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Collins SE, Wiegand ME, Werner AN, Brown IN, Mundo MI, Swango DJ, Mouneimne G, Charest PG. Ras-mediated activation of mTORC2 promotes breast epithelial cell migration and invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar9. [PMID: 36542482 PMCID: PMC9930525 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) as an effector of Ras for the control of directed cell migration in Dictyostelium. Recently, the Ras-mediated regulation of mTORC2 was found to be conserved in mammalian cells, and mTORC2 was shown to be an effector of oncogenic Ras. Interestingly, mTORC2 has been linked to cancer cell migration, and particularly in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the role of Ras in promoting the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through mTORC2. We observed that both Ras and mTORC2 promote the migration of different breast cancer cells and breast cancer cell models. Using HER2 and oncogenic Ras-transformed breast epithelial MCF10A cells, we found that both wild-type Ras and oncogenic Ras promote mTORC2 activation and an mTORC2-dependent migration and invasion in these breast cancer models. We further observed that, whereas oncogenic Ras-transformed MCF10A cells display uncontrolled cell proliferation and invasion, disruption of mTORC2 leads to loss of invasiveness only. Together, our findings suggest that, whereas the Ras-mediated activation of mTORC2 is expected to play a minor role in breast tumor formation, the Ras-mTORC2 pathway plays an important role in promoting the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Collins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mollie E. Wiegand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Alyssa N. Werner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Isabella N. Brown
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mary I. Mundo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Douglas J. Swango
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Pascale G. Charest
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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2
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Li B, Zhang X, Ren Q, Gao L, Tian J. NVP-BEZ235 Inhibits Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting TAK1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:781623. [PMID: 35082669 PMCID: PMC8784527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.781623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the promising in vitro and preclinical results, dual PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor PP242 both failed to confirm their inhibitory efficacy against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in clinical settings. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism is essential so as to provide possibilities for their use in combination with other agents. In present study, RCC cell lines (UMRC6, 786-0 and UOK121) were treated with NVP-BEZ235, PP242 or Rapamycin, an mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-specific inhibitor. They all suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the effects were in the order of NVP-BEZ235 > PP242 > Rapamycin. Accordingly, the marked and sustained decrease in speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) expression and phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR kinases was observed in RCC cells treated with NVP-BEZ235 and PP242, whereas only potent inhibition of mTOR activity was induced in Rapamycin-treated cells. In considering the overactivation of c-Jun and IκB-α in human renal tumor tissue, we next investigated the role of JNK and IKK pathways in the response of RCC cells to these compounds. First of all, transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-dependent activation of JNK/ (activator protein-1) AP-1 axis in RCC cells was proved by the repression of AP-1 activity with TAK1 or JNK inhibitor. Second, the profound inhibition of TAK1/JNK/AP-1 pathway was demonstrated in RCC cells treated with NVP-BEZ235 or PP242 but not Rapamycin, which is manifested as a reduction in activity of TAK1, c-Jun and AP-1. Meanwhile, subsequent to TAK1 inactivation, the activation of IκB-α was also reduced by NVP-BEZ235 and PP242. Likewise, in vivo, treatment with NVP-BEZ235 and PP242 suppressed the growth of xenografts generated from 786-0 and A498 cells, along with decreased expression of phospho-TAK1, phospho-c-Jun, and phospho-IκB-α. In contrast, Rapamycin elicited no significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth and phosphorylation of TAK1, c-Jun and IκB-α. We conclude that besides PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, NVP-BEZ235, and PP242 simultaneously target TAK1-dependent pathways in RCC cells. Notably, these effects were more marked in the presence of NVP-BEZ235 than PP242, indicating the potential application of NVP-BEZ235 in combination therapy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Li
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qianyao Ren
