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Zarandi AF, Shirkhanloo H, Rakhtshah J. An immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on multi-walled carbon nanotubes used for rapid extraction of manganese ions in hepatic patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115941. [PMID: 38211517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A new method based on the immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMTZ@MWCNTs) was used to extract manganese (Mn) in the human blood, serum, and urine samples. First, 20 mg of AMTZ@MWCNTs, 0.2 mL of acetone, and 0.1 g of ionic liquid (IL) were completely mixed and injected into 2.0 mL human samples by a microscale syringe at pH 5.5. After shaking and centrifuging, the Mn ions were extracted and separated through the ultrasound-assisted- ionic liquid-dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (UAS-IL-D-μ-SPE) before being determined by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). According to the results, manganese in the blood of hepatic patients had higher concentrations than healthy people (Aged 25-60, 50 N). The Mn adsorption capacities for the AMTZ@MWCNTs and MWCNTs adsorbents were achieved at 192.5 mg/g and 26.3 mg/g, respectively. In the high enrichment factor (HEF), the limit of detection (LOD), linear range (LR), and mean relative standard division (RSD%) were calculated at 15 ng/L, 0.05-3.8 μg/L, and 2.34, respectively (n = 10). The methodology was validated using certified reference material (CRM) and spiking standard solutions to human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faghihi Zarandi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman university of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran; Department of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Shirkhanloo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Rakhtshah
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Coverdale JPC, Polepalli S, Arruda MAZ, da Silva ABS, Stewart AJ, Blindauer CA. Recent Advances in Metalloproteomics. Biomolecules 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38254704 PMCID: PMC10813065 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and metal ions and their complexes are important in many areas of the life sciences, including physiology, medicine, and toxicology. Despite the involvement of essential elements in all major processes necessary for sustaining life, metalloproteomes remain ill-defined. This is not only owing to the complexity of metalloproteomes, but also to the non-covalent character of the complexes that most essential metals form, which complicates analysis. Similar issues may also be encountered for some toxic metals. The review discusses recently developed approaches and current challenges for the study of interactions involving entire (sub-)proteomes with such labile metal ions. In the second part, transition metals from the fourth and fifth periods are examined, most of which are xenobiotic and also tend to form more stable and/or inert complexes. A large research area in this respect concerns metallodrug-protein interactions. Particular attention is paid to separation approaches, as these need to be adapted to the reactivity of the metal under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. C. Coverdale
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK;
| | | | - Marco A. Z. Arruda
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (M.A.Z.A.); (A.B.S.d.S.)
| | - Ana B. Santos da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (M.A.Z.A.); (A.B.S.d.S.)
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
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Falcone E, Faller P. Thermodynamics-based rules of thumb to evaluate the interaction of chelators and kinetically-labile metal ions in blood serum and plasma. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2197-2208. [PMID: 36734607 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play a very important role in nature and their homeostasis is crucial. A lot of metal-related chemical research activities are ongoing that concern metal-based drugs or tools, such as chelation therapy, metal- and metabolite sensors, metallo-drugs and prodrugs, PET and MRI imaging agents, etc. In most of these cases, the applied chelator/ligand (L) or metal-ligand complex (M-L) has at least to pass the blood plasma to reach the target. Hence it is exposed to several metal-binding proteins (mainly serum albumin and transferrin) and to all essential metal ions (zinc, copper, iron, etc.). This holds also for studies in cultured cells when fetal calf serum is used in the medium. There is a risk that the applied compound (L or M-L) in the serum is transformed into a different entity, due to trans-metallation and/or ligand exchange reactions. This depends on the thermodynamics and kinetics. For kinetically-labile complexes, the complex stability with all the ligands and all metal ions present in serum is decisive in evaluating the thermodynamic driving force towards a certain fate of the chelator or metal-ligand complex. To consider that, an integrative view is needed on the stability constants, by taking into account all the metal ions present and all the main proteins to which they are bound, as well as the non-occupied metal binding site in proteins. Only then, a realistic estimation of the complex stability, and hence its potential fate, can be done. This perspective aims to provide a simple approach to estimate the thermodynamic stability of labile metal-ligand complexes in a blood plasma/serum environment. It gives a guideline to obtain an estimation of the plasma and serum complex stability and metal selectivity starting from the chemical stability constants of metal-ligand complexes. Although of high importance, it does not focus on the more complex kinetic aspects of metal-transfer reactions. The perspective should help for a better design of such compounds, to perform test tube assays which are relevant to the conditions in the plasma/serum and to be aware of the importance of ternary complexes, kinetics and competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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Notova SV, Lebedev SV, Marshinskaia OV, Kazakova TV, Ajsuvakova OP. Speciation analysis of manganese against the background of its different content in the blood serum of dairy cows. Biometals 2023; 36:35-48. [PMID: 36282443 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the field of microelement speciation in the body of farm animals, in particular dairy cattle, are almost completely absent. The average concentration of Mn in the blood serum of all the studied animals (n = 80) was 2.5 μg/L, which corresponds to normal values. Of the total number of animals, 21% were the cows with the low normal values (serum Mn concentration ≤ 2 µg/L, i.e. less than Q25 of the total sample) and 25% were the animals with the high normal values (serum Mn concentration ≥ 2.72 µg/L, i.e. more than Q75 of the total sample). The data obtained in the course of the study indicate that the change in the Mn level, even in the range of normal values, is accompanied by the redistribution of this element over various protein fractions. The six found Mn blood serum forms are presumably represented by α2-macroglobulin (tetramer, dimer, and monomer), transferrin/albumine, manganese citrates, and "free" metal ions. The analyzed fractions of Mn found in the blood serum of cows had the following hierarchy of concentrations: in the group with low-normal values of Mn ("free" Mn >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferrin/albumine >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> citrate), in the group with high normal manganese values ("free" Mn >> monomeric form of α2-macroglobulin >> transferring/albumine >> citrate >> tetrameric form of α2-macroglobulin >> dimeric form of α2-macroglobulin). In the group with high normal Mn values relative to the group with low normal values, there was a percentage decrease in the tetrameric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 17.2 to 4.4%, dimeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.9 to 2.2%, "free" Mn from 54.3 to 44.4% and an increase in monomeric fraction of a2-macroglobulin from 6.7 to 23.1%, transferrin/albumine from 10.1 to 17.7%, citrate from 4.8 to 8.2%. Our data demonstrate the features of Mn redistribution of dairy cows, which can be used for an extended assessment of the microelement status of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Notova
- Federal Research Centre for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 9 Yanvarya, 29, Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000
| | - S V Lebedev
- Federal Research Centre for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 9 Yanvarya, 29, Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000
| | - O V Marshinskaia
- Federal Research Centre for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 9 Yanvarya, 29, Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000.
