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Ranjan R, Bhatt SB, Rai R, Sharma SK, Ranjan R, Bharti A, Dhar P. Rice husk valorisation by in situ grown MoS 2 nanoflowers: a dual-action catalyst for pollutant dye remediation and microbial decontamination. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12192-12203. [PMID: 38628475 PMCID: PMC11019664 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice husk (RH) is a common agricultural waste generated during the rice milling process; however, a major portion is either burned or disposed of in landfills, posing significant environmental risks. In this study, RH waste was transformed into bio-based catalysts via delignification cum in situ growth of MoS2 (DRH-MoS2) for efficient pollutant dye removal and microbial decontamination. The developed DRH-MoS2 exhibits nanoflower-like structures with a 2H-MoS2 phase and a narrow band gap of 1.37 eV, which showed strong evidence of photocatalytic activity. With the presence of abundant hydroxyl functionality, delignified rice husk (DRH) exhibits a malachite green (MG) dye adsorption capacity of 88 mg g-1. However, in situ growth of MoS2 nanosheets on DRH enhances MG degradation to 181 mg g-1 under dark conditions and 550 mg g-1 in the presence of light. Mechanistic insights reveal a synergistic adsorption-cum-degradation phenomenon, amplified by generation of reactive oxygen species during photodegradation which was confirmed from radical scavenging activity. Interestingly, DRH-MoS2 demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) with sustained photodegradation efficiency (>80%) over three cycles. The present work reports a cost-effective and scalable strategy for environmental remediation of real wastewater which usually contains both dye pollutants as well as microbes using abundantly available renewable resources such as sunlight and agricultural biomass wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
| | - Smruti B Bhatt
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
| | - Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
| | - Sanju Kumari Sharma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
| | - Rishabh Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
| | - Ankit Bharti
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh-221005 India
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2
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Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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Mohammed AK, Alkhafaje ZA, Rashid IM. Heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification reaction using waste snail shell for biodiesel production. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17094. [PMID: 37360074 PMCID: PMC10285132 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel as an attractive energy source; a low-cost and green synthesis technique was utilized for biodiesel preparation via waste cooking oil methanolysis using waste snail shell derived catalyst. The present work aimed to investigate the production of biodiesel fuel from waste materials. The catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste snail shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination time of 2-4 h and temperature of 750-950 °C. The catalyst samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The reaction variables varying in the range of 10:1-30:1 M ratio of MeOH: oil, 3-11 wt% catalyst loading, 50-70 °C reaction temperature, and 2-6 h reaction time. The designed model optimization was set its parameters at 21.5 methanol molar ratio, 9.8 wt% catalyst loading, 4.8 h reaction time, and 62.2 °C reaction temperature, resulting in a mixture comprised of 95% esters content.
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Coutino-Gonzalez E, Ávila-Gutiérrez M, Hernández-Palomares A, Olvera LI, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Espejel-Ayala F. Biodiesel Production Using Lithium Metasilicate Synthesized from Non-Conventional Sources. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6753. [PMID: 36234094 PMCID: PMC9571811 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile and versatile process to produce lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3) from non-conventional silicon sources (two different sand sources from the central area of México) was developed. The synthesis protocol based on a solid-state reaction followed by a hydrothermal treatment resulted in highly pure lithium metasilicate, as corroborated by XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS analysis. Furthermore, lithium metasilicate was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil, where conversion yields were compared according to the silicon source used (based on chemical purity, stability, and yield efficiency). The best performing metasilicate material displayed a maximum of 95.5% of biodiesel conversion under the following conditions: 180 min, 60 °C, 5% catalyst (wt./wt., catalyst-to-oil), and 18:1 (methanol:oil). This contribution opens up alternatives for the production of lithium metasilicate using non-conventional precursors and its use as an alternative catalyst in biodiesel production, displaying better chemical stability against humidity than conventional heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Coutino-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. Lomas del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico
| | - Mario Ávila-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. Lomas del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico
| | - Arnold Hernández-Palomares
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, s/n, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | - Lilian I. Olvera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-Valadez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, s/n, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | - Fabricio Espejel-Ayala
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, s/n, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