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Bu J, Nair A, Kubiatowicz LJ, Poellmann MJ, Jeong WJ, Reyes-Martinez M, Armstrong AJ, George DJ, Wang AZ, Zhang T, Hong S. Surface engineering for efficient capture of circulating tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma: From nanoscale analysis to clinical application. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 162:112250. [PMID: 32392161 PMCID: PMC10510655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients' peripheral blood facilitates on-demand monitoring of tumor progression. However, clinically significant capture of renal cell carcinoma CTCs (RCC-CTCs) remains elusive due to their heterogenous surface receptor expression. Herein, a novel capture platform is developed to detect RCC-CTCs through integration of dendrimer-mediated multivalent binding, a mixture of antibodies, and biomimetic cell rolling. The nanoscale binding kinetics measured using atomic force microscopy reveal that dendrimer-coated surfaces exhibit an order of magnitude enhancement in off-rate kinetics compared to surface without dendrimers, which translated into cell capture improvements by ~60%. Selectin-induced cell rolling facilitates surface recruitment of cancer cells, further improving cancer cell capture by up to 1.7-fold. Lastly, an antibody cocktail targeting four RCC-CTC surface receptors, which included epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), improves the capture of RCC cells by up to 80%. The optimal surface configuration outperforms the conventional assay solely relying on EpCAM, as demonstrated by detecting significantly more CTCs in patients' samples (9.8 ± 5.1 vs. 1.8 ± 2.0 CTCs mL-1). These results demonstrate that the newly engineered capture platform effectively detects RCC-CTCs for their potential use as tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ashita Nair
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Luke J Kubiatowicz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael J Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Marco Reyes-Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Whiting D, Sriprasad S. Molecular biology and targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415819849322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is challenging as it has proven to be relatively resistant to conventional oncological treatments. An improved understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma has led to the development of a number of targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This includes vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and most recently immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article will review the mechanisms of development and progression of renal cell carcinoma as well as the mechanisms of current approved treatments in metastatic disease.Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whiting
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
| | - S Sriprasad
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
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Zhang G, Wang W, Huang W, Xie X, Liang Z, Cao H. Cross-disease analysis identified novel common genes for both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3463-3470. [PMID: 31516564 PMCID: PMC6732964 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) exhibits a number of similarities with lung adenocarcinoma (LA) in terms of copy number alterations. However, compared with LA, the range of genetic alterations in LSCC is less understood. In the present study, a large-scale literature-based search of LA-associated genes and LSCC-associated genes was performed to identify the genetic basis in common with these two diseases. For each of the LA-associated genes, a mega-analysis was performed to test its expression variations in LSCC using 11 RNA expression datasets, with significant genes identified using statistical analysis. Subsequently, a functional pathway analysis was performed to identify a possible association between any of the significant genes identified from the mega-analysis and LSCC, followed by a co-expression analysis. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was employed to investigate the possible influence of sample size, country of origin and study date on gene expression in patients with LSCC. Disease-gene association data analysis identified 1,178 genes involved in LA, 334 in LSCC, with a significant overlap of 187 genes (P<1.02×−161). Mega-analysis revealed that three LA-associated genes, such as solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), were significantly associated with LSCC (P<1.60×10−8), with multiple potential pathways identified by functional pathway analysis, which were further validated by co-expression analysis. The present MLR analysis suggested that the country of origin was a significant factor for the levels of expression of all three genes in patients with LSCC (P<4.0×10−3). Collectively, the present results suggested that genes associated with LA should be further investigated for their association with LSCC. In addition, SLC2A1, EPAS1 and CDK4 may be novel risk genes associated with LA and LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315037, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315037, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315037, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315037, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- Statistical Genomics and Data Analysis Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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Jing X, Peng J, Dou Y, Sun J, Ma C, Wang Q, Zhang L, Luo X, Kong B, Zhang Y, Wang L, Qu X. Macrophage ERα promoted invasion of endometrial cancer cell by mTOR/KIF5B-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:563-576. [PMID: 30779215 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exert tumor-promoting effects. There