, Qiao W, Jiang X, Ran F, Qiao T, Liu C. Beneficial effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on small-diameter heparin immobilized decellularized vascular graft. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:600-10. [PMID: 20725964 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autologous recellularization of decellularized scaffolds is a promising challenge in the field of tissue-engineered vascular graft and could be boosted by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment on this process. Heparin immobilized decellularized grafts were fabricated and implanted into 48 rats, of which 25 rats received G-CSF (50 ug/kg/day) for 14 days after operation (G-CSF group) and other 23 received saline serving as control. Five animals of each group were euthanized at 2 weeks for analysis of early graft endothelialization; whereas the rest were investigated by Doppler ultrasound to monitor the graft patency rate up to 6 months. After 14 days of G-CSF administration, the number of CD(34) (+)/CD(133) (+) progenitor cells was increased by 16.2 folds, and endothelial cell-specific immunostaining revealed an enhancement of early endothelialization in G-CSF group. After 6 months of implantation, the G-CSF treated grafts exhibited a significantly smaller hyperplastic neointima area compared with the controls, not only at midportion (0.38 ± 0.02 vs. 0.47 ± 0.07 mm(2), p < 0.0001), but also at distal anastomosis (0.42 ± 0.04 vs. 0.70 ± 0.13 mm(2), p < 0.0001). Moreover, G-CSF treated grafts had a higher patency rate compared with the control animals (19/20 vs. 12/18, p = 0.005). In conclusion, G-CSF-induced mobilization of circulating EPCs regenerated endothelium and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia of small-diameter heparinized decellularized vascular graft. This cytokine therapy may be a feasible strategy for the improvement of patency rate of the novel allogeneic graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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18
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Cavallaro G, Cucina A, Coluccia P, Petramala L, Cotesta D, Polistena A, Zinnamosca L, Letizia C, Rosato L, Cavallaro A, De Toma G. Role of growth factors on human parathyroid adenoma cell proliferation. World J Surg 2010; 34:48-54. [PMID: 20020293 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is caused by a single monoclonal adenoma in more than 80% of patients. Biomolecular mechanisms causing pHPT are still not completely known, even if a great amount of studies have been developed recently, mainly regarding angiogenesis and growth factors. Among the latter, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and their effects have been extensively evaluated in different kinds of endocrine disease. METHODS Parathyroid cell cultures were prepared from six human adenomatous parathyroid glands that were surgically removed. After 7 days of culture, the cells were refed with DMEM supplemented with 2% FCS alone (control group), or containing hrTGFbeta1, or hrIGF-I, or hrbFGF, or hrVEGF. Then, after 48-hour incubation, cell count was performed by a particle count and size analyzer, and prevalence of cell cycle was analyzed by using a flow cytometer. RESULTS Cell count (x10000) in the control group was 3.73 +/- 0.32. Low-dose TGF-beta1 stimulation resulted in 5.25 +/- 0.38 cells, and high-dose TGF-beta1 stimulation resulted in 2.35 +/- 0.37 cells. IGF-1 stimulation resulted in 5.4 +/- 0.65 cells, bFGF stimulation in 5.68 +/- 0.86 cells, and VEGF stimulation resulted in 6.03 +/- 1.03 cells. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the control group compared with the growth factor-stimulated groups. Cytometry showed different results in the percentage of cells in S-phase, in particular 22.65 +/- 4.98% of IGF-1-stimulated cells were found in S-phase compared with 7.55 +/- 3.2% of control group cells (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Growth factors seem to play an important role in parathyroid adenoma cell proliferation; IGF-1, bFGF, VEGF, and low-dose TGF-beta1 promote cell proliferation, whereas high-dose TGF-beta1 inhibits these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery P. Valdoni, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the USA. The limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting procedures has led to the fabrication of prosthetic vascular conduits. While synthetic polymers have been extensively studied as substitutes in vascular engineering, they fall short of meeting the biological challenges at the blood-material interface. Various tissue engineering strategies have emerged to address these flaws and increase long-term patency of vascular grafts. Vascular cell seeding of scaffolds and the design of bioactive polymers for in situ arterial regeneration have yielded promising results. This article describes the advances made in biomaterials design to generate suitable materials that not only match the mechanical properties of native vasculature, but also promote cell growth, facilitate extracellular matrix production and inhibit thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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20
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Jie Li, Lu WM, Li XX, Wang SM, Yu JX, Zhu YF, Liu DY, Huang MQ. Intensive statin therapy: a favorable adjunct to the improvement of small-diameter vascular grafts. Angiology 2010; 61:427-36. [PMID: 20395233 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709356422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of intensive statins therapy on the outcome of small-diameter vascular prosthesis, we investigated whether atorvastatin treatment (30 mg/d) could accelerate the re-endothelialization process and improve the patency rate in a canine infrarenal abdominal aorta-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) bypass model. Furthermore, we also evaluated the effect of atorvastatin on the migratory and adherent capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro. Improved patency was confirmed by Doppler sonography and arteriography. Histological and scanning electron microscopy illustrated enhanced re-endothelialization process. Treatment with atorvastatin enhanced the circulating pool of EPCs with fortified migratory and adherent capacity. