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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Channe P, Chavan M, Bhonde R, Kheur SM. Antifibrotic Effect of Baicalin on Arecoline Induced Human Oral Fibroblast: An In-Vitro Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1349-1355. [PMID: 38679996 PMCID: PMC11162740 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalin is a flavonoid obtained from the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, which has a wide varieties of health benefits and scope to be studied for its therapeutic potential in oral fibrosis. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the antifibrotic effect of a Baicalin in arecoline induced human oral fibroblast in vitro setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS Arecoline and ethanolic extracts of Baicalin were commercially purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Human oral fibroblasts were cultured and characterized with specific fibroblast markers, and cells were stimulated with arecoline. An MTT assay (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was executed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of arecoline and Baicalin. Arecoline-induced cells (25µg/ml) were treated with a non-toxic dose of Baicalin (proliferative dose of 25µg/ml). Cytokine (CCL2, CXCL-8, IL17, IL-beta, and IL-6) and fibrotic marker genes were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The inhibitory effect of Baicalin was studied to prove its antifibrotic properties. RESULTS Arecoline significantly upregulated all inflammatory and fibrotic markers. On treatment with 25µg/ml of Baicalin, all inflammatory and fibrotic markers were inhibited. Arecoline affects fibroblast morphology, supporting the fact that arecoline is cytotoxic to cells. CONCLUSION Baicalin can be used as an antifibrotic herb to treat OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Channe
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil, Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mahesh Chavan
- Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil, Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Supriya M Kheur
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil, Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Boo YC. Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Rosmarinic Acid and the Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants for the Treatment of Fibrosis of Various Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38397744 PMCID: PMC10886237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Mancak M, Altintas D, Balaban Y, Caliskan UK. Evidence-based herbal treatments in liver diseases. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2024; 5:50-60. [PMID: 38283267 PMCID: PMC10809338 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main organ for metabolic and detoxification reactions in the body. Therefore, its diseases can be associated with both metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and exogenous insults such as drugs, xenobiotics, or alcohol. Indeed, lifestyle changes are the primary approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Since ancient times, herbals have also been used for preventive and therapeutic purposes, because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Here, the literature was reviewed for potential therapeutic effects of plants and their compounds by including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials. Although the available data imply some beneficial roles of herbals on the liver, the indications and posology of specific plants need to be clarified through multicenter, randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methiye Mancak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Dudu Altintas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Duzce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Duzce, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Balaban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Koca Caliskan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
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5
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Mohammed OS, Attia HG, Mohamed BMSA, Elbaset MA, Fayed HM. Current investigations for liver fibrosis treatment: between repurposing the FDA-approved drugs and the other emerging approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11808. [PMID: 38022905 PMCID: PMC10662312 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term liver injuries lead to hepatic fibrosis, often progressing into cirrhosis, liver failure, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no effective therapy available for liver fibrosis. Thus, continuous investigations for anti-fibrotic therapy are ongoing. The main theme of anti-fibrotic investigation during recent years is the rationale-based selection of treatment molecules according to the current understanding of the pathology of the disease. The research efforts are mainly toward repurposing current FDA-approved drugs targeting etiological molecular factors involved in developing liver fibrosis. In parallel, investigations also focus on experimental small molecules with evidence to hinder or reverse the fibrosis. Natural compounds, immunological, and genetic approaches have shown significant encouraging effects. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of current under-investigation antifibrosis medications targeting various molecular targets, as well as the properties of antifibrosis medications, mainly in phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima S. Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Sabir U, Gu HM, Zhang DW. Extracellular matrix turnover: phytochemicals target and modulate the dual role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4932-4962. [PMID: 37461256 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) resolution by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a well-documented mechanism. MMPs play a dual and complex role in modulating ECM degradation at different stages of liver fibrosis, depending on the timing and levels of their expression. Increased MMP-1 combats disease progression by cleaving the fibrillar ECM. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) increase expression of MMP-2, -9, and -13 in different chemicals-induced animal models, which may alleviate or worsen disease progression based on animal models and the stage of liver fibrosis. In the early stage, elevated expression of certain MMPs may damage surrounding tissue and activate HSCs, promoting fibrosis progression. At the later stage, downregulation of MMPs can facilitate ECM accumulation and disease progression. A number of phytochemicals modulate MMP activity and ECM turnover, alleviating disease progression. However, the effects of phytochemicals on the expression of different MMPs are variable and may depend on the disease models and stage, and the dosage, timing and duration of phytochemicals used in each study. Here, we review the most recent advances in the role of MMPs in the effects of phytochemicals on liver fibrogenesis, which indicates that further studies are warranted to confirm and define the potential clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Zheng W, Bian S, Qiu S, Bishop CE, Wan M, Xu N, Sun X, Sequeira RC, Atala A, Gu Z, Zhao W. Placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate liver fibrosis by inactivating hepatic stellate cells through a miR-378c/SKP2 axis. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:47. [PMID: 37798761 PMCID: PMC10557276 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of extracellular vesicles from placenta-derived MSCs (Pd-MSCs-EVs) on liver fibrosis at 3D/2D levels and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS The multicellular liver organoids, consisting of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, were observed for growth status, morphological changes, and metabolism. Human transformation growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce fibrosis at optimal concentration. The anti-fibrosis effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs were evaluated in liver organoids and HSCs models. Anti-fibrotic content of Pd-MSCs-EVs was identified by multiple experimental validations. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced fibrosis in liver organoids, while Pd-MSCs-EVs significantly alleviated fibrotic phenotypes. Following serial verifications, miR-378c was identified as a potential key anti-fibrosis content. In contrast, miR-378c depletion decreased the anti-fibrotic effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs. Additionally, Pd-MSCs-EVs administration repressed TGF-β1-mediated HSCs activation at 2D or 3D levels. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-378c inactivated HSCs by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through stabilizing E-cadherin via targeting its E3 ubiquitin ligase S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2 (SKP2). CONCLUSION Pd-MSCs-EVs ameliorated TGF-β1-induced fibrosis by deactivating HSCs in a miR-378c/SKP2-dependent manner, which may be an efficient therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Saiyan Bian
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xieyin Sun
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Russel Clive Sequeira
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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8
