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Effects of different ratios of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids in the diet of sows on the proteome of milk-derived extracellular vesicles. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kolobarić N, Drenjančević I, Matić A, Šušnjara P, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M. Dietary Intake of n-3 PUFA-Enriched Hen Eggs Changes Inflammatory Markers' Concentration and Treg/Th17 Cells Distribution in Blood of Young Healthy Adults-A Randomised Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061851. [PMID: 34071714 PMCID: PMC8229500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) supplementation (~1053 mg/per day), i.e., α-linolenic (~230 mg), eicosapentaenoic (~15 mg), and docosahexaenoic acid (~105 mg), through hen eggs, on pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters in healthy individuals (23.8 ± 2.57 years old). Here, we demonstrate differential effects of regular hen eggs (N = 21; W/M = 10/11) and n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs (N = 19; W/M = 10/9) consumption on the serum levels of lipid mediators, representation of peripheral T helper cell subsets (recently activated T-helper cells, nTreg, Th17 and non-Th17-IL-17A secreting T-helper lymphocytes) and their functional capacity for cytokine secretion. Both diets significantly altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammation resolving lipid mediators; however, only the n-3 PUFAs group showed a significant shift towards anti-inflammatory prostanoids and increased levels of pro-resolving oxylipins. Both study groups showed reduced frequencies of peripheral nTreg lymphocytes and decreased rates of peripheral Th17 cells. Their functional capacity for cytokine secretion was significantly altered only in the n-3 PUFAs group in terms of increased transforming growth factor β-1 and reduced interleukin 6 secretion. Diet supplemented with n-3 PUFAs alters immune response towards inflammation resolving conditions through effects on lipid mediators and cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes in human model without underlying comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-3151-2800
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Tejedor S, Dolz‐Pérez I, Decker CG, Hernándiz A, Diez JL, Álvarez R, Castellano D, García NA, Ontoria‐Oviedo I, Nebot VJ, González‐King H, Igual B, Sepúlveda P, Vicent MJ. Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002121. [PMID: 33720548 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer-conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R-induced injury. Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di-docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA-diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA-diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA-diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer-conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Irene Dolz‐Pérez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Caitlin G. Decker
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Amparo Hernándiz
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Jose L. Diez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Delia Castellano
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Nahuel A. García
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria‐Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, Paterna Valencia 46980 Spain
| | - Hernán González‐King
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Begoña Igual
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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HSP90 Inhibitor Improves Lung Protection in Porcine Model of Donation After Circulatory Arrest. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:1861-1868. [PMID: 32652069 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion associated with prolonged warm ischemia during donation after circulatory death (DCD) induces acute lung injury. The objective of this study was to combine ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and a heat shock protein-90 inhibitor (HSP90i) to recondition DCD organs and prevent primary graft dysfunction. METHODS Pigs (55 to 65 kg) were anesthetized, ventilated, and hemodynamically monitored. Cardiac arrest was induced with potassium chloride, and animals were left nonventilated for 2 hours. Lungs were procured and perfused in an EVLP platform for 4 hours by using a cellular perfusate. In the study group, the perfusate contained HSP90i and its transport vehicle (n = 4). In the control group, the perfusate contained only the transport vehicle (n = 4). Gas exchange, airway pressures, and compliance were measured. Pulmonary edema was assessed by bronchoscopy and weight measurement. Lung biopsy samples were obtained for histologic analyses and protein expression measurements. RESULTS The use of HSP90i reduced lung weight gain to 8.4 ± 3.4% vs 26.6 ± 6.2% in the control group (P < .05). There was reduced edema formation. The ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen at the end of EVLP was 423 ± 65 in the study group vs 339 ± 25 mm Hg in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Lactate metabolism, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure improved during EVLP with the use of the HSP90i. CONCLUSIONS The use of HSP90i with EVLP improves the lung reconditioning process. Further research is required to confirm whether these findings translate to benefit once transplanted and observed in vivo. Successful pharmacologic inhibitors may expand the donor pool in the context of DCD donors.
