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Moon DO. Curcumin in Cancer and Inflammation: An In-Depth Exploration of Molecular Interactions, Therapeutic Potentials, and the Role in Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2911. [PMID: 38474160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper delves into the diverse and significant roles of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the Curcuma longa plant, in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Distinguished by its unique molecular structure, curcumin exhibits potent biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The research comprehensively investigates curcumin's molecular interactions with key proteins involved in cancer progression and the inflammatory response, primarily through molecular docking studies. In cancer, curcumin's effectiveness is determined by examining its interaction with pivotal proteins like CDK2, CK2α, GSK3β, DYRK2, and EGFR, among others. These interactions suggest curcumin's potential role in impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, the paper highlights curcumin's impact on inflammation by examining its influence on proteins such as COX-2, CRP, PDE4, and MD-2, which are central to the inflammatory pathway. In vitro and clinical studies are extensively reviewed, shedding light on curcumin's binding mechanisms, pharmacological impacts, and therapeutic application in various cancers and inflammatory conditions. These studies are pivotal in understanding curcumin's functionality and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Conclusively, this review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of curcumin in treating a wide range of health issues, attributed to its complex chemistry and broad pharmacological properties. The research points towards curcumin's growing importance as a multi-faceted natural compound in the medical and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhang Z, Xiang S, Cui R, Peng H, Mridul R, Xiang M. ILP-2: A New Bane and Therapeutic Target for Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922596. [PMID: 35814477 PMCID: PMC9260022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein-related-like protein-2 (ILP-2), also known as BIRC-8, is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAPs) family, which mainly encodes the negative regulator of apoptosis. It is selectively overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and can help tumor cells evade apoptosis, promote tumor cell growth, increase tumor cell aggressiveness, and appears to be involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Several studies have shown that downregulation of ILP-2 expression increases apoptosis, inhibits metastasis, reduces cell growth potential, and sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, ILP-2 inhibits apoptosis in a unique manner; it does not directly inhibit the activity of caspases but induces apoptosis by cooperating with other apoptosis-related proteins. Here, we review the current understanding of the various roles of ILP-2 in the apoptotic cascade and explore the use of interfering ILP-2, and the combination of related anti-tumor agents, as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Siqi Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ruxia Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Hang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Roy Mridul
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingjun Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- The State Ethnic Committee's Key Laboratory of Clinical Engineering Laboratory of Xiangxi Miao Pediatric Tuina, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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3
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Chang Z, Huang R, Fu W, Li J, Ji G, Huang J, Shi W, Yin H, Wang W, Meng T, Huang Z, Wei Q, Qin H. The Construction and Analysis of ceRNA Network and Patterns of Immune Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:688. [PMID: 32850813 PMCID: PMC7417319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a malignant and lethal tumor in digestive system and distance metastasis lead to poor prognosis. The metastasis-specific ceRNAs (competitive endogenous RNAs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells might associate with tumor prognosis and distance metastasis. Nonetheless, few studies have concentrated on ceRNAs and Immune cells in COAD. METHODS The gene expression profile and clinical information of COAD were downloaded from TCGA and divided into two groups: primary tumors with or without distance metastasis. We applied comprehensive bioinformatics methods to analyze differential expression genes (DEGs) related to metastasis and establish the ceRNA networks. The Cox analysis and Lasso regression were utilized to screen the pivotal genes and prevent overfitting. Based on them, the prognosis prediction nomograms were established. The cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was then applied to screen significant tumor immune-infiltrating cells associated with COAD metastasis and established another prognosis prediction model. Ultimately, co-expression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between key genes in ceRNA networks and significant immune cells. Multiple databases and preliminary clinical specimen validation were used to test the expressions of key biomarkers at the cellular and tissue levels. RESULTS We explored 1 significantly differentially expressed lncRNA, 1 significantly differentially expressed miRNA, 8 survival-related immune-infiltrating cells, 5 immune cells associated with distance metastasis. Besides, 3 pairs of important biomarkers associated with COAD metastasis were also identified: T cells follicular helper and hsa-miR-125b-5p (R = -0.200, P < 0.001), Macrophages M0 and hsa-miR-125b-5p (R = 0.170, P < 0.001) and Macrophages M0 and FAS (R = -0.370, P < 0.001). Multidimensional validation and preliminary clinical specimen validation also supported the results. CONCLUSION In this research, we found some significant ceRNAs (FAS and hsa-miR-125b-5p) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (T cells follicular helper and Macrophages M0) might related to distance metastasis and prognosis of COAD. The nomograms could assist scientific and medical researchers in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanting Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo Ji
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Shi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Haider T, Pandey V, Banjare N, Gupta PN, Soni V. Drug resistance in cancer: mechanisms and tackling strategies. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1125-1151. [PMID: 32700248 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance developed towards conventional therapy is one of the important reasons for chemotherapy failure in cancer. The various underlying mechanism for drug resistance development in tumor includes tumor heterogeneity, some cellular levels changes, genetic factors, and others novel mechanisms which have been highlighted in the past few years. In the present scenario, researchers have to focus on these novel mechanisms and their tackling strategies. The small molecules, peptides, and nanotherapeutics have emerged to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The drug delivery systems with targeting moiety enhance the site-specificity, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and increase the drug concentration inside the cells, thus minimizing drug resistance and improve their therapeutic efficacy. These therapeutic approaches work by modulating the different pathways responsible for drug resistance. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance and the recent advancements in therapeutic approaches to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India.