have been reports that estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed on the infiltrating macrophages of endometriosis, ovarian cancer and lung cancer. However, the role of ERs in macrophages is not well characterized. In this study, we identified that ER alpha (ERα) expression on the macrophages of human endometrial cancer was positively correlated with cancer progression. Conditioned medium from selective ERα agonist-treated M2 macrophages induced the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrial cancer cells. However, this effect can be inhibited by ERα antagonist. Here, we showed that macrophages ERα-engaged abundantly produced chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), and its expression promoted the invasion of endometrial cancer cells by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, whereas suppressing CCL18 abrogated these effects. Furthermore, we identified that CCL18 derived from TAMs upregulated KIF5B expression to promote EMT via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Overall, our findings show how ERα-engaged infiltrating macrophages initiate chronic inflammation and promote the aggressive progression of endometrial cancer cells. ERα-positive TAMs act as drivers of endometrial cancer, which may become a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Jing
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Dou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jintang Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Tang X, Xie C, Jiang Z, Li A, Cai S, Hou C, Wang J, Liang Y, Ma D. Rituximab (anti-CD20)-modified AZD-2014-encapsulated nanoparticles killing of B lymphoma cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1063-1073. [PMID: 30198340 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1478844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR signal pathway is often highly activated in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and promotes cancer progression and chemo-resistance. Therefore, the pathways of mTOR are an important target for drug development in this disease. In the current study, we developed a rituximab (anti-CD20)-modified mTOR inhibitor, AZD-2014, loaded into nanoparticles (Ab-NPs-AZD-2014) for trial of its anti-NHL effect. In a cultured NHL cell line, Ab-NPs-AZD-2014 inhibited cancer cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, and blocked activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Raji cells. These results indicate that antibody modification and nanomaterial loading of AZD-2014 with anti-CD20 significantly improved efficacy of AZD-2014 against NHL cells. This approach may ultimately deserve testing in therapy against NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- a Medical College , Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan , China
| | - Chunmei Xie
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- c Departments of Microbiology and Immunology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Amin Li
- a Medical College , Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan , China
| | - Shiyu Cai
- a Medical College , Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan , China
| | - Changhao Hou
- a Medical College , Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan , China
| | - Jian Wang
- a Medical College , Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan , China
| | - Yong Liang
- d Huai'an Hospital Afliated of Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second Hospital , Huai'an , China
| | - Dong Ma
- e Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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8
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mTOR Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Different Contributions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 Complexes for Tumor Behavior and SLC5A5 mRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051448. [PMID: 29757257 PMCID: PMC5983778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is overactivated in thyroid cancer (TC). We previously demonstrated that phospho-mTOR expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and lower mRNA expression of SLC5A5 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), while phospho-S6 (mTORC1 effector) expression was associated with less aggressive clinicopathological features. The distinct behavior of the two markers led us to hypothesize that mTOR activation may be contributing to a preferential activation of the mTORC2 complex. To approach this question, we performed immunohistochemistry for phospho-AKT Ser473 (mTORC2 effector) in a series of 182 PTCs previously characterized for phospho-mTOR and phospho-S6 expression. We evaluated the impact of each mTOR complex on SLC5A5 mRNA expression by treating cell lines with RAD001 (mTORC1 blocker) and Torin2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2 blocker). Phospho-AKT Ser473 expression was positively correlated with phospho-mTOR expression. Nuclear expression of phospho-AKT Ser473 was significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases. Treatment of cell lines with RAD001 did not increase SLC5A5 mRNA levels, whereas Torin2 caused a ~6 fold increase in SLC5A5 mRNA expression in the TPC1 cell line. In PTC, phospho-mTOR activation may lead to the activation of the mTORC2 complex. Its downstream effector, phospho-AKT Ser473, may be implicated in distant metastization, therapy resistance, and downregulation of SLC5A5 mRNA expression.