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Setty BNY, Betal SG, Miller RE, Brown DS, Meier M, Cahill M, Lerner NB, Apollonsky N, Stuart MJ. Relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA with the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP in children with sickle cell anemia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 146:11-18. [PMID: 31186149 PMCID: PMC6681670 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and vaso-occlusion play key roles in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) pathophysiology. Lipoxygenase products of the omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, are potent anti-inflammatory mediators modulating pain. O3FAs decrease episodes of vaso-occlusion in SCD. METHODS We assessed erythrocyte fatty acid composition in two major cell membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, in children with SCD HbSS-disease (n = 38) and age/race-matched HbAA-controls (n = 18). Ratio of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA) to anti-inflammatory DHA and EPA (FA-Ratio), and its relationship to hs-CRP were evaluated. RESULTS FA-Ratios were increased in both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in HbSS compared to controls. Correlations were noted in HbSS subjects between hs-CRP and FA-Ratios (p = 0.011). FA-Ratios increased with age (p = 0.0007) due to an increase in pro-inflammatory AA with a concomitant decrease in anti-inflammatory DHA. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate relative deficiencies in HbSS of the anti-inflammatory precursor fatty acids DHA and EPA, which correlates positively with hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Yamaja Setty
- Marian Anderson Sickle Cell Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States.
| | - Suhita Gayen Betal
- Marian Anderson Sickle Cell Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Robin E Miller
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Dawn S Brown
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Maureen Meier
- Division of Hematology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele Cahill
- Division of Hematology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Norma B Lerner
- Division of Hematology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nataly Apollonsky
- Division of Hematology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marie J Stuart
- Marian Anderson Sickle Cell Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
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Zhang FW, Tong J, Yan YS, Chen QQ, Zhao XP. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Postconditioning Protects the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cardiorenal Med 2018; 8:173-182. [PMID: 29642067 DOI: 10.1159/000487490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15 for each) and used to generate the Langendorff isolated perfused rat heart model. The sham group received a continuous perfusion of 150 min. The remaining three I/R-treated groups sequentially received a 30-min perfusion, a 30-min cardioplegia, and a 90-min reperfusion. The I/R-ischemic preconditioning (IP) group additionally received three cycles of 20-s reperfusion and 20-s coronary reocclusion preceded the 90 min of reperfusion. The I/R-ω group were perfused with ω-3 PUFAs for 15 min before the 90 min of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size, the degree of mitochondrial damage, the antioxidant capacity of the myocardium, and the cardiac functions during reperfusion were compared among groups. RESULTS Compared with the I/R group, the I/R-ω group had significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, reduced levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, elevated superoxide dismutase level, and elevated rising (+dp/dtmax) and descending (-dp/dtmax) rate of left ventricular pressure. The I/R-ω group had a significantly lower rate of mitochondrial damage in myocardial tissue compared with the I/R and I/R-IP groups. CONCLUSION ω-3 PUFA postconditioning possesses good cardioprotective effects and may be developed into a therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun-Qing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Department of Pathology, 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
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Farías JG, Molina VM, Carrasco RA, Zepeda AB, Figueroa E, Letelier P, Castillo RL. Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090966. [PMID: 28862654 PMCID: PMC5622726 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to scavenge these ROS by endogenous antioxidant systems, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Excessive presence of ROS results in irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases related to hypoxia, cardiotoxicity and ischemia-reperfusion. Here, we describe the participation of OS in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial infarction, anthracycline cardiotoxicity and congenital heart disease. This review focuses on the different clinical events where redox factors and OS are related to cardiovascular pathophysiology, giving to support for novel pharmacological therapies such as omega 3 fatty acids, non-selective betablockers and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Víctor M Molina
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Departamento de Cardiología, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Andrea B Zepeda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, BIOACUI, Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Pablo Letelier
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Programa de Fisiopatología Oriente, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
