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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Smith AJ, Peña B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Hydrogel-Embedded Precision-Cut Lung Slices Model Lung Cancer Premalignancy Ex Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302246. [PMID: 37953708 PMCID: PMC10872976 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best prevention, 50% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have quit smoking. Research into treatment options for high-risk patients is constrained to rodent models, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large cohorts. Embedding precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to vinyl carbamate, a carcinogen from cigarette smoke, creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations are selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability to six weeks. Hydrogel-embedded PCLS are exposed to vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. Analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content after six weeks reveals that vinyl carbamate induces premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Putative chemoprevention agents diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue are validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results show increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the foundation for more sophisticated ex vivo models that enable the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kayla Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Caroline Hauer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alex J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brisa Peña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer Driscoll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Patrick S Hume
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Liu J, Lu J, Wu L, Zhang T, Wu J, Li L, Tai Z, Chen Z, Zhu Q. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages: Novel insights into immunotherapy of skin cancer. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00026-2. [PMID: 38242529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is currently increasing, and conventional treatment options inadequately address the demands of disease management. Fortunately, the recent rapid advancement of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has ushered in a new era for numerous cancer patients. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy remains suboptimal due to the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a major component of the TME, play crucial roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, significantly impacting tumor development. Consequently, TAMs have gained considerable attention in recent years, and their roles have been extensively studied in various tumors. However, the specific roles of TAMs and their regulatory mechanisms in skin cancer remain unclear. AIM OF REVIEW This paper aims to elucidate the origin and classification of TAMs, investigate the interactions between TAMs and various immune cells, comprehensively understand the precise mechanisms by which TAMs contribute to the pathogenesis of different types of skin cancer, and finally discuss current strategies for targeting TAMs in the treatment of skin cancer. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF OVERVIEW With a specific emphasis on the interrelationship between TAMs and skin cancer, this paper posits that therapeutic modalities centered on TAMs hold promise in augmenting and harmonizing with prevailing clinical interventions for skin cancer, thereby charting a novel trajectory for advancing the landscape of immunotherapeutic approaches for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiaye Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Lisha Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Pe A B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Tissue-engineered models of lung cancer premalignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532835. [PMID: 36993773 PMCID: PMC10055140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best preventive action, nearly 50% of all lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have already quit smoking. Research into treatment options for these high-risk patients has been constrained to rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large numbers of animals. Here we show that embedding precision-cut lung slices within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to a carcinogen from cigarette smoke creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations were selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability up to six weeks. In this study, hydrogel-embedded lung slices were exposed to the cigarette smoke derived carcinogen vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. At six weeks, analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content revealed that vinyl carbamate induced the formation of premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Two putative chemoprevention agents were able to freely diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue were validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results showed increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the starting point for more sophisticated ex vivo models and a foundation for the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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Saeidi V, Doudican N, Carucci JA. Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084873. [PMID: 36793738 PMCID: PMC9922717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific death. cSCC results in up to 15,000 deaths each year in the United States. Until recently, non-surgical options for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC were largely ineffective. With the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, response rates climbed to 50%, representing a vast improvement over chemotherapeutic agents used previously. Herein, we discuss the phenotype and function of SCC associated Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T cells as well as SCC-associated lymphatics and blood vessels. Possible role(s) of SCC-associated cytokines in progression and invasion are reviewed. We also discuss the SCC immune microenvironment in the context of currently available and pipeline therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahide Saeidi
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Doudican
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - John A Carucci
