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Mobarak H, Javid F, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Sadeghsoltani F, Khanicheragh P, Narimani S, Mahdipour M, Sokullu E, Valioglu F, Rahbarghazi R. Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38291458 PMCID: PMC10826215 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes (Exos) are the main inter-cellular bioshuttles with the potential to carry different signaling molecules. Likewise, bacteria can produce and release Exo-like particles, namely microvesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix. Bacterial MVs function with diverse biological properties and are at the center of attention due to their inherent therapeutic properties. Here, in this review article, the comparable biological properties between the eukaryotic Exos and bacterial MVs were highlighted in terms of biomedical application. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Javid
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Narimani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferzane Valioglu
- Technology Development Zones Management CO, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Torabian P, Singh N, Crawford J, Gonzalez G, Burgado N, Videva M, Miller A, Perdue J, Dinu M, Pietropaoli A, Gaborski T, Michel LV. The effect of clinically relevant beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and quinolone antibiotics on bacterial extracellular vesicle release from E. coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568081. [PMID: 38045295 PMCID: PMC10690228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals, can be defined as a dysregulated host inflammatory response to infection, which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and cardiovascular complications. Although there is no cure for sepsis, the condition is typically managed with broad spectrum antibiotics to eliminate any potential bacterial source of infection. However, a potential side-effect of antibiotic treatment is the enhanced release of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). BEVs are membrane-bound nanoparticles produced by a variety of mechanisms, one of which includes the pinching-off of the outer membrane (in Gram-negative bacteria) to enclose proteins and other biological molecules for transport and intercellular communication. Some of the Gram-negative EV cargo, including Peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein (Pal) and Outer membrane protein A (OmpA), have been shown to induce both acute and chronic inflammation in host tissue. We hypothesize that antibiotic concentration and its mechanism of action can have an effect on the amount of released BEVs, which could potentially exacerbate the host inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluated nine clinically relevant antibiotics for their effect on EV release from Escherichia coli . EVs were characterized using immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Several beta-lactam antibiotics caused significantly more EV release, while quinolone and aminoglycosides caused relatively less vesiculation. Further study is warranted to corroborate the correlation between an antibiotic's mechanism of action and its effect on EV release, but these results underline the importance of antibiotic choice when treating sepsis patients.
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Chen S, Lei Q, Zou X, Ma D. The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157813. [PMID: 37398647 PMCID: PMC10313905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in delivering lipopolysaccharide, proteins and other virulence factors to target cells. Multiple studies have found that OMVs participate in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease, gastrointestinal inflammation, pulmonary inflammation and sepsis, by triggering pattern recognition receptors, activating inflammasomes and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. OMVs also affect inflammation in distant organs or tissues via long-distance cargo transport in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we primarily summarize the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases, describe the mechanism through which OMVs participate in inflammatory signal cascades, and discuss the effects of OMVs on pathogenic processes in distant organs or tissues with the aim of providing novel insights into the role and mechanism of OMVs in inflammatory diseases and the prevention and treatment of OMV-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Thapa HB, Ebenberger SP, Schild S. The Two Faces of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1045. [PMID: 37370364 PMCID: PMC10295235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing mechanisms from Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. It is becoming increasingly evident that MVs can promote antimicrobial resistance but also provide versatile opportunities for therapeutic exploitation. As non-living facsimiles of parent bacteria, MVs can carry multiple bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, which enable them to participate in intra- and interspecific communication. Although energetically costly, the release of MVs seems beneficial for bacterial fitness, especially for pathogens. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of diverse MV biogenesis routes affecting MV cargo. We comprehensively highlight the physiological functions of MVs derived from human pathogens covering in vivo adaptation, colonization fitness, and effector delivery. Emphasis is given to recent findings suggesting a vicious cycle of MV biogenesis, pathophysiological function, and antibiotic therapy. We also summarize potential therapeutical applications, such as immunotherapy, vaccination, targeted delivery, and antimicrobial potency, including their experimental validation. This comparative overview identifies common and unique strategies for MV modification used along diverse applications. Thus, the review summarizes timely aspects of MV biology in a so far unprecedented combination ranging from beneficial function for bacterial pathogen survival to future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri B. Thapa
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan P. Ebenberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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5
