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Geng M, Cao Y, Li K, Rao W, Wang D, Cheng J, Zhang J, Yang J, Wei X. CD122 is an activation marker ensuring proper proliferation of T cells in teleost. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109839. [PMID: 39153581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
As one of subunits for interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), CD122 can bind to IL-2 and then activate downstream signal transduction to participate in adaptive immune response. Although CD122 has been identified and investigated from several teleost species, studies on its function at T-cell level are still scarce for lack of specific antibodies. In this study, a typical CD122 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was characterized by bioinformatics analysis, cloned to produce retrovirus infected NIH/3T3 cells for mouse immunization. After cell fusion and screening, we successfully developed a mouse anti-tilapia CD122 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which could specifically recognize CD122 and identify CD122-producing T cells of tilapia. Using the mAb to detect, CD122 was found to widely distribute in immune-related tissues, and significantly elevate post Edwardsiella piscicida infection or T-cell activation. More importantly, the expansion of CD122+ T cells and up-regulation of CD122 occurred both in total T cells and T-cell subsets during T-cell activation upon in vitro stimulation or in vivo infection. These results indicate that CD122 can be used as a T-cell activation marker in tilapia. Notably, CD122 mAb blocking blunted the activation of MAPK/Erk and mTORC1 pathways, and inhibited T-cell proliferation, suggesting a critical role of CD122 in ensuring proper proliferation of tilapia T cells. Therefore, this study enriches the knowledge of T-cell responses in fish and provides new evidence for understanding the evolution of lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenzhuo Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Sabbar ZS, Kariminik A, Ghane M. The roles played by hsa-miR-223-5p and mutations in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. Lab Med 2024:lmae066. [PMID: 39102824 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased proinflammatory molecules are a main reason for severe symptoms in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated mutations in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 and the expression of hsa-miR-223-5p, interleukin 2 receptor α (IL-2Rα), and CCL16 chemokine in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS This study included 75 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe symptoms and 75 age-sex-matched healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to evaluate the expression levels of hsa-miR-223-5p, IL-2Rα, and CCL16 chemokine. The Sanger technique was used to sequence the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 from positions 23,274 to 23,641. RESULTS The relative expression of hsa-miR-223-5p was significantly increased whereas that of IL-2Rα was significantly decreased in the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Two mutations were found in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 at positions 23,403 (p.Asp23403Gly) and 23,525 (p.His23525Tyr) of the S gene of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION Increased hsa-miR-223-5p may be a main cause for the downregulation of IL-2Rα, which is a main developer of T-regulatory lymphocytes. The mutations in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may affect immune responses to the molecule and alter the avidity of virus-human cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Sadeg Sabbar
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
- Food and Agricultural Safety Research Center, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghane
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
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3
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Zhang R, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhuang Z, Li X, Shen E. Low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases: An update review. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:113-137. [PMID: 37882232 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2274574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining self-immune tolerance. Reduced numbers or functions of Treg cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. Therefore, the approaches that increase the pool or suppressive function of Treg cells in vivo could be a general strategy to treat different autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is essential for the development, survival, maintenance, and function of Treg cells, constitutively expressing the high-affinity receptor of IL-2 and sensitive response to IL-2 in vivo. And low-dose IL-2 therapy in vivo could restore the imbalance between autoimmune response and self-tolerance toward self-tolerance via promoting Treg cell expansion and inhibiting follicular helper T (Tfh) and IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cell differentiation. Currently, low-dose IL-2 treatment is receiving extensive attention in autoimmune disease and transplantation treatment. In this review, we summarize the biology of IL-2/IL-2 receptor, the mechanisms of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases, the application in the progress of different autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), Alopecia Areata (AA), Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). We also discuss the future directions to optimize low-dose IL-2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqing Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erxia Shen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Niemeyer CS, Traina-Dorge V, Doyle-Meyers L, Das A, Looper J, Mescher T, Feia B, Medina E, Nagel MA, Mahalingam R, Bubak AN. Simian varicella virus infection and reactivation in rhesus macaques trigger cytokine and Aβ40/42 alterations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurovirol 2024; 30:86-99. [PMID: 38453879 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Simian varicella virus (SVV) produces peripheral inflammatory responses during varicella (primary infection) and zoster (reactivation) in rhesus macaques (RM). However, it is unclear if peripheral measures are accurate proxies for central nervous system (CNS) responses. Thus, we analyzed cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 changes in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of infection. During varicella and zoster, every RM had variable changes in serum and CSF cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 levels compared to pre-inoculation levels. Overall, peripheral infection appears to affect CNS cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 levels independent of serum responses, suggesting that peripheral disease may contribute to CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy S Niemeyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Vicki Traina-Dorge
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Lara Doyle-Meyers
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jayme Looper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Teresa Mescher
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Health and Wellness Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Brittany Feia
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Eva Medina
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Maria A Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Ravi Mahalingam
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew N Bubak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B182, Aurora, Co, 80045, USA.