- Section of Dermatologic Surgery, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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li M, Yan T, Cai Y, Wei Y, Xie Q. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their association with clinical characteristics of solid tumors. Gene X 2023; 850:146927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Duch P, Díaz-Valdivia N, Ikemori R, Gabasa M, Radisky ES, Arshakyan M, Gea-Sorlí S, Mateu-Bosch A, Bragado P, Carrasco JL, Mori H, Ramírez J, Teixidó C, Reguart N, Fillat C, Radisky DC, Alcaraz J. Aberrant TIMP-1 overexpression in tumor-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression through CD63 in lung adenocarcinoma. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:207-225. [PMID: 35787446 PMCID: PMC9667815 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is an important regulator of extracellular matrix turnover that has been traditionally regarded as a potential tumor suppressor owing to its inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinases. Intriguingly, this interpretation has been challenged by the consistent observation that increased expression of TIMP-1 is associated with poor prognosis in virtually all cancer types including lung cancer, supporting a tumor-promoting function. However, how TIMP-1 is dysregulated within the tumor microenvironment and how it drives tumor progression in lung cancer is poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of TIMP-1 and its cell surface receptor CD63 in two major lung cancer subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and defined the tumor-promoting effects of their interaction. We found that TIMP-1 is aberrantly overexpressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in ADC compared to SCC. Mechanistically, TIMP-1 overexpression was mediated by the selective hyperactivity of the pro-fibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in ADC-TAFs. Likewise, CD63 was upregulated in ADC compared to SCC cells. Genetic analyses revealed that TIMP-1 secreted by TGF-β1-activated ADC-TAFs is both necessary and sufficient to enhance growth and invasion of ADC cancer cells in culture, and that tumor cell expression of CD63 was required for these effects. Consistently, in vivo analyses revealed that ADC cells co-injected with fibroblasts with reduced SMAD3 or TIMP-1 expression into immunocompromised mice attenuated tumor aggressiveness compared to tumors bearing parental fibroblasts. We also found that high TIMP1 and CD63 mRNA levels combined define a stronger prognostic biomarker than TIMP1 alone. Our results identify an excessive stromal TIMP-1 within the tumor microenvironment selectively in lung ADC, and implicate it in a novel tumor-promoting TAF-carcinoma crosstalk, thereby pointing to TIMP-1/CD63 interaction as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duch
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Rafael Ikemori
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Marselina Arshakyan
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sabrina Gea-Sorlí
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 08029, Spain
| | - Anna Mateu-Bosch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 08029, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Carrasco
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Basic Clinical Practice, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Josep Ramírez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Pathology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Pathology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 08029, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Noël A, Perveen Z, Xiao R, Hammond H, Le Donne V, Legendre K, Gartia MR, Sahu S, Paulsen DB, Penn AL. Mmp12 Is Upregulated by in utero Second-Hand Smoke Exposures and Is a Key Factor Contributing to Aggravated Lung Responses in Adult Emphysema, Asthma, and Lung Cancer Mouse Models. Front Physiol 2021; 12:704401. [PMID: 34912233 PMCID: PMC8667558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (Mmp12) is upregulated by cigarette smoke (CS) and plays a critical role in extracellular matrix remodeling, a key mechanism involved in physiological repair processes, and in the pathogenesis of emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. While cigarette smoking is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer, in utero exposures to CS and second-hand smoke (SHS) are associated with asthma development in the offspring. SHS is an indoor air pollutant that causes known adverse health effects; however, the mechanisms by which in utero SHS exposures predispose to adult lung diseases, including COPD, asthma, and lung cancer, are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in utero SHS exposure aggravates adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Methods: Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed from gestational days 6–19 to either 3 or 10mg/m3 of SHS or filtered air. At 10, 11, 16, or 17weeks of age, female offspring were treated with either saline for controls, elastase to induce emphysema, house-dust mite (HDM) to initiate asthma, or urethane to promote lung cancer. At sacrifice, specific disease-related lung responses including lung function, inflammation, gene, and protein expression were assessed. Results: In the elastase-induced emphysema model, in utero SHS-exposed mice had significantly enlarged airspaces and up-regulated expression of Mmp12 (10.3-fold compared to air-elastase controls). In the HDM-induced asthma model, in utero exposures to SHS produced eosinophilic lung inflammation and potentiated Mmp12 gene expression (5.7-fold compared to air-HDM controls). In the lung cancer model, in utero exposures to SHS significantly increased the number of intrapulmonary metastases at 58weeks of age and up-regulated Mmp12 (9.3-fold compared to air-urethane controls). In all lung disease models, Mmp12 upregulation was supported at the protein level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that in utero SHS exposures exacerbate lung responses to adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Our data show that MMP12 is up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in three distinct adult lung disease models following in utero SHS exposures, suggesting that MMP12 is central to in utero SHS-aggravated lung responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harriet Hammond
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Kelsey Legendre
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sushant Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Daniel B Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Arthur L Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Maradiaga ODH, Mok PL, Sivapragasam G, Samrot AV, Ali Khan MS, Farhana A, Alzahrani B, Tong J, Karuppiah T, Joseph NMS, Subbiah SK. Lipofection of Single Guide RNA Targeting MMP8 Decreases Proliferation and Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:710. [PMID: 34356991 PMCID: PMC8306211 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated as major determinants of tumour growth and metastasis, which are considered two of the main hallmarks of cancer. The interaction of MMP8 and other signalling molecules within and adjacent tumoral tissues, including immune cells, are rather elusive, particularly of adenocarcinoma cell type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MMP8 in non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasiveness potential. Materials and Methods: We individually lipofected with two different single guide RNA (sgRNAs) that specifically targeted on MMP8, with CRISPR-Cas 9 protein into the cells. Results: Our results clearly indicated that the lipofection of these complexes could lead to reduced ability of A549 cells to survive and proliferate to form colonies. In addition, when compared to non-transfected cells, the experimental cell groups receiving sgRNAs demonstrated relatively decreased migration rate, hence, wider wound gaps in scratch assay. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated significant reduction in the MAP-K, survivin and PI3-K gene expression. MMP8 might have protective roles over tumour growth and spread in our body. Conclusions: The delivery of sgRNAs targeting on the MMP8 gene could induce tumour cell death and arrest cell migratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar David Hernandez Maradiaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Gothai Sivapragasam
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Mekteb-I, Tibbiye-I Sahane (Hamidiye) Complex Selimiye Mahallesi, Tibbiye Caddesi #38, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Jiabei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Thilakavathy Karuppiah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Narcisse M. S. Joseph