| | - T V Kazakova
- Federal Research Centre for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 9 Yanvarya, 29, Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000
| | - O P Ajsuvakova
- Federal Research Centre for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. 9 Yanvarya, 29, Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000
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Clases D, Gonzalez de Vega R. Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences-Part 1: fundamentals, stand-alone and hyphenated techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7337-7361. [PMID: 36028724 PMCID: PMC9482897 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception in the early 80s, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry has developed to the method of choice for the analysis of elements in complex biological systems. High sensitivity paired with isotopic selectivity and a vast dynamic range endorsed ICP-MS for the inquiry of metals in the context of biomedical questions. In a stand-alone configuration, it has optimal qualities for the biomonitoring of major, trace and toxicologically relevant elements and may further be employed for the characterisation of disrupted metabolic pathways in the context of diverse pathologies. The on-line coupling to laser ablation (LA) and chromatography expanded the scope and application range of ICP-MS and set benchmarks for accurate and quantitative speciation analysis and element bioimaging. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provided new avenues to reveal an altered metabolism, for the application of tracers and for calibration approaches. In the last two decades, the scope of ICP-MS was further expanded and inspired by the introduction of new instrumentation and methodologies including novel and improved hardware as well as immunochemical methods. These additions caused a paradigm shift for the biomedical application of ICP-MS and its impact in the medical sciences and enabled the analysis of individual cells, their microenvironment, nanomaterials considered for medical applications, analysis of biomolecules and the design of novel bioassays. These new facets are gradually recognised in the medical communities and several clinical trials are underway. Altogether, ICP-MS emerged as an extremely versatile technique with a vast potential to provide novel insights and complementary perspectives and to push the limits in the medical disciplines. This review will introduce the different facets of ICP-MS and will be divided into two parts. The first part will cover instrumental basics, technological advances, and fundamental considerations as well as traditional and current applications of ICP-MS and its hyphenated techniques in the context of biomonitoring, bioimaging and elemental speciation. The second part will build on this fundament and describe more recent directions with an emphasis on nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry and novel bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Clases
- Nano Mirco LAB, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Grigoriou C, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Bakeas E, Leondiadis L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements dietary intake in inhabitants of Athens, Greece, based on a duplicate portion study. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li B, Jiang Y, Wang T, He X, Ma L, Li B, Li Y. Effect of atrazine on accumulation of iron via the iron transport proteins in the midbrain of SD rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146666. [PMID: 34030342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide that belongs to the triazine class, has detrimental effects on several organ systems. It has also been shown that ATR exposure results in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism of herbicides causing ferroptosis in neurons is less concerned. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term oral exposure to ATR on ferroptosis in adult male rats. In this study, we show that there was a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of iron in the midbrain. Simultaneously, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Synuclein (α-syn) were altered by the ATR. We carried out miRNA profiling brain tissue in order to identify factors that mediate ferroptosis. We also found that the mRNA and protein expression of the transferrin receptor (TFR), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), hephaestin (HEPH), and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in the midbrain were affected by ATR. Based on the current results and previously published data, it is clear that exposure of adult male rats to high doses of ATR leads to iron loading in the midbrain. The long-term adverse effects of ATR on the midbrain have a special relevance after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Kumari M, Platel K. Impact of soaking, germination, fermentation, and thermal processing on the bioaccessibility of trace minerals from food grains. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry CSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
- Amity Institute of Food Technology AMITY University Noida India
| | - Kalpana Platel
- Department of Biochemistry CSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
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9
