1
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Guo J, Shao Y. Actin pushes open a leaky lumen. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:587-588. [PMID: 38701753 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Using a human stem cell-based model to understand how the human epiblast forms at the very beginning of implantation, Indana et al.1 establish a role for pushing forces that are generated by apical actin polymerization and reveal a two-stage, biomechanics-driven lumen growth process underlying epiblast cavity morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Shao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Shim G, Breinyn IB, Martínez-Calvo A, Rao S, Cohen DJ. Bioelectric stimulation controls tissue shape and size. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2938. [PMID: 38580690 PMCID: PMC10997591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues sheath organs and electro-mechanically regulate ion and water transport to regulate development, homeostasis, and hydrostatic organ pressure. Here, we demonstrate how external electrical stimulation allows us to control these processes in living tissues. Specifically, we electrically stimulate hollow, 3D kidneyoids and gut organoids and find that physiological-strength electrical stimulation of ∼ 5 - 10 V/cm powerfully inflates hollow tissues; a process we call electro-inflation. Electro-inflation is mediated by increased ion flux through ion channels/transporters and triggers subsequent osmotic water flow into the lumen, generating hydrostatic pressure that competes against cytoskeletal tension. Our computational studies suggest that electro-inflation is strongly driven by field-induced ion crowding on the outer surface of the tissue. Electrically stimulated tissues also break symmetry in 3D resulting from electrotaxis and affecting tissue shape. The ability of electrical cues to regulate tissue size and shape emphasizes the role and importance of the electrical micro-environment for living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gawoon Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac B Breinyn
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Calvo
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA
| | - Sameeksha Rao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, NJ, USA.
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3
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Fuji K, Tanida S, Sano M, Nonomura M, Riveline D, Honda H, Hiraiwa T. Computational approaches for simulating luminogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:173-185. [PMID: 35773151 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lumens, liquid-filled cavities surrounded by polarized tissue cells, are elementary units involved in the morphogenesis of organs. Theoretical modeling and computations, which can integrate various factors involved in biophysics of morphogenesis of cell assembly and lumens, may play significant roles to elucidate the mechanisms in formation of such complex tissue with lumens. However, up to present, it has not been documented well what computational approaches or frameworks can be applied for this purpose and how we can choose the appropriate approach for each problem. In this review, we report some typical lumen morphologies and basic mechanisms for the development of lumens, focusing on three keywords - mechanics, hydraulics and geometry - while outlining pros and cons of the current main computational strategies. We also describe brief guidance of readouts, i.e., what we should measure in experiments to make the comparison with the model's assumptions and predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Fuji
- Universal Biology Institute, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sakurako Tanida
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Institute of Natural Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Makiko Nonomura
- Department of Mathematical Information Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumicho, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hisao Honda
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hiraiwa
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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4
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Van Liedekerke P, Gannoun L, Loriot A, Johann T, Lemaigre FP, Drasdo D. Quantitative modeling identifies critical cell mechanics driving bile duct lumen formation. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009653. [PMID: 35180209 PMCID: PMC8856558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary ducts collect bile from liver lobules, the smallest functional and anatomical units of liver, and carry it to the gallbladder. Disruptions in this process caused by defective embryonic development, or through ductal reaction in liver disease have a major impact on life quality and survival of patients. A deep understanding of the processes underlying bile duct lumen formation is crucial to identify intervention points to avoid or treat the appearance of defective bile ducts. Several hypotheses have been proposed to characterize the biophysical mechanisms driving initial bile duct lumen formation during embryogenesis. Here, guided by the quantification of morphological features and expression of genes in bile ducts from embryonic mouse liver, we sharpened these hypotheses and collected data to develop a high resolution individual cell-based computational model that enables to test alternative hypotheses in silico. This model permits realistic simulations of tissue and cell mechanics at sub-cellular scale. Our simulations suggest that successful bile duct lumen formation requires a simultaneous contribution of directed cell division of