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Park KS, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Andersson M, Boström J, Alalam H, Harandi AM, Farewell A, Lötvall J. Detoxified synthetic bacterial membrane vesicles as a vaccine platform against bacteria and SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37208676 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that naturally bud off from bacteria is an evolving field in infectious diseases. However, the inherent inflammatory nature of OMV limits their use as human vaccines. This study employed an engineered vesicle technology to develop synthetic bacterial vesicles (SyBV) that activate the immune system without the severe immunotoxicity of OMV. SyBV were generated from bacterial membranes through treatment with detergent and ionic stress. SyBV induced less inflammatory responses in macrophages and in mice compared to natural OMV. Immunization with SyBV or OMV induced comparable antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Specifically, immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived SyBV protected mice against bacterial challenge, and this was accompanied by significant reduction in lung cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines. Further, immunization with Escherichia coli-derived SyBV protected mice against E. coli sepsis, comparable to OMV-immunized group. The protective activity of SyBV was driven by the stimulation of B-cell and T-cell immunity. Also, SyBV were engineered to display the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein on their surface, and these vesicles induced specific S1 protein antibody and T-cell responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SyBV may be a safe and efficient vaccine platform for the prevention of bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mickael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Boström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Alalam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia, Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Farewell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Weber B, Henrich D, Hildebrand F, Marzi I, Leppik L. THE ROLES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN SEPSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME. Shock 2023; 59:161-172. [PMID: 36730865 PMCID: PMC9940838 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, caused by dysregulation of the host response to infection. To understand the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, the vast spectrum of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining importance in this research field. A connection between EVs and sepsis was shown in 1998 in an endotoxemia pig model. Since then, the number of studies describing EVs as markers and mediators of sepsis increased steadily. Extracellular vesicles in sepsis could be friends and foes at the same time depending on their origin and cargo. On the one hand, transfer of EVs or outer membrane vesicles can induce sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome with comparable efficiency as well-established methods, such as cecal ligation puncture or lipopolysaccharide injection. On the other hand, EVs could provide certain therapeutic effects, mediated via reduction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, influence on macrophage polarization and apoptosis, as well as increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, EVs could be helpful in the diagnosis of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin, such as leucocytes, macrophages, platelets, and granulocytes, have been suggested as potential sepsis biomarkers. They ensure the diagnosis of sepsis earlier than classical clinical inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein, leucocytes, or IL-6. This review summarizes the three roles of EVs in sepsis-mediator/inducer, biomarker, and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen. Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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7
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Abstract
This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the mechanisms of their biogenesis, cargo, and function. Throughout, we highlight issues concerning the characterization of OMVs and distinguishing them from other types of BEVs. We also highlight the shortcomings of commonly used methodologies for the study of BEVs that impact the interpretation of their functionality and suggest solutions to standardize protocols for OMV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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8
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Tian C, Wang K, Zhao M, Cong S, Di X, Li R. Extracellular vesicles participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1018692. [PMID: 36579343 PMCID: PMC9791067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1018692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The early diagnosis and effective treatment of sepsis still face challenges due to its rapid progression, dynamic changes, and strong heterogeneity among different individuals. To develop novel strategies to control sepsis, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of sepsis is vital. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells through different mechanisms. In the disease state, the number of EVs produced by activated or apoptotic cells and the cargoes they carry were altered. They regulated the function of local or distant host cells in autocrine or paracrine ways. Current studies have found that EVs are involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on changes in the cargoes of EVs in sepsis, the regulatory roles of EVs derived from host cells and bacteria, and how EVs are involved in multiple pathological processes and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Overall, EVs have great application prospects in sepsis, such as early diagnosis of sepsis, dynamic monitoring of disease, precise therapeutic targets, and prevention of sepsis as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Ranwei Li,
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Michel LV, Gaborski T. Outer Membrane Vesicles as Molecular Biomarkers for Gram-negative Sepsis: Taking Advantage of Nature's Perfect Packages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102483. [PMID: 36108741 PMCID: PMC9576880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an often life-threatening response to infection, occurring when host pro-inflammatory immune responses become abnormally elevated and dysregulated. To diagnose sepsis, the patient must have a confirmed or predicted infection, as well as other symptoms associated with the pathophysiology of sepsis. However, a recent study found that a specific causal organism could not be determined in the majority (70.1%) of sepsis cases, likely due to aggressive antibiotics or localized infections. The timing of a patient's sepsis diagnosis is often predictive of their clinical outcome, underlining the need for a more definitive molecular diagnostic test. Here, we outline the advantages and challenges to using bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanoscale spherical buds derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, as a diagnostic biomarker for Gram-negative sepsis. Advantages include OMV abundance, their robustness in the presence of antibiotics, and their unique features derived from their parent cell that could allow for differentiation between bacterial species. Challenges include the rigorous purification methods required to isolate OMVs from complex biofluids and the additional need to separate OMVs from similarly-sized extracellular vesicles, which can share physical properties with OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vacca Michel