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, 173, Agaram Main Rd, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
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Megia-Fernandez A, Marshall A, Akram AR, Mills B, Chankeshwara SV, Scholefield E, Miele A, McGorum BC, Michaels C, Knighton N, Vercauteren T, Lacombe F, Dentan V, Bruce AM, Mair J, Hitchcock R, Hirani N, Haslett C, Bradley M, Dhaliwal K. Optical Detection of Distal Lung Enzyme Activity in Human Inflammatory Lung Disease. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:9834163. [PMID: 37851586 PMCID: PMC10530652 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9834163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and Impact Statement. There is a need to develop platforms delineating inflammatory biology of the distal human lung. We describe a platform technology approach to detect in situ enzyme activity and observe drug inhibition in the distal human lung using a combination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) optical reporters, fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM), and a bespoke delivery device. Introduction. The development of new therapeutic agents is hindered by the lack of in vivo in situ experimental methodologies that can rapidly evaluate the biological activity or drug-target engagement in patients. Methods. We optimised a novel highly quenched optical molecular reporter of enzyme activity (FIB One) and developed a translational pathway for in-human assessment. Results. We demonstrate the specificity for matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 2, 9, and 13 and probe dequenching within physiological levels of MMPs and feasibility of imaging within whole lung models in preclinical settings. Subsequently, in a first-in-human exploratory experimental medicine study of patients with fibroproliferative lung disease, we demonstrate, through FCFM, the MMP activity in the alveolar space measured through FIB One fluorescence increase (with pharmacological inhibition). Conclusion. This translational in situ approach enables a new methodology to demonstrate active drug target effects of the distal lung and consequently may inform therapeutic drug development pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK, EH9 3FJ
| | - Adam Marshall
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Ahsan R. Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Bethany Mills
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Sunay V. Chankeshwara
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK, EH9 3FJ
| | - Emma Scholefield
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Amy Miele
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Bruce C. McGorum
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK, EH25 9RG
| | - Chesney Michaels
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Nathan Knighton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK, SE1 7EH
| | | | | | - Annya M. Bruce
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Joanne Mair
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Robert Hitchcock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nik Hirani
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Chris Haslett
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK, EH9 3FJ
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ
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10
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Zheng Y, Tian H, Zhou Z, Xiao C, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Fan T, Zheng B, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao G, Li C, He J. A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model for Response to Immunotherapy and Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651406. [PMID: 33816503 PMCID: PMC8017122 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most malignant diseases worldwide. The immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have changed the paradigm of lung cancer treatment; however, there are still patients who are resistant. Further exploration of the immune infiltration status of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is necessary for better clinical management. In our study, the CIBERSORT method was used to calculate the infiltration status of 22 immune cells in LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We clustered LUAD based on immune infiltration status by consensus clustering. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cold and hot tumor group were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Last, we constructed a Cox regression model. We found that the infiltration of M0 macrophage cells and follicular helper T cells predicted an unfavorable overall survival of patients. Consensus clustering of 22 immune cells identified 5 clusters with different patterns of immune cells infiltration, stromal cells infiltration, and tumor purity. Based on the immune scores, we classified these five clusters into hot and cold tumors, which are different in transcription profiles. Hot tumors are enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, while cold tumors are enriched in metabolic pathways. Based on the hub genes and prognostic-related genes, we developed a Cox regression model to predict the overall survival of patients with LUAD and validated in other three datasets. In conclusion, we developed an immune-related signature that can predict the prognosis of patients, which might facilitate the clinical application of immunotherapy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengshu Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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The Role of MMP8 in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184506. [PMID: 31514474 PMCID: PMC6770849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have traditionally been considered as tumor promoting enzymes as they degrade extracellular matrix components, thus increasing the invasion of cancer cells. It has become evident, however, that MMPs can also cleave and alter the function of various non-matrix bioactive molecules, leading to both tumor promoting and suppressive effects. We applied systematic review guidelines to study MMP8 in cancer including the use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor or as a target/anti-target in cancer treatment, and its molecular mechanisms. A total of 171 articles met the inclusion criteria. The collective evidence reveals that in breast, skin and oral tongue cancer, MMP8 inhibits cancer cell invasion and proliferation, and protects patients from metastasis via cleavage of non-structural substrates. Conversely, in liver and gastric cancers, high levels of MMP8 worsen the prognosis. Expression and genetic alterations of MMP8 can be used as a prognostic factor by examination of the tumor and serum/plasma. We conclude, that MMP8 has differing effects on cancers depending on their tissue of origin. The use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor alone, or with other factors, seems to have potential. The molecular mechanisms of MMP8 in cancer further emphasize its role as an important regulator of bioactive molecules.
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12