cholangiocytes, local osmotic effects generated by salt excretion in the lumen, and temporally-controlled differentiation of hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes, with apical constriction of cholangiocytes only moderately affecting luminal size. The initial step in bile duct development is the formation of a biliary lumen, a process which involves several cellular mechanisms, such as cell division and polarization, and secretion of fluid. However, how these mechanisms are orchestrated in time and space is difficult to understand. Here, we built a computational model of biliary lumen formation which represents every cell and its function in detail. With the model we can simulate the effect of biophysical aspects that affect duct formation. We have tested the individual and combined effects of directed cell division, apical constriction, and osmotic effects on lumen expansion by varying the parameters that control their relative strength. Our simulations suggest that successful bile duct lumen formation requires the simultaneous contribution of directed cell division of cholangiocytes, local osmotic effects generated by salt excretion in the lumen, and temporally-controlled differentiation of hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes, with apical constriction of cholangiocytes only moderately affecting luminal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Van Liedekerke
- Inria Saclay Île-De-France, Palaiseau, France
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Inria de Paris & Sorbonne Université LJLL, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PVL); (DD)
| | - Lila Gannoun
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Loriot
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim Johann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Drasdo
- Inria Saclay Île-De-France, Palaiseau, France
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- Inria de Paris & Sorbonne Université LJLL, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PVL); (DD)
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5
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Blastocoel morphogenesis: A biophysics perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 130:12-23. [PMID: 34756494 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blastocoel is a fluid-filled cavity characteristic of animal embryos at the blastula stage. Its emergence is commonly described as the result of cleavage patterning, but this historical view conceals a large diversity of mechanisms and overlooks many unsolved questions from a biophysics perspective. In this review, we describe generic mechanisms for blastocoel morphogenesis, rooted in biological literature and simple physical principles. We propose novel directions of study and emphasize the importance to study blastocoel morphogenesis as an evolutionary and physical continuum.
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6
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Torres-Sánchez A, Winter MK, Salbreux G. Tissue hydraulics: Physics of lumen formation and interaction. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203724. [PMID: 34339904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lumen formation plays an essential role in the morphogenesis of tissues during development. Here we review the physical principles that play a role in the growth and coarsening of lumens. Solute pumping by the cell, hydraulic flows driven by differences of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures, balance of forces between extracellular fluids and cell-generated cytoskeletal forces, and electro-osmotic effects have been implicated in determining the dynamics and steady-state of lumens. We use the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics to discuss the relevant force, time and length scales involved in these processes. We focus on order of magnitude estimates of physical parameters controlling lumen formation and coarsening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Kerr Winter
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1205 Genève, Switzerland.
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7
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Wet-tip versus dry-tip regimes of osmotically driven fluid flow. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4528. [PMID: 30872654 PMCID: PMC6418297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of osmolytes into a lumen and thereby caused osmotic water inflow can drive fluid flows in organs without a mechanical pump. Such fluids include saliva, sweat, pancreatic juice and bile. The effects of elevated fluid pressure and the associated mechanical limitations of organ function remain largely unknown since fluid pressure is difficult to measure inside tiny secretory channels in vivo. We consider the pressure profile of the coupled osmolyte-flow problem in a secretory channel with a closed tip and an open outlet. Importantly, the entire lateral boundary acts as a dynamic fluid source, the strength of which self-organizes through feedback from the emergent pressure solution itself. We derive analytical solutions and compare them to numerical simulations of the problem in three-dimensional space. The theoretical results reveal a phase boundary in a four-dimensional parameter space separating the commonly considered regime with steady flow all along the channel, here termed “wet-tip” regime, from a “dry-tip” regime suffering ceased flow downstream from the closed tip. We propose a relation between the predicted phase boundary and the onset of cholestasis, a pathological liver condition with reduced bile outflow. The phase boundary also sets an intrinsic length scale for the channel which could act as a length sensor during organ growth.