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that atorvastatin treatment increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in cultured EPCs and neointima. In conclusion, intensive statin therapy could be considered a favorable option to improve small-diameter vascular graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Ranjan AK, Kumar U, Hardikar AA, Poddar P, Nair PD, Hardikar AA. Human blood vessel-derived endothelial progenitors for endothelialization of small diameter vascular prosthesis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7718. [PMID: 19890388 PMCID: PMC2766657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary bypass graft failure as a result of acute thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia has been the major challenge in surgical procedures involving small-diameter vascular prosthesis. Coating synthetic grafts with patients' own endothelial cells has been suggested to improve the patency rate and overall success of bypass surgeries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We isolated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from leftover pieces of human saphenous vein/mammary artery. We demonstrate that EPCs can be expanded to generate millions of cells under low-density culture conditions. Exposure to high-density conditions induces differentiation to endothelial cell phenotype. EPC-derived endothelial cells show expression of CD144high, CD31, and vWF. We then assessed the ability of differentiated endothelial cells to adhere and grow on small diameter expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) tubings. Since ePTFE tubings are highly hydrophobic, we optimized protocols to introduce hydrophilic groups on luminal surface of ePTFE tubings. We demonstrate here a stepwise protocol that involves introduction of hydrophilic moieties and coating with defined ECM components that support adhesion of endothelial cells, but not of blood platelets. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our data confirms that endothelial progenitors obtained from adult human blood vessels can be expanded in vitro under xenoprotein-free conditions, for potential use in endothelialization of small diameter ePTFE grafts. These endothelialized grafts may represent a promising treatment strategy for improving the clinical outcome of small-caliber vascular grafts in cardiac bypass surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh K. Ranjan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | - Pankaj Poddar
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Prabha D. Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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22
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Knetsch MLW, Koole LH. VEGF-E enhances endothelialization and inhibits thrombus formation on polymeric surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 93:77-85. [PMID: 19484771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic complications of long-term blood-contacting devices can be avoided by formation of an endothelial cell layer on the blood-contacting surface. The endothelial cells form a bioactive boundary between the synthetic surface and blood, regulating haemostasis and inflammation. Biofunctionalization of synthetic blood-contacting surfaces is necessary to accommodate growth of endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor E (VEGF-E) or collagen I may stimulate endothelialization of a polymeric surface coating of a prototype small diameter vascular prosthesis. VEGF-E was produced in Escherichia coli and could be easily purified in large quantities. Recombinant VEGF-E or purified collagen I was allowed to adsorb onto the polymeric surfaces and enhanced formation of an endothelial cell layer. Adsorption of VEGF-E was increased by the inclusion of the anti-coagulant drug heparin in the polymeric coating. Collagen I adsorption induced rapid thrombin generation and increased platelet adhesion on surfaces with or without heparin. VEGF-E inhibited thrombus formation, and did not interfere with the anti-thrombogenic effect of heparin. Additionally, VEGF-E did not affect platelet adhesion. Adsorption of VEGF-E, especially on heparin containing surfaces, provides an economical strategy to improve endothelialization of cardiovascular implants without disturbing blood-compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno L W Knetsch
- Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Zhou M, Liu Z, Wei Z, Liu C, Qiao T, Ran F, Bai Y, Jiang X, Ding Y. Development and validation of small-diameter vascular tissue from a decellularized scaffold coated with heparin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Artif Organs 2009; 33:230-9. [PMID: 19245522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To overcome shortcomings of current small-diameter vascular prostheses, we developed a novel allogenic vascular graft from a decellularized scaffold modified through heparin immobilization and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) coating. The VEGF coating and release profiles were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the biological activity of modified surface was validated by human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeding and proliferation for 10 days in vitro. In vivo, we implanted either a modified or a nonmodified scaffold as bilateral carotid allogenic graft in canines (n = 15). The morphological examination of decellularized scaffolds showed complete removal of cellular components while the extracellular matrix structure remained intact. After modification, the scaffolds possessed local sustained release of VEGF up to 20 days, on which the cells cultured showed significantly higher proliferation rate throughout the time after incubation compared with the cells cultured on nonmodified scaffolds (P < 0.0001). After 6 months of implantation, the luminal surfaces of modified scaffolds exhibited complete endothelium regeneration, however, only a few disorderly cells and thrombosis overlay the luminal surfaces of nonmodified scaffolds. Specifically, the modified scaffolds exhibited significantly smaller hyperplastic neointima area compared with the nonmodified, not only at midportion (0.56 +/- 0.07 vs. 2.04 +/- 0.12 mm(2), P < 0.0001), but also at anastomotic sites (1.76 +/- 0.12 vs. 3.67 +/- 0.20 mm(2), P < 0.0001). Moreover, modified scaffolds had a significantly higher patency rate than the nonmodified after 6 months of implantation (14/15 vs. 7/15, P = 0.005). Overall, this modified decellularized scaffold provides a promising direction for fabrication of small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Hankou Road, Nanjing, China.