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Lee SW, Hong S, Jung B, Jeong SY, Byeon JH, Jeong GS, Choi J, Hwang C. In vitro lung cancer multicellular tumor spheroid formation using a microfluidic device. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3041-3052. [PMID: 31294818 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate self-organizing in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation in a microfluidic system and to observe the behavior of MCTSs under controlled microenvironment. The employed microfluidic system was designed for simple and effective formation of MCTSs by generating nutrient and oxygen gradients. The MCTSs were composed of cancer cells, vascular endothelial cells, and type I collagen matrix to mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell culture medium was perfused to the microfluidic device loaded with MCTSs by a passive fluidic pump at a constant flow rate. The dose response to an MMPs inhibitor was investigated to demonstrate the effects of biochemical substances. The result of long-term stability of MCTSs revealed that continuous perfusion of cell culture medium is one of the major factors for the successful MCTS formation. A continuous flow of cell culture medium in the in vitro TME greatly affected both the proliferation of cancer cells in the micro-wells and the sustainability of the endothelial cell-layer integrity in the lumen of microfluidic channels. Addition of MMP inhibitor to the cell culture medium improved the stability of the collagen matrix by preventing the detachment and shrinkage of the collagen matrix surrounding the MCTSs. In summary, the present constant flow assisted microfluidic system is highly advantageous for long-term observation of the MCTS generation, tumorous tissue formation process and drug responses. MCTS formation in a microfluidic system may serve as a potent tool for studying drug screening, tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Byeon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical engineering, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesoon Choi
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changmo Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Thorlacius-Ussing J, Kehlet SN, Rønnow SR, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Non-invasive profiling of protease-specific elastin turnover in lung cancer: biomarker potential. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:383-392. [PMID: 30467633 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elastin is a signature protein of lungs. Increased elastin turnover driven by altered proteolytic activity is an important part of lung tumorigenesis. Elastin-derived fragments have been shown to be pro-tumorigenic, however, little is known regarding the biomarker potential of such elastin fragments. Here, we present an elastin turnover profile by non-invasively quantifying five specific elastin degradation fragments generated by different proteases. METHODS Elastin fragments were assessed in serum from patients with stage I-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 30) using competitive ELISAs targeting different protease-generated fragments of elastin: ELM12 (generated by matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 and -12), ELM7 (MMP-7), EL-NE (neutrophil elastase), EL-CG (cathepsin G) and ELP-3 (proteinase 3). RESULTS ELM12, ELM7, EL-NE and EL-CG were all significantly elevated in NSCLC patients (n = 40) when compared to healthy controls (n = 30) (ELM12, p = 0.0191; ELM7, p < 0.0001; EL-NE, p < 0.0001; EL-CG, p < 0.0001). ELP-3 showed no significant difference between patients and controls (p = 0.8735). All fragments correlated positively (Spearman, r: 0.69-0.81) when compared pairwise, except ELM12 (Spearman, r: 0.042-0.097). In general, all fragments were detectable across all stages of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Elastin fragments generated by different proteases are elevated in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls but differ in their presence. This demonstrates non-invasive biomarker potential of elastin fragments in serum from lung cancer patients and suggests that different pathological mechanisms may be responsible for the elastin turnover, warranting further validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Thorlacius-Ussing
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Nina Kehlet
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sarah Rank Rønnow
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Willumsen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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14
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Szarek M, Bergmann M, Konrad L, Schuppe HC, Kliesch S, Hedger MP, Loveland KL. Activin A target genes are differentially expressed between normal and neoplastic adult human testes: clues to gonocyte fate choice. Andrology 2018; 7:31-41. [PMID: 30315637 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) arise from germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) cells that originate from foetal germ cell precursors. Activin A is central to normal foetal testis development, and its dysregulation may contribute to TGCT aetiology. OBJECTIVE (i) To test whether the expression profiles of activin A targets in normal and neoplastic human testes indicates functional links with TGCT progression. (ii) To investigate whether activin A levels influence MMP activity in a neoplastic germ cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded human testes were utilized for PCR-based transcript analysis and immunohistochemistry. Samples (n = 5 per group) contained the following: (i) normal spermatogenesis, (ii) GCNIS or (iii) seminoma. CXCL12, CCL17, MMP2 and MMP9 were investigated. (2) The human seminoma-derived TCam-2 cell line was exposed to activin A (24 h), and target transcripts were measured by qRT-PCR (n = 4). ELISA (n = 4) and gelatin zymography (n = 3) showed changes in protein level and enzyme activity, respectively. RESULTS (i) Cytoplasmic CXCL12 was detected in Sertoli and other somatic cells, including those surrounding seminoma cells. Anti-CCL17 labelled only the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells surrounding GCNIS, while anti-MMP2 and anti-MMP9 labelled germline and epithelial-like cells in normal and neoplastic testes. (ii) Exposing TCam-2 cells to activin A (50 ng/mL) elevated MMP2 and MMP9 transcripts (fourfold and 30-fold), while only MMP2 protein levels were significantly higher after activin A (5 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL) exposure. Importantly, gelatin zymography revealed activin A increased production of activated MMP2. DISCUSSION Detection of CCL17 only in GCNIS tumours may reflect a change in Sertoli cell phenotype to a less mature state. Stimulation of MMP2 activity by activin A in TCam-2 cells suggests activin influences TGCT by modulating the tumour niche. CONCLUSION This knowledge provides a basis for understanding how physiological changes that influence activin/TGF-β superfamily signalling may alter germ cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szarek
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - L Konrad
- Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H-C Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinic, Muenster, Germany
| | - M P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - K L Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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15