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Kulbacka J, Choromańska A, Drąg-Zalesińska M, Nowak P, Baczyńska D, Kotulska M, Bednarz-Misa I, Saczko J, Chwiłkowska A. Proapoptotic activity induced by photodynamic reaction with novel cyanine dyes in caspase-3-deficient human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF/WT and MCF/DX). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101775. [PMID: 32330609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently one of the cancer treatment options. PDT requires the application of a photosensitizer (such as: porphyrins, chlorines, and phthalocyanines) that selectively targets malignant cells. It is a dilemma to find a proper photosensitizer. In our study, we have tested a new in-vitro group of cyanine dyes. These dyes are widely applied in biotechnology as fluorescent markers. Two malignant adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7/WT and MCF-7/DOX) were investigated using photodynamic reaction (PDR) with four cyanine dyes (KF-570, HM-118, FBF-749, and ER-139). KF-570 and HM-118 were irradiated with red light (630 nm), whereas FBF-749 and ER-139 with green light (435 nm). To evaluate PDR efficiency, a clonogenic test was conducted. Apoptosis was investigated by TUNEL and NCA (neutral comet) assays. Proteins selected as indicators of the apoptotic pathway (AIF, sPLA2, Smac/Diablo) and intracellular response markers (SOD-1 and GST-pi) were detected using western blot. The highest number of apoptotic cells (ca. 100%) was observed after PDR with HM-118 and KF-570 in both conducted tests, in both cell lines. The results showed that HM-118 and KF-570 cyanine dyes demonstrated a major phototoxic effect causing apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant and sensitive cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Kulbacka
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotulska
- Wroclaw University of Science Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Mishra A, Ganesan RK, Dhali A, Reddy IJ. Interaction of apoptosis and pluripotency related transcripts for developmental potential of ovine embryos produced in vitro at different oxygen concentrations. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:470-478. [PMID: 32011969 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1721513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study in sheep model was to find out the interaction of apoptotic transcripts, that is, Bcl2, Bax, Casp3, PCNA and p53 and pluripotency related transcripts, that is, Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 in ovine embryos produced in vitro at different O2 concentrations (20% and 5% O2) to compare their developmental potential. Oxygen concentrations did not influence the maturation and cleavage rate but the percentage of morula and blastocysts was significantly more at 5% as compared to 20% O2. A significant upregulated expression of Bcl2 and PCNA genes and significantly downregulated expression of Casp3 and p53 were observed in the blastocysts at 5% than those at 20% O2. The expression of Bax was not influenced by the O2 concentration. Among the pluripotency related transcripts, the expression of Oct4 was significantly upregulated and the expression of Sox2 and Nanog was significantly downregulated in embryos at 5% than at 20% O2. The study concluded that the embryos produced in vitro at low O2 (5%) concentration regulate the expression of developmental genes related to apoptosis and pluripotency to improve the developmental potential of embryos as compared to high O2 (20%) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mishra
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Ganesan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Ippala Janardhan Reddy
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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7
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family comprises a group of endogenous proteins that function as main regulators of caspase activity and cell death. They are considered the main culprits in evasion of apoptosis, which is a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis. Overexpression of IAP proteins has been documented in various solid and hematological malignancies, rendering them resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy and conferring poor prognosis. This observation has urged their exploitation as therapeutic targets in cancer with promising pre-clinical outcomes. This review describes the structural and functional features of IAP proteins to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-apoptotic activity. We also provide an update on patterns of IAP expression in different tumors, their impact on treatment response and prognosis, as well as the emerging investigational drugs targeting them. This aims at shedding the light on the advances in IAP targeting achieved to date, and encourage further development of clinically applicable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- , Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Hirpara JL, Loh T, Ng SB, Chng WJ, Pervaiz S. Aberrant localization of apoptosis protease activating factor-1 in lipid raft sub-domains of diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83964-83975. [PMID: 27863378 PMCID: PMC5356638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge in the clinical management of diffuse B cell lymphomas despite aggressive chemotherapy such as CHOP and monoclonal CD20. Here we provide evidence that the apoptosome adaptor protein, Apaf-1, is mislocalized in primary cells derived from patients with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Whereas, the total expression of Apaf-1 did not change, its sub-cellular localization was significantly different in DLBCL, compared to T cell lymphomas as well as cells derived from reactive lymphadenopathy biopsies. As expected, Apaf-1 was detected in the cytosolic fractions of non-B cell lymphomas and non-cancerous tissues; however, in B cell derived lymphomas the protein was detected in membrane raft sub-domains rather than the cytosol. Disruption of lipid raft structures resulted in the redistribution of Apaf-1 to the cytosol and restored apoptosis sensitivity of DLBCL. Furthermore, we identified novel small molecule compounds that target DLBCL by promoting Apaf-1 release form lipid rafts via mechanisms that involve an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Taken together, our results implicate Apaf-1 mislocalization as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for DLBCL, and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for circumventing the drug refractory nature of this sub-class of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree L Hirpara
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Science Institute, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Siok Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Healthcare System,.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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9
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Li T, Ding ZL, Zheng YL, Wang W. MiR-484 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression through inhibiting Apaf-1 associated with the suppression of apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:153-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang J, Ming C, Zhang W, Okechukwu PN, Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K, Jeleń M, Akim AM, Ang KP, Ooi KK. 10 H-3,6-Diazaphenothiazine induces G 2/M phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion of A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells through the regulation of NF-κB and (BIRC6-XIAP) complexes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3045-3063. [PMID: 29123378 PMCID: PMC5661483 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s144415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The asymptomatic properties and high treatment resistance of ovarian cancer result in poor treatment outcomes and high mortality rates. Although the fundamental chemotherapy provides promising anticancer activities, it is associated with severe side effects. The derivative of phenothiazine, namely, 10H-3,6-diazaphenothiazine (PTZ), was synthesized and reported with ideal anticancer effects in a previous paper. In this study, detailed anticancer properties of PTZ was examined on A2780 ovarian cancer cells by investigating the cytotoxicity profiles, mechanism of apoptosis, and cell invasion. Research outcomes revealed PTZ-induced dose-dependent inhibition on A2780 cancer cells (IC50 =0.62 µM), with significant less cytotoxicity toward HEK293 normal kidney cells and H9C2 normal heart cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) suggests PTZ-induced cell death through oxidative damage. The RT2 Profiler PCR Array on apoptosis pathway demonstrated PTZ-induced apoptosis via intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) and extrinsic (cell death receptor-dependent) pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB and subsequent inhibition of (BIRC6-XIAP) complex activities reduced the invasion rate of A2780 cancer cells penetrating through the Matrigel™ Invasion Chamber. Lastly, the cell cycle analysis hypothesizes that the compound is cytostatic and significantly arrests cell proliferation at G2/M phase. Hence, the exploration of the underlying anticancer mechanism of PTZ suggested its usage as promising chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Beata Morak-Młodawska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystian Pluta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jeleń
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
| | | | - Kah Kooi Ooi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.,Research Centre for Crystaline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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11
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de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Jardim FR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Sho S, Court CM, Winograd P, Russell MM, Tomlinson JS. A prognostic mutation panel for predicting cancer recurrence in stages II and III colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:996-1004. [PMID: 28767131 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Approximately 20-40% of stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop relapse. Clinicopathological factors alone are limited in detecting these patients, resulting in potential under/over-treatment. We sought to identify a prognostic tumor mutational profile that could predict CRC recurrence. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing data were obtained for 207 patients with stage II/III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Mutational landscape in relapse-free versus relapsed cohort was compared using Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariate Cox regression to identify genes associated with cancer recurrence. Bootstrap-validation was used to examine internal/external validity. RESULTS We identified five prognostic genes (APAF1, DIAPH2, NTNG1, USP7, and VAV2), which were combined to form a prognostic mutation panel. Patients with ≥1 mutation(s) within this five-gene panel had worse prognosis (3-yr relapse-free survival [RFS]: 53.0%), compared to patients with no mutation (3-yr RFS: 84.3%). In multivariate analysis, the five-gene panel remained prognostic for cancer recurrence independent of stage and high-risk features (hazard ratio 3.63, 95%CI [1.93-6.83], P < 0.0001). Furthermore, its prognostic accuracy was superior to the American Joint Commission on Cancer classification (concordance-index: 0.70 vs 0.54). CONCLUSIONS Our proposed mutation panel identifies CRC patients at high-risk for recurrence, which may help guide adjuvant therapy and post-operative surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonan Sho
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Colin M Court
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Winograd
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcia M Russell
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Surgery, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Center for Pancreatic Diseases, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Hara T, Iwadate M, Tachibana K, Waguri S, Takenoshita S, Hamada N. Metastasis of breast cancer cells to the bone, lung, and lymph nodes promotes resistance to ionizing radiation. Strahlenther Onkol 2017. [PMID: 28642964 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis represents the leading cause of breast cancer deaths, necessitating strategies for its treatment. Although radiotherapy is employed for both primary and metastatic breast cancers, the difference in their ionizing radiation response remains incompletely understood. This study is the first to compare the radioresponse of a breast cancer cell line with its metastatic variants and report that such metastatic variants are more radioresistant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A luciferase expressing cell line was established from human basal-like breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and underwent in vivo selections, whereby a cycle of inoculations into the left cardiac ventricle or the mammary fat pad of athymic nude mice, isolation of metastases to the bone, lung and lymph nodes visualized with bioluminescence imaging, and expansion of obtained cells was repeated twice or three times. The established metastatic cell lines were assessed for cell proliferation, wound healing, invasion, clonogenic survival, and apoptosis. RESULTS The established metastatic cell lines possessed an increased proliferative potential in vivo and were more chemotactic, invasive, and resistant to X‑ray-induced clonogenic inactivation and apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION Breast cancer metastasis to the bone, lung, and lymph nodes promotes radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Hara
- Department of Radiological Technology, School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 1-323 Kamioki, 371-0052, Gunma, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazunoshin Tachibana
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, 201-8511, Tokyo, Komae, Japan.