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Zhang S, Pan H, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang H. A Highly Effective Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis Through Esterification. Front Chem 2022; 10:882235. [PMID: 35372280 PMCID: PMC8965869 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.882235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient valorization of renewable liquid biomass for biodiesel production using the desirable biomass-based catalysts is being deemed to be an environmentally friendly process. Herein, a highly active biomass-based solid acid catalyst (SiO2@Cs-SO3H) with renewable chitosan as raw material through sulfonation procedure under the relatively mild condition was successfully manufactured. The SiO2@Cs-SO3H catalyst was systematically characterized, especially with a large specific surface area (21.82 m2/g) and acidity (3.47 mmol/g). The catalytic activity of SiO2@Cs-SO3H was evaluated by esterification of oleic acid (OA) and methanol for biodiesel production. The best biodiesel yield was acquired by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized reaction conditions were temperature of 92°C, time of 4.1 h, catalyst dosage of 6.8 wt%, and methanol to OA molar ratio of 31.4, respectively. In this case, the optimal experimental biodiesel yield was found to be 98.2%, which was close to that of the predicted value of 98.4%, indicating the good reliability of RSM employed in this study. Furthermore, SiO2@Cs-SO3H also exhibited good reusability in terms of five consecutive recycles with 87.0% biodiesel yield. As such, SiO2@Cs-SO3H can be considered and used as a bio-based sustainable catalyst of high-efficiency for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songdang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuncong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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6
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Jadhav AH, Ikram M, Ul-Hamid A, Ali MW, Hassan NS. Sustainable biodiesel generation through catalytic transesterification of waste sources: a literature review and bibliometric survey. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1604-1627. [PMID: 35425206 PMCID: PMC8979057 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually. One solution is biodiesel production via the transesterification process, which is environmentally feasible due to its low-emission diesel substitute. Significant issues arising with biodiesel production are the cost of the processes, which has stuck its sustainability and the applicability of different resources. In this article, the common biodiesel feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, waste oil and animal fats and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed according to the Web of Science (WOS) database over the timeframe of 1970-2020. The biodiesel feedstock has water or free fatty acid, but it will produce soap by reacting free fatty acids with an alkali catalyst when they present in high portion. This reaction is unfavourable and decreases the biodiesel product yield. This issue can be solved by designing multiple transesterification stages or by employing acidic catalysts to prevent saponification. The second solution is cheaper than the first one and even more applicable because of the abundant source of catalytic materials from a waste product such as rice husk ash, chicken eggshells, fly ash, red mud, steel slag, and coconut shell and lime mud. The overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is summarized, and the catalyst promoters and prospects of biodiesel production are also suggested. This research provides beneficial ideas for catalyst synthesis from waste for the transesterification process economically, environmentally and industrially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sahida Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
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Bazani HAG, Thomé A, Affeldt RF, Probst LFD. SBA-15 obtained from rice husk ashes wet-impregnated with metals (Al, Co, Ni) as efficient catalysts for 1,4-dihydropyridine three-component reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fully characterized mesoporous silica prepared from industrial waste was impregnated with metals and applied as a green heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor A. G. Bazani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Allison Thomé
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Affeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. D. Probst
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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Alagumalai A, Mahian O, Hollmann F, Zhang W. Environmentally benign solid catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144856. [PMID: 33450682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Versatile bio-derived catalysts have been under dynamic investigation as potential substitutes to conventional chemical catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production. This is because of their unique, low-cost benefits and production processes that are environmentally and economically acceptable. This critical review aspires to present a viable approach to the synthesis of environmentally benign and cost-effective heterogeneous solid-base catalysts from a wide range of biological and industrial waste materials for sustainable biodiesel production. Most of these waste materials include an abundance of metallic minerals like potassium and calcium. The different approaches proposed by researchers to derive highly active catalysts from large-scale waste materials of a re-usable nature are described briefly. Finally, this report extends to present an overview of techno-economic feasibility of biodiesel production, its environmental impacts, commercial aspects of community-based biodiesel production and potential for large-scale expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Alagumalai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Omid Mahian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Renewable Energy and Micro/Nano Sciences Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China.