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Vilardell J, Alcaraz E, Sarró E, Trilla E, Cuadros T, de Torres I, Plana M, Ramón Y Cajal S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M, Morote J, Meseguer A, Itarte E. Under-expression of CK2β subunit in ccRCC represents a complementary biomarker of p-STAT3 Ser727 that correlates with patient survival. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5736-5751. [PMID: 29464030 PMCID: PMC5814170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of renal cancer. STAT3 pathway is altered in these tumors and p-STAT3 Ser727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Protein kinase CK2 is altered in different types of tumors and overexpression of CK2α is considered predictive of bad prognosis and metastatic risk. CK2 subunits analyses in ccRCC samples showed increased CK2α/α’ nuclear content in all cases, but decreased cytosolic CK2β (CK2βcyt) levels in the more advanced tumors. Stable downregulation of CK2β in renal proximal tubular (HK-2) and clear cell adenocarcinoma (786-O) cells triggered changes in E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail1 protein levels indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased HIF-α. Moreover, CK2β was required in order to observe STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation in HK-2 but not in 786-O cells. We also observed that CK2β improved the prognostic value of p-STAT3 Ser727, as CK2βcyt>41 (median value) discriminates patients free of disease for a period of 10 years upon surgery, from those with CK2βcyt<41, when p-STAT3 Ser727levels are low. We conclude that CK2β down-regulation might represent a mechanism to support EMT and angiogenesis and that CK2βcyt levels are instrumental to refine prognosis of ccRCC patients with low p-STAT3 Ser727 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vilardell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefania Alcaraz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sarró
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Trilla
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thaïs Cuadros
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Plana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Juan Morote
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Itarte
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Wang Q, Tang Y, Yu H, Yin Q, Li M, Shi L, Zhang W, Li D, Li L. CCL18 from tumor-cells promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis via mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1688-1699. [PMID: 26457987 PMCID: PMC5057350 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCL18 is a chemotactic cytokine involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including cancer. Previously, our results showed high levels of CCL18 in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients suggesting its potential as a circulating biomarker. In this study, we determined that CCL18 expression was up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma compared with adjacent tissue and was expressed in carcinoma cells in the tumor and not in normal ovarian epithelial cells by laser capture microdissection coupled with real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the CCL18 level was positively correlated with the metastasis of patients with ovarian cancer. Survival analysis also revealed that an increased level of CCL18 was associated with worse survival time in ovarian cancer patients. Over-expression of CCL18 led to enhanced migration and invasion of the Skov3 ovarian cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Finally, proteomics analysis demonstrated that CCL18-mediated ovarian cancer invasiveness was strongly correlated with the mTORC2 pathway. These findings suggest that the CCL18 chemokine has an important role in chemokine-mediated tumor metastasis, and may serve as a potential predictor for poor survival outcomes for ovarian cancer. © 2015 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Hongjing Yu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Qiaoyun Yin
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China.
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Wang YG, Xu L, Jia RR, Wu Q, Wang T, Wei J, Ma JL, Shi M, Li ZS. DDR2 Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Activities via Activating mTORC2 Signaling and Is Associated with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2272-2283. [PMID: 27010547 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in cancer progression. Previous studies have suggested that discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is related to tumor progression and EMT. However, the role of DDR2 in regulating gastric cancer (GC) metastasis and in EMT has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine DDR2 expression and its clinical relation in GC and to investigate the effects of DDR2 on EMT and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS DDR2 expression and the relation to patients' clinicopathological features were assayed by Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The effects of DDR2 overexpression were investigated using in vivo tumorigenicity and xenograft models. The effects of DDR2 on EMT marker expression were assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The possible role of the mTORC pathway in these processes was explored. RESULTS DDR2 showed high expression in GC tissues and cells. DDR2 expression was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression and positively correlated with N-cadherin and vimentin expression. High DDR2 expression is correlated with unfavorable pathoclinical features such as multiple tumor locations and intestinal-type GC. In xenograft models, DDR2 overexpression promoted tumor formation. Furthermore, DDR2 expression impacted on the invasion and motility of GC cells, accompanied by changes in EMT marker expression. Finally, our results revealed that DDR2 facilitates GC cell invasion and EMT through mTORC2 activation and AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSION DDR2 is upregulated and correlated with unfavorable clinical features of GC patients. DDR2 promotes tumor formation and invasion through facilitating EMT process via mTORC2 activation and AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Rong-Rong Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jia-Li Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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12