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He X, Reichl FX, Milz S, Michalke B, Wu X, Sprecher CM, Yang Y, Gahlert M, Röhling S, Kniha H, Hickel R, Högg C. Titanium and zirconium release from titanium- and zirconia implants in mini pig maxillae and their toxicity in vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:402-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ceylan H, Budak H, Kocpinar EF, Baltaci NG, Erdogan O. Examining the link between dose-dependent dietary iron intake and Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress in the rat cortex. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:198-206. [PMID: 31525623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are characterized by the progressive deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system. A number of environmental risk factors including potentially toxic elements such as iron, lead to negative effects on many metabolic reactions as well as neuroprotection. The aim of this study is to reveal whether long-term iron overload is one of the underlying factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS 15 young-adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups treated with iron through drinking water for 4 months. Following feeding, the iron content, reduced glutathione (GSH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels of cortex tissues were measured. Specific enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. mRNA expression profiles were measured using real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Iron levels were elevated in case of non-toxic (0.87 and 3 μg/mL) iron administration. However, no changes were observed in toxic (30 and 300 μg/mL) iron administration. GSH and H2O2 levels altered with long-term iron overload. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities significantly increased in all groups, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased only in case of 0.87 and 30 μg/mL iron administration. Expression levels of neuroprotective and AD-related genes were altered by 3 μg/mL iron overload in a dose-dependent manner. The expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were elevated at 3 μg/mL iron concentration. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study allow us to conclude that long-term dietary iron intake, especially at a dose of 3 μg/mL demonstrates negative effects on the rat cortex by provoking antioxidant metabolism and AD pathology in a dose-dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ceylan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Muş Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gonul Baltaci
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdogan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Sachse B, Kolbaum AE, Ziegenhagen R, Andres S, Berg K, Dusemund B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Kappenstein O, Müller F, Röhl C, Lindtner O, Lampen A, Schäfer B. Dietary Manganese Exposure in the Adult Population in Germany-What Does it Mean in Relation to Health Risks? Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900065. [PMID: 31216097 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is both an essential nutrient and a potential neurotoxicant. Therefore, the question arises whether the dietary manganese intake in the German population is on the low or high side. Results from a pilot total diet study in Germany presented here reveal that the average dietary manganese intake in the general population in Germany aged 14-80 years is about 2.8 mg day-1 for a person of 70 kg body weight. This exposure level is within the intake range of 2-5 mg per person and day as recommended by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. No information on the dietary exposure of children in Germany can be provided so far. Although reliable information on health effects related to oral manganese exposure is limited, there is no indication from the literature that these dietary intake levels are associated with adverse health effects either by manganese deficiency or excess. However, there is limited evidence that manganese taken up as a highly bioavailable bolus, for example, uptake via drinking water or food supplements, could pose a potential risk to human health-particularly in certain subpopulations-when certain intake amounts, which are currently not well defined, are exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sachse
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Elena Kolbaum
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Andres
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Berg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Dusemund
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Müller
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Röhl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany.,State Agency for Social Services Schleswig-Holstein (LAsD), Department of Environmental Health Protection, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Filippini T, Cilloni S, Malavolti M, Violi F, Malagoli C, Tesauro M, Bottecchi I, Ferrari A, Vescovi L, Vinceti M. Dietary intake of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc in a Northern Italy community. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:508-517. [PMID: 29548610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the dietary intakes of six trace elements (cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc), generally characterized by both nutritional and toxicological features depending on their exposure. Being diet the most relevant source of exposure to trace elements in non-professionally exposed subjects, we measured content of these trace elements in foods composing the typical Italian diet using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and assessing dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire we eventually estimated dietary daily intake of trace elements in a Northern Italian community. In the 890 analyzed food samples, the main contributors to cadmium intake are cereals, vegetables and sweets, while cereals, beverages and vegetable are to primary source of manganese. The primary contributors for copper are cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables, while for chromium are beverages, cereals and meat. The main source of selenium intake are cereals and meat, followed by fish, seafood and milk and dairy products, while of zinc intake are meat, cereals, milk and dairy products. In our Italian population sample, the estimated median (interquartile range) dietary daily intakes are 5.00 (3.17-7.65), 56.70 (36.08-86.70) and 66.53 (40.04-101.32) μg/day for cadmium, chromium and selenium, and corresponding figures are 0.98 (0.61-1.49), 2.34 (1.46-3.52) and 8.50 (5.21-12.48) mg/day for copper, manganese and zinc. The estimated intakes are generally within the average intake reported in other European populations, and in such cases well above the daily dietary intakes recommended by national international agencies, avoiding the risk of excess or deficiency. The present estimated intake data can be used to examine a specific trace element of interest and would afford enhanced health protection from those trace elements characterized by both nutritional and toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cilloni