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5
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Jana M, Mondal S, Jana A, Pahan K. Induction of IL-2 by interleukin-12 p40 homodimer and IL-12, but not IL-23, in microglia and macrophages: Implications for multiple sclerosis. Cytokine 2024; 174:156457. [PMID: 38056248 PMCID: PMC10872483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The level of IL-2 increases markedly in serum and central nervous system (CNS) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, mechanisms by which IL-2 is induced under autoimmune demyelinating conditions are poorly understood. The present study underlines the importance of IL-12p40 homodimer (p402), the so-called biologically inactive molecule, in inducing the expression of IL-2 in mouse BV-2 microglial cells, primary mouse and human microglia, mouse peritoneal macrophages, RAW264.7 macrophages, and T cells. Interestingly, we found that p402 and IL-12p70 (IL-12), but not IL-23, dose-dependently induced the production of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2 mRNA in microglial cells. Similarly, p402 also induced the activation of IL-2 promoter in microglial cells and RAW264.7 cells. Among various stimuli tested, p402 was the most potent stimulus followed by IFN-γ, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, HIV-1 gp120, and IL-12 in inducing the activation of IL-2 promoter in microglial cells. Moreover, p402, but not IL-23, increased NFATc2 mRNA expression and the transcriptional activity of NFAT. Furthermore, induction of IL-2 mRNA expression by over-expression of p40, but not by p19, cDNA indicated that p40, but not p19, is responsible for the induction of IL-2 mRNA in microglia. Finally, by using primary microglia from IL to 12 receptor β1 deficient (IL-12Rβ1-/-) and IL-12 receptor β2 deficient (IL-12Rβ2-/-) mice, we demonstrate that p402 induces the expression of IL-2 via IL-12Rβ1, but not IL-12Rβ2. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, neutralization of p402 by mAb a3-1d led to decrease in clinical symptoms and reduction in IL-2 in T cells and microglia. These results delineate a new biological function of p402, which is missing in the so-called autoimmune cytokine IL-23, and raise the possibility of controlling increased IL-2 and the disease process of MS via neutralization of p402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susanta Mondal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arundhati Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Thorning M, Lambertsen KL, Jensen HB, Frich LH, Madsen JS, Olsen DA, Holsgaard-Larsen A, Nielsen HH. Performance Measures and Plasma Biomarker Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis after 14 Days of Fampridine Treatment: An Explorative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1592. [PMID: 38338871 PMCID: PMC10855557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral cytokine levels may serve as biomarkers for treatment response and disease monitoring in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The objectives were to assess changes in plasma biomarkers in PwMS after 14 days of fampridine treatment and to explore correlations between changes in performance measures and plasma biomarkers. We included 27 PwMS, 14 women and 13 men, aged 52.0 ± 11.6 years, with a disease duration of 17 ± 8.5 years, and an Expanded Disability Status Scale of 6 [IQR 5.0/6.5]. Gait and hand function were assessed using performance tests completed prior to fampridine and after 14 days of treatment. Venous blood was obtained, and chemiluminescence analysis conducted to assess plasma cytokines and neurodegenerative markers. All performance measures demonstrated improvements. Biomarkers showed decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 levels. Associations were found between change scores in (i) Six Spot Step Test and Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, and IL-17 levels; (ii) timed 25-foot walk and interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α, and neurofilament light levels, and (iii) 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale and IL-17 levels. The associations may reflect increased MS-related inflammatory activity rather than a fampridine-induced response or that a higher level of inflammation induces a better response to fampridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thorning
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (H.H.N.)