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14
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Khan S, Ansari AA, Khan AA, Abdulla M, Al-Obaid O, Ahmad R. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity, possible alteration of apoptotic regulatory proteins, and antibacterial activity of synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Xiong Y, Ji HP, Song WT, Yin YW, Xia CH, Xu B, Xu Y, Xia XB. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induces retinal degeneration in the rat via the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:588-596. [PMID: 27862073 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Hong-pei Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Wei-tao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ye-Wei Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Chao-hua Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Xiao-bo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
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16
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Mishra A, Reddy IJ, Gupta PSP, Mondal S. Developmental regulation and modulation of apoptotic genes expression in sheep oocytes and embryos cultured in vitro with L-carnitine. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:1020-1029. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bangalore India
| | - IJ Reddy
- Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bangalore India
| | - PSP Gupta
- Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bangalore India
| | - S Mondal
- Animal Physiology Division; ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology; Bangalore India
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17
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Mishra A, Reddy IJ, Gupta PSP, Mondal S. Expression of Apoptotic and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Sheep Oocytes and In Vitro Produced Embryos. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:18-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1193743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mishra
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Ippala Janardhan Reddy
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sukanta Mondal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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18
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Combination Treatment with Sublethal Ionizing Radiation and the Proteasome Inhibitor, Bortezomib, Enhances Death-Receptor Mediated Apoptosis and Anti-Tumor Immune Attack. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30405-21. [PMID: 26703577 PMCID: PMC4691179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal doses of radiation can modulate gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated immune attack. Proteasome inhibitors demonstrate broad anti-tumor activity in clinical and pre-clinical cancer models. Here, we use a combination treatment of proteasome inhibition and irradiation to further induce immunomodulation of tumor cells that could enhance tumor-specific immune responses. We investigate the effects of the 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, on the expression of immunogenic genes in normal colon and colorectal cancer cell lines. We examined cells for changes in the expression of several death receptors (DR4, DR5 and Fas) commonly used by T cells for killing of target cells. Our results indicate that the combination treatment resulted in increased cell surface expression of death receptors by increasing their transcript levels. The combination treatment further increases the sensitivity of carcinoma cells to apoptosis through FAS and TRAIL receptors but does not change the sensitivity of normal non-malignant epithelial cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly enhances tumor cell killing by tumor specific CD8+ T cells. This study suggests that combining radiotherapy and proteasome inhibition may simultaneously enhance tumor immunogenicity and the induction of antitumor immunity by enhancing tumor-specific T-cell activity.
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19
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Narayanan KB, Ali M, Barclay BJ, Cheng QS, D'Abronzo L, Dornetshuber-Fleiss R, Ghosh PM, Gonzalez Guzman MJ, Lee TJ, Leung PS, Li L, Luanpitpong S, Ratovitski E, Rojanasakul Y, Romano MF, Romano S, Sinha RK, Yedjou C, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Brown DG, Ryan EP, Colacci A, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Salem HK, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Kim SY, Bisson WH, Lowe L, Park HH. Disruptive environmental chemicals and cellular mechanisms that confer resistance to cell death. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S89-110. [PMID: 26106145 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a process of dying within biological cells that are ceasing to function. This process is essential in regulating organism development, tissue homeostasis, and to eliminate cells in the body that are irreparably damaged. In general, dysfunction in normal cellular death is tightly linked to cancer progression. Specifically, the up-regulation of pro-survival factors, including oncogenic factors and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors, including tumor suppressive factors, confers resistance to cell death in tumor cells, which supports the emergence of a fully immortalized cellular phenotype. This review considers the potential relevance of ubiquitous environmental chemical exposures that have been shown to disrupt key pathways and mechanisms associated with this sort of dysfunction. Specifically, bisphenol A, chlorothalonil, dibutyl phthalate, dichlorvos, lindane, linuron, methoxychlor and oxyfluorfen are discussed as prototypical chemical disruptors; as their effects relate to resistance to cell death, as constituents within environmental mixtures and as potential contributors to environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
| | - Manaf Ali
- Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia
| | | | - Qiang Shawn Cheng
- Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Leandro D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez Guzman
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suidjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Edward Ratovitski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo, 12515, Egypt
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advenced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA and
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
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20
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Zhang XW, Liu N, Chen S, Wang YE, Sun KL, Xu ZM, Fu WN. Upregulation of microRNA-23a regulates proliferation and apoptosis by targeting APAF-1 in laryngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:410-416. [PMID: 26171041 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-23a (miR-23a) is a potential biomarker for laryngeal cancer. Apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF-1) was recently demonstrated to be a target of miR-23a. However, whether miR-23a exerts its effects via APAF-1 in laryngeal cancer, remains unknown. In the present study, miR-23a expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). APAF-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Binding of miR-23a to APAF-1 was monitored by a luciferase reporter assay. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies were performed in order to investigate the roles of miR-23a and APAF-1 in Hep2 cell proliferation and apoptosis. miR-23a and APAF-1 were found to be significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in laryngeal cancer tissues, and there was a significant negative correlation between APAF-1 and miR-23a expression. The results of the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-23a bound directly to the APAF-1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region. Ectopic expression of miR-23a and knockdown of APAF-1 significantly promoted cell proliferation and colony formation, and inhibited early apoptosis in Hep2 cells. In conclusion, miR-23a acts as an oncogenic regulator in laryngeal carcinoma by directly targeting APAF-1, and may be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Y E Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Lai Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, No. 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110007, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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21