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Liu Y, Lyu Y, Zhu L, Wang H. Role of TRP Channels in Liver-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12509. [PMID: 37569884 PMCID: PMC10420300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in preserving the homeostasis of an entire organism by metabolizing both endogenous and exogenous substances, a process that relies on the harmonious interactions of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The disruption of the liver's normal structure and function by diverse pathogenic factors imposes a significant healthcare burden. At present, most of the treatments for liver disease are palliative in nature, rather than curative or restorative. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are extensively expressed in the liver, play a crucial role in regulating intracellular cation concentration and serve as the origin or intermediary stage of certain signaling pathways that contribute to liver diseases. This review provides an overview of recent developments in liver disease research, as well as an examination of the expression and function of TRP channels in various liver cell types. Furthermore, we elucidate the molecular mechanism by which TRP channels mediate liver injury, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultimately, the present discourse delves into the current state of research and extant issues pertaining to the targeting of TRP channels in the treatment of liver diseases and other ailments. Despite the numerous obstacles encountered, TRP channels persist as an extremely important target for forthcoming clinical interventions aimed at treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yihan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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Gahramanova M, Ostapchuk A, Molozhava O, Svyatetska V, Rudyk M, Hurmach Y, Gorbach O, Skivka L. Anti-inflammatory effect of polyherbal composition with hepatoprotective and choleretic properties on LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:404-412. [PMID: 36017665 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A polyherbal formulation with hepatoprotective and choleretic properties combining pharmacological potential of eight medicinal plants was developed in Nargiz Medical center (Republic of Azerbaijan) for the use as herbal tea. To explore the effect of polyherbal composition on the metabolism of LPS-stimulated macrophages in vitro. METHODS The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was conducted using specific color reactions and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nitric oxide (NO) assay was determined using the Griess reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using ROS-sensitive fluorescence indicator, H2DCFDA, by flow cytometry. Arginase activity was examined by colorimetric method. RESULTS The studied polyherbal formulation exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages which was evidenced by dose-dependent decrease of ROS generation and by shift of arginine metabolism to the increase of arginase activity and decrease of NO release. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the herbal tea reduces macrophage inflammatory activity, that provide an important rationale to utilize it for the attenuation of chronic inflammation typical of hepatobiliary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malahat Gahramanova
- Nargiz Medical Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Olga Molozhava
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalina Svyatetska
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Rudyk
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleksandr Gorbach
- Research Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Skivka
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Xu JQ, Su SB, Chen CY, Gao J, Cao ZM, Guan JL, Xiao LX, Zhao MM, Yu H, Hu YJ. Mechanisms of Ganweikang Tablets against Chronic Hepatitis B: A Comprehensive Study of Network Analysis, Molecular Docking, and Chemical Profiling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8782892. [PMID: 37197593 PMCID: PMC10185428 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8782892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major viral infection problems worldwide in public health. The exclusive proprietary Chinese medicine Ganweikang (GWK) tablet has been marketed for years in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the pharmacodynamic material basis and underlying mechanism of GWK are not completely clear. This study is aimed at investigating the pharmacological mechanism of the GWK tablet in the treatment of CHB. The chemical ingredient information was obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID), and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS. Ingredients and disease-related targets were defined by a combination of differentially expressed genes from CHB transcriptome data and open-source databases. Target-pathway-target (TPT) network analysis, molecular docking, and chemical composition analysis were adopted to further verify the key targets and corresponding active ingredients of GWK. Eight herbs of GWK were correlated to 330 compounds with positive oral bioavailability, and 199 correlated targets were identified. The TPT network was constructed based on the 146 enriched targets by KEGG pathway analysis, significantly associated with 95 pathways. Twenty-five nonvolatile components and 25 volatile components in GWK were identified in UPLC-QTOF/MS and GC-MS chromatograms. The key active ingredients of GWK include ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, tormentic acid, 11-deoxyglycyrrhetic acid, dibenzoyl methane, anisaldehyde, wogonin, protocatechuic acid, psoralen, caffeate, dimethylcaffeic acid, vanillin, β-amyrenyl acetate, formonentin, aristololactam IIIa, and 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, associated with targets CA2, NFKB1, RELA, AKT1, JUN, CA1, CA6, IKBKG, FOS, EP300, CREB1, STAT1, MMP9, CDK2, ABCB1, and ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - C. Y. Chen
- Jiaheng (Hengqin, Zhuhai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - J. Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Z. M. Cao
- Jiaheng (Hengqin, Zhuhai) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
| | - J. L. Guan
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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11
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Melaibari M, Alkreathy HM, Esmat A, Rajeh NA, Shaik RA, Alghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Apigenin in a Mice Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis: A Preclinical Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051342. [PMID: 37239014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a major health problem all over the world, and there is no effective treatment to cure it. Hence, the current study sought to assess the anti-fibrotic efficacy of apigenin against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. METHODS Forty-eight mice were put into six groups. G1: Normal Control, G2: CCl4 Control, G3: Silymarin (100 mg/kg), G4 and G5: Apigenin (2 &20 mg/Kg), G6: Apigenin alone (20 mg/Kg). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were given CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg. i.p.) twice/week for six weeks. The level of AST, ALT, TC, TG, and TB in serum and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in tissue homogenates were assessed. Histological studies by H&E staining and Immunostaining of liver tissues were also performed. RESULTS The CCl4-challenged group showed increased serum AST (4-fold), ALT (6-fold), and TB (5-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly improved these hepatic biomarkers. The CCl4-challenged group showed reduced levels of CAT (89%), GSH (53%), and increased MDA (3-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly altered these oxidative markers in tissue homogenates. The CCl4-treated group showed a two-fold increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Silymarin and apigenin treatment considerably decreased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Apigenin treatment inhibited angiogenic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression in liver tissues, and a decline in vascular endothelial cell antigen expression (CD34). CONCLUSIONS Finally, these data collectively imply that apigenin may have antifibrotic properties, which may be explained by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Melaibari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nisreen A Rajeh
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alghamdi
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Singh S, Sharma N, Shukla S, Behl T, Gupta S, Anwer MK, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau SG, Brisc C. Understanding the Potential Role of Nanotechnology in Liver Fibrosis: A Paradigm in Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062811. [PMID: 36985782 PMCID: PMC10057127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that plays a crucial role in the physiological operation of the human body. The liver controls the body's detoxification processes as well as the storage and breakdown of red blood cells, plasma protein and hormone production, and red blood cell destruction; therefore, it is vulnerable to their harmful effects, making it more prone to illness. The most frequent complications of chronic liver conditions include cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, hepatitis, and illnesses brought on by alcohol and drugs. Hepatic fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells to cause persistent liver damage through the accumulation of cytosolic matrix proteins. The purpose of this review is to educate a concise discussion of the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, the symptoms of liver fibrosis progression and regression, the clinical evaluation of liver fibrosis and the research into nanotechnology-based synthetic and herbal treatments for the liver fibrosis is summarized in this article. The herbal remedies summarized in this review article include epigallocathechin-3-gallate, silymarin, oxymatrine, curcumin, tetrandrine, glycyrrhetinic acid, salvianolic acid, plumbagin, Scutellaria baicalnsis Georgi, astragalosides, hawthorn extract, and andrographolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 150001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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13
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Plants-based medicine implication in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114207. [PMID: 36916432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic disorders are considered major health problems, due to their high incidence, increased risk of chronicling or death and the costs involved in therapies. A large number of patients with chronic liver diseases use herbal medicines and dietary supplements in parallel with allopathic treatment. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the studies conducted on the most important species of medicinal plants used in this disease, bioactive compounds and on the activity of herbal medicines in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. However, a negative aspect is that there is frequently a lack of comprehensive data on the progression of the illness and the living standards of patients who are affected when evaluating the effects of these phytocomponents on the evolution of chronic liver disease, the patients' health, and their quality of life. It is essential to take this impairment into account when evaluating the long-term effects of herbal treatments on the health of individuals who suffer from liver illness. Bioactive phytocomponents may be a suitable source for the development of novel medications due to the correlation between traditional uses and medical advances. Additional high-quality preclinical examinations utilizing cutting-edge approaches are needed to assess safety and effectiveness and to detect, categorize, and standardize the active substances and their formulations for the most suitable therapeutic management of liver illnesses.
