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Jia ZC, Liu SJ, Chen TF, Shi ZZ, Li XL, Gao ZW, Zhang Q, Zhong CF. Chlorogenic acid can improve spermatogenic dysfunction in rats with varicocele by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by oxidative mitochondrial DNA and cGAS/STING pathway. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107571. [PMID: 38936048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Varicocele (VC) has been recognized as a common cause of male infertility that can be treated by surgery or drugs. How to reduce the damage of VC to testicular spermatogenic function has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Among them, overexpressed ROS and high levels of inflammation may play a key role in VC-induced testicular damage. As the key mediated innate immune pathways, cGAS-STING shaft under pathological conditions, such as in cell and tissue damage stress can be cytoplasmic DNA activation, induce the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle, triggering downstream of the inflammatory cascade reaction. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as a natural compound from a wide range of sources, has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and is a potential effective drug for the treatment of varicocele infertility. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CGA in the spermatogenic dysfunction of the rat testis induced by VC and the potential mechanisms. The results of this study have shown that CGA gavage treatment ameliorated the pathological damage of seminiferous tubules, increased the number of sperm in the lumen, and increased the expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1, which indicated the therapeutic effect of CGA on spermatogenic dysfunction in the testis of VC rats. Meanwhile, the damage of mitochondrial structure was alleviated and the expression levels of ROS, NLRP3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18) were significantly reduced in the testicular tissues of model rats after CGA treatment. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time the high expression status of cGAS and STING in testicular tissues of VC model rats, and this was ameliorated to varying degrees after CGA treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that CGA can improve the spermatogenic function of the testis by reducing mitochondrial damage and inhibiting the activation of the cGAS-STING axis, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and improving the inflammatory damage of the testis, highlighting the potential of CGA as a therapeutic agent for varicocele infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Jia
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Sheng-Jing Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Teng-Fei Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhuo-Zhuo Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhao-Wang Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Chong-Fu Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, Jinan 250000, China.
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Munoz-Lopez C, Wong A, Lewis K, Bole R, Vij SC, Lundy SD. The Evolving Landscape of Male Varicocele Pathophysiology in the Era of Multi-Omics: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:80. [PMID: 38392299 PMCID: PMC10886418 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Male-factor infertility is implicated in over half of the millions of cases of infertility worldwide, and varicoceles are the most common correctable cause of male-factor infertility. The pathophysiologic mechanism for varicoceles is complex and next-generation technologies offer promising insights into the molecular underpinnings of this condition. In this narrative review, we highlight historical and contemporary paradigms associated with varicoceles, with an emphasis on the biological underpinnings of this disease. Specifically, we review the literature describing the underlying causes of varicoceles, discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing pathological changes in some (but not all) men, and highlight key articles regarding the next-generation analyses (e.g., transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and microbiome) being applied to better understand the condition and its treatment. These data demonstrate an ongoing evolution of the knowledge of varicoceles and the potential for improved personalized care in the future for men with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Munoz-Lopez
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anne Wong
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kieran Lewis
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Raevti Bole
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sarah C Vij
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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3
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Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Varicocele and testicular cord torsion: immune testicular microenvironment imbalance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1282579. [PMID: 38099296 PMCID: PMC10720440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1282579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of the testis, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, depend on the endocrine axis and systemic and local tolerance mechanisms. Infectious or non-infectious diseases may disturb testicular immune regulation causing infertility. Literature has illustrated that bacterial and viral infections lead to autoimmune infertility: either sperm antibodies or autoimmune epidydimo-orchitis. However, little is known about the association between non-infectious testicular pathologic diseases and autoimmunity. Here we review the novel aspect of varicocele and testicular cord torsion pathology linked to inflammation and discuss how immune factors could contribute to or modulate autoimmunity in ipsi- and contralateral testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa A. Guazzone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mechanisms underlying impaired spermatogenic function in orchitis induced by busulfan. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:1-7. [PMID: 36372306 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. It is also an ideal agent for preparing transplant recipients of spermatogonial stem cells because of its high efficiency in destroying endogenous germ cells in the testis. However, its toxicity mechanism remains unclear, affecting its clinical use and applications. Based on reports of busulfan causing orchitis and a previous study by our team, this article summarizes the relationship between busulfan and orchitis, cytokines, the blood-testis barrier, and the cytoskeleton, unravels the regulatory pathways and mechanism behind busulfan-induced orchitis, and reveals the molecular mechanism underlying impaired spermatogenic function in orchitis, providing new ideas for the clinical application of busulfan while reducing its testicular toxicity.