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 21, st., 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (H.H.N.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 21, st., 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Boye Jensen
- Department of Brain and Nerve Diseases, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sygehusvej 24, 6000 Kolding, Denmark;
| | - Lars Henrik Frich
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 21, st., 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Soenderjylland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Anders Holsgaard-Larsen
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Helle Hvilsted Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (H.H.N.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 21, st., 5000 Odense C, Denmark;
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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7
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Gerdle B, Dahlqvist Leinhard O, Lund E, Lundberg P, Forsgren MF, Ghafouri B. Pain and the biochemistry of fibromyalgia: patterns of peripheral cytokines and chemokines contribute to the differentiation between fibromyalgia and controls and are associated with pain, fat infiltration and content. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1288024. [PMID: 38304854 PMCID: PMC10830731 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This explorative study analyses interrelationships between peripheral compounds in saliva, plasma, and muscles together with body composition variables in healthy subjects and in fibromyalgia patients (FM). There is a need to better understand the extent cytokines and chemokines are associated with body composition and which cytokines and chemokines differentiate FM from healthy controls. Methods Here, 32 female FM patients and 30 age-matched female healthy controls underwent a clinical examination that included blood sample, saliva samples, and pain threshold tests. In addition, the subjects completed a health questionnaire. From these blood and saliva samples, a panel of 68 mainly cytokines and chemokines were determined. Microdialysis of trapezius and erector spinae muscles, phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of erector spinae muscle, and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for determination of body composition (BC)-i.e., muscle volume, fat content and infiltration-were also performed. Results After standardizing BC measurements to remove the confounding effect of Body Mass Index, fat infiltration and content are generally increased, and fat-free muscle volume is decreased in FM. Mainly saliva proteins differentiated FM from controls. When including all investigated compounds and BC variables, fat infiltration and content variables were most important, followed by muscle compounds and cytokines and chemokines from saliva and plasma. Various plasma proteins correlated positively with pain intensity in FM and negatively with pain thresholds in all subjects taken together. A mix of increased plasma cytokines and chemokines correlated with an index covering fat infiltration and content in different tissues. When muscle compounds were included in the analysis, several of these were identified as the most important regressors, although many plasma and saliva proteins remained significant. Discussion Peripheral factors were important for group differentiation between FM and controls. In saliva (but not plasma), cytokines and chemokines were significantly associated with group membership as saliva compounds were increased in FM. The importance of peripheral factors for group differentiation increased when muscle compounds and body composition variables were also included. Plasma proteins were important for pain intensity and sensitivity. Cytokines and chemokines mainly from plasma were also significantly and positively associated with a fat infiltration and content index. Conclusion Our findings of associations between cytokines and chemokines and fat infiltration and content in different tissues confirm that inflammation and immune factors are secreted from adipose tissue. FM is clearly characterized by complex interactions between peripheral tissues and the peripheral and central nervous systems, including nociceptive, immune, and neuroendocrine processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
- Radiation Physics, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Lund
- Radiation Physics, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Fredrik Forsgren
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
- Radiation Physics, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Niemeyer CS, Traina-Dorge V, Doyle-Meyers L, Das A, Looper J, Mescher T, Feia B, Medina E, Nagel MA, Mahalingam R, Bubak AN. Simian Varicella Virus Infection and Reactivation in Rhesus Macaques Trigger Cytokine and Aβ40/42 Alterations in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3367215. [PMID: 37886544 PMCID: PMC10602180 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3367215/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Simian varicella virus (SVV) produces peripheral inflammatory responses during varicella (primary infection) and zoster (reactivation) in rhesus macaques (RM). However, it is unclear if peripheral measures are accurate proxies for central nervous system (CNS) responses. Thus, we analyzed cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 changes in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of infection. During varicella and zoster, every RM had variable changes in serum and CSF cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 levels compared to pre-inoculation levels. Overall, peripheral infection appears to affect CNS cytokine and Aβ42/Aβ40 levels independent of serum responses, suggesting that peripheral disease may contribute to CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jayme Looper
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Teresa Mescher
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
| | - Brittany Feia
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
| | - Eva Medina
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
| | - Maria A Nagel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
| | - Ravi Mahalingam
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
| | - Andrew N Bubak
- University of Colorado School of Medicine: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
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9
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Bobotis BC, Braniff O, Gargus M, Akinluyi ET, Awogbindin IO, Tremblay MÈ. Sex differences of microglia in the healthy brain from embryonic development to adulthood and across lifestyle influences. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110752. [PMID: 37652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive range of functions and characteristics that help to ensure proper functioning of the brain. Notably, microglia can present differences in their genetic and physical traits, which can be influenced by a range of factors, including age, environmental exposures, disease, and sex. Remarkably, microglia have been found to express receptors for sex hormones, suggesting that these hormones may play a role in modulating microglial behavior and potentially contribute to sex differences. Additionally, sex-chromosomal factors were shown to impact microglial genetics and functioning. In this review, we will examine how microglial responses in homeostasis are impacted by their interaction with sex hormones and sex chromosomes. Specifically, our investigation will focus on examining this interaction from embryonic development to adulthood, and the influence of lifestyle elements on various microglial features, including density and distribution, morphology, transcriptome, and proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Makenna Gargus