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14
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Liu S, Chen P, Mohammed SAD, Li Z, Jiang X, Wu J, Liu S. Exploration of the potential mechanism of Baicalin for hepatic fibrosis based on network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1051100. [PMID: 36687648 PMCID: PMC9846333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is among the most effective and abundant flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that may be utilized to treat diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis (HF). Through network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation, this research intends to elucidate the multi-target mechanism of BA on HF. BA targets were screened using databases and literature. As a result, In the anti-HF mechanism, the BA and 191 HF-associated targets interact, with 9 specific targets indicating that the BA's anti-HF mechanism is closely linked to gut microbiota. Consequently, rat intestinal content samples were obtained and examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. In the BA-treated group, the gut microbiota was positively regulated at the phylum,and genus levels, with Lactobacillus performing significantly. The study concluded that BA has a multi-targeted anti-HF effect and has changed the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shadi A. D. Mohammed
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Zihui Li
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Shumin Liu,
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15
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Co-Treatments of Gardeniae Fructus and Silymarin Ameliorates Excessive Oxidative Stress-Driven Liver Fibrosis by Regulation of Hepatic Sirtuin1 Activities Using Thioacetamide-Induced Mice Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010097. [PMID: 36670959 PMCID: PMC9854785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus (GF, the dried ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) has traditionally been used to treat various diseases in East Asian countries, such as liver disease. Silymarin is a well-known medicine used to treat numerous liver diseases globally. The present study was purposed to evaluate the synergistic effects of GF and silymarin on the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis of a mouse model. Mice were orally administered with distilled water, GF (100 mg/kg, GF 100), silymarin (100 mg/kg, Sily 100), and GF and silymarin mixtures (50 and 100 mg/kg, GS 50 and 100). The GS group showed remarkable amelioration of liver injury in the serum levels and histopathology by observing the inflamed cell infiltrations and decreases in necrotic bodies through the liver tissue. TAA caused liver tissue oxidation, which was evidenced by the abnormal statuses of lipid peroxidation and deteriorations in the total glutathione in the hepatic protein levels; moreover, the immunohistochemistry supported the increases in the positive signals against 4-hydroxyneal and 8-OHdG through the liver tissue. These alterations corresponded well to hepatic inflammation by an increase in F4/80 positive cells and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hepatic protein levels; however, administration with GS, especially the high dose group, not only remarkably reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver cells but also considerably diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were driven by Kupffer cell activations, as compared with each of the single treatment groups. The pharmacological properties of GS prolonged liver fibrosis by the amelioration of hepatic stellate cells’ (HSCs’) activation that is dominantly expressed by huge extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1 and 3, respectively. We further figured out that GS ameliorated HSCs activated by the regulation of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activities in the hepatic protein levels, and this finding excellently reenacted the transforming growth factor-β-treated LX-2-cells-induced cell death signals depending on the Sirt1 activities. Future studies need to reveal the pharmacological roles of GS on the specific cell types during the liver fibrosis condition.
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16
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Wu B, Huang L, Wang Y, Zeng L, Lin Y, Li J, Wang S, Zhang G, An L. Yao medicine Amydrium hainanense suppresses hepatic fibrosis by repressing hepatic stellate cell activation via STAT3 signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043022. [PMID: 36588728 PMCID: PMC9794994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Hepatic fibrosis (HF) occurs in response to chronic liver injury and may easily develop into irreversible liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Amydrium hainanense water extract (AHWE) is a water-soluble component extracted from the Yao medicine Amydrium hainanense (H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng) H.Li, which is commonly used for treating inflammatory diseases in folk. Previous evidence suggested that AHWE significantly inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation. However, little is known regarding the therapeutic effect of AHWE in HF and its underlying action mechanism. Objective: Investigation of the therapeutic effect of AHWE in HF and its underlying mechanism. Methods: The therapeutic effect of AHWE was tested in vivo using an HF mouse model via an intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Histological evaluation of liver injury and fibrosis were tested by H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Serum levels of ALT, AST, collagen type I (Col I), and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured. The mRNA expression of liver fibrotic and inflammatory genes were tested, and the protein levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) were analyzed. The in vitro experiments were conducted using HSC-T6 and RAW264.7 cell lines. Results: Treatment with AHWE significantly reversed histopathological liver damage and liver function abnormalities in CCl4 mouse model. Also, the serum levels of ALT, AST, Col I, and HYP in CCl4-induced HF mice were improved in AHWE treatment. Further, AHWE showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on the expression of fibrosis markers (Acta2, Col1a1, and Col3a1) and inflammatory factors (Stat3, Tnfa, Il6, and Il1b) induced by CCl4. The results of in vitro experiments were consistent with those obtained in vivo. In addition, it is shown that STAT3 signaling was involved in the anti-fibrotic effects of AHWE as evidenced by STAT3 overexpression. Conclusion: The present study proposed a novel ethnomedicine for HF and suggested the underlying role of STAT3 signaling pathway regulation in this anti-fibrotic effect of the proposed medicine. These findings would serve as solid scientific evidence in support of the development of AHWE as a novel alternative or complementary therapy for HF prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaogui Wang
- *Correspondence: Shaogui Wang, ; Guifang Zhang, ; Lin An,
| | - Guifang Zhang
- *Correspondence: Shaogui Wang, ; Guifang Zhang, ; Lin An,
| | - Lin An
- *Correspondence: Shaogui Wang, ; Guifang Zhang, ; Lin An,
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17
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Biswas P, Ghorai M, Mishra T, Gopalakrishnan AV, Roy D, Mane AB, Mundhra A, Das N, Mohture VM, Patil MT, Rahman MH, Jha NK, Batiha GES, Saha SC, Shekhawat MS, Radha, Kumar M, Pandey DK, Dey A. Piper longum L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and health-promoting activities. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4425-4476. [PMID: 36256521 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Piper longum (family Piperaceae), commonly known as "long-pepper" or "Pippali" grows as a perennial shrub or as an herbaceous vine. It is native to the Indo-Malaya region and widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical world including the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Middle-East, and America. The fruits are mostly used as culinary spice and preservatives and are also a potent remedy in various traditional medicinal systems against bronchitis, cough, cold, snakebite, and scorpion-sting and are also used as a contraceptive. Various bioactive-phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, esters, and steroids were identified from the plant extracts and essential oils from the roots and fruits were reported as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anthelminthic, mosquito-larvicidal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, neuro-pharmacological, antihyperglycaemic, hepato-protective, antihyperlipidaemic, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antiarthritic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, cardioprotective, and anti-snake-venom agents. Many of its pharmacological properties were attributed to its antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects and its ability to modulate a number of signalling pathways and enzymes. This review comprehensively encompasses information on habit, distribution, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of P. longum in relation to its medicinal importance and health benefits to validate the traditional claims supported by specific scientific experiments. In addition, it also discusses the safety and toxicity studies, application of green synthesis and nanotechnology as well as clinical trials performed with the plant also elucidating research gaps and future perspectives of its multifaceted uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debleena Roy
- Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Avinash Mundhra
- Department of Botany, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, India
| | - Neela Das
- Department of Botany, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, India
| | | | - Manoj Tukaram Patil
- Department of Botany, SNJB's KKHA Arts SMGL Commerce and SPHJ Science College Chandwad (Nashik) Maharashtra, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, KM Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.,Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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18
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Amer MA, Othman AI, El-Missiry MA, Farag AA, Amer ME. Proanthocyanidins attenuated liver damage and suppressed fibrosis in CCl4-treated rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:91127-91138. [PMID: 35881285 PMCID: PMC9722827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver damage and fibrosis are serious health problems without effective treatment. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoids with several biological effects. We investigated the potential anti-fibrotic effect of proanthocyanidins on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by oral administration of CCl4 three times a week for 5 and 9 weeks. PAs were daily administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg bw. Animals were divided into five groups: control groups, olive oil-treated group, Pas-treated group, CCl4-treated animals, and PAs + CCl4-treated rats. CCl4 and PAs were administered by gavage. Administration of CCl4 caused a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, the concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin, and bilirubin concentration. In addition, the protein and apolipoprotein contents were significantly decreased in the serum of CCl4-treated rats. These results were accompanied by histopathological alterations and increased inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Treatment with PAs caused remarkable regression of fibrosis and alpha-2-macroglobulin with improvement in histological characteristics of the liver after 5 and 9 weeks of intoxication. PAs could also maintain redox balance, evidenced by the prevention of lipid peroxidation and mitigation of the decrease in antioxidants. Treatment of intoxicated rats with PAs resulted in a significant decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum. This is associated with a remarkable decrease in apoptosis of hepatic cells shown by decreased levels of Bax, caspase-3, and -9, with increased Bcl-2. The protective effect of PAs was also evident by protecting DNA integrity in the intoxicated rats. PAs suppressed hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function and structure via modulating the interdependence between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA integrity in CCl4-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Aya A Farag