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Matrix metalloproteinase 12 promotes tumor propagation in the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2164-2175.e1. [PMID: 29429629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Past studies are inconsistent with regard to the role of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung tumorigenesis. This is due, in part, to differential tumorigenesis based on tumor-derived versus immune-derived matrix metalloproteinase 12 expression. Our study aims to thoroughly dissect the role of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung tumorigenesis. METHODS We tested matrix metalloproteinase 12 expression and the association with prognosis using a tissue array and a published non-small cell lung cancer gene expression database. In addition, we characterized the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase 12 to tumor propagation in the lung using a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Tumor cells of a diverse set of human lung cancers stained positive for matrix metalloproteinase 12, and high matrix metalloproteinase 12 mRNA levels in the tumor were associated with reduced survival. The lung microenvironment stimulated endogenous production of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung cancer cells (human 460 lung cancer cell line, Lewis lung carcinoma). In vitro, matrix metalloproteinase 12 knockout Lewis lung carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells had the same proliferation rate, but Lewis lung carcinoma showed increased invasiveness. In vivo, deficiency of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, but not in the host, reduced tumor growth and invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that tumor cell-derived matrix metalloproteinase 12 promotes tumor propagation in the lung and that in the context of pulmonary malignancies matrix metalloproteinase 12 should further be tested as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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16
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Schveigert D, Valuckas KP, Kovalcis V, Ulys A, Chvatovic G, Didziapetriene J. Significance of MMP-9 expression and MMP-9 polymorphism in prostate cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 99:523-9. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161309900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the expression of the MMP-9 gene and –1562 C/T polymorphism in MMP-9 gene promoter in relation to clinicopathological parameters in predicting the clinical outcome of prostate cancer patients. Methods A total of 82 patients with histopathologically diagnosed prostate cancer were enrolled in the study. MMP-9 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR method. MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) polymorphism variants were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results MMP-9 expression and MMP-9 –1562 polymorphism variants in relation to disease pathological stage (P = 0.006; P <0.0001, respectively), as well as to prognostic group (P = 0.019; P <0.0001, respectively), were statistically significant. Only MMP-9 –1562 polymorphism variants in relation to tumor differentiation grade (P = 0.044) were found to be statistically significant. Positive MMP-9 gene expression was associated with 5-year survival rate of prostate cancer patients with pathological stage III (P = 0.036) and for the patients in prognostic group III (P = 0.012). Patients with tumor differentiation grade G2 and with the identified CC variant had a significantly longer survival time than patients with the identified TT variant (P = 0.007). Conclusions MMP-9 gene expression and MMP-9 –1562 polymorphism variants were associated with prostate cancer pathological stage and prognostic group. MMP-9 –1562 polymorphism CC variant was associated with prostate cancer tumor differentiation grade. Five-year survival analysis showed the relationship between MMP-9 gene expression and pathological stage III, as well as prognostic group III, whereas MMP-9 –1562 polymorphism variants, with tumor differentiation grade G2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albertas Ulys
- Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Blanco-Prieto S, Barcia-Castro L, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Botana-Rial MI, Fernández-Villar A, De Chiara L. Relevance of matrix metalloproteases in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:823. [PMID: 29207990 PMCID: PMC5718060 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for novel biomarkers that could aid in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection, together with the relevance of Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) -1, -2, -7, -9 and -10 in lung tumorigenesis, prompted us to assess the diagnostic usefulness of these MMPs and the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 in NSCLC patients. METHODS Markers were evaluated in an initial study cohort (19 NSCLC cases and 19 healthy controls). Those that better performed were analyzed in a larger sample including patients with benign lung diseases. Serum MMPs and TIMP-1 were determined by multiplexed immunoassays. Logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis of biomarker combinations. RESULTS MMPs and TIMP-1 were elevated in the serum of NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls. MMP-1, -7 and -9 performed at best and were further evaluated in the sample including benign pathologies, corroborating the superiority of MMP-9 in NSCLC discrimination, also at early-stage NSCLC. The optimal diagnostic value was obtained with the model including MMP-9, gender, age and smoking history, that demonstrated an AUC of 0.787, 85.54% sensitivity and 64.89% specificity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MMP-9 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and its combined measurement with other biomarkers could improve NSCLC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo.Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo.Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo.Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Vázquez-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo.Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Botana-Rial
- Department of Pneumology of Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro EOXI Vigo, Carretera Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Villar
- Department of Pneumology of Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro EOXI Vigo, Carretera Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212 Vigo, Spain
| | - Loretta De Chiara
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo.Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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18
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Tadokoro A, Kanaji N, Ishii T, Watanabe N, Inoue T, Kadowaki N, Bandoh S. Transbronchial Dissemination of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:129-33. [PMID: 26672760 PMCID: PMC4674011 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s32707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of squamous cell lung cancer with transbronchial dissemination in a 73-year-old man. Bronchoscopic examination revealed multiple bronchial mucosal nodules that existed independently of one another. We reviewed 16 previous cases of endobronchial metastasis in lung cancer. All patients were men. Among the reports that described the smoking history, most patients were smokers (6/7), and the most frequent histological type of cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (11/17). Although hematogenous and lymphogenous routes have been reported as metastatic mechanisms, no previous cases involving transbronchial dissemination have been described. Transbronchial dissemination may be an alternative pathway of endobronchial metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tadokoro
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Bandoh
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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19