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Han B, Wang TD, Shen SM, Yu Y, Mao C, Yao ZJ, Wang LS. Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 induces cancer cell death via apoptosis inducing factor through a caspase-3-independent mechanism. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:139. [PMID: 25885900 PMCID: PMC4379763 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annonaceous acetogenins are a family of natural products with antitumor activities. Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 reportedly inhibits mammalian mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) and induces gastric cancer cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying its cell-death-inducing activity are unclear. METHODS We used SW620 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells to study AA005 cytotoxic activity. Cell deaths were determined by Trypan blue assay and flow cytometry, and related proteins were characterized by western blot. Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation were used to evaluate AIF nuclear translocation. Reactive oxygen species were assessed by using redox-sensitive dye DCFDA. RESULTS AA005 induces a unique type of cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, characterized by lack of caspase-3 activation or apoptotic body formation, sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor Olaparib (AZD2281) but not pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk, and dependence on apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). AA005 treatment also reduced expression of mitochondrial Complex I components, and leads to accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the early stage. Blocking ROS formation significantly suppresses AA005-induced cell death in SW620 cells. Moreover, blocking activation of RIP-1 by necroptosis inhibitor necrotatin-1 inhibits AIF translocation and partially suppresses AA005-induced cell death in SW620 cells demonstrating that RIP-1 protein may be essential for cell death. CONCLUSIONS AA005 may trigger the cell death via mediated by AIF through caspase-3 independent pathway. Our work provided new mechanisms for AA005-induced cancer cell death and novel clues for cancer treatment via AIF dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Tong-Dan Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shao-Ming Shen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Universities E-Institute for Chemical Biology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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22
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Yong FL, Wang CW, Roslani AC, Law CW. The involvement of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014. [PMID: 24992592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms 150711713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microRNAome have made microRNAs (miRNAs) a compelling novel class of biomarker in cancer biology. In the present study, the role of miR-23a in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation analyses were conducted to determine the potentiality of apoptosis resistance function of miR-23a in CRC. Luciferase assay was performed to verify a putative target site of miR-23a in the 3'-UTR of apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) mRNA. The expression levels of miR-23a and APAF1 in CRC cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and clinical samples were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. We found that the inhibition of miR-23a in SW480 and SW620 cell lines resulted in significant reduction of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-23a up-regulation was coupled with APAF1 down-regulation in CRC tissue samples. Taken together, miR-23a was identified to regulate apoptosis in CRC. Our study highlights the potential application of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in miRNA-based therapy and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Lin Yong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia.
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wei Law
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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23
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Yong FL, Wang CW, Roslani AC, Law CW. The involvement of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11713-29. [PMID: 24992592 PMCID: PMC4139809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microRNAome have made microRNAs (miRNAs) a compelling novel class of biomarker in cancer biology. In the present study, the role of miR-23a in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation analyses were conducted to determine the potentiality of apoptosis resistance function of miR-23a in CRC. Luciferase assay was performed to verify a putative target site of miR-23a in the 3'-UTR of apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) mRNA. The expression levels of miR-23a and APAF1 in CRC cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and clinical samples were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. We found that the inhibition of miR-23a in SW480 and SW620 cell lines resulted in significant reduction of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-23a up-regulation was coupled with APAF1 down-regulation in CRC tissue samples. Taken together, miR-23a was identified to regulate apoptosis in CRC. Our study highlights the potential application of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in miRNA-based therapy and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Lin Yong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia.
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wei Law
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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24
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Skender B, Hofmanová J, Slavík J, Jelínková I, Machala M, Moyer MP, Kozubík A, Hyršlová Vaculová A. DHA-mediated enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells is associated with engagement of mitochondria and specific alterations in sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1308-17. [PMID: 24953781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid present in fish oil, may exert cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effects on colon cancer cells when applied individually or in combination with some anticancer drugs. Here we demonstrate a selective ability of subtoxic doses of DHA to enhance antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of clinically useful cytokine TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand) in cancer but not normal human colon cells. DHA-mediated stimulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was associated with extensive engagement of mitochondrial pathway (Bax/Bak activation, drop of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release), activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response (CHOP upregulation, changes in PERK level), decrease of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP, cIAP1) levels and significant changes in sphingolipid metabolism (intracellular levels of ceramides, hexosyl ceramides, sphingomyelines, sphingosines; HPLC/MS/MS). Interestingly, we found significant differences in representation of various classes of ceramides (especially C16:0, C24:1) between the cancer and normal colon cells treated with DHA and TRAIL, and suggested their potential role in the regulation of the cell response to the drug combination. These study outcomes highlight the potential of DHA for a new combination therapy with TRAIL for selective elimination of colon cancer cells via simultaneous targeting of multiple steps in apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelínková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ji H, Greening DW, Barnes TW, Lim JW, Tauro BJ, Rai A, Xu R, Adda C, Mathivanan S, Zhao W, Xue Y, Xu T, Zhu HJ, Simpson RJ. Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells reveal differential expression of key metastatic factors and signal transduction components. Proteomics 2013; 13:1672-86. [PMID: 23585443 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular 40-100 nm diameter membrane vesicles of late endosomal origin that can mediate intercellular transfer of RNAs and proteins to assist premetastatic niche formation. Using primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) human isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines we compared exosome protein profiles to yield valuable insights into metastatic factors and signaling molecules fundamental to tumor progression. Exosomes purified using OptiPrep™ density gradient fractionation were 40-100 nm in diameter, were of a buoyant density ~1.09 g/mL, and displayed stereotypic exosomal markers TSG101, Alix, and CD63. A major finding was the selective enrichment of metastatic factors (MET, S100A8, S100A9, TNC), signal transduction molecules (EFNB2, JAG1, SRC, TNIK), and lipid raft and lipid raft-associated components (CAV1, FLOT1, FLOT2, PROM1) in exosomes derived from metastatic SW620 cells. Additionally, using cryo-electron microscopy, ultrastructural components in exosomes were identified. A key finding of this study was the detection and colocalization of protein complexes EPCAM-CLDN7 and TNIK-RAP2A in colorectal cancer cell exosomes. The selective enrichment of metastatic factors and signaling pathway components in metastatic colon cancer cell-derived exosomes contributes to our understanding of the cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Monroy-García A, Gómez-Lim MA, Weiss-Steider B, Hernández-Montes J, Huerta-Yepez S, Rangel-Santiago JF, Santiago-Osorio E, Mora García MDL. Immunization with an HPV-16 L1-based chimeric virus-like particle containing HPV-16 E6 and E7 epitopes elicits long-lasting prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in an HPV-16 tumor mice model. Arch Virol 2013; 159:291-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mechanisms of radiation toxicity in transformed and non-transformed cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15931-58. [PMID: 23912235 PMCID: PMC3759894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage to biological systems is determined by the type of radiation, the total dosage of exposure, the dose rate, and the region of the body exposed. Three modes of cell death—necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy—as well as accelerated senescence have been demonstrated to occur in vitro and in vivo in response to radiation in cancer cells as well as in normal cells. The basis for cellular selection for each mode depends on various factors including the specific cell type involved, the dose of radiation absorbed by the cell, and whether it is proliferating and/or transformed. Here we review the signaling mechanisms activated by radiation for the induction of toxicity in transformed and normal cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radiation toxicity is critical for the development of radiation countermeasures as well as for the improvement of clinical radiation in cancer treatment.