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Thomas Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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Li Y, Li H, Tong H, Maegelev M, Gu Z. Outer membrane vesicles derived from heatstroke-associated intestinal microbiota promote multiple organ injury in mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105653. [PMID: 35753600 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ injury is a common issue in heatstroke (HS); however, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. As an early event in HS, intestinal injury is an active participant that drives organ injury. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a group of vesicles shed by unbalanced intestinal microbiota as "danger signals," mediate different functional cargo transport in cells and modulate varying biological events in distant target cells. However, the role of OMVs in HS-mediated organ damage remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined OMV production in HS and explored the effect of regulating multiple organ injury. To construct a mouse model, animals were exposed to hyperthermia. OMVs from the intestinal microbiota of HS and control mice were extracted by standardized differential ultracentrifugation. Thereafter, OMVs were characterized and infused into recipient mice via the tail vein. Cl-amidine (a pan-peptidylarginine deiminase inhibitor and OMV production inhibitor) was injected intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg) 2 h before HS treatment, and the absorption of HS OMVs by different organs was tracked. The effect of OMVs on inducing organ pathological changes, inflammatory infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, and serum organ injury biomarkers was demonstrated. HS increased OMV production by intestinal microbiota; OMVs were absorbed by different organs in vivo, and were especially enriched in the liver and lung. Compared to control OMVs, infusion with HS OMVs induced significant organ pathological changes, elevated inflammatory cell (macrophages and neutrophil) infiltration, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6) expression, as well as serum biomarkers of organ injury. Similarly, inhibition of endogenous OMVs alleviated these organ injury indicators induced by HS. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to illustrate that OMVs induce acute organ impairment during severe HS, offering a foundation for subsequent studies and providing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Treatment, Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, #183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, #183 Zhongshan Road West, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, #111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, #651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, #651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China
| | - Husheng Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, #111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Marc Maegelev
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, D-51109, Köln, Germany; Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, D-51109, Köln, Germany
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Treatment, Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, #183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, #183 Zhongshan Road West, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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11
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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13
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McVey MJ, Maishan M, Foley A, Turki R, Roach EJ, Deschler R, Weidenfeld S, Goldenberg NM, Khursigara CM, Kuebler WM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane vesicles cause endothelial barrier failure and lung injury. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:13993003.01500-2021. [PMID: 35169027 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01500-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McVey
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Foley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Razan Turki
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elyse J Roach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Guelph University, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rose Deschler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Weidenfeld
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Guelph University, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Park K, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Lötvall J. Synthetic bacterial vesicles combined with tumour extracellular vesicles as cancer immunotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12120. [PMID: 34262675 PMCID: PMC8254025 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe toxicity by activating the innate immune system. In this study, we applied a simple isolation approach to produce artificial OMV that we have named Synthetic Bacterial Vesicles (SyBV) that do not induce a severe toxic response. We also explored the potential of SyBV as an immunotherapy combined with tumour extracellular vesicles to induce anti-tumour immunity. Bacterial SyBV were produced with high yield by a protocol including lysozyme and high pH treatment, resulting in pure vesicles with very few cytosolic components and no RNA or DNA. These SyBV did not cause systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in mice compared to naturally released OMV. However, SyBV and OMV were similarly effective in activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Co-immunization with SyBV and melanoma extracellular vesicles elicited tumour regression in melanoma-bearing mice through Th-1 type T cell immunity and balanced antibody production. Also, the immunotherapeutic effect of SyBV was synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 inhibitor. Moreover, SyBV displayed significantly greater adjuvant activity than other classical adjuvants. Taken together, these results demonstrate a safe and efficient strategy for eliciting specific anti-tumour responses using immunotherapeutic bacterial SyBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong‐Su Park