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Sala-Vila A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Pizarro G, Calvo C, García-Ruiz JM, Fernández-Friera L, Rodriguez MD, Escalera N, Palazuelos J, Macías A, Pérez-Asenjo B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Ros E, Fuster V, Ibáñez B. Nutritional preconditioning by marine omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A METOCARD-CNIC trial substudy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:828-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang XH, Zhu HS, Qian Z, Tang S, Wu D, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao ED. The association of Hsp90 expression induced by aspirin with anti-stress damage in chicken myocardial cells. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:35-44. [PMID: 27051338 PMCID: PMC4808642 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of aspirin during exposure to heat stress in broiler chickens was investigated. We assayed pathological damage, expression and distribution of Hsp90 protein and hsp90 mRNA expression in chicken heart tissues after oral administration of aspirin following exposure to high temperature for varying times. Heat stress induced increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities while causing severe heart damage, which was characterized by granular and vacuolar degeneration, nuclear shrinkage and even myocardium fragmentation in cardiac muscle fibers. After aspirin administration, myocardial cells showed fewer pathological lesions than broilers treated with heat alone. A high positive Hsp90 signal was always detected in the nuclei of myocardial cells from broilers treated with aspirin, while in myocardial cells treated with heat alone, Hsp90 in the nuclei decreased, as did that in the cytoplasm. Aspirin induced rapid and significant synthesis of Hsp90 before and at the initial phase of heat stress, and significant expression of hsp90 mRNA was stimulated throughout the experiment when compared with cells exposed to heat stress alone. Thus, specific pre-induction of Hsp90 in cardiovascular tissue was useful for resisting heat stress damage because it produced stable damage-related enzymes and fewer pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huai-sen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Joerg Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - En-dong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Campelo APBS, Campelo MWS, Brito GADC, Jamacaru FVF, Leitão RFDC, Vasconcelos PRLD. Oil mixes omega 9, 6 and 3, enriched with seaweed, promoted reduction of thermal burned modulating NF-kB and Ki-67. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:430-8. [PMID: 26108032 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150060000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of the oil mixes (ω-9, ω-6 and ω-3) in rats subjected to thermal burn. It was also aimed to assess whether the sources of ω3 would interfere with the effect of such mixes on the thermal injury. METHODS Thirty-six rats distributed into five groups: burned + water, burned + isolipid mix, burned + oil mix 1 (ALA), burned + oil mix 2 (ALA + EPA + DHA of fish) and burned + oil mix 3 (ALA + DHA from seaweed). The thermal injury was involving total thickness of skin. After the burns animals received the oil mixes for seven days. The lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Animals receiving mix 3 showed a smaller extension of the thermal injury as compared to those that were supplemented with other oils mixes. Expression of Ki-67 in the receiving Mix 3 increased as compared to all the other groups. Animals supplemented with mix 3 were able to inhibit NF-κB in injured tissue. CONCLUSION Rats received oil mix in which the source of ω3 (ALA+DHA of seaweed) showed inhibition of NF-κB, increase in cell proliferation, and reduction the extension of thermal lesion.
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Farías JG, Herrera EA, Carrasco-Pozo C, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Morales P, Castillo RL. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:1-23. [PMID: 26617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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Wojciechowska M, Zarębiński M, Pawluczuk P, Szukiewicz D. Decreased effectiveness of ischemic heart preconditioning in the state of chronic inflammation. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:675-9. [PMID: 26342834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence, that beneficial effects of ischemic heart preconditioning (IPC) may be lost or limited due to diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure and senility. It is plausible, that these conditions interfere with the biochemical pathways underlying the IPC response, but the detailed explanation is not clear. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), histamine and many other agents used in a single dose before prolonged ischemia mimic IPC. However prolonged exposure to preconditioning mimetics leads to tolerance (tachyphylaxis). In the state of such tolerance ischemic preconditioning is no longer protective. Studies suggest that diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure and older age are accompanied by increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and other inflammatory mediators. Therefore, we raised the hypothesis, that the reported lack of benefits of IPC in the listed states may be due to tolerance to IPC developed during prolonged exposure of the myocardium to preconditioning mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wojciechowska
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3 C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Invasive Cardiology Unit, Western Hospital, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland.