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Hodge JW, Garnett CT, Farsaci B, Palena C, Tsang KY, Ferrone S, Gameiro SR. Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic modulation of tumor cells enhances killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is distinct from immunogenic cell death. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:624-36. [PMID: 23364915 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain chemotherapeutic regimens trigger cancer cell death while inducing dendritic cell maturation and subsequent immune responses. However, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) has thus far been restricted to select agents. In contrast, several chemotherapeutic drugs modulate antitumor immune responses, despite not inducing classic ICD. In addition, in many cases tumor cells do not die after treatment. Here, using docetaxel, one of the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents, as a model, we examined phenotypic and functional consequences of tumor cells that do not die from ICD. Docetaxel treatment of tumor cells did not induce ATP or high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion, or cell death. However, calreticulin (CRT) exposure was observed in all cell lines examined after chemotherapy treatment. Killing by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC-1, or PSA-specific CD8(+) CTLs was significantly enhanced after docetaxel treatment. This killing was associated with increases in components of antigen-processing machinery, and mediated largely by CRT membrane translocation, as determined by functional knockdown of CRT, PERK, or CRT-blocking peptide. A docetaxel-resistant cell line was selected (MDR-1(+), CD133(+)) by continuous exposure to docetaxel. These cells, while resistant to direct cytostatic effects of docetaxel, were not resistant to the chemomodulatory effects that resulted in enhancement of CTL killing. Here, we provide an operational definition of "immunogenic modulation," where exposure of tumor cells to nonlethal/sublethal doses of chemotherapy alters tumor phenotype to render the tumor more sensitive to CTL killing. These observations are distinct and complementary to ICD and highlight a mechanism whereby chemotherapy can be used in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lewis EM, Wilkinson AS, Jackson JS, Mehra R, Varambally S, Chinnaiyan AM, Wilkinson JC. The enzymatic activity of apoptosis-inducing factor supports energy metabolism benefiting the growth and invasiveness of advanced prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43862-75. [PMID: 23118229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) promotes cell death yet also controls mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. It is unclear how these activities are coordinated, and the impact of AIF upon human disease, in particular cancer, is not well documented. In this study we have explored the contribution of AIF to the progression of prostate cancer. Analysis of archival gene expression data demonstrated that AIF transcript levels are elevated in human prostate cancer, and we found that AIF protein is increased in prostate tumors. Suppression of AIF expression in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 demonstrated that AIF does not contribute to cell toxicity via a variety of chemical death triggers, and growth under nutrient-rich conditions is largely unaffected by AIF ablation. However, under growth stress conditions, AIF depletion from DU145 and PC3 cell lines led to significant reductions in cell survival and growth that were not observed in LNCaP cells. Moreover AIF-deficient PC3 cells exhibited substantial reduction of tumorigenic growth in vivo. This reduced survival correlated with decreased expression of mitochondrial complex I protein subunits and concomitant changes in glucose metabolism. Finally, restoration of AIF-deficient PC3 cells with AIF variants demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of AIF is required for aggressive growth. Overall these studies show that AIF is an important factor for advanced prostate cancer cells and that through control of energy metabolism and redox balance, the enzymatic activity of AIF is critical for this support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Martinez-Becerra P, Monte I, Romero M, Serrano M, Vaquero J, Macias R, Del Rio A, Grañé-Boladeras N, Jimenez F, San-Martin FG, Pastor-Anglada M, Marin J. Up-regulation of FXR isoforms is not required for stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the lack of response of colon cancer to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:419-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Verdoodt B, Vogt M, Schmitz I, Liffers ST, Tannapfel A, Mirmohammadsadegh A. Salinomycin induces autophagy in colon and breast cancer cells with concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44132. [PMID: 23028492 PMCID: PMC3446972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that has recently been shown to induce cell death in human cancer cells displaying multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. The underlying mechanisms leading to cell death after salinomycin treatment have not been well characterized. We therefore investigated the role of salinomycin in caspase dependent and independent cell death in colon cancer (SW480, SW620, RKO) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-453). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We detected features of apoptosis in all cell lines tested, but the executor caspases 3 and 7 were only strongly activated in RKO and MDA-MB-453 cells. MCF-7 and SW620 cells instead presented features of autophagy such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and LC3 processing. Caspase proficient cell lines activated autophagy at lower salinomycin concentrations and before the onset of caspase activation. Salinomycin also led to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) eliciting JNK activation and induction of the transcription factor JUN. Salinomycin mediated cell death could be partially inhibited by the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine, implicating ROS formation in the mechanism of salinomycin toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that, in addition to its previously reported induction of caspase dependent apoptosis, the initiation of autophagy is an important and early effect of salinomycin in tumor cells.