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineInstitute of Clinical ScienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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15
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Zhao L, Ye Y, Gu L, Jian Z, Stary CM, Xiong X. Extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA as a novel regulatory system for bi-directional communication in gut-brain-microbiota axis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:202. [PMID: 33975607 PMCID: PMC8111782 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain-microbiota axis (GBMAx) coordinates bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, and is increasingly recognized as playing a central role in physiology and disease. MicroRNAs are important intracellular components secreted by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as vital mediators of intercellular and interspecies communication. This review will present current advances in EV-derived microRNAs and their potential functional link with GBMAx. We propose that EV-derived microRNAs comprise a novel regulatory system for GBMAx, and a potential novel therapeutic target for modifying GBMAx in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Gilmore WJ, Johnston EL, Zavan L, Bitto NJ, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. Immunomodulatory roles and novel applications of bacterial membrane vesicles. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:72-85. [PMID: 33725501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria produce BMVs termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are composed of a range of biological cargo and facilitate numerous bacterial functions, including promoting pathogenesis and mediating disease in the host. By contrast, less is understood about BMVs produced by Gram-positive bacteria, which are referred to as membrane vesicles (MVs), however their contribution to mediating bacterial pathogenesis has recently become evident. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms whereby BMVs released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are produced, in addition to discussing their key functions in promoting bacterial survival, mediating pathogenesis and modulating host immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms whereby BMVs produced by both commensal and pathogenic organisms can enter host cells and interact with innate immune receptors, in addition to how they modulate host innate and adaptive immunity to promote immunotolerance or drive the onset and progression of disease. Finally, we highlight current and emerging applications of BMVs in vaccine design, biotechnology and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Gilmore
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella L Johnston
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Zavan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie J Bitto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ. Host Pathways of Hemostasis that Regulate Group A Streptococcus pyogenes Pathogenicity. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:193-201. [PMID: 31556853 PMCID: PMC7670306 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926152914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark feature of severe Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) infection is dysregulated hemostasis. Hemostasis is the primary pathway for regulating blood flow through events that contribute towards clot formation and its dissolution. However, a number of studies have identified components of hemostasis in regulating survival and dissemination of GAS. Several proteins have been identified on the surface of GAS and they serve to either facilitate invasion to host distal sites or regulate inflammatory responses to the pathogen. GAS M-protein, a surface-exposed virulence factor, appears to be a major target for interactions with host hemostasis proteins. These interactions mediate biochemical events both on the surface of GAS and in the solution when M-protein is released into the surrounding environment through shedding or regulated proteolytic processes that dictate the fate of this pathogen. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms associated with these interactions could lead to novel approaches for altering the course of GAS pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Ploplis
- University of Notre Dame, W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, 230 Raclin-Carmichael Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Francis J. Castellino
- University of Notre Dame, W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, 230 Raclin-Carmichael Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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18
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Turner KB, Dean SN, Walper SA. Bacterial bioreactors: Outer membrane vesicles for enzyme encapsulation. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:187-216. [PMID: 30784402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles, whether naturally occurring or engineered for enhanced functionality, have significant potential as tools for bioremediation, enzyme catalysis, and the development of therapeutics such as vaccines and adjuvants. In many instances, the vesicles themselves and the naturally occurring proteins are sufficient to lend functionality. Alternatively, additional function can be conveyed to these biological nanoparticles through the directed packaging of peptides and proteins, specifically recombinant enzymes chosen to mediate a specific reaction or facilitate a controlled response. Here we will detail mechanisms for directing the packaging of recombinant proteins and peptides into the nascent membrane vesicles (MVs) of Gram-negative bacteria with a focus on both active and passive packaging using both cellular machinery and engineered molecular systems. Additionally, we detail some of the more common methods for bacterial MVs purification, quantitation, and characterization as these methods are requisite for any subsequent experimentation or processing of MV reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott N Dean
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States.
