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Das G, Talukdar A, Bhutia K, Talukdar A. Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Major Surgery for Cancer with COVID-19 in the Postoperative Period. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:876-880. [PMID: 38187838 PMCID: PMC10766581 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to report about the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent major surgery for cancer and developed COVID-19 in the postoperative period. A retrospective and observational study was done in the Surgical Oncology Division of a tertiary care cancer hospital in North-East India. The study period was from 1st April 2020 to 31st December 2021. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer who underwent a major surgery and developed COVID-19 in the postoperative period, within the same hospital stay were included in the study. Data was obtained from a prospectively maintained database and case records. Descriptive statistics were used to state the results in median values, range and percentages. A total of 22 patients developed COVID-19 in the postoperative period during the study period out of a total of 1402 patients operated during that time period (1.57%). The have been followed up for a median period of 16 months (range 2 to 18 months). The median age at presentation was 50 years (range 25 to 74 years). The incidence of co-morbidities was 27.3%. The median duration of ICU stay was 3 days (range 0 to 9 days) and median duration of hospital stay was 22 days (range 9 to 55 days).. The postoperative mortality rate was 18.2%. COVID-19 in the postoperative period in patients undergoing major abdominal and thoracic surgeries for cancer caused high postoperative mortality and prolonged hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Das
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (a unit of Tata Memorial Centre), Room No. 30, AK Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam 781016 India
| | - Amrita Talukdar
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (a unit of Tata Memorial Centre), AK Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam 781016 India
| | - Karma Bhutia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (a unit of Tata Memorial Centre), Room No. 30, AK Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam 781016 India
| | - Abhijit Talukdar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (a unit of Tata Memorial Centre), Room No. 28, AK Azad Road, Gopinath Nagar, Guwahati, Assam 781016 India
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Shibabaw T, Teferi B, Ayelign B. The role of Th-17 cells and IL-17 in the metastatic spread of breast cancer: As a means of prognosis and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094823. [PMID: 36993955 PMCID: PMC10040566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known causes of death for women worldwide. The inflammatory tumor cell and other cancer hallmarks dictate the metastatic form and dissemination of breast cancer. Taking these into account, from various components of the tumor microenvironment, a pro-inflammatory infiltrative cell known as Th-17 plays an immense role in breast cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis. It has been demonstrated that IL-17, a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine generated by Th-17, is upregulated in a metastatic form of breast cancer. Recent research updates stated that chronic inflammation and mediators like cytokines and chemokines are causative hallmarks in many human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, IL-17 and its multiple downward signaling molecules are the centers of research attention to develop potent treatment options for cancer. They provide information on the role of IL-17-activated MAPK, which results in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via NF-kB-mediated expression of MMP signaling. Overall, this review article emphasizes IL-17A and its intermediate signaling molecules, such as ERK1/2, NF-kB, MMPs, and VEGF, as potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Birhanu Ayelign,
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Practical Guide to New Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Dermatology Patients Being Treated With Common Immunomodulators. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:49-53. [PMID: 35963337 PMCID: PMC9364946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressants and immunomodulators are widely used in dermatology. Some of these drugs, however, can increase the risk of severe COVID-19. New antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to reduce progression to COVID-19 pneumonia in susceptible patients, but their availability is limited. On May 23, 2022, the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) updated its priority eligibility criteria for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy. In this practical guide, we review the indications for these new drugs and provide guidance on which patients with mild to moderate COVID might benefit from their use in dermatology.
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[Translated article] Practical Guide to New Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Dermatology Patients Being Treated With Common Immunomodulators. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:T49-T53. [PMID: 36368577 PMCID: PMC9642030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressants and immunomodulators are widely used in dermatology. Some of these drugs, however, can increase the risk of severe COVID-19. New antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to reduce progression to COVID-19 pneumonia in susceptible patients, but their availability is limited. On May 23, 2022, the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) updated its priority eligibility criteria for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy. In this practical guide, we review the indications for these new drugs and provide guidance on which patients with mild to moderate COVID might benefit from their use in dermatology.