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Roh SA, Choi EY, Cho DH, Yoon YS, Kim TW, Kim YS, Kim JC. Characterization of biological responses of colorectal cancer cells to anticancer regimens. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2012; 83:21-9. [PMID: 22792530 PMCID: PMC3392312 DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2012.83.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of subgroups of patients who differ in their response to treatment could help to establish which of the best available chemotherapeutic options are best, based on biological activity. In metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), novel molecular-targeted agents that act on pathways that regulate cell growth, the cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion are being developed. Here, we employed an in vitro chemosensitivity assay to evaluate the biological efficacy of conventional monotherapies and combination chemotherapy with targeted drugs. METHODS The chemosensitivities of 12 CRC cell lines to the established regimens FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil [5-FU] + leucovorin + oxaliplatin) and FOLFIRI (5-FU + leucovorin + irinotecan) and to therapy with these regimens in combination with the biologically targeted drugs bevacizumab or cetuximab were comparatively evaluated for their effects on apoptotic and autophagic cell death processes, angiogenesis, and invasion. RESULTS Each of the chemotherapeutic regimens promoted apoptotic cell death and invasion. All drug regimens caused significantly greater apoptotic cell death with activation of caspase-3 in SW480 cells compared to other cells, effects that were associated with a remarkable reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. The FOLFOX regimen more effectively promoted apoptotic cell death, angiogenesis, and invasion than the FOLFIRI regimen. Combination therapy with FOLFOX/FOLFIRI regimen and bevacizumab produced a moderate angiogenesis-blocking effect in most cell lines. CONCLUSION The results validate our in vitro chemosensitivity assay, and suggest that it may be applied to help determine adequate regimens in individual CRC patients based on the biological characteristics of their tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Roh
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Edden Y, Wexner SD, Berho M. The use of molecular markers as a method to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy for advanced stage rectal adenocarcinoma. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:555-61. [PMID: 21689364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The response to combined neoadjuvant therapy for advanced stage rectal adenocarcinoma is predictive of outcome. In addition to both clinical and pathological features, the expression of a variety of molecules may provide another method of identifying tumour responsiveness to pre-operative therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate several markers in the apoptotic pathway as well as expression of Cox-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to determine their ability to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy. METHOD In total, 152 patients with advanced rectal adenocarcinoma were treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by resection. Paraffin-embedded sections obtained before and after therapy were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Cox-2, VEGF, p53, p21, p27, Bax, BCL-2 and apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1). These stains were correlated with tumour regression grade, complete pathological response and T-downstaging of the surgical specimen. Clinical and pathological data were also collected. Data were analysed using the χ2 and Spearman's correlation tests. RESULTS Pathological complete response was seen in 24.5% of patients. Amongst the apoptosis-associated markers, only APAF-1 expression was found to be significantly associated with tumour regression grade (P<0.001), complete pathological response (P<0.031) and T-downstaging (P<0.004). On multivariate analysis, APAF-1 expression was found to be independently associated with good tumour regression grade. In contrast, overexpression of Cox-2 and VEGF in pretreatment biopsies was related to less tumour regression (P<0.003) and less likelihood of T-downstaging (P<0.03). CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical evaluation of initial biopsy specimens of rectal cancer with APAF-1, Cox-2 and VEGF may predict tumour response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Those with an expected limited response may be considered for other investigational neoadjuvant protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Edden
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida 33331, USA
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Marin JJG, Sanchez de Medina F, Castaño B, Bujanda L, Romero MR, Martinez-Augustin O, Moral-Avila RD, Briz O. Chemoprevention, chemotherapy, and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44:148-72. [PMID: 22497631 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.638303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ifeadi V, Garnett-Benson C. Sub-lethal irradiation of human colorectal tumor cells imparts enhanced and sustained susceptibility to multiple death receptor signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31762. [PMID: 22389673 PMCID: PMC3289623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Death receptors (DR) of the TNF family function as anti-tumor immune effector molecules. Tumor cells, however, often exhibit DR-signaling resistance. Previous studies indicate that radiation can modify gene expression within tumor cells and increase tumor cell sensitivity to immune attack. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effect of sub-lethal doses of ionizing radiation in sensitizing colorectal carcinoma cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The ability of radiation to modulate the expression of multiple death receptors (Fas/CD95, TRAILR1/DR4, TRAILR2/DR5, TNF-R1 and LTβR) was examined in colorectal tumor cells. The functional significance of sub-lethal doses of radiation in enhancing tumor cell susceptibility to DR-induced apoptosis was determined by in vitro functional sensitivity assays. The longevity of these changes and the underlying molecular mechanism of irradiation in sensitizing diverse colorectal carcinoma cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis were also examined. We found that radiation increased surface expression of Fas, DR4 and DR5 but not LTβR or TNF-R1 in these cells. Increased expression of DRs was observed 2 days post-irradiation and remained elevated 7-days post irradiation. Sub-lethal tumor cell irradiation alone exhibited minimal cell death, but effectively sensitized three of three colorectal carcinoma cells to both TRAIL and Fas-induced apoptosis, but not LTβR-induced death. Furthermore, radiation-enhanced Fas and TRAIL-induced cell death lasted as long as 5-days post-irradiation. Specific analysis of intracellular sensitizers to apoptosis indicated that while radiation did reduce Bcl-XL and c-FLIP protein expression, this reduction did not correlate with the radiation-enhanced sensitivity to Fas and/or TRAIL mediated apoptosis among the three cell types. Conclusions/Significance Irradiation of tumor cells can overcome Fas and TRAIL resistance that is long lasting. Overall, results of these investigations suggest that non-lethal doses of radiation can be used to make human tumors more amenable to attack by anti-tumor effector molecules and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Garnett-Benson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Villa-Morales M, Fernández-Piqueras J. Targeting the Fas/FasL signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:85-101. [PMID: 22239437 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.628937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Fas/FasL system plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. Research has shown that its impairment in cancer cells may lead to apoptosis resistance and contribute to tumor progression. Thus, the development of effective therapies targeting the Fas/FasL system may play an important role in the fight against cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review the recent literature on targeting the Fas/FasL system for therapeutic exploitation at different levels is reviewed. Promising pre-clinical approaches and various exceptions are highlighted. The potential of combined therapies is also explored, whereby tumor sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis is restored, before an effective targeted therapy is employed. EXPERT OPINION The success of the Fas/FasL system targeting for therapeutics will require a better understanding of the alterations conferring resistance, in order to use the most appropriate sensitizing chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic agents in combination with effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villa-Morales
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
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Curcumin promotes apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity, and inhibits nuclear factor kappaB in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2011; 3:99-108. [PMID: 20360934 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), plays a central role as a key mediator of cell survival and proliferation, and its activation may confer increased tumor chemoresistance. Curcumin, an orally available naturally occurring compound, has been shown to inhibit NF-kappaB and has a potential role in cancer chemoprevention. We investigated the effects of curcumin on NF-kappaB activity, on cell viability, and as a chemosensitizing agent with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CDDP) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of 46 cases, consisting of Barrett metaplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and EAC, showed increased expression of NF-kappaB and IkappaB kinase subunits and decreased effector caspase expression in EAC compared with Barrett metaplasia. Stromal expression of both IkappaB and phospho-IkappaB was detected in several EAC samples by tissue microarray analysis. Curcumin alone inhibited NF-kappaB activity and induced apoptosis in both Flo-1 and OE33 EAC cell lines as determined by Western blot analysis, NF-kappaB reporter assays, and Caspase-Glo 3/7 assays. It also increased 5-FU- and CDDP-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. These data suggest that activation of NF-kappaB and inhibition of apoptosis may play a role in the progression from Barrett metaplasia to EAC. In addition, curcumin, a well-known inhibitor of NF-kappaB activity, was shown to increase apoptosis and enhance both 5-FU- and CDDP-mediated chemosensitivity, suggesting that it may have potential application in the therapy of patients with EAC.