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Vihinen P, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Hansson J, Bastholt L, Aamdal S, Stierner U, Pyrhönen S, Syrjänen K, Lundin J, Hernberg M. Benefit of adjuvant interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α) therapy in melanoma patients with high serum MMP-8 levels. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:173-80. [PMID: 25319807 PMCID: PMC11029364 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important enzymes in tissue turnover and various inflammatory processes. In this study, it was evaluated whether serum MMP-8 can predict the response to adjuvant interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α) therapy in patients with operated high-risk cutaneous melanoma. Pre-treatment sera from 460 patients with stage IIB-IIIC melanoma were analyzed for MMP-8. The patients were randomized after surgery to adjuvant IFN-α for 12 or 24 months (n = 313) or observation only (n = 147). The median serum MMP-8 level was used to classify the patients into a low MMP-8 (n = 232) and a high MMP-8 (n = 228) group. In the high MMP-8 subgroup, IFN-α therapy significantly improved relapse-free survival (RFS). RFS was 36.8 months in patients with high MMP-8 levels receiving IFN-α therapy, whereas RFS for those with high MMP-8 levels with observation only was 10.6 months (P = 0.027). Median overall survival for patients with high MMP-8 and observation only was 36.7 versus 71.7 months in those receiving IFN-α (P = 0.13). In a multivariate model, IFN-α therapy was a significant predictor of favorable RFS (HR 0.74; 95 % CI 0.55-0.99; P = 0.048), after adjustment for pre-treatment MMP-8 (HR 1.17; 95 % CI 0.88-1.55; P = 0.28), gender (HR 1.16; 95 % CI 0.86-1.56; P = 0.32), age (HR 1.00; 95 % CI 1.00-1.02; P = 0.12), ulceration (HR 1.09; 95 % CI 0.81-1.46; P = 0.58), and the presence of node metastases (HR 1.36; 95 % CI 1.17-1.58; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, patients with high serum MMP-8 levels may benefit from adjuvant IFN-α therapy, but this observation should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Vihinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland,
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Li Z, Guo Y, Jiang H, Zhang T, Jin C, Young CYF, Yuan H. Differential regulation of MMPs by E2F1, Sp1 and NF-kappa B controls the small cell lung cancer invasive phenotype. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:276. [PMID: 24755270 PMCID: PMC4077048 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background E2F1 transcription factor plays a vital role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. E2F1 overexpression has been demonstrated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and extensive metastasis in early phase is the most important feature of SCLC. In this study, we investigated the involvement of E2F1 in the process of invasion and metastasis in SCLC by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of E2F1 and MMPs in SCLC samples in a Chinese Han population. The impact of E2F1 on invasion and metastasis was observed by transwell and wound healing experiments with depletion of E2F1 by specific siRNA. The target genes regulated by E2F1 were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-to-sequence, and the expressions of target genes were detected by real time PCR and western blotting. The dual luciferase reporter system was performed to analyze the regulatory relationship between E2F1 and MMPs. Results E2F1 is an independent and adverse prognosis factor that is highly expressed in SCLC in a Chinese Han population. Knockdown of E2F1 by specific siRNA resulted in the downregulation of migration and invasion in SCLC. The expressions of MMP-9 and −16 in SCLC were higher than other MMPs, and their expressions were most significantly reduced after silencing E2F1. ChIP-to-sequence and promoter-based luciferase analysis demonstrated that E2F1 directly controlled MMP-16 expression via an E2F1 binding motif in the promoter. Although one E2F1 binding site was predicted in the MMP-9 promoter, luciferase analysis indicated that this binding site was not functionally required. Further study demonstrated that E2F1 transcriptionally controlled the expression of Sp1 and p65, which in turn enhanced the MMP-9 promoter activity in SCLC cells. The associations between E2F1, Sp1, p65, and MMP-9 were validated by immunohistochemistry staining in SCLC tumors. Conclusions E2F1 acts as a transcriptional activator for MMPs and directly enhances MMP transcription by binding to E2F1 binding sequences in the promoter, or indirectly activates MMPs through enhanced Sp1 and NF-kappa B as a consequence of E2F1 activation in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Ulivi P, Casoni GL, Foschi G, Scarpi E, Tomassetti S, Romagnoli M, Ravaglia C, Mengozzi M, Zoli W, Poletti V. MMP-7 and fcDNA serum levels in early NSCLC and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: preliminary study. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24097-112. [PMID: 24336111 PMCID: PMC3876098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-invasive test to facilitate the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is still not available and represents an important goal. Forty-eight patients with stage I NSCLC, 45 with IPF, 30 with other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) including idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), 35 with diffuse non-malignant disease and 30 healthy donors were enrolled onto the study. Free circulating (fc)DNA and MMP-7 levels were evaluated by Real Time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Median fcDNA levels were similar in NSCLC (127 ng/mL, range 23.6–345 ng/mL) and IPF (106 ng/mL, range 22–224 ng/mL) patients, and significantly lower in IIPs patients, in individuals with other diseases and in healthy donors (p < 0.05). Conversely, median MMP-7 values were significantly higher in IPF patients (9.10 ng/mL, range 3.88–19.72 ng/mL) than in those with NSCLC (6.31 ng/mL, range 3.38–16.36 ng/mL; p < 0.0001), NSIP (6.50 ng/mL, range 1.50–22.47 ng/mL; p = 0.007), other diseases (5.41 ng/mL, range 1.78–15.91, p < 0.0001) or healthy donors (4.35 ng/mL, range 2.45–7.23; p < 0.0001). Serum MMP-7 levels seem to be capable of distinguishing IPF patients from those with any other lung disease. fcDNA levels were similar in NSCLC and IPF patients, confirming its potential role as a biomarker, albeit non-specific, for the differential diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0543-739-277; Fax: +39-0543-739-921
| | - Gian Luca Casoni
- Pulmonology, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.C.); (S.T.); (M.R.); (C.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Giovanni Foschi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.Z.)
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRST IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- Pulmonology, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.C.); (S.T.); (M.R.); (C.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Micaela Romagnoli
- Pulmonology, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.C.); (S.T.); (M.R.); (C.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Claudia Ravaglia
- Pulmonology, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.C.); (S.T.); (M.R.); (C.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Marta Mengozzi
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Wainer Zoli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.Z.)
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Pulmonology, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.C.); (S.T.); (M.R.); (C.R.); (V.P.)