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Luo F, Yu Y, Li M, Chen Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Lv G. Polymeric nanomedicines for the treatment of hepatic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:488. [PMCID: PMC9675156 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the human body and performs many functions, such as digestion, detoxification, metabolism, immune responses, and vitamin and mineral storage. Therefore, disorders of liver functions triggered by various hepatic diseases, including hepatitis B virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and transplant rejection, significantly threaten human health worldwide. Polymer-based nanomedicines, which can be easily engineered with ideal physicochemical characteristics and functions, have considerable merits, including contributions to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects of drugs, in the treatment of hepatic diseases compared to traditional therapeutic agents. This review describes liver anatomy and function, and liver targeting strategies, hepatic disease treatment applications and intrahepatic fates of polymeric nanomedicines. The challenges and outlooks of hepatic disease treatment with polymeric nanomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Luo
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Li
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Jamil S, Dastagir G, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Yusufoglu HS, Alkreathy HM, Ertürk Ö, Shah MAR, Khan RA. Carduus edelbergii Rech. f. Mediated Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles; Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potency of the Synthesized AuNPs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196669. [PMID: 36235206 PMCID: PMC9572856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the high expense, less effectiveness and more side effects of available synthetic medicine, the researchers and communities are focusing on phyto-based natural bioactive compounds, which are considered safer for the treatment of syndromes and chronic diseases. Aim: The current project was aimed to determine the phytochemicals constituents available in the aerial parts of methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii via GC-MS, fabrication of AuNPs mediated with the mentioned extract; characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic potency of the synthesized AuNPs. Methods: Confirmation of green synthesis of AuNPs, functional groups responsible for the reduction in Au+, size and crystallinity, morphology and quantity of gold (Au) were carried out by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively, whereas in vitro antioxidant characteristics were assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol extract and AuNPs. Results: GC-MS revealed that the diluted methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii consists of about 19 chemical constituents. Among the identified compounds, the 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)—has the highest concentration (38.16%), followed by 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)—(15.72%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.07%). Methanol extract and its fabricated nanoparticles showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In vivo antidiabetic study revealed a noteworthy (p < 0.05) decline in body weight and HDL and elevated concentration of blood glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, ALP, ALT and AST in diabetic control. The said changes were recovered significantly (p < 0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanol extract (150 and 300 mg/Kg BW) and AuNPs of Carduus edelbergii (5 and 10 mg/Kg BW). Conclusion: The green synthesized AuNPs exhibit significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Jamil
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Dastagir
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hamed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 81418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ömer Ertürk
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rehman Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Ke C, Gao J, Tu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Ganfule capsule alleviates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930785. [PMID: 36278176 PMCID: PMC9585157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a pathological outcome of a variety of liver diseases, and it can also progress into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Specific liver antifibrotic drugs have not been clinically approved yet. Studies have demonstrated the protective effects of Ganfule capsule (GFL) on the liver and its therapeutic potential in hepatic cancer. However, the mechanism of GFL is not clear in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Objective: This article aims to study the protective effect of GFL on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Methods: The cholestatic liver fibrosis model was prepared by subjecting C57BL/6 mice to bile duct ligation (BDL). The GFL groups were treated with different concentrations of GFL for 14 days. Pathological analysis, serum biochemical index detection, metabonomic analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR were carried out. Results: GFL could alleviate liver injury and liver fibrosis caused by BDL in mice. Metabonomic analysis of mice serum showed postoperative metabolic disorder, which could be alleviated by GFL through glutamine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and other metabolic pathways. GFL affected glutamine metabolism by inhibiting the activity of glutaminase 1 (GLS1). The activation of GLS1 is regulated by the NF-κB pathway, and experiments showed that GFL could inhibit IκB-α and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Conclusion: This study confirms the protective effect of GFL on liver injury and shows that GFL inhibits glutamine metabolism, which was correlated with the NF-κB pathway, and eventually alleviates liver fibrosis. These results are conducive to the development of new therapeutic drugs for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Gao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangxin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Zhongshi Zhou,
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Zhongshi Zhou,
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22
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Molecular interplay promotes amelioration by quercetin during experimental hepatic inflammation in rodents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2936-2947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chen K, Guo W, Li R, Han Y, Gao Q, Wang S. Demethylzeylasteral attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by inhibiting AGAP2 mediated signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154349. [PMID: 35905567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common cause of chronic liver disease. If left untreated, it can ultimately develop into liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a direct antifibrotic therapy is currently unavailable. A re-examination of existing chemicals might be a potential strategy for finding more lead compounds against liver fibrosis. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), a naturally occurring bioactive compound found in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHf) possesses multiple pharmacological properties. However, its antifibrotic potential has not yet been fully evaluated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the antifibrotic properties of T-96 and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The antifibrotic properties of T-96 were investigated in three types of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. The effect of T-96 on the proliferation, migration, and activation of HSCs was detected using CCK-8 and scratch/wound healing assays. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by H&E, Masson's trichrome stain, and Sirius Red staining. The expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms mediating the antifibrotic effect of T-96, which was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS The T-96 treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and activation of HSCs in vitro. The administration of T-96 attenuated hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis progression in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, the RNA-seq of fibrotic liver tissues and subsequent functional verification indicated that the key mechanisms of the antifibrotic effect of T-96 were mediated by suppressing the expression of AGAP2 (Arf GAP with GTPase-like domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2), inhibiting the subsequent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (AKT), and finally reducing the expression of fibrosis-related genes. CONCLUSION Our results provide the first insight that T-96 exerts potent antifibrotic effects both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the AGAP2 mediated FAK/AKT signaling axis, and that T-96 may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiran Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rongxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yueqing Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Mahdinloo S, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Mahmoudian M, Mahmoudi J, Roshangar L, Sarfraz M, Zakeri-Milani P. Synthesis and preparation of vitamin A coupled butein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for liver fibrosis therapy in rats. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122063. [PMID: 35964827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of a therapeutic system for hepatic fibrosis has become a research hotspot to date. Butein, a simple chalcone derivative, displays anti-fibrotic effects through different pathways. However, impurities, low solubility, and low concentration in the target tissue hinder therapy with herbal ingredients. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the vitamin A (VA) storage cells, as the main contributors to liver fibrogenesis, are not readily accessible to drugs owing to their anatomical location. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to the activated HSCs is therefore critical for successful treatment. For these reasons, the current study aimed at increasing butein delivery to the liver. Hence, high purity butein was synthesized in three steps. A novel VA-Myrj52 ester conjugate was also synthesized using all-trans retinoic acid and a hydrophilic emulsifier (Myrj52) as a targeting agent. Next, butein was encapsulated inside the novel VA-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (VA-SLNs) and studied in vitro and in vivo. According to our evaluations, negatively charged SLNs with a mean diameter of 150 nm and entrapment efficacy of 75 % were successful in liver fibrosis amelioration. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VA-SLNs in fibrotic rats, for four weeks long, reduced serum AST and ALT by 58% (P, 0.001) and 72% (P, 0.05), respectively, concerning the CCl4 group. Additionally, histologic damage score decline and normalization of tissue oxidative stress markers collectively confirmed the efficacy of formulations in hepatic fibrosis and kidney damage amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran