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Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing, NADH-dependent oxidoreductase residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space whose specific enzymatic activity remains unknown. Upon an apoptotic insult, AIF undergoes proteolysis and translocates to the nucleus, where it triggers chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA degradation in a caspase-independent manner. Besides playing a key role in execution of caspase-independent cell death, AIF has emerged as a protein critical for cell survival. Analysis of in vivo phenotypes associated with AIF deficiency and defects, and identification of its mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear partners revealed the complexity and multilevel regulation of AIF-mediated signal transduction and suggested an important role of AIF in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism. The redox activity of AIF is essential for optimal oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the protein is proposed to regulate the respiratory chain indirectly, through assembly and/or stabilization of complexes I and III. This review discusses accumulated data with respect to the AIF structure and outlines evidence that supports the prevalent mechanistic view on the apoptogenic actions of the flavoprotein, as well as the emerging concept of AIF as a redox sensor capable of linking NAD(H)-dependent metabolic pathways to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina F Sevrioukova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
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Implicación de NF-κB y p53 en la expresión de receptores de muerte-TRAIL y apoptosis por procianidinas en células metastásicas humanas SW620. BIOMEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v30i4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bussuan LAM, Fagundes DJ, Marks G, Bussuan PM, Teruya R. The role of Fas ligand protein in the oxidative stress induced by azoxymethane on crypt colon of rats. Acta Cir Bras 2010; 25:501-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To study the protein Fas ligand (FasL) on the expression of apoptosis, using a model of oxidative stress induced by azoxymethane (AOM), in the crypt of colon in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats (n=14) were assigned into two groups: control (n=7) and AOM (n=7). A single subcutaneous administration of AOM (5mg/kg) or saline solution was performed at the beginning of third week and after three hours samples of proximal colon were collected. The expression of FasL was quantified (Software ImageLab) in percentage of areas in the top, base and all crypt. Results were expressed as mean ± sd (Shapiro-Wilks test and t Student test) (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In the animals of CG there was no significant difference between the FasL expression of the top (10.75±3.33) and basal (11.14±3.53) colon crypt (p=0.34293740). In the animals of AOM there was no significant difference between the FasL expression of the top (8.86±4.19) and basal (8.99±4.08) colon crypt (p=0.78486003). In the animals of CG (10.95±3.43) and AOM (8.92±4.13) there was a significant difference of the FasL expression (p=0.026466821). A significantly decrease on the FasL expression was observed in the animals of CG (10.75±3.33) and AOM (8.86±4.19) in the top crypt (p=0.00003755*). A significant decrease was also observed in the animals of CG (11.14±3.53) and AOM (8.99±4.08) in the basal colon crypt (p=0.00000381**). CONCLUSION: Azoxymethane induce the oxidative stress and the significantly decrease of FasL expression, although there is no significant difference between basal and top of colon crypt linked to consumption-activation of Fas ligand.
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Köberle B, Tomicic MT, Usanova S, Kaina B. Cisplatin resistance: Preclinical findings and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:172-82. [PMID: 20647037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Köberle
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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Liu K. Role of apoptosis resistance in immune evasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:399-406. [PMID: 21160903 PMCID: PMC3000453 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i11.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immune system functions as a guardian against tumor development. It has been demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxic pathways function to inhibit or delay human colorectal cancer development. However, the host anti-tumor immune responses also 'edit' the tumor and select for more aggressive variants, resulting in immune evasion and tumor escape. Fas is a death receptor that mediates one of the major cytotoxic effector mechanisms of the CTLs. Fas is highly expressed in normal human colon epithelial cells but is frequently silenced in colorectal carcinoma, especially in metastatic colorectal carcinoma, suggesting that loss of Fas expression and function may be an immune evasion and tumor escape mechanism. In addition, recent studies indicated that Fas also mediates cellular proliferation signaling pathways to promote tumor development. Therefore, the death receptor Fas may not only transduce death signals to suppress tumor development but also activate cellular proliferation and the migration process to promote tumor growth and progression. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which the Fas receptor and its associated protein complex transduces the death and survival signals may identify molecular targets for the development of therapeutic strategy to enhance the Fas-mediated death signals to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Liu
- Kebin Liu, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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Slagsvold JE, Pettersen CHH, Størvold GL, Follestad T, Krokan HE, Schønberg SA. DHA alters expression of target proteins of cancer therapy in chemotherapy resistant SW620 colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:611-21. [PMID: 20574922 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Recent reports have suggested that these PUFAs enhance the cytotoxic effect of cancer chemoradiotherapy. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on key cell cycle regulators and target proteins of cancer therapy was investigated in the human malign colon cancer cell line SW620. Cell cycle check point proteins such as p21 and stratifin (14-3-3 sigma) increased at mRNA and protein level, whereas cell cycle progression proteins such as cell division cycle 25 homolog and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 decreased after DHA treatment. Protein levels of inhibitors of apoptosis family members associated with chemotherapy resistance and cancer malignancy, survivin and livin, decreased after the same treatment: likewise the expression of NF-kappaB. Levels of the proapoptotic proteins phosphorylated p38 MAPK and growth arrest-inducible and DNA damage-inducible gene 153/C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) increased. The results indicate that DHA treatment causes simultaneous cell cycle arrest in both the G1 and G2 phase. In conclusion, DHA affects several target proteins of chemotherapy in a favorable way. This may explain the observed enhanced chemosensitivity in cancer cells supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and encourage further studies investigating the role of n-3 PUFAs as adjuvant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E Slagsvold
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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p53 Activates Either Survival or Apoptotic Signaling Responses in Lupulone-Treated Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells and Derived Metastatic Cells. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:286-92. [PMID: 20885891 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SW480 cell line is derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma, and SW620 cells are derived from a lymph node metastasis of the same patient. We have previously shown that lupulone induces apoptosis in SW480 cells, through a cross talk between the TRAIL-death receptor pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In SW620 cells, lupulone induced apoptosis only through TRAIL-death receptor activation. Both cell lines exhibit the same p53 mutations. Because p53 plays a central role in the response to cellular stresses by upregulating the transcription of several genes controlling apoptosis, we aimed to study the involvement of p53 on lupulone-triggered apoptosis. Our data show that in SW620 cells, lupulone upregulated p53 gene expression and caused a cloistering of p53 in the nucleus, allowing p53 to play a proapoptotic role by activating the TRAIL-death receptor pathway. In contrast, in lupulone-treated SW480 cells, p53 was translocated to the cytoplasm where it initiated a survival response associated with the up-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins in an attempt to preserve mitochondrial integrity. These prosurvival effects of p53 in lupulone-treated SW480 cells were reversed by pifithrin-α, an inhibitor of p53 function, which caused a blocking of p53 in the nucleus leading to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, the up-regulation of proapoptotic Bax protein and TRAIL-death receptors leading to enhanced cell death. Our data support different functions of the same mutated p53 in colon adenocarcinoma and derived metastatic cells in response to the chemopreventive agent lupulone.
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The role of FasL and Fas in health and disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 647:64-93. [PMID: 19760067 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89520-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The FS7-associated cell surface antigen (Fas, also named CD95, APO-1 or TNFRSF6) attracted considerable interest in the field of apoptosis research since its discovery in 1989. The groups of Shin Yonehara and Peter Krammer were the first reporting extensive apoptotic cell death induction upon treating cells with Fas-specific monoclonal antibodies.1,2 Cloning of Fas3 and its ligand,4,5 FasL (also known as CD178, CD95L or TNFSF6), laid the cornerstone in establishing this receptor-ligand system as a central regulator of apoptosis in mammals. Therapeutic exploitation of FasL-Fas-mediated cytotoxicity was soon an ambitous goal and during the last decade numerous strategies have been developed for its realization. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce essential general aspects of the FasL-Fas system before reviewing its physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Finally, FasL-Fas-related therapeutic tools and concepts will be addressed.