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Decicco-Skinner KL, Jung SA, Tabib T, Gwilliam JC, Alexander H, Goodheart SE, Merchant AS, Shan M, Garber C, Wiest JS. Tpl2 knockout keratinocytes have increased biomarkers for invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2789-98. [PMID: 24067898 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the USA, with an estimated two million cases diagnosed annually. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), also known as MAP3K8, is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Tpl2 was identified by our laboratory as having a tumor suppressor function in skin carcinogenesis, with the absence of this gene contributing to heightened inflammation and increased skin carcinogenesis. In this study, we used gene expression profiling to compare expression levels between Tpl2 (+/+) and Tpl2 (-) (/-) keratinocytes. We identified over 2000 genes as being differentially expressed between genotypes. Functional annotation analysis identified cancer, cell growth/proliferation, cell death, cell development, cell movement and cell signaling as the top biological processes to be differentially regulated between genotypes. Further microarray analysis identified several candidate genes, including Mmp1b, Mmp2, Mmp9 and Mmp13, involved in migration and invasion to be upregulated in Tpl2 (-) (/-) keratinocytes. Moreover, Tpl2 (-/-) keratinocytes had a significant downregulation in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor Timp3. Real-time PCR validated the upregulation of the MMPs in Tpl2 (-/-) keratinocytes and zymography confirmed that MMP2 and MMP9 activity was higher in conditioned media from Tpl2 (-/-) keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed higher MMP9 staining in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated skin from Tpl2 (-/-) mice and grafted tumors formed from v-ras(Ha) retrovirus-infected Tpl2 (-/-) keratinocytes. Additionally, Tpl2 (-/-) keratinocytes had significantly higher invasion, malignant conversion rates and increased endothelial cell tube formation when compared with Tpl2 (+/+) keratinocytes. In summary, our studies reveal that keratinocytes from Tpl2 (-/-) mice demonstrate a higher potential to be invasive and metastatic.
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Jang I, Jeon BT, Jeong EA, Kim EJ, Kang D, Lee JS, Jeong BG, Kim JH, Choi BH, Lee JE, Kim JW, Choi JY, Roh GS. Pak1/LIMK1/Cofilin Pathway Contributes to Tumor Migration and Invasion in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas and Cell Lines. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:159-65. [PMID: 22802696 PMCID: PMC3394917 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are the major histological types of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although both SCCs and ACs have been characterized histologically and clinically, the precise mechanisms underlying their migration and invasion are not yet known. Here, we address the involvement in NSCLC of the p21-associated kinase1 (Pak1)/LIM kinase1 (LIMK1)/cofilin pathway, which recently has been reported to play a critical role in tumor migration and invasion. The Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway was evaluated in tumors from SCC (n=35) and AC (n=35) patients and in SCC- and AC-type cell lines by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro migration and invasion assays. The levels of phosphorylated Pak1, LIMK1, and cofilin in lung tumor tissues from SCC patients were increased as compared to normal tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed greater expression of phosphorylated cofilin in SCC tissues. Expression of phosphorylated Pak1 and LIMK1 proteins was also significantly higher in SCC-type cells than in AC-type cells. Moreover, migration and invasion assays revealed that a higher percentage of SCC type cells exhibited migration and invasion compared to AC type cells. Migration was also decreased in LIMK1 knockdown SK-MES-1 cells. These findings suggest that the activation of the Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway could preferentially contribute to greater tumor migration and invasion in SCC, relative to that in AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-290, Korea
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Foley CJ, Luo C, O'Callaghan K, Hinds PW, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. Matrix metalloprotease-1a promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24330-8. [PMID: 22573325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP1), a collagenase and activator of the G protein-coupled protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1), is an emerging new target implicated in oncogenesis and metastasis in diverse cancers. However, the functional mouse homologue of MMP1 in cancer models has not yet been clearly defined. We report here that Mmp1a is a functional MMP1 homologue that promotes invasion and metastatic progression of mouse lung cancer and melanoma. LLC1 (Lewis lung carcinoma) and primary mouse melanoma cells harboring active BRAF express high levels of endogenous Mmp1a, which is required for invasion through collagen. Silencing of either Mmp1a or PAR1 suppressed invasive stellate growth of lung cancer cells in three-dimensional matrices. Conversely, ectopic expression of Mmp1a conferred an invasive phenotype in epithelial cells that do not express endogenous Mmp1a. Consistent with Mmp1a acting as a PAR1 agonist in an autocrine loop, inhibition or silencing of PAR1 resulted in a loss of the Mmp1a-driven invasive phenotype. Knockdown of Mmp1a on tumor cells resulted in significantly decreased tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis in xenograft models. Together, these data demonstrate that cancer cell-derived Mmp1a acts as a robust functional homologue of MMP1 by conferring protumorigenic and metastatic behavior to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Foley
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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25
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Mehan MR, Ayers D, Thirstrup D, Xiong W, Ostroff RM, Brody EN, Walker JJ, Gold L, Jarvis TC, Janjic N, Baird GS, Wilcox SK. Protein signature of lung cancer tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35157. [PMID: 22509397 PMCID: PMC3324437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. We applied a highly multiplexed proteomic technology (SOMAscan) to compare protein expression signatures of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues with healthy adjacent and distant tissues from surgical resections. In this first report of SOMAscan applied to tissues, we highlight 36 proteins that exhibit the largest expression differences between matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. The concentrations of twenty proteins increased and sixteen decreased in tumor tissue, thirteen of which are novel for NSCLC. NSCLC tissue biomarkers identified here overlap with a core set identified in a large serum-based NSCLC study with SOMAscan. We show that large-scale comparative analysis of protein expression can be used to develop novel histochemical probes. As expected, relative differences in protein expression are greater in tissues than in serum. The combined results from tissue and serum present the most extensive view to date of the complex changes in NSCLC protein expression and provide important implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ayers
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Derek Thirstrup
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Edward N. Brody
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Larry Gold
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thale C. Jarvis