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9
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Rehman A, Noor T, Hussain A, Iqbal N, Jahan Z. Role of Catalysis in Biofuels Production Process – A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rehman
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hussain
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- National University of Sciences and Technology U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zaib Jahan
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
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Jambhulkar DK, Ugwekar RP, Bhanvase BA, Barai DP. A review on solid base heterogeneous catalysts: preparation, characterization and applications. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1864623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha K. Jambhulkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajendra P. Ugwekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat A. Bhanvase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya P. Barai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Chowhan B, Gupta M, Sharma N. Fabrication and characterization of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Chowhan
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
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12
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Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: A review. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times.
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Arora S, Gosu V, Arun Kumar UK, Subbaramaiah V. A Facile Approach to Develop Rice Husk Derived Green Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe profitability margin of biodiesel production hampering due to surplus amount of glycerol with the low market price. Thus, developing an alternative route highly demanded for the conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals. In the present manuscript, green synthesis route was explored by utilizing rice husk derived catalyst. The catalytic properties of the prepared catalyst were investigated by using various characterization techniques. The basic strength of the catalyst was influenced by varying the calcination temperature (200 °C to 500 °C) as well as active metal (cerium) loading (5 wt. % to 20 wt. %). The present investigation revealed that 10 wt. % Ce on Na2SiO3 catalyst calcined at 400 °C exhibited the moderate basic sites of 13.89 mmol/g, which showed potential catalytic activity for the transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate under optimum condition: 92 % glycerol carbonate yield and 98 % glycerol conversion. The catalyst stability study revealed that the catalyst could be reused up to four consecutive cycles without an appreciable drop in catalytic activity. The kinetics of the reaction was also studied, and the activation energy was calculated as 23.80 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan302017, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Gosu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan302017, India
| | - U. K. Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan302017, India
| | - Verraboina Subbaramaiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan302017, India
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Abstract
Investigation was conducted on bauxite mixed with Li2CO3 as alkali metal catalysts for biodiesel production. Bauxite contains a high percentage of Si and Al compounds among products. Because of the high expense of commercial materials (SiO2, Al2O3) that makes them not economical, the method was very recently improved by replacing commercial materials with Si and Al from bauxite. This is one of the easiest methods for preparing heterogeneous transesterification catalysts, through one-pot blending, grinding bauxite with Li2CO3, and heating at 800 °C for 4 h. The prepared solid-base alkali metal catalyst was characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties using X-ray powder diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optimal conditions for the transesterification procedure are to mix methanol oil by molar ratio 9:1, under 65 °C, with catalyst amount 3 wt.%. The procedure is suitable for transesterifying oil to fatty acid methyl ester in the 96% range.