| | - Leyla Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
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25
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Li Y, He XL, Zhou LP, Huang XZ, Li S, Guan S, Li J, Zhang L. Asiatic acid alleviates liver fibrosis via multiple signaling pathways based on integrated network pharmacology and lipidomics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175193. [PMID: 35963324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the abnormal deposition of the extracellular matrix with a severe inflammatory response and/or metabolic disorder. Asiatic acid (AA), a natural compound derived from Centella asiatica, exhibited potent anti-fibrosis effects. This investigation first confirmed the anti-fibrosis effects of AA in TGF-β-LX-2 cells and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice, and then sought to elucidate a novel mechanism of action by integrating network pharmacology and lipidomics. Network pharmacology was used to find potential targets of AA, while lipidomics was used to identify differential metabolites between fibrosis and recovered cohorts. AA could suppress hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro and improve liver fibrosis in vivo. Network pharmacology unveiled the genes involved in pathways in cancer, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors signaling pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, five key genes were found in the both human and mouse databases, indicating that arachidonic acid metabolism was important. Changes in lyso-phosphocholine (22:5), prostaglandin F2α, and other related lipid metabolites also suggested the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism the anti-fibrotic effect. In summary, our integrated strategies demonstrated that AA targeted multiple targets and impeded the progression of liver fibrosis by ameliorating arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Guangdong Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523000, PR China
| | - Xu-Lin He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Evaluation and Monitoring Center of Occupational Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Zhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Guangdong Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523000, PR China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Su Guan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Que R, Cao M, Dai Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Lin L. Decursin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by facilitating ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:378-386. [PMID: 35785548 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decursin possesses the potential to alleviate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. However, the mechanisms by which decursin alleviates hepatic fibrosis remain not fully understood. Our aim is to explore the function of decursin on regulating HSCs activation and hepatic fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effect of decursin was evaluated by Masson and Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen types I (Col1a1) expression. Ferroptosis was assessed by measuring iron concentration, glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) expression, glutathione (GSH) level, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. We found that decursin treatment decreased CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The primary HSCs isolated from decursin-treated group showed an increased Fe2+, lipid ROS level, and decreased Gpx4 and GSH levels compared with HSCs from model group. Moreover, decursin promoted ferroptosis in activated HSCs in vitro, as evidenced by declined Gpx4 and GSH levels, increased Fe2+, ROS, and Ptgs2 levels compared with control. More important, ferroptosis inhibitor destroyed the anti-fibrosis effect of decursin on HSCs. In summary, these data suggest that decursin has potential to treat hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renye Que
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 599147, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Mengxing Cao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 599147, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yancheng Dai
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 66322, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 66322, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yirong Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 599147, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Liubing Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 599147, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
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27
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Ren L, Ma XL, Wang HL, Li R, Cui JJ, Yan PJ, Wang YN, Yu XY, Du P, Yu HY, Guo HH, Tang R, Che YS, Zheng WS, Jiang JD, Wang LL. Prebiotic-like cyclodextrin assisted silybin on NAFLD through restoring liver and gut homeostasis. J Control Release 2022; 348:825-840. [PMID: 35752255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with no currently approved treatment. The natural compound silybin (SLN) has versatile hepatoprotective efficacy with negligible adverse effects; however, poor absorption limits its clinical applications. Gut microbiota has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD and targeted for disease control. Cyclodextrins, the cyclic oligosaccharides, were documented to have various health benefits with potential prebiotic properties. This study aimed to develop a silybin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion (SHβCD) to improve the therapeutic efficacy of SLN and elucidate the mechanisms of improvement. The results showed that SLN formed a 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex with HP-β-CD. The solubility of SLN was increased by generating SHβCD, resulting in improved drug permeability and bioavailability. In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed hamsters, SHβCD modulated gut health by restoring the gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. SHβCD showed superior anti-lipid accumulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects compared with SLN alone. Transcriptome analysis in the liver tissue implied that the improved inflammation and/or energy homeostasis was the potential mechanism. Therefore, SHβCD may be a promising alternative for the treatment of NAFLD, attributing to the dual functions of HβCD on drug absorption and gut microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Jin Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng-Ju Yan
- JiaMuSi University, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-You Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao-Yang Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Che
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Hafez DA, Abdelmonsif DA, Aly RG, Samy WM, Elkhodairy KA, Abo Aasy NK. Role of fennel oil/ quercetin dual nano-phytopharmaceuticals in hampering liver fibrosis: Comprehensive optimization and in vivo assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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M Soliman S, Mosallam S, Mamdouh MA, Hussein MA, M Abd El-Halim S. Design and optimization of cranberry extract loaded bile salt augmented liposomes for targeting of MCP-1/STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway in DMN-intoxicated liver in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:427-439. [PMID: 35098843 PMCID: PMC8812757 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry extract (CBE) is a major source of the antioxidant polyphenolics but suffers from limited bioavailability. The goal of this research was to encapsulate the nutraceutical (CBE), into bile salt augmented liposomes (BSALs) as a promising oral delivery system to potentiate its hepatoprotective impact against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced liver injury in rats. The inclusion of bile salt in the liposomal structure can enhance their stability within the gastrointestinal tract and promote CBE permeability. CBE loaded BSALs formulations were fabricated utilizing a (23) factorial design to explore the impact of phospholipid type (X1), phospholipid amount (X2), and sodium glycocholate (SGC) amount (X3) on BSALs properties, namely; entrapment efficiency percent, (EE%); vesicle size, (VS); polydispersity index; (PDI); zeta potential, (ZP); and release efficiency percent, (RE%). The optimum formulation (F1) exhibited spherical vesicles with EE% of 71.27 ± 0.32%, VS; 148.60 ± 6.46 nm, PDI; 0.38 ± 0.02, ZP; −18.27 ± 0.67 mV and RE%; 61.96 ± 1.07%. Compared to CBE solution, F1 had attenuated DMN-induced hepatic injury, as evidenced by the significant decrease in serum level of ALT, AST, ALP, MDA, and elevation of GSH level, as well as SOD and GPX activities. Furthermore, F1 exhibited an anti-inflammatory character by suppressing TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6, as well as downregulation of VEGF-C, STAT-3, and IFN-γ mRNA levels. This study verified that when CBE was integrated into BSALs, F1, its hepatoprotective effect was significantly potentiated to protect the liver against DMN-induced damage. Therefore, F1 could be deliberated as an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic therapy to slow down the progression of hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mosallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Mamdouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Shady M Abd El-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
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Jiao W, Bai M, Yin H, Liu J, Sun J, Su X, Zeng H, Wen J. Therapeutic Effects of an Inhibitor of Thioredoxin Reductase on Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smads Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690170. [PMID: 34540892 PMCID: PMC8440796 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important stage in the progression of liver injury into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to produce α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagens in liver fibrosis. Butaselen (BS), which was previously synthesized by our group, is an organic selenium compound that exerts antioxidant and tumor cell apoptosis–promoting effects by inhibiting the thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of BS on liver fibrosis and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. Liver fibrosis models were established using male BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. BS was administered orally once daily at a dose of 36, 90, or 180 mg/kg. Silymarin (Si), which is a drug used for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg per day as a control. The action mechanisms of BS against liver fibrosis progression were examined in HSCs. The study revealed that the activity and expression levels of TrxR were elevated in the mouse liver and serum after CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Oral administration of BS relieved the pathological state of mice with liver fibrosis, showing significant therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. Moreover, BS not only induced HSC apoptosis but also inhibited the production of α-SMA and collagens by HSCs by downregulating the TGF-β1 expression and blocking the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The results of the study indicated that BS inhibited liver fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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The potential effect of phytochemicals and herbal plant remedies for treating drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4767-4788. [PMID: 34075538 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury significantly caused by synthetic drugs, and other xenobiotics contribute to clinical hepatic dysfunction, which has been a substantial challenge for both patients and physicians. Traditional medicines used as an alternative therapy because of their pharmacological benefits, less or no side effects, and enormous availability in nature. Phytochemicals are essential ingredients of plants that reduce necrotic cell death, restore the antioxidant defence mechanism, limit oxidative stress, and prevent the inflammation of tissue and dysfunction of the mitochondria. In this review, we principally focused on the potential effect of the herbal plants and their phytochemicals in treating drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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32