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24
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. The limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting procedures has led to the fabrication of prosthetic vascular conduits. Synthetic polymeric materials, while providing the appropriate mechanical strength, lack the compliance and biocompatibility that bioresorbable and naturally occurring protein polymers offer. Vascular tissue engineering approaches have emerged in order to meet the challenges of designing a vascular graft with long-term patency. In vitro culture techniques that have been explored with vascular cell seeding of polymeric scaffolds and the use of bioactive polymers for in situ arterial regeneration have yielded promising results. This review describes the development of polymeric materials in various tissue engineering strategies for the improvement in the mechanical and biological performance of an arterial substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zheng Qu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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25
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de Mel A, Jell G, Stevens MM, Seifalian AM. Biofunctionalization of biomaterials for accelerated in situ endothelialization: a review. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2969-79. [PMID: 18831592 DOI: 10.1021/bm800681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The higher patency rates of cardiovascular implants, including vascular bypass grafts, stents, and heart valves are related to their ability to inhibit thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and calcification. In native tissue, the endothelium plays a major role in inhibiting these processes. Various bioengineering research strategies thereby aspire to induce endothelialization of graft surfaces either prior to implantation or by accelerating in situ graft endothelialization. This article reviews potential bioresponsive molecular components that can be incorporated into (and/or released from) biomaterial surfaces to obtain accelerated in situ endothelialization of vascular grafts. These molecules could promote in situ endothelialization by the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from the bone marrow, encouraging cell-specific adhesion (endothelial cells (EC) and/or EPC) to the graft and, once attached, by controlling the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. EC and EPC interactions with the extracellular matrix continue to be a principal source of inspiration for material biofunctionalization, and therefore, the latest developments in understanding these interactions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Vallières K, Petitclerc E, Laroche G. Covalent grafting of fibronectin onto plasma-treated PTFE: influence of the conjugation strategy on fibronectin biological activity. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:738-45. [PMID: 17457945 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface coating of synthetic materials is often considered to improve biomedical devices biocompatibility. In this study, we covalently bound fibronectin (FN) onto ammonia plasma-treated PTFE via two crosslinkers, namely glutaric anhydride (GA) and sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (sulfo-SMPB). With respect to clean PTFE, cell adhesion increased markedly on both FN grafted surfaces, although it was twice higher on PTFE-GA-FN than on PTFE-SMPB-FN. ELISA experiments performed with a polyclonal antibody revealed that the amount of FN is identical on both surfaces while monoclonal antibody specific to the RGD binding site clearly demonstrated a greater availability when FN is surface grafted through GA. These results provide evidence of a variation in protein conformation correlated with the surface conjugation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vallières
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, Canada, G1L 3L5
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27
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Sarkar S, Sales KM, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM. Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 82:100-8. [PMID: 17078085 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major cause of poor patency in synthetic vascular grafts for small diameter vessel (< 6 mm) bypass. Arteries have a host of structural mechanisms by which they prevent triggering of platelet activation and the clotting cascade. Many of these are present in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms act together with perpetual feedback at different levels, providing a constantly fine-tuned non-thrombogenic environment. The arterial wall anatomy also serves to promote thrombosis as a healing mechanism when it has been severely injured. Surface modification of synthetic graft surfaces to attenuate the coagulation cascade has reduced thrombosis levels and improved patency in vitro and in animal models. Success in this endeavor is critically dependent on the methods used to modify the surface. Platelets adhere to positively charged surfaces due to their own negative charge. They also preferentially attach to hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore synthetic graft development is concerned with hydrophilic materials with negative surface charge. However, fibrinogen has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic binding sites-amphiphilic materials reduce its adhesion and subsequent platelet activation. The self-endothelializing synthetic graft is an attractive proposition as a confluent endothelial layer incorporates many of the anti-thrombogenic properties of arteries. Surface modification to promote this has shown good results in animal models. The difficulties experienced in achieving spontaneous endothelialisation in humans