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Ali M, Wani SUD, Masoodi MH, Khan NA, Shivakumar HG, Osmani RMA, Khan KA. Global Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients and its Treatment: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100041. [PMID: 36377228 PMCID: PMC9035683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background At a global level, the COVID-19 disease outbreak has had a major impact on health services and has induced disruption in routine care of health institutions, exposing cancer patients to severe risks. To provide uninterrupted tumor treatment throughout a pandemic lockdown is a major obstacle. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, stance considerable challenges for the management of oncology patients. COVID-19 presents particularly severe respiratory and systemic infection in aging and immunosuppressed individuals, including patients with cancer. Objective In the present review, we focused on emergent evidence from cancer sufferers that have been contaminated with COVID-19 and cancer patients who were at higher risk of severe COVID-19, and indicates that anticancer treatment may either rise COVID-19 susceptibility or have a duple therapeutic impact on cancer as well as COVID-19; moreover, how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts cancer cells. Also, to assess the global effect of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on cancer and its treatment. Methods A literature survey was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIral Protein domain DataBase (VIP DB) between Dec 1, 2019 and Sep 23, 2021, for studies on anticancer treatments in patients with COVID-19. The characteristics of the patients, treatment types, mortality, and other additional outcomes were extracted and pooled for synthesis. Results This disease has a huge effect on sufferers who have cancer(s). Sufferers of COVID-19 have a greater percentage of tumor diagnoses than the rest of the population. Likewise, cancer and highest proportion is lung cancer sufferers are more susceptible to COVID-19 constriction than the rest of the population. Conclusion Sufferers who have both COVID-19 and tumor have a considerably elevated death risk than single COVID-19 positive patients overall. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the screening of cancer and detection, and also deferral of routine therapies, which may contribute to an increase in cancer mortality there in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Nisar Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - H G Shivakumar
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida 201301, India
| | - Riyaz M Ali Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Khalid Ahmed Khan
- Assistant Drugs Controller, Drugs Control Department, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560004, India
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Feng T, Zhang M, Xu Q, Song F, Wang L, Gai S, Tang H, Wang S, Zhou L, Li H. Exploration of molecular targets and mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Acacia Catechu -Scutellariae Radix in the treatment of COVID-19 by a systems pharmacology strategy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4210-4229. [PMID: 35859316 PMCID: PMC9349561 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In China, the Acacia catechu (AC)‐Scutellariae Radix (SR) formula has been widely used for pulmonary infection in clinical practice for several centuries. However, the potential role and mechanisms of this formula against COVID‐19 remains unclear. The present study was designed to dissect the active ingredients, molecular targets, and the therapeutic mechanisms of AC‐SR formula in the treatment of COVID‐19 based on a systems pharmacology strategy integrated by ADME screening, target prediction, network analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Finally, Quercetin, Fisetin(1‐), kaempferol, Wogonin, Beta‐sitosterol, Baicalein, Skullcapflavone II, Stigmasterol were primarily screened to be the potentially effective active ingredients against COVID‐19. The hub‐proteins were TP53, JUN, ESR1, MAPK1, Akt1, HSP90AA1, TNF, IL‐6, SRC, and RELA. The potential mechanisms of AC‐SR formula in the treatment of COVID‐19 were the TNF signaling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and IL‐17 signaling pathway, etc. Furthermore, virtual docking revealed that baicalein, (+)‐catechin and fisetin(1‐) exhibited high affinity to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro, which has validated by the FRET‐based enzymatic inhibitory assays with the IC50 of 11.3, 23.8, and 44.1 μM, respectively. And also, a concentration‐dependent inhibition of baicalein, quercetin and (+)‐catechin against SARS‐CoV‐2 ACE2 was observed with the IC50 of 138.2, 141.3, and 348.4 μM, respectively. These findings suggested AC‐SR formula exerted therapeutic effects involving “multi‐compounds and multi‐targets.” It might be working through directly inhibiting the virus, improving immune function, and reducing the inflammatory in response to anti‐COVID‐19. Ultimately, this study would provide new perspective for discovering potential drugs and mechanisms against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Libin Wang
- School of Medicine, Shaanxi Energy Institute, Xianyang, China
| | - Shouchang Gai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Exploration of the Mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen in Treating Influenza Virus Pneumonia and New Coronavirus Pneumonia with the Concept of "Different Diseases with the Same Treatment" Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5536266. [PMID: 35145559 PMCID: PMC8822319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5536266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The 31 main components of Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) were obtained through a literature and database search; the components included glycyrrhizic acid, emodin, chlorogenic acid, isophoroside A, forsythia, menthol, luteolin, quercetin, and rutin. Sixty-eight common targets for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and influenza virus pneumonia (IVP) were also obtained. A "component-target-disease" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.2.1 software, and 20 key targets, such as cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase14 (Mapk14), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were screened from the network. The David database was used to perform a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) biological process enrichment. Results showed that the key targets of LHQW in the treatment of NCP and IVP mainly involved biological processes, such as immune system process intervention, cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, toxic metabolism, cytokine activity, and regulation of the synthesis process. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that 115 signalling pathways were related to the treatment of LHQW. Amongst them, IL-17, T cell receptor, Th17 cell differentiation, TNF, toll-like receptor, MAPK, apoptosis, and seven other signalling pathways were closely related to the occurrence and development of NCP and IVP. Molecular docking showed that each component had different degrees of binding with six targets, namely, 3C-like protease (3CL), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), COX2, hemagglutinin (HA), IL-6, and neuraminidase (NA). Rutin, isoforsythiaside A, hesperidin and isochlorogenic acid B were the best components for docking with the six core targets. The first five components with the best docking results were isoforsythiaside, hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid B, forsythin E, and quercetin. In conclusion, LHQW has many components, targets, and pathways. The findings of this work can provide an important theoretical basis for determining the mechanism of LHQW in treating NCP and IVP.