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Bai H, Liu X, Bao F, Zhao Z. Synthesis of micronized CaO assisted by NH
4
HCO
3
with Ca(OH)
2
and its application in heterogeneously catalyzing transesterification reaction for producing biodiesel. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Bai
- College of SciencesHenan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- College of SciencesHenan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Fengyu Bao
- College of SciencesHenan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhonglin Zhao
- College of SciencesHenan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
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Pan L, Xiang F, Cheng Z, Zhao X, Fu L, Li Y, Liu Y. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil with Methanol Catalyzed by Ni‐Doped CaO‐MgO Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Langsheng Pan
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical process Simulation and IntensificationXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Fuyun Xiang
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical process Simulation and IntensificationXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
| | - Yuejin Liu
- School of Chemical EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical process Simulation and IntensificationXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P.R. China
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18
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Deng Z, Xia A, Liao Q, Zhu X, Huang Y, Fu Q. Laccase pretreatment of wheat straw: effects of the physicochemical characteristics and the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 31249622 PMCID: PMC6589886 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat straw, the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass in China, is rich in cellulose that can be hydrolyzed and then converted into biofuels, such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. However, the accessibility of cellulose and the enzyme activity are greatly reduced in the presence of lignin. This significantly increases the enzyme cost in the saccharification, which hampers industrial production of lignocellulosic biofuels. In this study, a laccase treatment system mediated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole was employed to modify and degrade lignin to enhance subsequent enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw. A kinetic model considering enzyme adsorption on lignin was proposed to estimate the saccharification performance. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed that the peak intensity of lignin structure characteristics significantly changed after laccase-mediated system (LMS) treatment. 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses indicated that the aromatic ether bonds were cleaved and that guaiacyl (G) was oxidized after LMS treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses suggested that the crystallinity of lignocellulose increased due to the partial degradation of lignin. As a result, the nonproductive adsorption of the enzyme on lignin was reduced by 28%, while the reducing sugar yield increased by 26%. A semi-empirical kinetic model was used to estimate the reducing sugar yield, the initial hydrolysis rate (K M ) and deactivation rate coefficient (α) of LMS-pretreated wheat straw were 0.157 (h-1) and 0.214 (h-1), respectively. The model showed high accuracy (predicting error < 10%) for describing the behavior of laccase-treated wheat straw hydrolysis when the solid loading is < 5%. CONCLUSIONS The adsorption ability of the enzyme to lignin was reduced after LMS pretreatment. Physicochemical analyses showed that the chemical groups of lignin and lignocellulose were changed, with the crystallinity of the lignocellulose increasing after LMS treatment. A semi-empirical kinetic model was proposed to estimate the reducing sugar yield, which showed high accuracy for predicting the hydrolysis performance of laccase-treated wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
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20
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Ghaffari A, Behzad M. Facile synthesis of layered sodium disilicates as efficient and recoverable nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from rapeseed oil. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and characterization of magnetic LiFe5O8-LiFeO2 as a solid basic catalyst for biodiesel production. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Sulaiman S, Talha NS. Technique to Produce Catalyst from Egg Shell and Coconut Waste for Biodiesel Production. MULTIFACETED PROTOCOL IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018:83-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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23
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Chen YC, Lin DY, Chen BH. Transesterification of acid soybean oil for biodiesel production using lithium metasilicate catalyst prepared from diatomite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Statistical optimization for lithium silicate catalyzed production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Rice husk agricultural waste-derived low ionic content carbon–silica nanocomposite for green reinforced epoxy resin electronic packaging material. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Hsieh YY, Huang CZ, Tsai YC, Lin HP, Hsu CH, Loganathan A. Enhanced Thermal Stability in SiO2
/Carbon Filler Derived from Rice Husk via Microwave Treatment for Electronic Packaging Application. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Material Lab; Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc.; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chin-Zen Huang
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chih Tsai
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Hsu
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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Jamil F, Al-Haj L, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Al-Hinai MA, Baawain M, Rashid U, Ahmad MN. Current scenario of catalysts for biodiesel production: a critical review. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to increasing concerns about global warming and dwindling oil supplies, the world’s attention is turning to green processes that use sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock to produce renewable energy such as biofuels. Among them, biodiesel, which is made from nontoxic, biodegradable, renewable sources such as refined and used vegetable oils and animal fats, is a renewable substitute fuel for petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification in which oil or fat is reacted with short chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The process of transesterification is affected by the mode of reaction, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, type of alcohol, nature and amount of catalysts, reaction time, and temperature. Various studies have been carried out using different oils as the raw material; different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol); different catalysts; notably homogeneous catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and supercritical fluids; or, in some cases, enzymes such as lipases. This article focuses on the application of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production because of their environmental and economic advantages. This review contains a detailed discussion on the advantages and feasibility of catalysts for biodiesel production, which are both environmentally and economically viable as compared to conventional homogeneous catalysts. The classification of catalysts into different categories based on a catalyst’s activity, feasibility, and lifetime is also briefly discussed. Furthermore, recommendations have been made for the most suitable catalyst (bifunctional catalyst) for low-cost oils to valuable biodiesel and the challenges faced by the biodiesel industry with some possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering , College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat, 123 , Oman
| | - Lamya Al-Haj
- Department of Biology, College of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat 123 , Oman
| | - Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering , College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat, 123 , Oman
| | - Mohab A. Al-Hinai
- Department of Biology, College of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat 123 , Oman
| | - Mahad Baawain
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering , College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat 123 , Oman
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor-Malaysia
| | - Mohammad N.M. Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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28
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Dai YM, Kao IH, Chen CC. Evaluating the optimum operating parameters of biodiesel production process from soybean oil using the Li2TiO3 catalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Syamsuddin Y, Murat MN, Hameed BH. Synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester from the transesterification of high- and low-acid-content crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) and karanj oil (Pongamia pinnata) over a calcium-lanthanum-aluminum mixed-oxides catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:248-252. [PMID: 27136612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from the high- and low-acid-content feedstock of crude palm oil (CPO) and karanj oil (KO) was conducted over CaO-La2O3-Al2O3 mixed-oxide catalyst. Various reaction parameters were investigated using a batch reactor to identify the best reaction condition that results in the highest FAME yield for each type of oil. The transesterification of CPO resulted in a 97.81% FAME yield with the process conditions of 170°C reaction temperature, 15:1 DMC-to-CPO molar ratio, 180min reaction time, and 10wt.% catalyst loading. The transesterification of KO resulted in a 96.77% FAME yield with the conditions of 150°C reaction temperature, 9:1 DMC-to-KO molar ratio, 180min reaction time, and 5wt.% catalyst loading. The properties of both products met the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard requirements. The above results showed that the CaO-La2O3-Al2O3 mixed-oxide catalyst was suitable for high- and low-acid-content vegetable oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Syamsuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - M N Murat
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - B H Hameed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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Syamsuddin Y, Hameed B. Synthesis of glycerol free-fatty acid methyl esters from Jatropha oil over Ca–La mixed-oxide catalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Alvarez J, Lopez G, Amutio M, Bilbao J, Olazar M. Physical Activation of Rice Husk Pyrolysis Char for the Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maider Amutio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
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A review on recent advances in the comprehensive application of rice husk ash. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Fatty Acid Characteristics of Isochrysis galbana Lipids Extracted Using a Microwave-Assisted Method. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Hindryawati N, Maniam GP. Novel utilization of waste marine sponge (Demospongiae) as a catalyst in ultrasound-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 22:454-462. [PMID: 24842471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the potential of Na-silica waste sponge as a source of low cost catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil aided by ultrasound. In this work an environmentally friendly and efficient transesterification process using Na-loaded SiO2 from waste sponge skeletons as a solid catalyst is presented. The results showed that the methyl esters content of 98.4±0.4wt.% was obtainable in less than an hour (h) of reaction time at 55°C. Optimization of reaction parameters revealed that MeOH:oil, 9:1; catalyst, 3wt.% and reaction duration of 30min as optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst is able to tolerant free fatty acid and moisture content up to 6% and 8%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst can be reused for seven cycles while maintaining the methyl esters content at 86.3%. Ultrasound undoubtedly assisted in achieving this remarkable result in less than 1h reaction time. For the kinetics study at 50-60°C, a pseudo first order model was proposed, and the activation energy of the reaction is determined as 33.45kJ/mol using Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hindryawati
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Gunung Kelua, 75113 Samarinda, East Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Gaanty Pragas Maniam
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Central Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Dai YM, Hsieh JH, Chen CC. Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Catalyzed by Waste Silicone Solid Base Catalyst. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee AF, Bennett JA, Manayil JC, Wilson K. Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel productionviaesterification and transesterification. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7887-916. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature catalytic conversion of triglycerides and fatty acids sourced from renewable feedstocks represents a key enabling technology for the sustainable production of biodiesel through energy efficient, intensified processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Lee
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - James A. Bennett
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jinesh C. Manayil
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karen Wilson
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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