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8
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Marbach S, Bocquet L. Osmosis, from molecular insights to large-scale applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3102-3144. [PMID: 31114820 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad variety of processes and fields. It is the archetype of entropic forces, both trivial in its fundamental expression - the van 't Hoff perfect gas law - and highly subtle in its physical roots. While osmosis is intimately linked with transport across membranes, it also manifests itself as an interfacial transport phenomenon: the so-called diffusio-osmosis and -phoresis, whose consequences are presently actively explored for example for the manipulation of colloidal suspensions or the development of active colloidal swimmers. Here we give a global and unifying view of the phenomenon of osmosis and its consequences with a multi-disciplinary perspective. Pushing the fundamental understanding of osmosis allows one to propose new perspectives for different fields and we highlight a number of examples along these lines, for example introducing the concepts of osmotic diodes, active separation and far from equilibrium osmosis, raising in turn fundamental questions in the thermodynamics of separation. The applications of osmosis are also obviously considerable and span very diverse fields. Here we discuss a selection of phenomena and applications where osmosis shows great promises: osmotic phenomena in membrane science (with recent developments in separation, desalination, reverse osmosis for water purification thanks in particular to the emergence of new nanomaterials); applications in biology and health (in particular discussing the kidney filtration process); osmosis and energy harvesting (in particular, osmotic power and blue energy as well as capacitive mixing); applications in detergency and cleaning, as well as for oil recovery in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marbach
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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9
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Mechanical Characterization of Microengineered Epithelial Cysts by Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Biophys J 2017; 112:398-409. [PMID: 28122225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs contain interconnected tubular tissues that are one-cell-thick, polarized epithelial monolayers enclosing a fluid-filled lumen. Such tissue organization plays crucial roles in developmental and normal physiology, and the proper functioning of these tissues depends on their regulation by complex biochemical perturbations and equally important, but poorly understood, mechanical perturbations. In this study, by combining micropatterning techniques and atomic force microscopy, we developed a simple in vitro experimental platform for characterizing the mechanical properties of the MDCK II cyst, the simplest model of lumen-enclosing epithelial monolayers. By using this platform, we estimated the elasticity of the cyst monolayer and showed that the presence of a luminal space influences cyst mechanics substantially, which could be attributed to polarization and tissue-level coordination. More interestingly, the results from force-relaxation experiments showed that the cysts also displayed tissue-level poroelastic characteristics that differed slightly from those of single cells. Our study provides the first quantitative findings, to our knowledge, on the tissue-level mechanics of well-polarized epithelial cysts and offers new insights into the interplay between cyst mechanics and cyst physiology. Moreover, our simple platform is a potentially useful tool for enhancing the current understanding of cyst mechanics in health and disease.
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10
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Jansen PLM, Ghallab A, Vartak N, Reif R, Schaap FG, Hampe J, Hengstler JG. The ascending pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 2017; 65:722-738. [PMID: 27981592 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we develop the argument that cholestatic liver diseases, particularly primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), evolve over time with anatomically an ascending course of the disease process. The first and early lesions are in "downstream" bile ducts. This eventually leads to cholestasis, and this causes bile salt (BS)-mediated toxic injury of the "upstream" liver parenchyma. BS are toxic in high concentration. These concentrations are present in the canalicular network, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Leakage of bile from this network and ducts could be an important driver of toxicity. The liver has a great capacity to adapt to cholestasis, and this may contribute to a variable symptom-poor interval that is often observed. Current trials with drugs that target BS toxicity are effective in only about 50%-60% of primary biliary cholangitis patients, with no effective therapy in PSC. This motivated us to develop and propose a new view on the pathophysiology of primary biliary cholangitis and PSC in the hope that these new drugs can be used more effectively. These views may lead to better stratification of these diseases and to recommendations on a more "tailored" use of the new therapeutic agents that are currently tested in clinical trials. Apical sodium-dependent BS transporter inhibitors that reduce intestinal BS absorption lower the BS load and are best used in cholestatic patients. The effectiveness of BS synthesis-suppressing drugs, such as farnesoid X receptor agonists, is greatest when optimal adaptation is not yet established. By the time cytochrome P450 7A1 expression is reduced these drugs may be less effective. Anti-inflammatory agents are probably most effective in early disease, while drugs that antagonize BS toxicity, such as ursodeoxycholic acid and nor-ursodeoxycholic acid, may be effective at all disease stages. Endoscopic stenting in PSC should be reserved for situations of intercurrent cholestasis and cholangitis, not for cholestasis in end-stage disease. These are arguments to consider a step-wise pathophysiology for these diseases, with therapy adjusted to disease stage. An obstacle in such an approach is that disease stage-defining biomarkers are still lacking. This review is meant to serve as a call to prioritize the development of biomarkers that help to obtain a better stratification of these diseases. (Hepatology 2017;65:722-738).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L M Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Nachiket Vartak
- Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raymond Reif
- Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine 1, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Research Network of Liver Systems Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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11
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de Almeida RMC, Clendenon SG, Richards WG, Boedigheimer M, Damore M, Rossetti S, Harris PC, Herbert BS, Xu WM, Wandinger-Ness A, Ward HH, Glazier JA, Bacallao RL. Transcriptome analysis reveals manifold mechanisms of cyst development in ADPKD. Hum Genomics 2016; 10:37. [PMID: 27871310 PMCID: PMC5117508 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes progressive loss of renal function in adults as a consequence of the accumulation of cysts. ADPKD is the most common genetic cause of end-stage renal disease. Mutations in polycystin-1 occur in 87% of cases of ADPKD and mutations in polycystin-2 are found in 12% of ADPKD patients. The complexity of ADPKD has hampered efforts to identify the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. No current FDA (Federal Drug Administration)-approved therapies ameliorate ADPKD progression. Results We used the de Almeida laboratory’s sensitive new transcriptogram method for whole-genome gene expression data analysis to analyze microarray data from cell lines developed from cell isolates of normal kidney and of both non-cystic nephrons and cysts from the kidney of a patient with ADPKD. We compared results obtained using standard Ingenuity Volcano plot analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and transcriptogram analysis. Transcriptogram analysis confirmed the findings of Ingenuity, GSEA, and published analysis of ADPKD kidney data and also identified multiple new expression changes in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways related to cell growth, cell death, genetic information processing, nucleotide metabolism, signal transduction, immune response, response to stimulus, cellular processes, ion homeostasis and transport and cofactors, vitamins, amino acids, energy, carbohydrates, drugs, lipids, and glycans. Transcriptogram analysis also provides significance metrics which allow us to prioritize further study of these pathways. Conclusions Transcriptogram analysis identifies novel pathways altered in ADPKD, providing new avenues to identify both ADPKD’s mechanisms of pathogenesis and pharmaceutical targets to ameliorate the progression of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40246-016-0095-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M C de Almeida
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Instituto de Física and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sherry G Clendenon
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Damore
- AMGEN Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320-1799, USA
| | - Sandro Rossetti
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Britney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Min Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VAMC and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology MSC08-4640 and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Heather H Ward
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - James A Glazier
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Richard Roudebush VAMC and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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12
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Belmonte JM, Clendenon SG, Oliveira GM, Swat MH, Greene EV, Jeyaraman S, Glazier JA, Bacallao RL. Virtual-tissue computer simulations define the roles of cell adhesion and proliferation in the onset of kidney cystic disease. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3673-3685. [PMID: 27193300 PMCID: PMC5221598 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual-tissue modeling is used to model emergent cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. Model predictions, confirmed experimentally, show that decreased cell adhesion is necessary to produce stalk cysts, and loss of contact inhibition causes saccular cysts. Virtual-tissue modeling can be used to fully explore cell- and tissue-based behaviors. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cysts accumulate and progressively impair renal function. Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes are causally linked to ADPKD, but how these mutations drive cell behaviors that underlie ADPKD pathogenesis is unknown. Human ADPKD cysts frequently express cadherin-8 (cad8), and expression of cad8 ectopically in vitro suffices to initiate cystogenesis. To explore cell behavioral mechanisms of cad8-driven cyst initiation, we developed a virtual-tissue computer model. Our simulations predicted that either reduced cell–cell adhesion or reduced contact inhibition of proliferation triggers cyst induction. To reproduce the full range of cyst morphologies observed in vivo, changes in both cell adhesion and proliferation are required. However, only loss-of-adhesion simulations produced morphologies matching in vitro cad8-induced cysts. Conversely, the saccular cysts described by others arise predominantly by decreased contact inhibition, that is, increased proliferation. In vitro experiments confirmed that cell–cell adhesion was reduced and proliferation was increased by ectopic cad8 expression. We conclude that adhesion loss due to cadherin type switching in ADPKD suffices to drive cystogenesis. Thus, control of cadherin type switching provides a new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Belmonte
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Sherry G Clendenon
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Guilherme M Oliveira
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Maciej H Swat
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Evan V Greene
- Division of Nephrology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Srividhya Jeyaraman
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - James A Glazier
- Biocomplexity Institute, Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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13