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Yang L, Xie X, Tu Z, Fu J, Xu D, Zhou Y. The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:255. [PMID: 34234112 PMCID: PMC8261820 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a significant proportion of the global population both physically and mentally, and destroyed businesses and societies. Current evidence suggested that immunopathology may be responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis, including lymphopenia, neutrophilia, dysregulation of monocytes and macrophages, reduced or delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) response, antibody-dependent enhancement, and especially, cytokine storm (CS). The CS is characterized by hyperproduction of an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is closely associated with poor prognosis. These excessively secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate different inflammatory signaling pathways via their receptors on immune and tissue cells, resulting in complicated medical symptoms including fever, capillary leak syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the initiation and signaling pathways of CS to develop more effective treatment strategies for COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the latest developments in the immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 and focus on CS including the current research status of the different cytokines involved. We also discuss the induction, function, downstream signaling, and existing and potential interventions for targeting these cytokines or related signal pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of CS in COVID-19 will help to develop better strategies to effectively control immunopathology in this disease and other infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikun Tu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- General Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Singh H, Singh A, Khan AA, Gupta V. Immune mediating molecules and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated neurological disease. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105023. [PMID: 34090983 PMCID: PMC8177310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Long period of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with psychiatric and cognitive disorders in adolescents and children. SARS-CoV-2 remains dormant in the CNS leading to neurological complications. The wide expression of ACE2 in the brain raises concern for its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Though, the mechanistic insights about blood-brain barriers (BBB) crossing by SARS-CoV-2 and further brain infection are still not clear. Moreover, the mechanism behind dormant SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to chronic neurological disorders needs to be unveiled. There is an urgent need to find out the risk factor involved in COVID-19-associated neurological disease. Therefore, the role of immune-associated genes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated neurological diseases is presented which could contribute to finding associated genetic risk factors. Method The search utilizing multiple databases, specifically, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar was performed. Moreover, the literature survey on the involvement of COVID-19, neuropathogenesis, and its consequences was done. Description Persistent inflammatory stimuli may promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. An increased expression level of cytokine, chemokine, and decreased expression level of immune cells has been associated with the COVID-19 patient. Cytokine storm was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be neuroinflammatory. Genes of immune response could be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion The present review will provide a useful framework and help in understanding COVID-19-associated neuropathogenesis. Experimental studies on immune-associated genes in COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations could be helpful to establish its neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
| | - Amita Singh
- District Women Hospital, Prayagraj, UP, 211003, India
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, 282001, India
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Cheng LC, Kao TJ, Phan NN, Chiao CC, Yen MC, Chen CF, Hung JH, Jiang JZ, Sun Z, Wang CY, Hsu HP. Novel signaling pathways regulate SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24321. [PMID: 33607766 PMCID: PMC7899890 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 induces severe infection, and it is responsible for a worldwide disease outbreak starting in late 2019. Currently, there are no effective medications against coronavirus. In the present study, we utilized a holistic bioinformatics approach to study gene signatures of SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected Calu-3 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Through the Gene Ontology platform, we determined that several cytokine genes were up-regulated after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including TNF, IL6, CSF2, IFNL1, IL-17C, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Differentially regulated pathways were detected by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene ontology, and Hallmark platform, including chemokines, cytokines, cytokine receptors, cytokine metabolism, inflammation, immune responses, and cellular responses to the virus. A Venn diagram was utilized to illustrate common overlapping genes from SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected datasets. An Ingenuity pathway analysis discovered an enrichment of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin (IL)-17-related signaling in a gene set enrichment analysis. Downstream networks were predicted by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery platform also revealed that TNF and TNF receptor 2 signaling elicited leukocyte recruitment, activation, and survival of host cells after coronavirus infection. Our discovery provides essential evidence for transcript regulation and downstream signaling of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Cheng
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh (NTT) University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Chieh Chiao
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Zhen Jiang
- Emergency Department, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengda Sun
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Regional Laboratories, the Permanente Medical Group, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the impact of the gut microbiota on the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapies against extraintestinal tumors, but it has not yet been addressed whether local commensals could also dictate the prognosis of patients with cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Tsay and colleagues demonstrate that the lower airway microbiota may harbor oral commensals that turn on IL17-mediated inflammatory pathways and reprogram host transcription to exacerbate lung cancer progression.See related article by Tsay et al., p. 293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mugheddu C, Sanna S, Atzori L, Rongioletti F. Safety of secukinumab treatment in COVID-19 affected psoriatic patients. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14710. [PMID: 33368887 PMCID: PMC7883240 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mugheddu