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Violi
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Tesauro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bottecchi
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health - Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 287 Via Campi, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Willkommen D, Lucio M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gazzaz M, Schroeter M, Sigaroudi A, Michalke B. Species fractionation in a case-control study concerning Parkinson's disease: Cu-amino acids discriminate CSF of PD from controls. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:164-170. [PMID: 29472131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is affecting about 1% of the population above 65 years. Improvements in medicine support prolonged lifetime which increases the total concentration of humans affected by the disease. It is suggested that occupational and environmental exposure to metals like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can influence the risk for Parkinson's disease. These metals play a key role as cofactors in many enzymes and proteins. METHODS In this case-control study, we investigated the Mn-, Fe-, Cu- and Zn-species in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) and the total concentration of these metals by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-sf-MS). RESULTS The investigation of total metal concentration and speciation provided only minor changes, but it produced strong significance for a number of ratios. The analysis revealed a strong change in the ratio between total concentration of Fe and the amino acid-fraction of Cu. This could be observed when analyzing both the respective element concentrations of the fraction (which also depends on individual variation of the total element concentration) as well as when being expressed as percentage of total concentration (normalization) which more clearly shows changes of distribution pattern independent of individual variation of total element concentrations. CONCLUSION Speciation analysis, therefore, is a powerful technique to investigate changes in a case-control study where ratios of different species play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Willkommen
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TU München, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Lebensmittelchemie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Malaz Gazzaz
- Uniklinik Köln, Institut I für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924 Köln, Germany
| | - Ali Sigaroudi
- Uniklinik Köln, Institut I für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Köln, Germany; Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Rämistraße 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Bornhorst J, Kipp AP, Haase H, Meyer S, Schwerdtle T. The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Diet composition and serum levels of selenium species: A cross-sectional study. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:482-490. [PMID: 29621579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element of both nutritional and toxicological interest, depending on its dose and chemical form. Diet is the primary source of exposure for most individuals. We sought to investigate the influence of food intake on serum levels of selenium species. Among fifty subjects randomly selected from a Northern Italian population, we assessed dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We also measured circulating levels of selenium species in serum using high pressure liquid chromatography associated with inductively-coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometer. Circulating levels of inorganic selenium, the most toxic selenium species, were positively associated with intake of fish, legumes and dry fruits, and inversely associated with intake of dairy products and mushrooms. Concerning the organic selenium species, selenoproteinP-bound selenium was inversely associated with intake of fish, fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while selenocysteine-bound selenium positively associated with intake of fresh fruit, potato, legume and mushroom. In the present study, intakes of different foods were correlated with different types of selenium species. These results have important public health implications when assessing the nutritional and toxicological potential of diet composition with reference to selenium exposure.
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17
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Ge X, Wang F, Zhong Y, Lv Y, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Li D, Xia B, Su C, Cheng H, Ma Y, Xiong F, Shen Y, Zou Y, Yang X. Manganese in blood cells as an exposure biomarker in manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:41-47. [PMID: 29173481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated exposure to manganese (Mn) has long been a public health concern. However, there is currently no consensus on the best exposure biomarker. Here we aimed to investigate the exposomic characteristics of plasma metals among Mn-exposed workers and explore the potential biomarkers of Mn exposure in the blood pool. First, total sixteen plasma metals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Manganese, Nickel, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Mercury, Thallium, and Cobalt) were determined among 40 occupationally Mn-exposed subjects. Second, Mn levels in both plasma and blood cells were detected among 234 workers from the manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC), respectively. Analysis of plasma metal exposome showed that the plasma Mn concentrations were positively correlated to plasma Fe (r=0.361), Ni (r=0.363), Cr (r=0.486), and Hg (r=0.313) (all p<0.05). Mn concentrations in plasma were not significantly correlated to external exposure levels (ptrend=0.200), and it was further confirmed among the 234 subjects (ptrend=0.452). However, Mn concentrations in blood cells progressively increased as the external exposure dose increased (low-exposure group vs high-exposure group, median 11.53μg/L vs 20.41μg/L, ptrend=0.001). Our results suggest that Mn in blood cells, but not plasma, could serve as a potential internal exposure biomarker. Larger validation studies are needed to establish the utility of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yaoqiu Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yingnan Lv