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Wang K, Gao Y, Wang C, Liu Z, Liang M, Liao Y, Hu K. Is Parthanatos Involved in Varicocele? DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:861-870. [PMID: 36067068 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicoceles (VCs) have received widespread attention as a primary factor affecting male fertility and a pathological condition that may lead to decreased sperm count and motility in patients. Many studies have shown that an imbalance of local antioxidant balance exists in patients with VC, leading to an obvious increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may cause reductive stress. Excessive ROS may aggravate spermatogenesis dysfunction and affect male fertility. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme associated with DNA repair in eukaryotic cells, can be activated by DNA fragments with structural damage, and has been considered a DNA damage receptor in DNA damage repair and apoptosis. We built a rat model of VC and an oxidative damage model of a spermatocyte-derived cell line (GC-2 cells) induced by hydrogen peroxide to study the role of PARP1 in VC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by RNA sequencing in the testes of VC rats. Analysis of DEGs revealed some genes with significantly altered expression, which were validated in rat and cell models. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR analysis, Western blot, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the changes between the control group and the VC or hydrogen peroxide group. Overall, we found that PARP1 protein expression increased in VC rats and in the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress model of GC-2 cells. Parthanatos may be one of the factors leading to reduced reproductive capacity in VC patients. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of male infertility induced by oxidative stress and provides a new therapeutic target for VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanxian Wang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Liu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Liao
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
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Shen Y, You Y, Zhu K, Fang C, Yu X, Chang D. Bibliometric and visual analysis of blood-testis barrier research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969257. [PMID: 36071829 PMCID: PMC9441755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive research on the blood-testis barrier has been undertaken in recent years. However, no systematic bibliometric study has been conducted on this subject. Our research aimed to identify the hotspots and frontiers of blood-testis barrier research and to serve as a guide for future scientific research and decision-making in the field.Methods: Studies on the blood-testis barrier were found in the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel were used to conduct the bibliometric and visual analyses.Results: We found 942 blood-testis barrier studies published in English between 1992 and 2022. The number of annual publications and citations increased significantly between 2011 and 2022, notably in the United States. China and the United States, the US Population Council, Endocrinology, and Cheng C. Yan were the most productive countries, institution, journal, and author, respectively. The study keywords indicated that blood-testis barrier research involves a variety of compositional features (tight junctions, cytoskeleton, adherens junctions), cell types (Sertoli cells, germ cells, Leydig cells, stem cells), reproductive toxicity (cadmium, nanoparticles, bisphenol-a), and relevant mechanisms (spermatogenesis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, dynamics, inflammation, immune privilege).Conclusion: The composition and molecular processes of the blood-testis barrier as well as the blood-testis barrier in male infertility patients are the primary research hotspots in this field. In addition, future research will likely focus on treatment and the development of novel medications that target signal pathways in oxidative stress and apoptosis to preserve the blood-testis barrier. Further studies must extend to clinical diagnosis and therapy.
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Hypertension Induces Gonadal Macrophage Imbalance, Inflammation, Lymphangiogenesis, and Dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:879-894. [PMID: 35532133 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is associated with gonadal dysfunction and impaired reproductive health in both men and women. An imbalance in the systemic and renal pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage ratio, increased inflammation, and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis have been observed in animals with HTN. However, the impact of HTN on gonadal macrophages, inflammation, and lymphatics remains obscure. We hypothesized that salt-sensitive HTN (SSHTN) and HTN alters gonadal macrophage polarization, which is associated with inflammation, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and reproductive dysfunction. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a significant increase in M1 macrophages in the testes of SSHTN and nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced HTN (LHTN) mice, with a concurrent decrease in M2 macrophages in SSHTN mice yet an increase in M2 macrophages in LHTN mice. Ovaries from SSHTN mice exhibited increase in M1 and a decrease in M2 macrophages, while ovaries from LHTN mice had a significant increase in M2 and a decrease in M1 macrophages. Gene expression patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed gonadal inflammation in all hypertensive mice. Increased lymphatic vessel density in the gonads of both male and female hypertensive mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining for LYVE-1. HTN adversely affected the expression pattern of steroidogenic enzymes, hormone receptors, and secretory proteins in both the testes and ovaries. In line with these results, male hypertensive mice also presented with decreased sperm concentration, and increased percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology, damaged acrosome, and non-functional mitochondrial activity. These data demonstrate that HTN alters gonadal macrophage polarization, which is associated with gonadal inflammation, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis, and dysfunction.