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Silvia Sanna
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Laura Atzori
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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13
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Wang X, Gui J. Cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:281-291. [PMID: 33376956 PMCID: PMC7768298 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses spread unscrupulously virtually every corner on the planet in a very quick speed leading to an unprecedented world pandemic of COVID-19 claiming a great many of people's life. Paramount importance has been given to the studies on the virus itself including genomic variation and viron structure, as well as cell entry pathway and tissue residence. Other than that, to learn the main characteristic of host immunity responding to SARS-CoV-2 infection is an eminent task for restraining virus and controlling disease progress. Beside antibody production in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, host cellular immunity plays an indispensable role in impeding virus replication and expansion at various stages of COVID-19 disease. In this review, we summarized the recent knowledge regarding the aberrant regulation and dysfunction of multiple immune cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This includes the dysregulation of immune cell number, Th polarity, cytokine storm they implicated with, as well as cell function exhaustion after chronic virus stimulation. Notwithstanding that many obstacles remain to be overcome, studies on immunotherapy for COVID-19 treatment based on the known features of host immunity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection offer us tangible benefits and hope for making this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor ImmunologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Jingang Gui
- Laboratory of Tumor ImmunologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
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14
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Seth G, Sethi S, Bhattarai S, Saini G, Singh CB, Aneja R. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: Effects on Disease Outcomes and Patient Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3266. [PMID: 33167313 PMCID: PMC7694326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and outcomes vary immensely among patients. Predicting disease progression and managing disease symptoms is even more challenging in cancer patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, often suppress the immune system, rendering cancer patients more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe complications. However, data on the effects of immunosuppression on COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients remain limited. Further investigations are warranted to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients, particularly those that are immunocompromised. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Seth
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (G.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Saira Sethi
- Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India;
| | - Shristi Bhattarai
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (G.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Geetanjali Saini
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (G.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Chandra Bhushan Singh
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India;
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (G.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
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15
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Shibabaw T. Inflammatory Cytokine: IL-17A Signaling Pathway in Patients Present with COVID-19 and Current Treatment Strategy. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:673-680. [PMID: 33116747 PMCID: PMC7547786 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s278335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a globally communicable public health disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV-2). Eradication of COVID-19 appears practically impossible but, therefore, more effective pharmacotherapy is needed. The deteriorated clinical presentation of patients with COVID-19 is mainly associated with hypercytokinemia due to notoriously elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP10), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and is usually responsible for cytokine release syndrome. In the cytokine storm, up-regulation of T-helper 17 cell cytokine IL-17A, and maybe also IL-17F, is mostly responsible for the immunopathology of COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Herein, I meticulously review the exuberant polarization mechanism of naïve CD4+ T cells toward Th17 cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated immunopathological sequelae. I also, propose, for clinical benefit, targeting IL-17A signaling and the synergic inflammatory cytokine IL-6 to manage COVID-19 patients, particularly those presenting with cytokine storm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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16
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Garg PK, Kaul P, Choudhary D, Turaga KK, Singh MP, Tiwari AR, Arora V, Agrawal N, Rau B, Yendamuri S. Discordance of COVID-19 guidelines for patients with cancer: A systematic review. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:579-593. [PMID: 32668034 PMCID: PMC7405271 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review was aimed to systematically evaluate the available literature on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care and to critically analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies suggested by various healthcare providers, societies, and institutions. Majority guidelines for various types of cancers favored a delay in treatment or a nonsurgical approach wherever feasible. These guidelines are based on a low level of evidence and have significant discordance for the role and timing of surgery, especially in early tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgical OncologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Pallvi Kaul
- Department of Surgical OncologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Deepti Choudhary
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Kiran Kalyan Turaga
- Section of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryThe University of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Mahendra Pal Singh
- Department of Surgical OncologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Ajeet Ramamani Tiwari
- Department of Surgical OncologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Vipin Arora
- Department of ENT and Head Neck SurgeryUniversity College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medicine, ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Beat Rau
- Department of Surgery, Campus Virchow‐KlinikumCharité‐UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
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17