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Prashar S, Sharma S, Kumar N, Kaushik R, Chawla P. Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Mineral Absorption of Ficus Palmata Fruit Extract Nanoemulsion. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:291-300. [PMID: 33856969 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1879693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of vital bioactive components of Ficus palmata fruit extract during food processing is a major issue. Therefore, to retain the antioxidant potential and to increase the mineral bioavailability, gum arabic stabilized nanoemulsion of Fig fruit extract was prepared. METHOD . Nanoemulsion was formulated using three different levels (1, 3, and 5%) of fig extract, however, to optimize the fig extract concentration, the amount of gum arabic and linoleic acid was kept constant. RESULTS The average droplet size of nanoemulsion was observed in the range of 22.88-37.87 nm, whereas the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups in the emulsion system. Also, increased ionic concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average droplet size and zeta potential of nanoemulsion during storage. Increased shear rate and temperature unveiled a slight decrease in apparent viscosity of the nanoemulsion. Non-significant (p < 0.05) difference in TBA value confirmed the oxidative stability of the emulsion. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher mineral bioavailability for calcium was observed as compared to iron and zinc. CONCLUSION Our results manifested improved anti-oxidant activity, mineral bioavailability, and oxidative stability of Fig extract nanoemulsion, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveen Kumar
- Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravinder Kaushik
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Reparative and toxicity-reducing effects of liposome-encapsulated saikosaponin in mice with liver fibrosis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225990. [PMID: 32756863 PMCID: PMC7426636 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin d (SSd), a primary active component of the Chinese herb Bupleurum falcatum, has antitumor and antiliver fibrosis effects. However, the toxicity of SSd at high doses can induce conditions such as metabolic disorders and hemolysis in vivo, thus hampering its clinical use. The present study investigated the toxicity-reducing effects of liposome encapsulation of pure SSd and the therapeutic action of SSd-loaded liposomes (Lipo-SSd) in liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Lipo-SSd (diameter, 31.7 ± 7.8 nm) was prepared at an entrapment efficiency of 94.1%. After 10-day incubation, a slow release profile of 56% SSd from Lipo-SSd was observed. The IC50 of SSd on hepatic stellate cells was approximately 2.9 μM. Lipo-SSd exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than did pure SSd. In the in vivo toxicity assay, Lipo-SSd significantly increased mice survival rate and duration compared with pure SSd at the same dose. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that liposomal encapsulation can reduce the cytotoxicity of SSd. The histopathological analysis results demonstrated that in mice with thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis, Lipo-SSd exerted more obvious fibrosis- and inflammation-alleviating and liver tissue-reparative effects than did pure SSd; these effects are potentially attributable to the sustained release of SSd. In conclusion, Lipo-SSd fabricated here have antiliver fibrosis effects and lower toxicity compared with that of pure SSd.
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34
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Habiba U, Nisar J, Choohan MA, Shah SMA, Nisar Z, Mustafa I. Antibacterial Activity of Tris NaCl and PBS Buffer Protein Extract of Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates Against Bacterial Strains. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821992239. [PMID: 33628155 PMCID: PMC7883167 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821992239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are gaining popularity over synthetic medicines because antibiotic resistance demands the alternative source of medication. In the present research, the crude protein extraction of 4 medicinal plants Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates was carried out. Crude protein extraction was done by 2 different buffers i.e. Tris NaCl buffer and PBS buffer. Protein confirmation was done by Bradford assay in the spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential was checked and compared against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion method, agar well method and zones of inhibition were calculated. The study results indicated that Tris NaCl extracts' antimicrobial potential is higher than that of the PBS buffer. On disc diffusion method the Tris NaCl buffer extracts of Cymbopogon citrates showed maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm and 9 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus respectively and control chloramphenicol showed maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis. Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus while Saccharum officinarum and Albizia lebbeck didn't show the any antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Protein extracts from PBS buffer didn't show zone of inhibition against any bacteria. Only Albizia lebbeck showed minute zone of inhibition against Neisseria gonorrhea. On well diffusion method, Cassia fistula Tris NaCl protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 20 mm and 18 mm against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis respectively. While Albizia lebbeck PBS protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 19 mm and 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The results revealed that the protein extract of Albizia lebbeck, Cymbopogon citrates and Cassia fistula can be used tosynthesize antimicrobial drugs to treat the bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ume Habiba
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram Choohan
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zonaira Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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35
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Guesmi F, Ali M, Mouhoub R, Hedfi A, AL-Harbi M, Landoulsi A. Chemopreventive strategies of teucrium alopecurus de noé water insoluble fraction for hepatocarcinogenesis in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice models: Pharmacological attributes. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_585_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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36
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Simental-Mendía LE, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, Rodríguez-Ramírez M. Beneficial Effects of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:257-272. [PMID: 33861449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming in one of the most prevalent liver diseases that leads to liver transplantation. This health problem is a multisystem disease with a complex pathogenesis that involves liver, adipose tissue, gut, and muscle. Although several pharmacological agents have been investigated to prevent or treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, currently there is no effective treatment for the management of this chronic liver disease. Nonetheless, the use of natural products has emerged as a alternative therapeutic for the treatment of hepatic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, insulin-sensitizing, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties. In the present review, we have discussed the evidence from experimental and clinical studies regarding the potential beneficial effects of plant-derived natural products (quercetin, resveratrol, berberine, pomegranate, curcumin, cinnamon, green tea, coffee, garlic, ginger, ginseng, and gingko biloba) for the treatment or prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México.
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Mariana Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
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37
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Shukry M, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, Fathallah N, Farrag F, Dawood MAO, Gewaily MS. Garlic Alleviates the Injurious Impact of Cyclosporine-A in Male Rats through Modulation of Fibrogenic and Steroidogenic Genes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:E64. [PMID: 33396300 PMCID: PMC7824053 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to study the hepato-testicular protective effect of garlic in rats treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). Forty male Westar albino rats were randomly distributed in five groups (8 rats each): control, olive oil, garlic, CsA, and CsA co-treated with garlic. CsA induced an upsurge in the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels and decreased albumin and total protein levels, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene, serum testosterone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine levels compared to the control group. Additionally, there was an increase in the cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and a substantial reduction in the high-density lipoprotein levels compared to the control groups. Histopathological investigation of the liver showed abnormalities like hepatic cell degeneration, congestion of blood vessels, and highly active Kupffer cells in the CsA group. Histopathological examination of testes showed damaged seminiferous tubules, stoppage of the maturation of spermatogonia, and the presence of cells with irregular dense nuclei in the lumina of some tubules. For the groups treated with garlic, mitigation of the damage caused by CsA in the liver and testes, liver function tests, lipid profiles, and hormones was seen along with improved gene expression of SOD and steroidogenesis genes, and decreased gene expression of collagen I-α1 and transforming growth factor-1β. Conclusively, garlic had a positive impact on CsA-induced hepatic and sperm toxicity. It is recommended that garlic should be supplemented in transplant treatments using CsA to alleviate the cyclosporin-induced oxidative injuries and other harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Nora Fathallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (F.F.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (F.F.); (M.S.G.)