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Akhigbe RE, Dutta S, Hamed MA, Ajayi AF, Sengupta P, Ahmad G. Viral Infections and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:782915. [PMID: 36303638 PMCID: PMC9580820 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.782915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have been a part of human existence to date, though viruses have posed a huge threat with various outbreaks lately. These threats are associated with reproductive health challenges, especially male infertility. The prime focus of this review is to highlight the mechanisms associated with viral infection-induced male infertility/subfertility and identify new treatment strategies with the aim to preserve male fertility. The reviewed data showed that viral infections stimulate inflammatory responses, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which induces oxidative stress. This oxido-inflammatory cycle could continue in a vicious cycle and threaten male fertility. Existing data from human and experimental studies show that viral infection-induced oxido-inflammatory response results in testicular damage, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells, and reduced Leydig cell mass. This is accompanied by reduced circulatory testosterone, impaired spermatogenesis, reduced sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis of the sperm cells. Based on the available pieces of evidence, antioxidant therapy, in vivo and in vitro, may be beneficial and protects against the potential risk of male infertility from viral infection. It is, however recommended that more clinical studies be conducted to demonstrate the possible protective roles of antioxidants used as adjuvant therapy in viral infections, and in the in vitro treatment of semen samples for those utilizing semen washing and artificial reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E. Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Moses A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Brainwill Laboratories, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji F. Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biosciences and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Pallav Sengupta
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Redox Biology Group, Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Gulfam Ahmad
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Mahdavinezhad F, Farmani AR, Pakniat H, Taghavi S, Gharaei R, Valipour J, Amidi F. COVID-19 and varicocele: the possible overlap factors and the common therapeutic approaches. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13518. [PMID: 34967487 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is recognized as one of the main attributable causes of male infertility which can affect spermatogenesis by various pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant, hyperthermia, hypoxia, hormonal dysfunction, and inflammatory conditions as major factors in the pathophysiology of varicocele, all of which have known direct associations with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can significantly increase the risk of detrimental COVID-19-related outcomes. Emerging data have shown an association between COVID-19 and inflammation, overproduction of cytokine, and other pathophysiological processes. The present review, summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and investigates the potential correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and the varicocele disease. In addition, various possible treatments which can be effective in both diseases were examined. Despite numerous challenges associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 in healthcare systems in infected countries, special attention should be given to maintaining a high level of care for complex patients with a pre-existing disease such as varicocele and providing appropriate practical advice for optimal control of the COVID-19 disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pakniat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed Taghavi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Gharaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Valipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rajak P, Roy S, Dutta M, Podder S, Sarkar S, Ganguly A, Mandi M, Khatun S. Understanding the cross-talk between mediators of infertility and COVID-19. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100559. [PMID: 34547545 PMCID: PMC8407955 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the ongoing health emergency affecting individuals of all ages around the globe. Initially, the infection was reported to affect pulmonary structures. However, recent studies have delineated the impacts of COVID-19 on the reproductive system of both men and women. Hence, the present review aims to shed light on the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in various reproductive organs. In addition, impacts of COVID-19 mediators like disrupted renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress, cytokine storm, fever, and the mental stress on reproductive physiology have also been discussed. For the present study, various keywords were used to search literature on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were screened for relevancy and were studied in detail for qualitative synthesis of the review. Through our literature review, we found a multitude of effects of COVID-19 mediators on reproductive systems. Studies reported expression of receptors like ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and CD147 in the testes, epididymis, prostrate, seminal vesicles, and ovarian follicles. These proteins are known to serve as major SARS-CoV-2 entry factors. The expression of lysosomal cathepsins (CTSB/CTSL) and/ neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are also evident in the testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, fallopian tube, cervix, and endometrium. The binding of viral spike protein with ACE-2 was found to alter the renin-angiotensin cascade, which could invite additional infertility problems. Furthermore, COVID-19 mediated cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and elevated body temperature could be detrimental to gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, and reproductive cycles in patients. Finally, social isolation, confinement, and job insecurities have fueled mental stress and frustration that might promote glucocorticoid-mediated subnormal sperm quality in men and higher risk of miscarriage in women. Hence, the influence of COVID-19 on the alteration of reproductive health and fertility is quite apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sayanti Podder
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhratanu Ganguly
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Department of Zoology, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, West Bengal, India
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Pan Z, Gao Y, Liu S, Ke Z, Guo J, Ma W, Cui T, Liu B, Zhang X. Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong-Wan protects mouse blood-testis barrier from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. multiglycoside-induced disruption by regulating proinflammatory cytokines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114440. [PMID: 34293456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong-Wan (WZYZW) is a classical traditonal Chinese herbal formula and a Chinese patent medicine used to treat male infertility. However, the chemical components of WZYZW and its mechanism are not yet fully clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to observe the effect and underlying mechanism of WZYZW on ameliorating blood-testis barrier (BTB) dysfunction in mice with spermatogenic dysfunction induced by administration of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. multiglycosides (GTW). MATERIALS AND METHODS WZYZW was administered by gavage to mice with GTW-induced spermatogenic dysfunction (kidney essence deficiency pattern) for 40 days. Testis tissues were obtained for subsequent histopathological analysis. Biotin tracing was used to evaluate the permeability of Sertoli cell tight junctions. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, IL-1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed by ELISA. The expression levels of proteins related to tight junction including ZO-1, JAM-A and occludin were analyzed by western blotting. The ultrastructures of tight junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS WZYZW ameliorated GTW-induced testicular spermatogenic dysfunction. Levels of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-1α, and TNF-α in the groups receiving low, medium, and high doses of WZYZW decreased in a dose-dependent manner. WZYZW impeded a biotin tracer from permeating the BTB, protecting its integrity in GTW-treated mice. In addition, our results showed no significant changes in the protein expressions of ZO-1, JAM-A, and occludin after WZYZW administration compared with the GTW group. Meanwhile, WZYZW exhibited a linear arrangement and restored the typical "sandwich" structure of BTB. No acute poisoning incidences were observed in all groups during the experiment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that WZYZW may ameliorate some GTW-induced BTB dysfunction, possibly by regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels. In vitro studies on the regulation of BTB permeability by WZYZW and its active components are further required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Pan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 401121, China.