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Chara O, Brusch L. Mathematical modelling of fluid transport and its regulation at multiple scales. Biosystems 2015; 130:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Li D, Mangan A, Cicchini L, Margolis B, Prekeris R. FIP5 phosphorylation during mitosis regulates apical trafficking and lumenogenesis. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:428-37. [PMID: 24591568 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201338128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical lumen formation is a key step during epithelial morphogenesis. The establishment of the apical lumen is a complex process that involves coordinated changes in plasma membrane composition, endocytic transport, and cytoskeleton organization. These changes are accomplished, at least in part, by the targeting and fusion of Rab11/FIP5-containing apical endosomes with the apical membrane initiation site (AMIS). Although AMIS formation and polarized transport of Rab11/FIP5-containing endosomes are crucial for the formation of a single apical lumen, the spatiotemporal regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the formation of the midbody during cytokinesis is a symmetry-breaking event that establishes the location of the AMIS. The interaction of FIP5 with SNX18, which is required for the formation of apical endocytic carriers, is inhibited by GSK-3 phosphorylation at FIP5-T276. Importantly, we show that FIP5-T276 phosphorylation occurs specifically during metaphase and anaphase, to ensure the fidelity and timing of FIP5-endosome targeting to the AMIS during apical lumen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Syed ZA, Bougé AL, Byri S, Chavoshi TM, Tång E, Bouhin H, van Dijk-Härd IF, Uv A. A luminal glycoprotein drives dose-dependent diameter expansion of the Drosophila melanogaster hindgut tube. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002850. [PMID: 22876194 PMCID: PMC3410870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step in epithelial organ development is size maturation of the organ lumen to attain correct dimensions. Here we show that the regulated expression of Tenectin (Tnc) is critical to shape the Drosophila melanogaster hindgut tube. Tnc is a secreted protein that fills the embryonic hindgut lumen during tube diameter expansion. Inside the lumen, Tnc contributes to detectable O-Glycans and forms a dense striated matrix. Loss of tnc causes a narrow hindgut tube, while Tnc over-expression drives tube dilation in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular analyses show that luminal accumulation of Tnc causes an increase in inner and outer tube diameter, and cell flattening within the tube wall, similar to the effects of a hydrostatic pressure in other systems. When Tnc expression is induced only in cells at one side of the tube wall, Tnc fills the lumen and equally affects all cells at the lumen perimeter, arguing that Tnc acts non-cell-autonomously. Moreover, when Tnc expression is directed to a segment of a tube, its luminal accumulation is restricted to this segment and affects the surrounding cells to promote a corresponding local diameter expansion. These findings suggest that deposition of Tnc into the lumen might contribute to expansion of the lumen volume, and thereby to stretching of the tube wall. Consistent with such an idea, ectopic expression of Tnc in different developing epithelial tubes is sufficient to cause dilation, while epidermal Tnc expression has no effect on morphology. Together, the results show that epithelial tube diameter can be modelled by regulating the levels and pattern of expression of a single luminal glycoprotein. Epithelial tubes constitute the functional units of vital organs, and they undergo highly regulated changes in size and shape during development to accommodate the three-dimensional configurations optimal for organ physiology. Through studies of Drosophila melanogaster, we show that epithelial tube diameter can be modelled simply by regulating the levels and pattern of expression of a single glycoprotein. The protein is secreted into the tubular lumen, where it forms a dense matrix and acts in a dose-dependent manner to drive diameter growth. We suggest that deposition of the protein into the lumen promotes local expansion of the lumen volume, and thereby stretching of the surrounding tube wall. Such a mechanism could represent a general means to adjust tube diameter during epithelial organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfeqhar A. Syed
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne-Laure Bougé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sunitha Byri
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina M. Chavoshi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erika Tång
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hervé Bouhin
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Iris F. van Dijk-Härd
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AU), (IFvD-H)
| | - Anne Uv
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AU), (IFvD-H)
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16
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Alcaraz J, Mori H, Ghajar CM, Brownfield D, Galgoczy R, Bissell MJ. Collective epithelial cell invasion overcomes mechanical barriers of collagenous extracellular matrix by a narrow tube-like geometry and MMP14-dependent local softening. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:1153-66. [PMID: 21993836 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell invasion (CCI) through interstitial collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to the initial stages of branching morphogenesis, and a hallmark of tissue repair and dissemination of certain tumors. The collagenous ECM acts as a mechanical barrier against CCI. However, the physical nature of this barrier and how it is overcome by cells remains incompletely understood. To address these questions, we performed theoretical and experimental analysis of mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis in 3D type I collagen (collagen-I) gels. We found that the mechanical resistance of collagen-I is largely due to its elastic rather than its viscous properties. We also identified two strategies utilized by mammary epithelial cells that can independently minimize ECM mechanical resistance during CCI. First, cells adopt a narrow tube-like geometry during invasion, which minimizes the elastic opposition from the ECM as revealed by theoretical modeling of the most frequent invasive shapes and sizes. Second, the stiffness of the collagenous ECM is reduced at invasive fronts due to its degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as indicated by direct measurements of collagen-I microelasticity by atomic force microscopy. Molecular techniques further specified that the membrane-bound MMP14 mediates degradation of collagen-I at invasive fronts. Thus, our findings reveal that MMP14 is necessary to efficiently reduce the physical restraints imposed by collagen-I during branching morphogenesis, and help our overall understanding of how forces are balanced between cells and their surrounding ECM to maintain collective geometry and mechanical stability during CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Alcaraz