| | - M Zarębiński
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Western Hospital, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - P Pawluczuk
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Western Hospital, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - D Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3 C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Tavares LDL, Cavalcante KP, Campelo MWS, Coutinho LG, Medeiros SRBD, Guimarães SB, Vasconcelos PRLD. Nutraceutical preconditioning with arginine and oil mixes. Effects on inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:538-43. [PMID: 25140597 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether there is any effect resulting from preconditioning with nutraceutical supplementation containing arginine and oil mixes with high ω9:ω6 ratio and low ω6:ω3 ratio containing EPA and DHA, ALA fatty acids on inflammatory mediators, antioxidant and lipid profile modulation in surgical trauma. METHODS Twenty-six men scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized into three groups and treated as follows: Group 1 (skim milk, 0% fat), Group 2 (supplement with ω6:ω3 ratio of 8:1 and arginine) and Group 3 (supplement with high ω9:ω6 ratio of 3.2:1 and low ω6:ω3 ratio of 1.4:1 and arginine). Patients received skin milk or supplements twice a day (200 ml) during five days prior to surgery. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at three different timepoints: five days before surgery (PRE), before anesthesia induction (IND) and on the 2nd postoperative day (POS). Parameters analyzed included inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), antioxidants (catalase), lipid profile and heat shock protein (HSP-27). RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant parameters. However, lipid profile values (Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides, VLDL), were significantly different. CONCLUSION Preconditioning with arginine and oil mixes containing high ω9:ω6 ratio and low ω6:ω3 ratio, has no effects on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Reduction of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL profiles may be related to the trauma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Endocannabinoid system as a potential mechanism for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid mediated cardiovascular protection. Proc Nutr Soc 2013; 72:460-9. [PMID: 24020800 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of an active and functioning endocannabinoid (EC) system within cardiovascular tissues implies that this system has either a physiological or pathophysiological role (or both), and there is a substantial literature to support the notion that, in the main, they are protective in the setting of various CVD states. Moreover, there is an equally extensive literature to demonstrate the cardio- and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 long-chain (LC)-PUFA. It is now becoming evident that there appears to be a close relationship between dietary intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA and changes in tissue levels of EC, raising the question as to whether or not EC may, at least in part, play a role in mediating the cardio-and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. This brief review summarises the current understanding of how both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA exert their protective effects in three major cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction) and attempts to identify the similarities and differences that may indicate common or integrated mechanisms. From the data available, it is unlikely that in hypertension EC mediate any beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFA, since they do not share common mechanisms of blood pressure reduction. However, inhibition of inflammation is an effect shared by EC and n-3 LC-PUFA in the setting of both atherosclerosis and myocardial reperfusion injury, while blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels is one of the possible common mechanisms for their antiarrhythmic effects. Although both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA demonstrate vasculo- and cardio-protection, the literature overwhelmingly shows that n-3 LC-PUFA decrease tissue levels of EC through formation of EC–n-3 LC-PUFA conjugates, which is counter-intuitive to an argument that EC may mediate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. However, the discovery that these conjugates have a greater affinity for cannabinoid receptors than the native EC provides a fascinating avenue for further research into novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial injury following ischaemia/reperfusion.
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Murphy CG, Stapelton R, Chen GC, Winter DC, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Glutamine preconditioning protects against local and systemic injury induced by orthopaedic surgery. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:365-9. [PMID: 22499460 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long bone surgery represents a significant surgical insults, and may cause severe local and systemic sequalae following both planned and emergent surgery. Glutamine offers pharmacological modulation of injury through clinically acceptable preconditioning. This effect has not been previously demonstrated in an orthopaedic model. AIMS The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that glutamine preconditioning protects against the local and systemic effects of long bone trauma in a rodent model. METHODS Thirty two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: Control group which received trauma without preconditioning; Normal Saline preconditioning 1 hour before trauma; Glutamine preconditioning 1 hour before trauma; Glutamine preconditioning 24 hours prior to trauma. Trauma consisted of bilateral femoral fracture following intramedullary instrumentation. Blood samples were taken before the insult, and at an interval four hours following this. Bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, with skeletal muscle and lung harvested for evaluation. RESULTS Glutamine pre-treated rats had lower Creatine Kinase levels, less creatinine elevation, and a significant reduction in neutrophil infiltration into BAL fluid. Glutamine pre-treated rats showed less muscle and lung oedema. This effect was more pronounced for the group which received glutamine 24 hours before trauma. CONCLUSION Preconditioning with a single bolus of intravenous glutamine prior to planned orthopaedic intervention affords loco-regional and distal organ protection. We believe these finding have significant implications for elective orthopaedic surgery where significant soft tissue and long bone manipulation is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Murphy
- RCSI Surgical Research Unit, Dublin, Ireland.