| | - Zhenghao Ke
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianwei Cui
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Baoxing Liu
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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12
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Thomas PA, Schafler ED, Ruff SE, Voisin M, Ha S, Logan SK. UXT in Sertoli cells is required for blood-testis barrier integrity†. Biol Reprod 2021; 103:880-891. [PMID: 32678429 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that establishes male fertility and involves proper communication between the germline (spermatozoa) and the somatic tissue (Sertoli cells). Many factors that are important for spermatozoa production are also required for Sertoli cell function. Recently, we showed that the transcriptional cofactor ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) encodes a protein that is essential in germ cells for spermatogenesis and fertility. However, the role of UXT within Sertoli cells and how it affects Sertoli cell function was still unclear. Here we describe a novel role for UXT in the Sertoli cell's ability to support spermatogenesis. We find that the conditional deletion of Uxt in Sertoli cells results in smaller testis size and weight, which coincided with a loss of germ cells in a subset of seminiferous tubules. In addition, the deletion of Uxt has no impact on Sertoli cell abundance or maturity, as they express markers of mature Sertoli cells. Gene expression analysis reveals that the deletion of Uxt in Sertoli cells reduces the transcription of genes involved in the tight junctions of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Furthermore, tracer experiments and electron microscopy reveal that the BTB is permeable in UXT KO animals. These findings broaden our understanding of UXT's role in Sertoli cells and its contribution to the structural integrity of the BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric D Schafler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie E Ruff
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maud Voisin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Ha
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan K Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Fang Y, Su Y, Xu J, Hu Z, Zhao K, Liu C, Zhang H. Varicocele-Mediated Male Infertility: From the Perspective of Testicular Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729539. [PMID: 34531872 PMCID: PMC8438154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Varicocele (VC) is present in 35 - 40% of men with infertility. However, current surgical and antioxidant treatments are not completely effective. In addition to oxidative stress, it is likely that other factors such as testicular immune microenvironment disorder contribute to irreversible testicular. Evidence suggests that VC is associated with anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs), spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion abnormalities, and testicular cytokine production. Moreover, inhibition of inflammation can alleviate VC-mediated pathogenesis. The normal function of the testis depends on its immune tolerance mechanism. Testicular immune regulation is complex, and many infectious or non-infectious diseases may damage this precision system. Results The testicular immune microenvironment is composed of common immune cells and other cells involved in testicular immunity. The former includes testicular macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and mast cells, whereas the latter include Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (SCs). In animal models and in patients with VC, most studies have revealed an abnormal increase in the levels of ASAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the seminal plasma, testicular tissue, and even peripheral blood. It is also involved in the activation of potential inflammatory pathways, such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing (NLRP)-3 pathway. Finally, the development of VC-mediated infertility (VMI) may be facilitated by abnormal permeability of proteins, such as claudin-11, that constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Conclusions The testicular immune response, including the production of ASAs and inflammatory factors, activation of inflammatory pathways, and destruction of the BTB may be involved in the pathogenesis of VMI it is necessary to further explore how patient outcomes can be improved through immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li Y, Zhou T, Su YF, Hu ZY, Wei JJ, Wang W, Liu CY, Zhao K, Zhang HP. Prokineticin 2 overexpression induces spermatocyte apoptosis in varicocele in rats. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:500-506. [PMID: 31744994 PMCID: PMC7523614 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_109_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is one of the most important causes of male infertility, as this condition leads to a decline in sperm quality. It is generally believed that the presence of varicocele induces an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, leading to oxidative stress and sperm apoptosis; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms affecting spermatogenesis remain elusive. Prokineticin 2 (PK2), a secretory protein, is associated with multiple biological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the testis, PK2 is expressed in spermatocytes under normal physiological conditions. To investigate the role of PK2 in varicocele, a rat varicocele model was established to locate and quantify the expression of PK2 and its receptor, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1), by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCR). Moreover, H2O2 was applied to mimic the oxidative stress state of varicocele through coculturing with a spermatocyte-derived cell line (GC-2) in vitro, and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Here, we illustrated that the expression levels of PK2 and PKR1 were upregulated in the spermatocytes of the rat model. Administration of H2O2 stimulated the overexpression of PK2 in GC-2. Transfection of recombinant pCMV-HA-PK2 into GC-2 cells promoted apoptosis by upregulating cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-8, and B cell lymphoma 2-associated X; downregulating B cell lymphoma 2; and promoting the accumulation of intracellular calcium. Overall, we revealed that the varicocele-induced oxidative stress stimulated the overexpression of PK2, leading to apoptosis of spermatocytes. Our study provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress-associated male infertility and suggests a novel therapeutic target for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu-Fang Su
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia-Jing Wei
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Lycopene Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Testicular Injury by Inhibiting PROK2 Expression and Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in a Varicocele Adult Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3471356. [PMID: 34055003 PMCID: PMC8149244 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3471356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on hypoxia-induced testicular injury in rat model and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group): a normal group (NG, sham control), a varicocele group (VG), and a varicocele treated by lycopene group (VLG). Bilateral renal veins constriction was performed on rats in VG and VLG. Simultaneously, rats in VLG were treated to lycopene by intragastric administration. Four weeks later, sperm was collected for sperm analysis. Testes and epididymides were harvested for morphological change analysis, histologic analysis, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Results Our observations were that lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury in vivo. Prokineticin 2(PROK2) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) were overexpressed in VG (P < 0.01), and lycopene inhibited the PROK2 expression (P < 0.01). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sex hormones were increased by lycopene in VLG (P < 0.05). Lycopene restored the quality and activity of sperm by blocking PROK2 expression (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF was increased, as HIF-1/NF-κB pathway was upregulated in VLG (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, expression of pAKT/AKT in VLG was higher than that in VG (P < 0.05). In addition, lycopene reduced levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in VLG (P < 0.05), compared to NG. Conclusions Lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury by inhibiting the expression of PROK2 and decreasing levels of IL-1β and IL-2, which might show us a novel and promising treatment for varicocele testicular injury.