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nebojsa Janjic
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey S. Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sheri K. Wilcox
- SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Geraghty P, Dabo AJ, D'Armiento J. TLR4 protein contributes to cigarette smoke-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30211-8. [PMID: 21730072 PMCID: PMC3191060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alters expression of proteolytic enzymes that contribute to disease pathology. Previously, we reported that smoke exposure leads to the induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) through the activation of ERK1/2, which is critical to the development of emphysema. To date, the upstream signaling pathway by which cigarette smoke induces MMP-1 expression has been undefined. This study demonstrates that cigarette smoke mediates MMP-1 expression via activation of the TLR4 signaling cascade. In vitro cell culture studies demonstrated that cigarette smoke-induced MMP-1 was regulated by TLR4 via MyD88/IRAK1. Blockade of TLR4 or inhibition of IRAK1 prevented cigarette smoke induction of MMP-1. Mice exposed to acute levels of cigarette smoke exhibited increased TLR4 expression. To further confirm the in vivo relevance of this signaling pathway, rabbits exposed to acute cigarette smoke were found to have elevated TLR4 signaling and subsequent MMP-1 expression. Additionally, lungs from smokers exhibited elevated TLR4 and MMP-1 levels. Therefore, our data indicate that TLR4 signaling, through MyD88 and IRAK1, plays a predominant role in MMP-1 induction by cigarette smoke. The identification of the TLR4 pathway as a regulator of smoke-induced protease production presents a series of novel targets for future therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Abdoulaye J. Dabo
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jeanine D'Armiento
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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Chetty C, Rao JS, Lakka SS. Matrix metalloproteinase pharmacogenomics in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:535-46. [PMID: 21521025 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma demonstrated considerable variability in its chemoresponse. However, the prospect of individualized medicine holds high hopes for improving patient survival. The study of tumor and patient genetic profiles, relative to drug-related genes, may offer new opportunities for tailoring treatments. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases, which degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and process bioactive mediators involved in promoting aspects of tumor growth. Polymorphisms in MMP genes known to influence the protein-expression patterns has been shown to influence therapy outcomes by altering signaling pathways. In this article, we address the polymorphic association of MMPs in response to chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Advances in genome technology and their comprehensive and systematic deployment to elucidate the genomic basis of MMP differences promise to ultimately enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its toxicity for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramu Chetty
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Pettersen JS, Fuentes-Duculan J, Suárez-Fariñas M, Pierson KC, Pitts-Kiefer A, Fan L, Belkin DA, Wang CQ, Bhuvanendran S, Johnson-Huang LM, Bluth MJ, Krueger JG, Lowes MA, Carucci JA. Tumor-associated macrophages in the cutaneous SCC microenvironment are heterogeneously activated. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1322-30. [PMID: 21307877 PMCID: PMC3334331 DOI: 10.103/jid.2011.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may have an important role in tumor immunity. We studied the activation state of TAMs in cutaneous SCC, the second most common human cancer. CD163 was identified as a more abundant, sensitive, and accurate marker of TAMs when compared with CD68. CD163(+) TAMs produced protumoral factors, matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 11 (MMP9 and MMP11), at the gene and protein levels. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to evaluate M1 and M2 macrophage gene sets in the SCC genes and to identify candidate genes in order to phenotypically characterize TAMs. There was coexpression of CD163 and alternatively activated "M2" markers, CD209 and CCL18 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18). There was enrichment for classically activated "M1" genes in SCC, which was confirmed in situ by colocalization of CD163 and phosphorylated STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), IL-23p19, IL-12/IL-23p40, and CD127. Also, a subset of TAMs in SCC was bi-activated as CD163(+) cells expressed markers for both M1 and M2, shown by triple-label immunofluorescence. These data support heterogeneous activation states of TAMs in SCC, and suggest that a dynamic model of macrophage activation would be more useful to characterize TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Pettersen
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | | | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Katherine C. Pierson
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Linda Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Daniel A. Belkin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Claire Q.F. Wang
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mark J. Bluth
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michelle A. Lowes
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - John A. Carucci
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Cutaneous SCC Microenvironment Are Heterogeneously Activated. J Invest Dermatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yu W, Chen L, Yang YQ, Falck JR, Guo AM, Li Y, Yang J. Cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:619-29. [PMID: 21120482 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylase, mainly consisting of CYP4A and CYP4F, converts arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) that induces angiogenic responses in vivo and in vitro. The present study examined the role of CYP ω-hydroxylase in angiogenesis and metastasis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The effect of WIT003, a stable 20-HETE analog, on invasion was evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber in three NSCLC cell lines. A549 cells were transfected with CYP4A11 expression vector or exposed to CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitor (HET0016) or 20-HETE antagonist (WIT002), and then ω-hydroxylation activity toward arachidonic acid and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and VEGF were detected. The in vivo effects of CYP ω-hydroxylase were tested in established tumor xenografts and an experimental metastasis model in athymic mice. RESULTS Addition of WIT003 or overexpression of CYP4A11 with an associated increase in 20-HETE production significantly induced invasion and expression of VEGF and MMP-9. Treatment of A549 cells with HET0016 or WIT002 inhibited invasion with reduction in VEGF and MMP-9. The PI3 K or ERK inhibitors also attenuated expression of VEGF and MMP-9. Compared with control, CYP4A11 transfection significantly increased tumor weight, microvessel density (MVD), and lung metastasis by 2.5-fold, 2-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. In contrast, WIT002 or HET0016 decreased tumor volume, MVD, and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis occurrences. CONCLUSION CYP ω-hydroxylase promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 via PI3 K and ERK1/2 signaling in human NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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