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19
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Yu YJ, Wang XH, Fan GC. Versatile effects of bacterium-released membrane vesicles on mammalian cells and infectious/inflammatory diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:514-533. [PMID: 28858295 PMCID: PMC5888691 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterium-released outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) and Gram-positive bacterium-released membrane vesicles (MVs) share significant similarities with mammalian cell-derived MVs (eg, microvesicles and exosomes) in terms of structure and their biological activities. Recent studies have revealed that bacterial OMVs/MVs could (1) interact with immune cells to regulate inflammatory responses, (2) transport virulence factors (eg, enzymes, DNA and small RNAs) to host cells and result in cell injury, (3) enhance barrier function by stimulating the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, (4) upregulate the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and (5) serve as natural nanocarriers for immunogenic antigens, enzyme support and drug delivery. In addition, OMVs/MVs can enter the systemic circulation and induce a variety of immunological and metabolic responses. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of OMV/MV biogenesis and their compositional remodeling. In addition, interactions between OMVs/MVs and various types of mammalian cells (ie, immune cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells) and their pathological/preventive effects on infectious/inflammatory diseases are summarized. Finally, methods for engineering OMVs/MVs and their therapeutic potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-jiang Yu
- Medical College of Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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20
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Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles can contribute to sepsis induced cardiac dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17434. [PMID: 29234030 PMCID: PMC5727113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis induced cardiac dysfunction (SIC) is a severe complication to sepsis which significantly worsens patient outcomes. It is known that bacteria have the capacity to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are nano-sized bilayered vesicles composed of lipids and proteins, that can induce a fatal inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine whether OMVs from a uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain can induce cardiac dysfunction, and to elucidate any mechanisms involved. OMVs induced irregular Ca2+ oscillations with a decreased frequency in cardiomyocytes through recordings of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with bacteria-free OMVs, which resulted in increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in blood. Cytokines were increased in heart lysates, and OMVs could be detected in the heart after OMVs injection. Troponin T was significantly increased in blood, and echocardiography showed increased heart wall thickness as well as increased heart rate. This study shows that E. coli OMVs induce cardiac injury in vitro and in vivo, in the absence of bacteria, and may be a causative microbial signal in SIC. The role of OMVs in clinical disease warrant further studies, as bacterial OMVs in addition to live bacteria may be good therapeutic targets to control sepsis.
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21
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Identification of Candidate Genes Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance, Incremental Feature Selection, and the Shortest-Path Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5741948. [PMID: 28293637 PMCID: PMC5331171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5741948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of disease genes is a hot topic in biomedicine and genomics. However, it is a challenging problem because of the complexity of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. It has been proven to be associated with the development of intestinal malignancies. Although the specific pathological characteristics and genetic background of IBD have been partially revealed, it is still an overdetermined disease and the blueprint of all genetic variants still needs to be improved. In this study, a novel computational method was built to identify genes related to IBD. Samples from two subtypes of IBD (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and normal samples were employed. By analyzing the gene expression profiles of these samples using minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection, 21 genes were obtained that could effectively distinguish samples from the two subtypes of IBD and the normal samples. Then, the shortest-path approach was used to search for an additional 20 genes in a large network constructed using protein-protein interactions based on the above-mentioned 21 genes. Analyses of the 41 genes obtained indicate that they are closely associated with this disease.