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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17
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Engelberg JA, Datta A, Mostov KE, Hunt CA. MDCK cystogenesis driven by cell stabilization within computational analogues. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002030. [PMID: 21490722 PMCID: PMC3072361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of epithelial morphogenesis is fundamental to increasing our
understanding of organ function and disease. Great progress has been made
through study of culture systems such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells,
but many aspects of even simple morphogenesis remain unclear. For example, are
specific cell actions tightly coupled to the characteristics of the cell's
environment or are they more often cell state dependent? How does the single
lumen, single cell layer cyst consistently emerge from a variety of cell
actions? To improve insight, we instantiated in silico analogues that used
hypothesized cell behavior mechanisms to mimic MDCK cystogenesis. We tested them
through in vitro experimentation and quantitative validation. We observed novel
growth patterns, including a cell behavior shift that began around day five of
growth. We created agent-oriented analogues that used the cellular Potts model
along with an Iterative Refinement protocol. Following several refinements, we
achieved a degree of validation for two separate mechanisms. Both survived
falsification and achieved prespecified measures of similarity to cell culture
properties. In silico components and mechanisms mapped to in vitro counterparts.
In silico, the axis of cell division significantly affects lumen number without
changing cell number or cyst size. Reducing the amount of in silico luminal cell
death had limited effect on cystogenesis. Simulations provide an observable
theory for cystogenesis based on hypothesized, cell-level operating
principles. Epithelial cells perform essential functions throughout the body, acting as both
barrier and transporter and allowing an organism to survive and thrive in varied
environments. Although the details of many processes that occur within
individual cells are well understood, we still lack a thorough understanding of
how cells coordinate their behaviors to create complex tissues. In order to
achieve deeper insight, we created a list of targeted attributes and plausible
rules for the growth of multicellular cysts formed by Madin-Darby canine kidney
(MDCK) cells grown in vitro. We then designed in silico analogues of MDCK
cystogenesis using object-oriented programming. In silico components (such as
the cells and lumens) and their behaviors directly mapped to in vitro components
and mechanisms. We conducted in vitro experiments to generate data that would
validate or falsify the in silico analogues and then iteratively refined the
analogues to mimic that data. Cells in vitro begin to stabilize at around the
fifth day even as cysts continue to expand. The in silico system mirrored that
behavior and others, achieving new insights. For example, luminal cell death is
not strictly required for cystogenesis, and cell division orientation is very
important for normal cyst growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Engelberg
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of
California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anirban Datta
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco,
California, United States of America
| | - Keith E. Mostov
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco,
California, United States of America
| | - C. Anthony Hunt
- UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of
California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of
California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chara O, Espelt MV, Krumschnabel G, Schwarzbaum PJ. Regulatory volume decrease and P receptor signaling in fish cells: mechanisms, physiology, and modeling approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 315:175-202. [PMID: 21290610 DOI: 10.1002/jez.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For animal cell plasma membranes, the permeability of water is much higher than that of ions and other solutes, and exposure to hyposmotic conditions almost invariably causes rapid water influx and cell swelling. In this situation, cells deploy regulatory mechanisms to preserve membrane integrity and avoid lysis. The phenomenon of regulatory volume decrease, the partial or full restoration of cell volume following cell swelling, is well-studied in mammals, with uncountable investigations yielding details on the signaling network and the effector mechanisms involved in the process. In comparison, cells from other vertebrates and from invertebrates received little attention, despite of the fact that e.g. fish cells could present rewarding model systems given the diversity in ecology and lifestyle of this animal group that may be reflected by an equal diversity of physiological adaptive mechanisms, including those related to cell volume regulation. In this review, we therefore present an overview on the most relevant aspects known on hypotonic volume regulation presently known in fish, summarizing transporters and signaling pathways described so far, and then focus on an aspect we have particularly studied over the past years using fish cell models, i.e. the role of extracellular nucleotides in mediating cell volume recovery of swollen cells. We, furthermore, present diverse modeling approaches developed on the basis of data derived from studies with fish and other models and discuss their potential use for gaining insight into the theoretical framework of volume regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Chara
- IFLYSIB (CONICET, UNLP), La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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