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16
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Hypertension and reproductive dysfunction: a possible role of inflammation and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in gonads. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3237-3257. [PMID: 33346358 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that leads to end organ damage especially affecting the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between hypertension and impaired sexual health, in both men and women. The detrimental effects of hypertension in men includes erectile dysfunction, decrease in semen volume, sperm count and motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Similarly, hypertensive females exhibit decreased vaginal lubrication, reduced orgasm, and several complications in pregnancy leading to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of hypertension on male and female fertility is attributed to hormonal imbalance and changes in the gonadal vasculature. However, mechanistic studies investigating the impact of hypertension on gonads in more detail on a molecular basis remain scarce. Hence, the aim of the current review is to address and summarize the effects of hypertension on reproductive health, and highlight the importance of research on the effects of hypertension on gonadal inflammation and lymphatics.
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Antonuccio P, Marini HR, Micali A, Romeo C, Granese R, Retto A, Martino A, Benvenga S, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Fusco R, Cervellione RM, Minutoli L. The Nutraceutical N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Reveals Widespread Molecular Effects Unmasking New Therapeutic Targets in Murine Varicocele. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030734. [PMID: 33668991 PMCID: PMC7996616 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is an age-related disease with no current medical treatments positively impacting infertility. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression is present in normal testis with an involvement in the immunological reactions. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), a nuclear receptor, in fertility is still unclear. N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an emerging nutraceutical compound present in plants and animal foods, is an endogenous PPAR-α agonist with well-demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesics characteristics. In this model of mice varicocele, PPAR-α and TLR4 receptors’ roles were investigated through the administration of ultra-micronized PEA (PEA-um). Male wild-type (WT), PPAR-α knockout (KO), and TLR4 KO mice were used. A group underwent sham operation and administration of vehicle or PEA-um (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 days. Another group (WT, PPAR-α KO, and TLR4 KO) underwent surgical varicocele and was treated with vehicle or PEA-um (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 days. At the end of treatments, all animals were euthanized. Both operated and contralateral testes were processed for histological and morphometric assessment, for PPAR-α, TLR4, occludin, and claudin-11 immunohistochemistry and for PPAR-α, TLR4, transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3), phospho-extracellular signal-Regulated-Kinase (p-ERK) 1/2, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) Western blot analysis. Collectively, our data showed that administration of PEA-um revealed a key role of PPAR-α and TLR4 in varicocele pathophysiology, unmasking new nutraceutical therapeutic targets for future varicocele research and supporting surgical management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (C.R.); (R.G.); (A.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Herbert Ryan Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (C.R.); (R.G.); (A.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (C.R.); (R.G.); (A.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Annalisa Retto
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (C.R.); (R.G.); (A.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Martino
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (C.R.); (R.G.); (A.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (D.I.); (R.F.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (D.I.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (D.I.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-2213655; Fax: +39-090-2213300
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (D.I.); (R.F.)
| | | | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
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The role of different compounds on the integrity of blood-testis barrier: A concise review based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Gene 2021; 780:145531. [PMID: 33631249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells are "nurturing cells'' in the seminiferous tubules of the testis which have essential roles in the development, proliferation and differentiation of germ cells. These cells also divide the seminiferous epithelium into a basal and an adluminal compartment and establish the blood-testis barrier (BTB). BTB shields haploid germ cells from recognition by the innate immune system. Moreover, after translocation of germ cells into the adluminal compartment their nutritional source is separated from the circulatory system being only supplied by the Sertoli cells. The integrity of BTB is influenced by several organic/ organometallic, hormonal and inflammatory substances. Moreover, several environmental contaminants such as BPA have hazardous effects on the integrity of BTB. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies that assessed the impact of these agents on the integrity of BTB. These studies have implications in understanding the molecular mechanism of male infertility and also in the male contraception.