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22
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Zakharzhevskaya NB, Tsvetkov VB, Vanyushkina AA, Varizhuk AM, Rakitina DV, Podgorsky VV, Vishnyakov IE, Kharlampieva DD, Manuvera VA, Lisitsyn FV, Gushina EA, Lazarev VN, Govorun VM. Interaction of Bacteroides fragilis Toxin with Outer Membrane Vesicles Reveals New Mechanism of Its Secretion and Delivery. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:2. [PMID: 28144586 PMCID: PMC5240029 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The only recognized virulence factor of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) that accompanies bloodstream infections is the zinc-dependent non-lethal metalloprotease B. fragilis toxin (BFT). The isolated toxin stimulates intestinal secretion, resulting in epithelial damage and necrosis. Numerous publications have focused on the interrelation of BFT with intestinal inflammation and colorectal neoplasia, but nothing is known about the mechanism of its secretion and delivery to host cells. However, recent studies of gram-negative bacteria have shown that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) could be an essential mechanism for the spread of a large number of virulence factors. Here, we show for the first time that BFT is not a freely secreted protease but is associated with OMVs. Our findings indicate that only outer surface-exposed BFT causes epithelial cell contact disruption. According to our in silico models confirmed by Trp quenching assay and NMR, BFT has special interactions with outer membrane components such as phospholipids and is secreted during vesicle formation. Moreover, the strong cooperation of BFT with polysaccharides is similar to the behavior of lectins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of BFT secretion provides new perspectives for investigating intestinal inflammation pathogenesis and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya B Zakharzhevskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Tsvetkov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological AgencyMoscow, Russia; Department of Polyelectrolytes and Surface-Active Polymers, Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical SynthesisMoscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Virology, FSBI Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationSaint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Vanyushkina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Varizhuk
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Rakitina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Podgorsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Innokentii E Vishnyakov
- Lab of Genome Structural Organization, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of SciencesSaint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic UniversitySaint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria D Kharlampieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin A Manuvera
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor V Lisitsyn
- N.F. Gamalei Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Gushina
- N.F. Gamalei Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological AgencyMoscow, Russia; Lab of Systems Biology, Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim M Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological AgencyMoscow, Russia; Lab of Systems Biology, Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudny, Russia; Department of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
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23
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Characterization and Vaccine Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by Haemophilus parasuis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149132. [PMID: 26930282 PMCID: PMC4773134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of swine and is capable of causing a systemic infection, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. H. parasuis isolates display a wide range of virulence and virulence factors are largely unknown. Commercial bacterins are often used to vaccinate swine against H. parasuis, though strain variability and lack of cross-reactivity can make this an ineffective means of protection. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical structures naturally released from the membrane of bacteria and OMV are often enriched in toxins, signaling molecules and other bacterial components. Examination of OMV structures has led to identification of virulence factors in a number of bacteria and they have been successfully used as subunit vaccines. We have isolated OMV from both virulent and avirulent strains of H. parasuis, have examined their protein content and assessed their ability to induce an immune response in the host. Vaccination with purified OMV derived from the virulent H. parasuis Nagasaki strain provided protection against challenge with a lethal dose of the bacteria.
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24
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Moon JE, Shin JH, Kwon O, Kim JY. A Standardized Extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Protects Wistar Rats Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation. J Med Food 2015; 18:1223-30. [PMID: 26501382 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua stokes (RVS) (Anacardiaceae) has been traditionally used as a folk remedy for gastritis, several cancers, and various metabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of RVS extract standardized to fustin content using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rats. The rats were randomly divided into six groups and intragastrically administered 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg body weight (bw) of RVS or 15 mg/kg bw of fustin for 14 days. LPS was intraperitoneally injected 18 h before sacrifice. The nitric oxide levels of RVS extract in either the serum or liver were significantly decreased compared to the LPS-treated rats (P<.05). The treatment with the RVS extract also blunted the rise of malondialdehyde levels in the liver (P<.05). The administration of RVS extract and fustin significantly prevented the elevation of interleukin 6 cytokine, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the liver. Inflammatory cell infiltration was also significantly attenuated by the RVS extract or fustin supplementation. These results suggest that our standardized RVS extract has preventive effects on inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Moon
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- 2 Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University , Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- 3 Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul, Korea
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25
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26
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Olsen I, Amano A. Outer membrane vesicles - offensive weapons or good Samaritans? J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27468. [PMID: 25840612 PMCID: PMC4385126 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first considered as artifacts and were followed with disbelief and bad reputation. Later, their existence was accepted and they became characterized as bacterial bombs, virulence bullets, and even decoys. Today, we know that OMVs also can be involved in cell-cell signaling/communication and be mediators of immune regulation and cause disease protection. Furthermore, OMVs represent a distinct bacterial secretion pathway selecting and protecting their cargo, and they can even be good Samaritans providing nutrients to the gut microbiota maintaining commensal homeostasis beneficial to the host. The versatility in functions of these nanostructures is remarkable and includes both defense and offense. The broad spectrum of usability does not stop with that, as it now seems that OMVs can be used as vaccines and adjuvants or vehicles engineered for drug treatment of emerging and new diseases not only caused by bacteria but also by virus. They may even represent new ways of selective drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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