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Vitamin C and percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 3:230-2. [PMID: 20170882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nadtochiy SM, Redman EK. Mediterranean diet and cardioprotection: the role of nitrite, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols. Nutrition 2011; 27:733-44. [PMID: 21454053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The continually increasing rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in the Western world at least partly can be explained by a poor diet lacking in green vegetables, fruits, and fish and enriched in food that contains saturated fat. In contrast, a number of epidemiologic studies provide strong evidence highlighting the cardioprotective benefits of the Mediterranean diet enriched in green vegetables, fruits, fish, and grape wine. Regular consumption of these products leads to an accumulation of nitrate/nitrite/NO, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, in the human body. Studies have confirmed that these constituents are bioactive exogenous mediators, which induce strong protection against MI. The aim of this review is to provide a critical, in-depth analysis of the cardioprotective pathways mediated by nitrite/NO, PUFA, and phenolic compounds of grape wines discovered in the recent years, including cross-talk between different mechanisms and compounds. Overall, these findings may facilitate the design and synthesis of novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Chen B, Zhou Y, Yang P, Wan HW, Wu XT. Safety and efficacy of fish oil-enriched parenteral nutrition regimen on postoperative patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 34:387-94. [PMID: 20631384 DOI: 10.1177/0148607110362532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fish oil-enriched parenteral nutrition regimen in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. METHODS An electronic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Academic Search Premier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was performed in March 2009. RevMan 5.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The combined analysis showed that a fish oil-enriched parenteral nutrition regimen had a positive treatment effect on length of hospital stay (weighed mean difference = -2.98, P < .001), length of intensive care unit stay, postoperative infection rate (odds ratio = 0.56, P = .04), and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alpha-tocopherol on postoperative day 6 in these patients. The regimen increased the plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (standardized mean difference = 3.11, P < .001) and docosahexaenoic acid and upregulated the leukotriene B(5) production in leukocytes on postoperative day 6. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in postoperative mortality; incidence of postoperative cardiac complications; serum levels of bilirubin, triglyceride, or arachidonic acid; or the liberation of leukotriene B(4). No serious adverse events related to fish oil treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS Based on the meta-analysis, fish oil-supplemented parenteral nutrition was safe, improved clinical outcomes, and altered the fatty acid pattern as well as leukotriene synthesis. More laboratory parameters should be considered in future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Chen G, Neilan TG, Chen H, Condron C, Kelly C, Hill ADK, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated left ventricular dysfunction by glutamine preconditioning. J Surg Res 2009; 160:282-7. [PMID: 19628228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial dysfunction is often seen during the inflammatory response to major surgery at 4 to 6h postoperatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine pretreatment, as a means of preconditioning, on lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups: Control; lipopolysaccharide; glutamine plus lipopolysaccharide; and Quercetin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein synthesis plus glutamine and lipopolysaccharide. Left ventricular function was assessed at 6h following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) insult by invasive hemodynamics. Heat shock protein (HSP)72 in heart tissue was determined by Western immunoblot at 12h after glutamine administration. RESULTS Administration of lipopolysaccharide resulted in significant decrease in left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP) (69.1 +/- 2.52 mm Hg versus 106.3 +/- 3.36 mm Hg in controls), reduced dP/dtmax (4704.1 +/- 425.31 mm Hg/s versus 9389.8 +/- 999.4 mm Hg/s in controls), and the increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (5.10 +/- 0.28 mm Hg versus 2.16 +/- 0.27 mm Hg in controls) (P < 0.05). Peritoneal injection of 25 g/kg of glutamine 12 h prior to lipopolysaccharide exposure induced HSP72 expression in heart tissues and attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced left ventricular dysfunction: LVESP 85.94 +/- 3.8 mm Hg (P < 0.05), dP/dtmax 8331 +/- 425 mm Hg (P < 0.05), LVEDP 2.32 +/- 0.23 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Quercetin partially attenuated glutamine induced HSP72 expression and blocked the protective response of glutamine. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that cardioprotection with glutamine is associated with induction of HSP72 and may be an approach to activating the preconditioning response in the heart in clinical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research CentreBeaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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21