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Okwan-Duodu D, Basho R, Cui X. COVID-19 in cancer patients: risk, clinical features, and management. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:519-527. [PMID: 32944387 PMCID: PMC7476081 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world, prompting the World Health Organization to declare the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of more severe COVID-19 symptoms, which is possibly due to the systemic immunosuppressive state caused directly by tumor growth and indirectly by effects of anticancer treatment. Currently, much effort has been directed toward studying the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19, but the risk profiles, prognoses, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients remain unclear. Based on the current literature, we summarize the risk profiles, clinical and biochemical characteristics, and therapy outcomes of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients. The challenges in the clinical care of cancer patients with COVID-19 are discussed. The goal of this review is to stimulate research to better understand the biological impact and prognoses of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients, thus facilitating improvement of the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Reva Basho
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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18
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Zhand S, Saghaeian Jazi M, Mohammadi S, Tarighati Rasekhi R, Rostamian G, Kalani MR, Rostamian A, George J, Douglas MW. COVID-19: The Immune Responses and Clinical Therapy Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5559. [PMID: 32756480 PMCID: PMC7432271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with rising numbers of patients worldwide, presents an urgent need for effective treatments. To date, there are no therapies or vaccines that are proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several potential candidates or repurposed drugs are under investigation, including drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and block infection. The most promising therapy to date is remdesivir, which is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for emergency use in adults and children hospitalized with severe suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Herein we summarize the general features of SARS-CoV-2's molecular and immune pathogenesis and discuss available pharmacological strategies, based on our present understanding of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections. Finally, we outline clinical trials currently in progress to investigate the efficacy of potential therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Zhand
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medcial Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Tarighati Rasekhi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Kalani
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
| | - Aida Rostamian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Alborz 3149968111, Iran;
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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19
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1707-1716. [PMID: 32591970 PMCID: PMC7319213 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coranovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become an important health-care issue worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has also raised concerns among patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions and their treating physicians. There are emerging data regarding the potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 for this particular patient group. However, less is known with regard to the course of COVID-19 among patients receiving IL-17 inhibitors. The aim of the current article is to review the growing body of knowledge on the course/management of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases by presenting a SARS-CoV-2 infected case with ankylosing spondylitis under secukinumab therapy. A 61-year old patient with ankylosing spondylitis who was on secukinumab therapy for 5 months admitted with newly onset fever and gastrointestinal complaints. After being hospitalized, she developed respiratory manifestations with focal pulmonary ground-glass opacities and multiple nodular densities in both lungs. The patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Substantial clinical improvement was obtained following a management plan, which included tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, prednisolone and enoxaparin sodium. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched by using relevant keywords and their combinations. The literature search revealed four articles reporting the clinical course of COVID-19 in seven rheumatic patients on secukinumab. The clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild in most of these patients, while one of them experienced severe COVID-19. Interleukin-17 has been related to the hyperinflammatory state in COVID-19 and IL-17 inhibitors were presented as promising targets for the prevention of aberrant inflammation and acute respiratory distress in COVID-19. However, this hypothesis still remains to be proved. Further studies are warranted in order to test the benefits and risks of IL-inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.
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20
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Allegra A, Pioggia G, Tonacci A, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061581. [PMID: 32549297 PMCID: PMC7352319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In late December 2019, a new infectious viral disease appeared. A new betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has been recognized as the pathogen responsible for this infection. Patients affected by tumors are more vulnerable to infection owing to poor health status, concomitant chronic diseases, and immunosuppressive conditions provoked by both the cancer and antitumor therapies. In this review, we have analyzed some lesser known aspects of the relationship between neoplasms and SARS-CoV-2 infection, starting from the different expression of the ACE2 receptor of the virus in the various neoplastic pathologies, and the roles that different cytokine patterns could have in vulnerability to infection and the appearance of complications. This review also reports the rationale for a possible use of drugs commonly employed in neoplastic therapy, such as bevacizumab, ibrutinib, selinexor, thalidomide, carfilzomib, and PD-1 inhibitors, for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we have highlighted some diagnostic challenges in the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer-infected patients. The combination of these two health problems-tumors and a pandemic virus-could become a catastrophe if not correctly handled. Careful and judicious management of cancer patients with SARS-Cov-2 could support a better outcome for these patients during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- COVID Centre AOU Policlinic G. Martino Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390902212364
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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