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cheng Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Wang S, Cui D, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang Y. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS based plasma metabolomics reveals the metabolic perturbations by manganese exposure in rat models. Metallomics 2017; 9:192-203. [PMID: 28133682 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is an essential metal ion biological cofactor, high concentrations could potentially induce an accumulation in the brain and lead to manganism. However, there is no "gold standard" for manganism assessment due to a lack of objective biomarkers. We hypothesized that Mn-induced alterations are associated with metabolic responses to manganism. Here we use an untargeted metabolomics approach by performing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) on control and Mn-treated rat plasma, to identify metabolic disruptions under high Mn exposure conditions. Sprague-Dawley rats had access to deionized drinking water that was either Mn-free or contained 200 mg Mn per L for 5 weeks. Mn-exposure significantly increased liver Mn concentration in comparison with the control, and also resulted in extensive necrosis and dissolved nuclei, which suggested liver damage from hepatic histopathology. Principal component analysis readily distinguished the metabolomes between the control group and the Mn-treated group. Using multivariate and univariate analysis, Mn significantly altered the concentrations of 36 metabolites (12 metabolites showed a remarkable increase in number and 24 metabolites reduced significantly in concentration) in the plasma of the Mn-treated group. Major alterations were observed for purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These data provide metabolic evidence and putative biomarkers for the Mn-induced alterations in plasma metabolism. The targets of these metabolites have the potential to improve our understanding of cell-level Mn trafficking and homeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China. and Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Dongan Cui
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yongming Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Filippini T, Michalke B, Grill P, Malagoli C, Malavolti M, Vescovi L, Sieri S, Krogh V, Cherubini A, Maffeis G, Lucchini R, Ferrante M, Vinceti M. Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3340-3349. [PMID: 28339021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is both essential and toxic for humans, mainly depending on the total levels and its species. Main sources of exposure include food and air pollution, particularly motorized traffic. We sought to determine the potential influence of these sources on serum total levels of Mn and Mn species. We selected a random sample of municipality residents from an Italian urban municipality, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits and a blood sample for serum Mn determination. We also assessed outdoor air Mn exposure, by modeling levels of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic at the residence of geocoded subjects. Serum Mn species generally showed higher levels in males and positive correlation with age, while no such differences were found according to smoking habits or use of dietary supplements. Among nutrients, only iron intake showed a relation with Mn [an inverse correlation with Mn‑ferritin (Mn‑Fer) and a direct one with inorganic‑Mn (Inorg‑Mn)]. Meat consumption directly correlated and fish and seafood inversely correlated with total Mn, Mn‑transferrin (Mn‑Tf) and Mn-citrate (Mn-Cit). Fruits and vegetables, including legumes and nuts, generally showed a positive correlation with all Mn species, especially Mn‑Cit, and an inverse one with Inorg‑Mn. Odds ratios (ORs) of having serum Mn levels above median value increased with increasing PM10 tertiles, with an OR for highest‑to‑lowest tertile of 7.40 (1.36‑40.25) in multivariate analysis. Analyses for Mn species did not highlight a clear comparable pattern. In conclusion, our results seem to demonstrate that PM10 exposure positively influences total Mn serum levels, while single Mn species show conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D‑85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Grill
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D‑85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luciano Vescovi
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, IREN, I-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I‑20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I‑20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Lucchini
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, I‑25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I‑41125 Modena, Italy
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20
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Filippini T, Ferrari A, Michalke B, Grill P, Vescovi L, Salvia C, Malagoli C, Malavolti M, Sieri S, Krogh V, Bargellini A, Martino A, Ferrante M, Vinceti M. Toenail selenium as an indicator of environmental exposure: A cross-sectional study. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3405-3412. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Wang H, Wang S, Cui D, Dong S, Tuo X, Liu Z, Liu Y. iTRAQ-based proteomic technology revealed protein perturbations in intestinal mucosa from manganese exposure in rat models. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal ion as a biological cofactor, but in excess, it is toxic; however, the homeostatic mechanisms of Mn at the cellular level have not been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
| | - Dongan Cui
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
| | - Shuwei Dong
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
| | - Xin Tuo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province
- Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Lanzhou 730050
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