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Magill P, Murphy T, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Mulhall KJ. Preconditioning and its clinical potential. Ir J Med Sci 2009; 178:129-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-009-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bao E, Sultan KR, Nowak B, Hartung J. Expression and distribution of heat shock proteins in the heart of transported pigs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:459-66. [PMID: 18465207 PMCID: PMC2673930 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and localization of four heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp86, Hsp90, and Hsp27) were shown in the heart tissue of pigs transported for 6 h. Immunostaining detected the consistent presence of all Hsps in the pig myocardial cells under both transported and normal housing conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed predominance of Hsp70 (significantly highest levels) and Hsp27 in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells. Hsp90 and Hsp86 were expressed both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, preferentially in the cytoplasm, of the myocardial cells. In view of their abundant and uniform distributions in the myocardial cells, the expression and distribution patterns of all detected Hsps within the myocardial cells, mostly limited to the cytoplasm, could be related to their chaperone function for cells with important special activities in this study. The identification of all four Hsps in the blood vessel endothelial cells possibly implies that endothelial cells react to ischemia and hypoxia by expressing Hsps. Immunoblot findings suggest that the level of all Hsps decreased in response to stress due to a 6 h journey. The decrease in Hsp levels in the myocardial cells may indicate that the transport stress may have overcharged the repair mechanisms of the cells. Whether this distinct depletion of Hsps contributes to an increased susceptibility to acute heart failure and the sudden death syndrome in transported pigs should be elucidated in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - K. R. Sultan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II: Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Nowak
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - J. Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Behaviour of Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hanover, Germany
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Abdukeyum GG, Owen AJ, McLennan PL. Dietary (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmias and infarction in rat heart not enhanced by ischemic preconditioning. J Nutr 2008; 138:1902-9. [PMID: 18806099 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and (n-3) PUFA are both cardioprotective. This study compared effects of dietary fish oil, IPC, and their interactions on heart function and injury during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 10% wt:wt fat comprising either 7% high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [22:6(n-3)] tuna fish oil + 3% olive oil [(n-3) PUFA]; 5% sunflower seed oil + 5% olive oil [(n-6) PUFA]; or 7% beef tallow + 3% olive oil [saturated fat (SF)] for 6 wk. In control experiments, isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 30-min regional ischemia and reperfused for 120 min. The IPC hearts were subjected to 3 cycles of 5-min global ischemia before the ischemia and reperfusion. Control (n-3) PUFA hearts had significantly lower heart rate, coronary flow, end diastolic pressure, maximum relaxation rate, and ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias. In reperfusion, they had greater developed pressure and maximum relaxation rate and smaller infarct (10.9 +/- 0.6% ischemic zone, n = 6) than (n-6) PUFA (47.4 +/- 0.3%, n = 6) or SF (50.3 +/- 0.3%, n = 6). Compared with control, IPC significantly improved heart function and reduced infarct in (n-6) PUFA (11.8 +/- 0.4%, n = 6) and SF hearts (13.1 +/- 0.1%, n = 6). Heart function and infarct [(n-3) PUFA 9.6 +/- 0.1%, n = 6] did not differ among dietary IPC groups. Arrhythmias, significantly reduced by IPC in (n-6) PUFA and SF hearts, were significantly lower in (n-3) PUFA IPC hearts. Dietary fish oil induces a form of preconditioning, nutritional preconditioning, limiting ischemic cardiac injury, and myocardial infarction and endows cardioprotection as powerful as IPC, which provides no additional protection in (n-3) PUFA hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace G Abdukeyum