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Ma Y, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zou SS, Zhu YC, Ping P, Chen XF. Seminal exosomal miR-210-3p as a potential marker of Sertoli cell damage in Varicocele. Andrology 2021; 9:451-459. [PMID: 33000559 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocoele-associated stressors, such as hypoxia and heat, can damage cell function and viability, and some exosomal biomarkers released from impaired cells may reflect the cell status in testis. OBJECTIVES To find if seminal exosomal microRNAs can reflect the Sertoli cell function in varicocoele. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental left varicocoele rat model was established (n = 24), and patients with different grades of varicocoele (n = 104) were enrolled. Primary rat Sertoli cells were isolated with enzymatic hydrolysis. Exosomes were isolated from primary rat Sertoli cells, rat epididymis tissue, and human seminal plasma with polymer-based precipitation method. Exosomal microRNAs were quantified with qPCR. Inhibin-B was detected with enzyme immunoassay. The correlation analysis between microRNA and inhibin-B was evaluated with Spearman's correlation. RESULTS We screened 12 previously reported hypoxia-responsive microRNAs in the primary rat Sertoli cells and found that 4 exosomal microRNAs increased significantly in response to in vitro hypoxia treatment (P < .05). Of the 4 microRNAs, only miR-210-3p was upregulated in the rats with experimental varicocoele (P < .01). In the patients with varicocoele, we found that seminal exosomal miR-210-3p significantly increased in patients with grade II and III varicocoele (P < .01), and miR-210-3p negatively correlated with sperm count (P < .01) and seminal inhibin-B expression (r = -0.39, P < .01). For the 30 patients with microsurgical varicocelectomy, the operation notably decreased miR-210-3p (P < .01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Seminal exosomal miR-210-3p may be a novel, sensitive, and non-invasive biomarker of Sertoli cell damage in varicocoele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Central Lab, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yin-Ci Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
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Karna KK, Choi NY, Kim CY, Kim HK, Shin YS, Park JK. Gui-A-Gra Attenuates Testicular Dysfunction in Varicocele-Induced Rats via Oxidative Stress, ER Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239231. [PMID: 33287403 PMCID: PMC7730328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gui-A-Gra, a commercial insect powder from Gryllus bimaculatus, is registered as an edible insect by the Korean food and drug administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Gui-A-Gra on testicular damage induced by experimental left varicocele in male Sprague Dawley rats. A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into the following six groups (12 rats in each group): a normal control group (CTR), a group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 1.63 gm/kg (G1.63), a group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 6.5 gm/kg (G6.5), a varicocele (VC)-induced control group (VC), a VC-induced group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 1.63 gm/kg (VC + G1.63), and a VC-induced group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 6.5 gm/kg (VC + G6.5). Rats were administrated 1.63 or 6.5 gm/kg Gui-A-Gra once daily for 42 days. Indicators of sperm parameters, histopathology, reproductive hormones, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis were analyzed to evaluate effects of Gui-A-Gra on VC-induced testicular dysfunction. Gui-A-Gra administration to VC-induced rats significantly (p < 0.05) increased sperm count and sperm motility, Johnsen score, spermatogenic cell density, serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, GPx4, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) level. Moreover, pretreatment with Gui-A-Gra significantly (p < 0.05) decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells/tubules, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level, glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp-78), phosphorylated c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (p-IRE1α), cleaved caspase-3, and BCL2 associated X protein: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax: Bcl2) ratio in VC rats. These results suggest that protective effects of Gui-A-Gra on VC-induced testicular injury might be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and androgenic activities that might be mediated via crosstalk of oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, Korea;
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
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21
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Panach-Navarrete J, Morales-Giraldo A, Ferrandis-Cortés C, García-Morata F, Pastor-Lence JC, Martínez-Jabaloyas JM. Is there a relationship between varicocele and testosterone levels? Aging Male 2020; 23:592-598. [PMID: 31070084 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1550745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this work was to study the relationship between presence of varicocele and testosterone serum levels in adulthood. METHODS A comparative, cross-sectional study of 387 men who consulted for erectile dysfunction. Age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes (DM), and presence of varicocele were related to testosterone levels through uni- and multi-variate analysis. RESULTS A total of 248 cases (70.8%) had no varicocele, 46 (13.1%) had grade I varicocele, 36 (10.3%) grade II, and 20 (5.7%) grade III. The mean total testosterone levels were 4.77 ng/mL in the non-varicocele group and 4.34 ng/mL in the varicocele group (p = .91), while free testosterone levels were 69.81 and 73.24 pg/mL (p = .18), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, BMI> = 30 was related to low total testosterone levels (OR: 2.94, p < .001) and low free testosterone (OR: 2.01, p = .01), while advanced age associated with low levels of free testosterone (OR: 1.04, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS We were not able to establish a relationship between the presence of varicocele and decreased serum testosterone levels. Other factors already described, such as obesity and age, were related to low levels of total and free testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Panach-Navarrete