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Trarbach T, Moehler M, Heinemann V, Köhne CH, Przyborek M, Schulz C, Sneller V, Gallant G, Kanzler S. Phase II trial of mapatumumab, a fully human agonistic monoclonal antibody that targets and activates the tumour necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1), in patients with refractory colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:506-12. [PMID: 20068564 PMCID: PMC2822942 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recombinant tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces tumour-selective apoptosis in various pre-clinical models by binding its specific receptors expressed on cancer cells. Mapatumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that is agonistic to the TRAIL Receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1). Methods: This phase II multicentre study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mapatumumab in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who had failed to respond to, were intolerant to, or not candidates for fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan-based regimens. All patients received two loading doses of mapatumumab (20 mg kg−1 every 14 days), followed by maintenance therapy with 10 mg kg−1 infused every 14 days. Results: A total of 38 patients, who had progressive disease after a median of three earlier chemotherapy lines, were enrolled. No response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was observed. A total of 12 patients (32%) achieved stable disease for a median of 2.6 months. The median progression-free survival was 1.2 months. The most common adverse events reported, regardless of relationship, were fatigue, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Plasma mapatumumab concentrations were within the range of exposures predicted by the results of phase I studies of mapatumumab. Conclusion: No clinical activity of single-agent mapatumumab was observed in patients with advanced refractory CRC. However, on the basis of its favourable safety profile and pre-clinical evidence of potential synergy in combination with agents commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, further evaluation of mapatumumab in combination with chemotherapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trarbach
- Department of Medicine (Cancer Research), West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45122, Germany.
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Abstract
The recent discovery of Smac and the elucidation of its structure and function have led to the rapid development of Smac mimetics, comprising Smac derivative and mimicking molecules, for use in cancer treatment. Smac is an endogenous proapoptotic protein that resides in the mitochondria and is released when a cell is triggered to undergo programmed cell death. One of the mechanisms by which Smac promotes apoptosis is through its ability to inhibit inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), by direct inhibition and/or proteasomal degradation of some members of the IAP family, and therefore disinhibit caspases. Thus, the use of Smac mimetics as anticancer agents follows a rational approach in cancer therapeutics. This approach directly targets dysregulated, neoplastic cells that overexpress IAPs or underexpress Smac. Although Smac mimetics are able to elicit an anticancer response when used alone, these molecules can also function effectively and synergistically when combined with other therapeutic agents. A variety of Smac mimetic types comprising peptides, polynucleotides, and compounds have been studied both in vitro and in vivo. This discussion addresses the current status of Smac mimetics in cancer research.
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Li H, Fan X, Stoicov C, Liu JH, Zubair S, Tsai E, Ste. Marie R, Wang TC, Lyle S, Kurt-Jones E, Houghton J. Human and mouse colon cancer utilizes CD95 signaling for local growth and metastatic spread to liver. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:934-44, 944.e1-4. [PMID: 19524576 PMCID: PMC2763556 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Analysis of clinical colon cancer specimens show alterations in the CD95 (Fas Ag/Fas L) pathway as tumors progress from local to metastatic disease, suggesting that this pathway may play a role in invasive behavior of colon cancer. However, direct causality between these alterations and clinical disease progression has not been shown. METHODS Surgically resected metastatic colon cancer samples were evaluated for Fas Ag/L and apoptosis. Alterations in the Fas-signaling pathway found in human samples were recreated through a series of staged transfection experiments in the MC38 mouse colon cancer cell line and the effects on growth tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein confers apoptosis resistance, increasing the incidence of primary tumors through a survival advantage by avoiding apoptosis and inducing Fas-mediated proliferation. Coexpression of Fas L enables colon cancer cells to metastasize to the liver from local tumors as well as from intravenous injection of cells. MC38-FasL/FLICE-like inhibitory protein colon cancer cells induce apoptosis in hepatocytes via activation of type II Fas Ag signaling, thus creating a niche conducive to tumor growth and fueling their own growth via Fas proliferative signaling. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the Fas Ag pathway which inhibit apoptosis and increase Fas-mediated proliferation directly increase local colon cancer growth, and enhance metastasis to the liver. Delineating points in the pathway responsible for growth and metastasis will offer targets that may be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Xueli Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Calin Stoicov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635,Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Care System, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Jian Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Sharif Zubair
- Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Care System, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Elena Tsai
- Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Care System, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Ronald Ste. Marie
- Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Health Care System, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Columbia University Medical Center, Irving Cancer Research Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stephen Lyle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635
| | - Evelyn Kurt-Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01635,Address correspondence to; JeanMarie Houghton MD PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB Second floor- 209, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester MA 01635, 508 856-6441, Fax- 508 856-4770, email :
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Gao X, Saha D, Kapur P, Anthony T, Livingston EH, Huerta S. Radiosensitization of HT-29 cells and xenografts by the nitric oxide donor DETANONOate. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:149-58. [PMID: 19507186 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms of radioresistance in rectal cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine mechanisms of radioresistance in rectal cancer cells and to assess the role of the nitric oxide donor DETANONOate as a radiosensitizing agent. METHODS Survival was determined by clonogenic assays, apoptosis by PARP-1 cleavage, and phenotypic differences by Western blot analysis. SCID mice bearing HT-29 xenografts were treated with ionizing radiation (IR) [2.0 Gy x 5], DETANONOate [0.4 mg/kg i.p.], or combination treatment. RESULTS Colorectal cancer HT-29-p53-null cells were resistant and HCT-116-p53 wild-type cells sensitive to IR, which correlated with cleaved PARP-1. Increased levels of p21 occurred in HCT-116 cells, while Bcl-2 and survivin were elevated in HT-29 cells. Radiosensitization was achieved with a substantial elevation of cleaved PARP-1 in DETANONOate-HT-29-treated versus control cells, which was accompanied by elevation of p21, p27, and BAX, and a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2. SCID mice bearing HT-29 xenografts demonstrated a 37.6%, 51.1%, and 70.1% inhibition in tumor growth in mice receiving IR, DETANONOate, and combination treatment versus control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radioresistant HT-29 cells are p53-null and have substantially decreased levels of p21. DETANONOate radiosensitized HT-29 cells in vitro and in vivo by an additive effect in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Gao
- Department of Surgery, Dallas VA Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed mechanism of cell death that ensures normal development and tissue homeostasis in metazoans. Avoidance of apoptosis is an important contributor to the survival of tumor cells, and the ability to specifically trigger tumor cell apoptosis is a major goal in cancer treatment. In vertebrates, numerous stress signals engage the intrinsic apoptosis pathway to induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Cytochrome c binds to apoptosis protease activating factor-1, triggering formation of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex that serves as a platform for caspase activation. In this review we summarize the mechanisms of apoptosome assembly and activation, and our current understanding of the regulation of these processes. We detail the evidence that loss-of-function of the apoptosome pathway may contribute to the development of specific cancers. Finally we discuss recent results showing enhanced sensitivity of some tumor cells to cytochrome c-induced apoptosis, suggesting that agents able to directly or indirectly trigger apoptosome-catalyzed caspase activation in tumor cells could provide new approaches to cancer treatment.
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