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38
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Liu H, Lv C, Lu J. Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer as a potential therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis disease. Chin Med 2020; 15:124. [PMID: 33292321 PMCID: PMC7683279 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), a representative Chinese herbal medicine, can improve the body’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Recently, scientists have shifted emphasis towards the initial stages of different malignant diseases—corresponding organ fibrosis and explored the essential role of P. ginseng in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Main body In the first instance, the review generalizes the molecular mechanisms and common therapeutic methods of fibrosis. Next, due to the convenience and safety of individual medication, the research progress of ginseng extract and formulas in treating liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, and renal fibrosis has been systematically summarized. Finally, we describe active ingredients isolated from P. ginseng for their outstanding anti-fibrotic properties and further reveal the potential therapeutic prospect and limitations of P. ginseng in fibrotic diseases. Conclusions P. ginseng can be regarded as a valuable herbal medicine against fibrous tissue proliferation. Ginseng extract, derived formulas and monomers can inhibit the abundant deposition of extracellular matrix which caused by repeated damage and provide protection for fibrotic organs. Although the molecular mechanisms such as transforming growth factor β signal transduction have been confirmed, future studies should still focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms of P. ginseng in treating fibrotic disease including the therapeutic targets of synergistic action of multiple components in P. ginseng. Moreover, it is also necessary to carry out clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of P. ginseng in combination with common fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China. .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
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39
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Lee WP, Li ML, Liu YT, Lee CM, Yao HT. Qing-Yu-Mu, an Herbal Formula, Reduces Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Frying Oil Diet and Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury. J Med Food 2020; 24:77-88. [PMID: 33185481 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing-Yu-Mu (QYM) is an herbal formula used to prevent and treat liver disease in Taiwan. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of QYM were evaluated in two experimental models. First, rats were fed a high-frying oil (FO) diet containing 1.25% QYM for 5 weeks to investigate effects of QYM on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities. Then, protective effects of QYM on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic liver injury were evaluated. Results show that QYM treatment reduced FO diet-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels and increased glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity. A higher reduced GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio was observed after QYM treatment. Furthermore, QYM ameliorated CCl4-induced liver injury by reducing the activity of plasma alanine aminotransferase and histological lesions in the liver. QYM also increased the level of hepatic GSH and activities of GSH peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, chlorogenic acid, chrysophanol, and apigenin were found to be present in relative abundance in QYM. Results show that QYM may exhibit a hepatoprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Lee
- Japin Biotechnology Company, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ta Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Damiris K, Tafesh ZH, Pyrsopoulos N. Efficacy and safety of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6304-6321. [PMID: 33244194 PMCID: PMC7656211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i41.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in our understanding of the pathways linked to progression from hepatic insult to cirrhosis has led to numerous novel therapies being investigated as potential cures and inhibitors of hepatic fibrogenesis. Liver cirrhosis is the final result of prolonged fibrosis, which is an intimate balance between fibrogenesis and fibrinolysis. A number of these complex mechanisms are shared across the various etiologies of liver disease. Thankfully, investigation has yielded some promising results in regard to reversal of fibrosis, particularly the indirect benefits associated with antiviral therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B and C and the farnesoid receptor agonist for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis and metabolic associated fatty liver disease. A majority of current clinical research is focused on targeting metabolic associated fatty liver disease and its progression to metabolic steatohepatitis and ultimately cirrhosis, with some hope of potential standardized therapeutics in the near future. With our ever-evolving understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, these therapeutics focus on either controlling the primary disease (the initial trigger of fibrogenesis), interrupting receptor ligand interactions and other intracellular communications, inhibiting fibrogenesis, or even promoting resolution of fibrosis. It is imperative to thoroughly test these potential therapies with the rigorous standards of clinical therapeutic trials in order to ensure the highest standards of patient safety. In this article we will briefly review the key pathophysiological pathways that lead to liver fibrosis and present current clinical and experimental evidence that has shown reversibility of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, while commenting on therapeutic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Damiris
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Zaid H Tafesh
- Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos
- Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
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41
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Mai ZH, Huang Y, Huang D, Huang ZS, He ZX, Li PL, Zhang S, Weng JF, Gu WL. Reversine and herbal Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:696-710. [PMID: 33817258 PMCID: PMC7747499 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of reversine and Chinese medicine Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction (XSLJZD) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered with TAA, then injected with reversine intraperitoneally, and/or orally provided with XSLJZD. TAA resulted in liver injury with increases in the liver index and levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase. Reversine alleviated the liver index and AST level and improved TAA-induced pathological changes but decreased TAA-induced collagen deposition, and α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β1 expression. Reversine also modulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as RelA, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, platelet-derived growth factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein, and suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) phosphorylation and caspase 1 activation. Meanwhile, XSLJZD protected TAA-injured liver without increasing fibrosis and enhanced the regulating effect of reversine on RelA, IL-17A, IL-1β, and MCP-1 cytokines. In conclusion, reversine ameliorates liver injury and inhibits inflammation reaction by regulating NF-κB, and XSLJZD protects the liver through its synergistic effect with reversine on regulating inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hao Mai
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang He
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Weng
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
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42
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Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of polyherbal composition in patients with chronic cholecystitis. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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43
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Latief U, Ahmad R. β-carotene inhibits NF-κB and restrains diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic inflammation in Wistar rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:301-310. [PMID: 32686990 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities via a multitude of biochemical mechanisms. However, the action mechanism involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this carotene in chronic liver diseases is not fully understood. In the present investigation, we have attempted to outline a plausible mechanism of β-carotene action against liver fibrosis in albino Wistar rats. To induce hepatic fibrosis, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered in experimental rats for two weeks. DEN treated rats were divided into four groups, wherein each group comprised of five rats. β-Carotene supplement attenuated DEN-induced elevation in LFT markers (P < 0.05); averted depletion of glycogen (24%, P < 0.05) and, increased nitrite (P < 0.05), hydroxyproline (~67%, P < 0.05) and collagen levels (~65%, P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy of tissue sections stained with picrosirius red revealed accrued collagen in DEN-administered group, which was found to be reduced by β-carotene supplementation. Furthermore, β-carotene decreased the expression of iNOS/NOS-2 and NF-κB, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. Collectively, these results demonstrate that β-carotene mitigates experimental liver fibrosis via inhibition of iNOS and NF-κB in-vivo. Thus, β-carotene may be suggested as a possible nutraceutical to curb experimental liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Latief
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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44
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Mahdinloo S, Kiaie SH, Amiri A, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1279-1293. [PMID: 32874828 PMCID: PMC7451940 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damages together with an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and no specific medical therapy is approved for that until now. Due to liver metabolic capacity for drugs, the fragility of drugs, and the presence of insurmountable physiological obstacles in the way of targeting, the development of efficient drug delivery systems for anti-fibrotics seems vital. We have explored articles with a different perspective on liver fibrosis over the two decades, then collected and summarized the information by providing corresponding in vitro and in vivo cases. We have discussed the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis with different ways of fibrosis induction in animals. Furthermore, the critical chemical and herbal anti-fibrotics, biological molecules such as micro-RNAs, siRNAs, and growth factors, which can affect cell division and differentiation, are mentioned. Likewise, drug and gene delivery and therapeutic systems on in vitro and in vivo models are summarized in the data tables. This review article enlightens recent advances in emerging drugs and nanocarriers and represents perspectives on targeting strategies employed in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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45