- School of Health Sciences, 4Smart Foods Centre, and 5Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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McGuinness J, Bouchier-Hayes D, Redmond JM. Understanding the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Surgeon 2008; 6:162-71. [PMID: 18581753 DOI: 10.1016/s1479-666x(08)80113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery is common, and resultant impairment of multiple organ function is generally mild or subclinical due to physiological reserve within organ systems. Unfortunately, the changing profile of patients referred for surgery suggests that the systemic inflammatory response may prominently influence surgical outcome in the future. Older, co-morbid patients with more limited physiological reserve are being referred for complex lengthy procedures, and paediatric surgery has witnessed a shift to earlier complex primary correction or palliation involving long cardiopulmonary bypass times or a period of suboptimal organ perfusion using circulatory arrest or low flow cardiopulmonary bypass. Unique to cardiac surgery is the predictability of the inflammatory response, but prophylactic therapies have not translated into clinical benefit, which the preconditioning phenomenon may address.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGuinness
- Department of Surgery, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
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Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Shingu C, Noguchi T. Comparison of effects of total enteral versus total parenteral nutrition on ischemia/reperfusion-induced heart injury in rats. Eur Surg Res 2008; 40:361-7. [PMID: 18319602 DOI: 10.1159/000119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effect of nutrition on cardiac function remains to be elucidated. One possible link is the newly discovered gastric hormone ghrelin, which has been reported to be cardioprotective. AIM The present study examined whether total enteral nutrition (TEN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) differ in their modulation of ghrelin production and their effects on cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Rats received isocaloric parenteral or enteral nutrition through implanted vascular catheters or gastrostomy tubes. TEN was administered in a conventional (TEN-C) or immunonutrition (TEN-I) form. After 7 days, serum ghrelin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and myocardial function was assessed using the Langendorff isolated heart technique. RESULTS TEN-I animals had significantly higher plasma ghrelin levels than the other groups. After ischemia/reperfusion injury, left ventricular developed pressure decreased in animals receiving TPN when compared to animals receiving TEN-I. Animals receiving TPN also had significant reductions in their maximal rates of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure when compared to animals receiving TEN-I (unpaired t test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION TEN-I increases serum levels of ghrelin, which protects cardiac function after ischemic/reperfusion injury. Because TEN-I more effectively protects cardiac function, we recommend it for long-term nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hagiwara
- Anesthesiology, Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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Zhou M, Martindale RG. Immune-modulating enteral formulations: optimum components, appropriate patients, and controversial use of arginine in sepsis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2007; 9:329-37. [PMID: 17883983 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-007-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients have traditionally been viewed as a means to provide basic calories to sustain homeostasis. However, critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients are in a constant dynamic state between systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and compensatory anti-inflammatory response (CARS). Results from ongoing research strongly support the use of specific nutrients to modulate the immune and/or metabolic response. These agents can now be considered therapeutic tools in the management of complex hypermetabolic diseases. The principle of using nutrients as a therapeutic strategy rather than just as "nutritional support" requires a shift in the current dogma. The most common nutrients found in currently available enteral immune-modulating formulas are omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), antioxidants, nucleotides, glutamine, and arginine. Multiple individual reports and at least five meta-analyses using combinations of immune-modulating nutrients have reported almost uniform beneficial results. However, certain conflicting hypotheses continue to revolve around the use of arginine in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code L223, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Deeb RS, Upmacis RK, Lamon BD, Gross SS, Hajjar DP. Maintaining equilibrium by selective targeting of cyclooxygenase pathways: promising offensives against vascular injury. Hypertension 2007; 51:1-7. [PMID: 17998477 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.092866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruba S Deeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center of Vascular Biology, Room A626, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
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