- Department of Urology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypogonadism is highly prevalent among not only patients with a history of prior treatment for cancer, but also among those patients with a new oncologic diagnosis who have not yet received any cancer therapy. Hypogonadism can cause a wide array of signs and symptoms including: deceased muscle mass; increased fat mass; decreased energy, mood, and overall sense of well being; diminished bone mineral density; infertility; and impaired libido and sexual function. This purpose of this manuscript is to review the mechanisms by which cancer and oncologic treatment regimens can adversely affect the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, resulting in hypogonadism. Risks and benefits associated with the treatment of testosterone deficiency are also discussed, which are important considerations for clinicians caring for affected patients. RECENT FINDINGS Hypogonadism has a high prevalence in the setting of cancer and is an important survivorship issue. Recent randomized controlled trials confirm testosterone's therapeutic benefits in terms of sexual function, mood body composition, and bone health, but the specific benefits in terms of quality of life are less clear. SUMMARY More prospective studies are needed to further delineate the risks, benefits, and overall outcomes of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with cancer and cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A Faw
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Ok F, Erdogan O, Durmus E. Can preoperative gonadotropin and testosterone levels predict the success of varicocelectomy? Andrologia 2020; 52:e13887. [PMID: 33125763 DOI: 10.1111/and.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of preoperative hormonal values on varicocelectomy success. A total of 136 patients who underwent varicocelectomy for infertility in our clinic were analysed retrospectively. Improvement in semen quality was defined as >50% increase in post-operative total motile sperm count (TMSC) in those with preoperative TMSC >5 million and at least 100% increase in those with <5 million. The patients were divided into two groups as benefiting from the treatment (Group A) and no benefits (Group B). The best cut-off value for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinising hormone/testosterone ratio (LTR) that can predict varicocelectomy success were 7.01 and 0.016 with an area under the curve of 0.844 and 0.856 respectively. The highest sensitivities and specificities of FSH and LTR were 0.845 and 0.788 and 0.821 and 0.846 respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed FSH (odds ratio [OR]: 3.7; p < .001) and LTR (OR: 5.2; p < .001) as independent predictive factors in predicting varicocelectomy success. Our study demonstrated that low FSH (7.01 IU/L) and LTR (<.016) can be a useful preoperative predictive tool to help identify men who benefit most from varicocelectomy in infertile patients with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fesih Ok
- Urology Department, Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Omer Erdogan
- Urology Department, Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Emrullah Durmus
- Urology Department, Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
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24
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Kato T, Mizuno K, Nishio H, Moritoki Y, Kamisawa H, Kurokawa S, Nakane A, Maruyama T, Ando R, Hayashi Y, Yasui T. Disorganization of claudin-11 and dysfunction of the blood-testis barrier during puberty in a cryptorchid rat model. Andrology 2020; 8:1398-1408. [PMID: 32196966 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism is known to impair spermatogenesis. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) becomes defined in seminiferous tubules around puberty and provides a suitable environment for germ cells. Little is known about the BTB in undescended testes (UDT). OBJECTIVES To determine the role of BTB during puberty in UDT using a non-surgical cryptorchid rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Unilateral cryptorchid male rats were intraperitoneally injected with non-steroidal antiandrogen during intrauterine development; the testes were harvested at 4, 5, and 6 weeks after birth. Testicular histology, expression levels of the BTB proteins (claudin-11, occludin, zonula occludens-1), and apoptotic cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and TUNEL assay. The functionality of the BTB was investigated by electron microscopy using the lanthanum tracer method. RESULTS The testicular histology of undescended testes 6 weeks after birth showed maturation arrest at the spermatocyte level. The BTB protein distributions were altered in the UDT, with a noticeable difference in claudin-11(CLDN11) localization from 4 to 5 weeks after birth between control and UDT samples. BTB protein levels were similar. More apoptotic germ cells were detected in the adluminal compartment of tubules in the UDT than in the control testes. Electron microscopy showed that the lanthanum tracer was limited to the BTB of control testes, whereas it penetrated the BTB of UDT. DISCUSSION Here, loss of normal BTB function and impaired spermatogenesis were observed in UDT during puberty. CLDN11 is a pivotal tight junction protein belonging to the BTB. Tight junctions are considered as essential for normal spermatogenesis, and abnormal CLDN11 organization may cause UDT-associated male infertility. CONCLUSION CLDN11 disorganization within the BTB may cause spermatogenic impairment, possibly by limiting the BTB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kato
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nishio
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Moritoki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kamisawa
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurokawa
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakane
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Maruyama
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Lorian K, Kadkhodaee M, Kianian F, Abdi A, Ranjbaran M, Ashabi G, Seifi B. Long-term NaHS administration reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model of left-side varicocele. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13496. [PMID: 31793716 DOI: 10.1111/and.