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Evensen NA, Li Y, Kuscu C, Liu J, Cathcart J, Banach A, Zhang Q, Li E, Joshi S, Yang J, Denoya PI, Pastorekova S, Zucker S, Shroyer KR, Cao J. Hypoxia promotes colon cancer dissemination through up-regulation of cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP). Oncotarget 2016; 6:20723-39. [PMID: 26009875 PMCID: PMC4653038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic stress drives cancer progression by causing a transcriptional reprogramming. Recently, KIAA1199 was discovered to be a cell-migration inducing protein (renamed CEMIP) that is upregulated in human cancers. However, the mechanism of induction of CEMIP in cancer was hitherto unknown. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia induces CEMIP expression leading to enhanced cell migration. Immunohistochemistry of human colon cancer tissues revealed that CEMIP is upregulated in cancer cells located at the invasive front or in the submucosa. CEMIP localization inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression, which is characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, hypoxia-inducible-factor-2α (HIF-2α), but not HIF-1α binds directly to the hypoxia response element within the CEMIP promoter region resulting in increased CEMIP expression. Functional characterization reveals that CEMIP is a downstream effector of HIF-2α-mediated cell migration. Expression of CEMIP was demonstrated to negatively correlate with the expression of Jarid1A, a histone demethylase that removes methyl groups from H3K4me3 (an activation marker for transcription), resulting in altered gene repression. Low oxygen tension inhibits the function of Jarid1A, leading to increased presence of H3K4me3 within the CEMIP promoter. These results provide insight into the upregulation of CEMIP within cancer and can lead to novel treatment strategies targeting this cancer cell migration-promoting gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Evensen
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, NYU Medical School, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jillian Cathcart
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Anna Banach
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine/Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Sonia Joshi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Paula I Denoya
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84505, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanley Zucker
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Kurimoto R, Iwasawa S, Ebata T, Ishiwata T, Sekine I, Tada Y, Tatsumi K, Koide S, Iwama A, Takiguchi Y. Drug resistance originating from a TGF-β/FGF-2-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its reversion in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines harboring an EGFR mutation. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1825-36. [PMID: 26984042 PMCID: PMC4809654 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a malignant cancer phenotype characterized by augmented invasion and metastasis, chemoresistance, and escape from host-immunity. This study sought to identify efficient methods for inducing EMT reversion, to evaluate alterations in chemosensitivity and immune-protectiveness, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-9 and HCC-827, harboring an EGFR mutation, were treated with TGF-β and FGF-2 to induce EMT. The phenotypic alterations were evaluated by RT-PCR, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, cell-mobility, and flow cytometry. Chemosensitivity to gefitinib and cisplatin was evaluated using an MTT assay and apoptosis. Immune-protectiveness was evaluated by PD-L1 expression. A combination of TGF-β and FGF-2 efficiently induced EMT in both cell lines: through Smad3 pathway in PC-9, and through Smad3, MEK/Erk, and mTOR pathways in HCC-827. The mTOR inhibitor PP242, metformin, and DMSO reverted EMT to different extent and through different pathways, depending on the cell lines. EMT induction reduced the sensitivity to gefitinib in both cell lines and to cisplatin in HCC-827, and it increased PD-L1 expression in both cell lines. EMT reversion using each of the 3 agents partly restored chemosensitivity and suppressed PD-L1 expression. Thus, chemoresistance and increased PD-L1 expression caused by EMT can be successfully reverted by EMT-reverting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Iwasawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ebata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ishiwata
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sekine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takiguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Re: mTORC1 Drives HIF-1α and VEGF-A Signalling via Multiple Mechanisms Involving 4E-BP1, S6K1 and STAT3. J Urol 2016; 195:524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Niu PG, Zhang YX, Shi DH, Liu Y, Chen YY, Deng J. Cardamonin Inhibits Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells by Decreasing mTOR Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127778. [PMID: 25996501 PMCID: PMC4440626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the motility and invasion of cancer cells. Cardamonin is a chalcone that exhibits anti-tumor activity. The previous study had proved that the anti-tumor effect of cardamonin was associated with mTOR inhibition. In the present study, the anti-metastatic effect of cardamonin and its underlying molecule mechanisms were investigated on the highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were measured by MTT, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression and activation of mTOR- and adhesion-related proteins were assessed by Western blotting. The in vivo effect of cardamonin on the metastasis of the LLC cells was investigated by a mouse model. Treated with cardamonin, the proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were significantly inhibited. The expression of Snail was decreased by cardamonin, while that of E-cadherin was increased. In addition, cardamonin inhibited the activation of mTOR and its downstream target ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Furthermore, the tumor growth and its lung metastasis were inhibited by cardamonin in C57BL/6 mice. It indicated that cardamonin inhibited the invasion and metastasis of LLC cells through inhibiting mTOR. The metastasis inhibitory effect of cardamonin was correlated with down-regulation of Snail and up-regulation of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Guang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dao-Hua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Yao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Ishigaki Y, Nakamura Y, Tatsuno T, Ma S, Tomosugi N. Phosphorylation status of human RNA-binding protein 8A in cells and its inhibitory regulation by Magoh. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:438-45. [PMID: 25349214 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214556945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein 8A (RBM8A)-mago-nashi homolog, proliferation-associated (Magoh) complex is a component of the exon junction complex (EJC) required for mRNA metabolism involving nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). RBM8A is a phosphorylated protein that plays some roles in NMD. However, the detailed status and mechanism of the phosphorylation of RBM8A is not completely understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed in detail RBM8A phosphorylation in human cells. Accordingly, analysis of the phosphorylation status of RBM8A protein in whole-cell lysates by using Phos-tag gels revealed that the majority of endogenous RBM8A was phosphorylated throughout the cell-cycle progression. Nuclear and cytoplasmic RBM8A and RBM8A in the EJC were also found to be mostly phosphorylated. We also screened the phosphorylated serine by mutational analysis using Phos-tag gels to reveal modifications of serine residues 166 and 168. A single substitution at position 168 that concomitantly abolished the phosphorylation of serine 166 suggested the priority of kinase reaction between these sites. Furthermore, analysis of the role of the binding protein Magoh in RBM8A phosphorylation revealed its inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that almost all synthesized RBM8A proteins are rapidly phosphorylated in cells and that phosphorylation occurs before the complex formation with Magoh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanori Tatsuno
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shaofu Ma
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan Medical Care Proteomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan
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17
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Chemotherapy-mediated p53-dependent DNA damage response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: role of the mTORC1/2 and hypoxia-inducible factor pathways. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e865. [PMID: 24136229 PMCID: PMC3920935 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-damaging agent camptothecin (CPT) and its analogs demonstrate clinical utility for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, and CPT-based nanopharmaceuticals are currently in clinical trials for advanced kidney cancer; however, little is known regarding the effects of CPT on hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) accumulation and activity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here we assessed the effects of CPT on the HIF/p53 pathway. CPT demonstrated striking inhibition of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α accumulation in von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)-defective ccRCC cells, but surprisingly failed to inhibit protein levels of HIF-2α-dependent target genes (VEGF, PAI-1, ET-1, cyclin D1). Instead, CPT induced DNA damage-dependent apoptosis that was augmented in the presence of pVHL. Further analysis revealed CPT regulated endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a p53-dependent manner: CPT increased ET-1 mRNA abundance in VHL-defective ccRCC cell lines that was significantly augmented in their VHL-expressing counterparts that displayed increased phosphorylation and accumulation of p53; p53 siRNA suppressed CPT-induced increase in ET-1 mRNA, as did an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling, suggesting a role for ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 in the induction of ET-1. Finally, we demonstrate that p53 phosphorylation and accumulation is partially dependent on mTOR activity in ccRCC. Consistent with this result, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1/2 kinase inhibited CPT-mediated ET-1 upregulation, and p53-dependent responses in ccRCC. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insight into the action of CPT in ccRCC, identify ET-1 as a p53-regulated gene and demonstrate a requirement of mTOR for p53-mediated responses in this tumor type.
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Abstract
As whole-genome sequencing technology rapidly advances, the insights gained from deciphering cancer genomes are shifting the paradigm in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer with the promise of individualized treatment for each patient. Information gained in this way is extensive for certain cancers, but fairly limited in renal cell carcinomas and urothelial carcinoma. Mutations in multiple, potentially druggable genes have been identified in urothelial carcinomas; however, the association between molecular alterations and clinical outcome has not yet been robustly demonstrated. Data in this area are emerging in renal cell carcinoma, leading to the development of targeted agents that have improved overall survival. Unfortunately, these treatments rarely yield complete responses, are not curative, and development of resistance ensues. This Review will focus on the biology of non-hormonally driven urological cancers. We discuss how approaches using whole-genome sequencing can facilitate the discovery of biomarkers of drug sensitivity in both renal cell carcinomas and urothelial carcinomas. For renal cell carcinomas, we will describe how genomic and epigenomic mining has uncovered novel genes and pathways involved in tumorigenesis, tumour classification and mechanisms of resistance in the various subsets of this disease and the potential for exploiting these discoveries in the clinic.
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Andersson KE. This Month in Investigative Urology. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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