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Oluleke Awogbindin
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroimmunology Group, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Guardado-Estrada M, Cárdenas-Monroy CA, Martínez-Rivera V, Cortez F, Pedraza-Lara C, Millan-Catalan O, Pérez-Plasencia C. A miRNome analysis at the early postmortem interval. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15409. [PMID: 37304870 PMCID: PMC10257396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postmortem interval (PMI) is the time elapsing since the death of an individual until the body is examined. Different molecules have been analyzed to better estimate the PMI with variable results. The miRNAs draw attention in the forensic field to estimate the PMI as they can better support degradation. In the present work, we analyzed the miRNome at early PMI in rats' skeletal muscle using the Affymetrix GeneChip™ miRNA 4.0 microarrays. We found 156 dysregulated miRNAs in rats' skeletal muscle at 24 h of PMI, out of which 84 were downregulated, and 72 upregulated. The miRNA most significantly downregulated was miR-139-5p (FC = -160, p = 9.97 × 10-11), while the most upregulated was rno-miR-92b-5p (FC = 241.18, p = 2.39 × 10-6). Regarding the targets of these dysregulated miRNAs, the rno-miR-125b-5p and rno-miR-138-5p were the miRNAs with more mRNA targets. The mRNA targets that we found in the present study participate in several biological processes such as interleukin secretion regulation, translation regulation, cell growth, or low oxygen response. In addition, we found a downregulation of SIRT1 mRNA and an upregulation of TGFBR2 mRNA at 24 h of PMI. These results suggest there is an active participation of miRNAs at early PMI which could be further explored to identify potential biomarkers for PMI estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Guardado-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian A. Cárdenas-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Martínez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Cortez
- Computational Genomics Division, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pedraza-Lara
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oliver Millan-Catalan
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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In Silico Drug Repurposing in Multiple Sclerosis Using scRNA-Seq Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020985. [PMID: 36674506 PMCID: PMC9864606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system still lacking a cure. Treatment typically focuses on slowing the progression and managing MS symptoms. Single-cell transcriptomics allows the investigation of the immune system-the key player in MS onset and development-in great detail increasing our understanding of MS mechanisms and stimulating the discovery of the targets for potential therapies. Still, de novo drug development takes decades; however, this can be reduced by drug repositioning. A promising approach is to select potential drugs based on activated or inhibited genes and pathways. In this study, we explored the public single-cell RNA data from an experiment with six patients on single-cell RNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cerebrospinal fluid cells (CSF) of patients with MS and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We demonstrate that AIM2 inflammasome, SMAD2/3 signaling, and complement activation pathways are activated in MS in different CSF and PBMC immune cells. Using genes from top-activated pathways, we detected several promising small molecules to reverse MS immune cells' transcriptomic signatures, including AG14361, FGIN-1-27, CA-074, ARP 101, Flunisolide, and JAK3 Inhibitor VI. Among these molecules, we also detected an FDA-approved MS drug Mitoxantrone, supporting the reliability of our approach.
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Jayaraman S, Jayaraman A. Impact of histone modifier-induced protection against autoimmune encephalomyelitis on multiple sclerosis treatment. Front Neurol 2022; 13:980758. [PMID: 36313502 PMCID: PMC9614082 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.980758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive demyelinating central nervous system disorder with unknown etiology. The condition has heterogeneous presentations, including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these various forms of multiple sclerosis remain elusive. Many disease-modifying therapies approved for multiple sclerosis are broad-spectrum immunomodulatory drugs that reduce relapses but do not halt the disease progression or neuroaxonal damage. Some are also associated with many severe side effects, including fatalities. Improvements in disease-modifying treatments especially for primary progressive multiple sclerosis remain an unmet need. Several experimental animal models are available to decipher the mechanisms involved in multiple sclerosis. These models help us decipher the advantages and limitations of novel disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Jayaraman
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
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13
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Borziak K, Finkelstein J. X-linked genetic risk factors that promote autoimmunity and dampen remyelination are associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 66:104065. [PMID: 35905688 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, which has a strong genetic component and is more prevalent in women. MS is caused by an autoimmunity initiated inflammatory response which leads to axon demyelination, followed by axon loss, plaque formation and neurodegeneration. The goal of this article was to explore X-linked genetic factors that are associated with MS susceptibility. METHODS Using UK Biobank microarray, we analyzed the prevalence of alleles on the X chromosome to identify variants potentially involved in MS. Overall, 488,225 patients across 18,857 markers were analyzed using PLINK. RESULTS Our results identify 20 SNPs that are significantly more abundant in persons with MS. The genes associated with these SNPs belong to immunity (LAMP2, AVPR2, MTMR8, F8, BCOR, PORCN, and ELF4) and remyelination (NSDHL, HS6ST2, RBM10, TAZ, and AR) pathways that are potentially of great significance for understanding the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis. We further identified a significant 20-fold increase in incidence of MS cases in women with co-occurrences of SNPs associated with myelination and immunity functions. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides novel insights into the roles of X-linked genes in the onset and presentation of multiple sclerosis, identifying 20 SNPs in 14 genes involved primarily in immunity and myelination functions that are significantly more abundant in persons with MS. Our co-occurrence analysis suggests that concurrent disruption of both myelination and immune systems significantly increases the risk of MS onset in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Borziak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 United States.
| | - Joseph Finkelstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 United States
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