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Ceccherini E, Cecchettini A, Morales MA, Rocchiccioli S. The Potentiality of Herbal Remedies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From In Vitro to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:813. [PMID: 32587513 PMCID: PMC7298067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a complex pathological condition, characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary epithelium. Without proper clinical management, progressive bile ducts and liver damage lead to cirrhosis and, ultimately, to liver failure. The known limited role of current drugs for treating this cholangiopathy has driven researchers to assess alternative therapeutic options. Some herbal remedies and their phytochemicals have shown anti-fibrotic properties in different experimental models of hepatic diseases and, occasionally, in clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients; however their mechanism of action is not completely understood. This review briefly examines relevant studies focusing on the potential anti-fibrotic properties of Silybum marianum, Curcuma longa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and quercetin. Each natural product is individually reviewed and the possible mechanisms of action discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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46
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Guo S, Ren X, Du J, Zhang S, Wang T, Zhang H, Zhao H, Yue W, Ho CT, Bai N. Simultaneous characterization and quantification of flavonoids in Morus australis root as potential hepatoprotective nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13259. [PMID: 32426875 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Morus australis distributed widely in China has high value in food and agriculture. Twelve phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as major constituents of M. australis root from Shaanxi province, China, while the protective effect of M. australis root on liver injury has never been determined in detail. In this study, the hepatoprotective ability of M. australis root was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The ethanol-water extract prepared from M. australis root showed protection on alcohol-induced liver damage in mice by decreasing the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, triacylglycerol and malondialdehyde, and by increasing glutathione contents. Furthermore, among 12 major constituents of M. australis root, 10 flavonoids (especially 1) showed protection against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-intoxicated HepG2 cell lines by decreased lactic dehydrogenase levels. In addition a validated HPLC-DAD method was established for the quantitative analysis of 10 flavonoids in the bioactive extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our results showed that M. australis root extract significantly alleviated the liver damage in mice. Ten flavonoids from the root of this plant exhibited protection on CCl4 -intoxicated HepG2 cell lines. This study suggests that Morus australis root has hepatoprotective potential as a promising supplement for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiameng Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Du
- Shaanxi Family Forestry Bureau, Shaanxi Jiaxian Development and Reform and Science and Technology Bureau, Yulin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Translation Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical Univeristy, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenping Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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47
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Al Mamun A, Wu Y, Jia C, Munir F, Sathy KJ, Sarker T, Monalisa I, Zhou K, Xiao J. Role of pyroptosis in liver diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106489. [PMID: 32304992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is known as a novel form of pro-inflammatory cell death program, which is exceptional from other types of cell death programs. Particularly, pyroptosis is characterized by Gasdermin family-mediated pore formation and subsequently cellular lysis, also release of several pro-inflammatory intracellular cytokines. In terms of mechanism, there are two signaling pathways involved in pyroptosis, including caspase-1, and caspase-4/5/11 mediated pathways. However, pyroptosis plays important roles in immune defense mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis plays significant roles in the development of liver diseases. In our review, we have focused on the role of pyroptosis based on the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of liver diseases. We have also highlighted targeting of pyroptosis for the therapeutic implications in liver diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kasfia Jahan Sathy
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Ilma Monalisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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48
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Lu KH, Pan YC, Sheen LY. Combination of cut-log cultivated fruiting body and solid-state cultured mycelia of Taiwanofungus camphoratus ameliorates CCl 4-induced liver injury in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:166-174. [PMID: 32257880 PMCID: PMC7109478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwanofungus camphoratus, a medicinal mushroom indigenous to Taiwan, possesses various pharmacological functions. The most recognized ethnopharmacological relevance of T. camphoratus is hepatoprotection since it was traditionally used for treating liver disorders by Taiwan aborigines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the combination of fruiting body and solid-state cultured mycelia of T. camphoratus (LDAC) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic liver damage in rats. We treated Wistar rats daily with low, medium and high [87.5, 175 and 437.5 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively] doses of LDAC for 9 weeks. After the first week of treatment, rats were administered 20% CCl4 (0.5 mL/0.3 kg bw) twice a week to induce liver damage until the treatment ended. The results showed that administration of LDAC by oral gavage significantly reduced the absolute weight of the liver and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCl4-treated rats. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and catalase (CAT) were increased by LDAC treatment. Moreover, LDAC improved CCl4-induced hepatic vacuolization, necrosis and fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, and no adverse effects were observed in the LDAC-treated groups. Based on the results, LDAC is a promising hepatoprotective agent for preventing and ameliorating CCl4-induced chronic liver injury, and this effect might be exerted through activation of the antioxidant defense system. Combining cut-log fruiting body and solid-state mycelia of T. camphoratus is an efficient production. The HPLC fingerprint shows the index compounds in the combination (LDAC). LDAC decreases serum ALT and AST levels and elevates antioxidant activity in CCl4-treated rats. LDAC dramatically improves rat hepatic necrosis and fibrosis induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Department of Hospitality Management, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan County 266, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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49
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Roehlen N, Crouchet E, Baumert TF. Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040875. [PMID: 32260126 PMCID: PMC7226751 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis due to viral or metabolic chronic liver diseases is a major challenge of global health. Correlating with liver disease progression, fibrosis is a key factor for liver disease outcome and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite different mechanism of primary liver injury and disease-specific cell responses, the progression of fibrotic liver disease follows shared patterns across the main liver disease etiologies. Scientific discoveries within the last decade have transformed the understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Removal or elimination of the causative agent such as control or cure of viral infection has shown that liver fibrosis is reversible. However, reversal often occurs too slowly or too infrequent to avoid life-threatening complications particularly in advanced fibrosis. Thus, there is a huge unmet medical need for anti-fibrotic therapies to prevent liver disease progression and HCC development. However, while many anti-fibrotic candidate agents have shown robust effects in experimental animal models, their anti-fibrotic effects in clinical trials have been limited or absent. Thus, no approved therapy exists for liver fibrosis. In this review we summarize cellular drivers and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases and discuss their impact for the development of urgently needed anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Crouchet
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle Hepato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-366853703
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50
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Ye L, Yu Y, Zhao Y. Icariin-induced miR-875-5p attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting hedgehog signaling in liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:482-491. [PMID: 31617598 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is the final endpoint for most chronic liver diseases and remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Icariin, a naturally occurring flavonol glucoside, has been reported to exhibit protective effects on liver injury and alleviate liver fibrosis. However, the underlying detail molecular mechanism is not fully revealed. METHODS Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4 )-induced liver fibrosis model in mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models in this study. The expression levels of miR-875-5p were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The validation of the direct target of miR-875-5p was through dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay. The cell proliferation and cell mobility were determined using MTT assay and Transwell migration assay, respectively. RESULTS We found that icariin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen protein section of HSCs. Icariin exerted hepatoprotective effects on mice model of CCL4 -induced liver fibrosis. Our further results revealed that miR-875-5p was downregulated in human cirrhosis tissues and activated murine HSCs. Icariin induced miR-875-5p upregulation and subsequently decreased glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) expression through direct binding to the three prime untranslated region of GLI1 mRNA. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of icariin for liver fibrosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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