have lead to the investigation of pre-implantation in vitro endothelial cell seeding. These approaches ultimately aim to result in novel synthetic grafts which are anti-thrombogenic and hence suitable for coronary and distal infrainguinal bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Sarkar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Centre (BTEC), Academic Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Walpoth BH, Zammaretti P, Cikirikcioglu M, Khabiri E, Djebaili MK, Pache JC, Tille JC, Aggoun Y, Morel D, Kalangos A, Hubbell JA, Zisch AH. Enhanced intimal thickening of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts coated with fibrin or fibrin-releasing vascular endothelial growth factor in the pig carotid artery interposition model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133:1163-70. [PMID: 17467424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intimal hyperplasia and surface thrombogenicity are major factors in the high failure rate of synthetic small-diameter bypass grafts. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potent stimulus for endothelial growth, and its provision in a fibrin matrix coating at the luminal graft surface may hold a key to spontaneous graft endothelialization and improved graft patency. METHODS Pigs underwent bilateral carotid artery interposition of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts either impregnated with fibrin (n = 11)--engineered to locally release vascular endothelial growth factor121 (vascular endothelial growth factor-fibrin; n = 11)--or left uncoated (n = 12). Graft patency was assessed by quantitative carotid angiography followed by graft histomorphometry at the 1-month experimental end point. RESULTS Patency rates were not significantly different between study groups. Grafts coated with fibrin or vascular endothelial growth factor-fibrin exhibited significantly increased angiographic narrowing at the proximal anastomosis (for both P < .05 vs uncoated) and no difference at the distal anastomosis and the grafts' middle. Histological analysis showed 80% to 90% endothelial coverage and buildup of intima throughout the lengths of all grafts. Examination of the grafts' midportion revealed significantly enlarged neointimal layers of smooth muscle actin-positive cells in grafts coated with vascular endothelial growth factor-fibrin (242 +/- 47 microm2/micron) and fibrin (177 +/- 41 microm2/micron), compared with uncoated grafts (131 +/- 39 microm2/micron) (for both P < .05 vs uncoated). This thickening could not be explained by enhanced inflammation or vessel wall angiogenesis, which were minimal at the experimental end point. CONCLUSIONS Fibrin and vascular endothelial growth factor produced effects deleterious to graft healing, by increasing the narrowing at proximal anastomosis and neointimal growth beyond that seen in uncoated grafts. It may reflect direct activation by exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat H Walpoth
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Cavallaro G, Cucina A, Randone B, Polistena A, Mosiello G, Coluccia P, De Toma G, Cavallaro A. TIMP-2 Modulates Neointimal Formation in Experimental ePTFE Arterial Grafts. J Surg Res 2007; 137:122-9. [PMID: 17070550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vascular reconstructive surgery, myointimal hyperplasia contributes to the adverse outcome of synthetic grafts. This phenomenon is because of unregulated extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling, and excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Matrix metallopreoteinase 2 (MMP-2) is known as an important contributor to these events. The aims of our study was to investigate the effects of selective MMP-2 inhibitor (TIMP-2) in endothelialization rate, SMC proliferation, and myointimal hyperplasia in experimental ePTFE arterial grafts. METHODS In 20 male Lewis rats, a 1-cm long ePTFE graft has been inserted at the level of the abdominal aorta. Animals were randomized in two groups (10 animals each): group A received six subcutaneous inoculations of TIMP-2 (2.5 microg) after surgery, group B received only the vehicle of TIMP-2. RESULTS Neointimal thickness, as well as SMC density, were augmented in group B, whereas endothelial cells density was augmented in group A, and these findings were statistically significant. In group A SMC were better organized, just like SMC of thoracic aorta. In group B SMC were no organized. Furthermore, anti-TIMP-2 and anti-MMP-2 coloration revealed higher levels of TIMP-2 and lower levels of MMP-2 in group A versus group-B. CONCLUSIONS Use of TIMP-2 affects the neointimal formation of experimental e-PTFE arterial grafts, leading to a better-organized neointima, with improved endothelialization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/surgery
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/surgery
- Polytetrafluoroethylene
- Postoperative Complications/drug therapy
- Postoperative Complications/metabolism
- Postoperative Complications/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/immunology
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/metabolism
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/pharmacology
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Intima/surgery
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30
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Doyle B, Caplice N. Letter Regarding Article by Rotmans et al, “In Vivo Cell Seeding With Anti-CD34 Antibodies Successfully Accelerates Endothelialization but Stimulates Intimal Hyperplasia in Porcine Arteriovenous Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts”. Circulation 2005; 112:e359; author reply e359-60. [PMID: 16344395 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.575688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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