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to assay the testicular H2 S levels in the varicocele rat model and then to investigate the protective effects of NaHS on morphometric changes, sperm parameters, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in rat's testis. D,L-propargylglycine (PAG) was administrated to show the effects of cystathionine γ-lyase enzyme (CSE) inhibition in the varicocele. Rats were assigned to four groups: (a) Sham, (b) varicocele, (c) varicocele + PAG and (d) varicocele + NaHS. Animals in varicocele + NaHS group received 30 µmol/L NaHS in drinking water for 56 days. In the varicocele + PAG group, animals received PAG 19 mg/kg twice a week. Morphometric assessment, oxidative stress markers, testicular H2 S levels, sperm parameters, TUNEL assay and expression of Bax/Bcl2 were evaluated at the end of experiment. Testicular H2 S levels were significantly decreased in varicocele group. NaHS significantly improved sperm parameters, morphometric characteristics and oxidative stress compared to varicocele group. Oxidative stress status deteriorated in the PAG group compared to the varicocele group. This study showed that a low testicular H2 S level might play a critical role in male infertility. Thus, NaHS administration may be a promising treatment strategy for male infertility in varicocele. In addition, CSE may not be the only important enzyme in testicular H2 S production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Lorian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Abdi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Xu Y, Park SH, Yoon KN, Park SJ, Gye MC. Effects of citrate ester plasticizers and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the OECD 28-day repeated-dose toxicity test (OECD TG 407). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:675-683. [PMID: 30878739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Citrate esters are considered functional alternatives to phthalate plasticizers, but their toxicity remains poorly understood. The toxicity of citrate esters, including triethyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATEC) and trihexyl O-acetylcitrate (ATHC), were examined together with that of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 407 (OECD TG407). Following 28-day oral administration, no significant differences in body weight or the weight of the brain, pituitary, heart, epididymis, seminal vesicles, or coagulating gland were found between the vehicle control and DEHP, ATEC or ATHC groups. In the 400 mg/kg day DEHP group, liver, adrenal, thymus, spleen, kidney, testis, and prostate weights were significantly increased. In the 400 mg/kg day ATHC group, kidney, adrenal, thymus, testis and prostate weights were significantly increased. In the 400 mg/kg day ATEC group, kidney, adrenal and testis weights were significantly increased. Hepatocyte size was significantly increased in the 400 mg/kg day DEHP group, suggestive of hepatotoxicity, but was not increased in the ATEC or ATHC groups. There were no significant differences in white blood cell, red blood cell or platelet counts, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, fasting glucose, insulin, or testosterone concentrations between the vehicle control and DEHP, ATEC and ATHC groups. In the ATHC 400 mg/kg day group, T3 was decreased while T4 was increased, suggestive of disruption of thyroid function. The results of the OECD TG407 subacute repeated dosing toxicity test indicate ATEC is less toxic compared to ATHC or DEHP and could be recommended as an alternative to phthalate plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Noh Yoon
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Pan J, Zhu Z, Xu G, Niu L, Yu L, Luo Z, Yan J. Expression of claudin‑11 in a rat model of varicocele and its effects on the blood‑testis barrier. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5647-5651. [PMID: 30365105 PMCID: PMC6236223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele (VC) is an abnormal tortuosity and venous distension of the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord. VC is the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of VC on the tight junctions and the blood‑testis barrier (BTB) of Sertoli cells in the bilateral testes of rats. A model of VC was established by left renal vein narrowing in Sprague‑Dawley rats; control rats underwent dissection of the vein without narrowing. The bilateral testes were harvested at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the operation. The relative expression of claudin‑11 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β in the testis was determined by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression level of claudin‑11 was prominently downregulated in the VC model group compared with the control group, while the level of TGF‑β in the testes was higher in the VC group. IHC examination demonstrated that VC led to destruction of the integrity of the BTB, and the degree of destruction increased with time. Furthermore, it was also observed that unilateral VC affected contralateral testicular function. In conclusion, the present study partially explained the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of VC and provided grounds for further research into the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Pan
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Niu
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Lihang Yu
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengang Luo
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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28
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Hassanin AM, Ahmed HH, Kaddah AN. A global view of the pathophysiology of varicocele. Andrology 2018; 6:654-661. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hassanin
- Department of Andrology and Sexology; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - H. H. Ahmed
- Department of Andrology and Sexology; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - A. N. Kaddah
- Department of Andrology and Sexology; Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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29
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Spermatozoal Fractalkine Signaling Pathway Is Upregulated in Subclinical Varicocele Patients with Normal Seminogram and Low-Level Leucospermia. Adv Urol 2017. [PMID: 29527225 PMCID: PMC5816887 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5674237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractalkine is produced in seminal plasma in small amounts and correlates with sperm motility. Purpose To investigate the possible effect of low-level leucospermia on spermatozoa oxidative stress and sDNA fragmentation in patients with subclinical varicocele and apparently normal seminogram, and also to study the role of spermatozoal fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) gene expression as a marker of spermatozoa inflammatory response. Methods This study included 80 patients with subclinical varicocele (45 fertile and 35 infertile) and 45 age-matched fertile volunteers. In semen samples, fractalkine and CX3CR1 gene expression were investigated by qRT-PCR. Moreover, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Results There are significant decrease in semen quality and significant increase in seminal leucocytes count in subclinical varicocele. Our results show a significant increase in MDA and TAC levels, DNA fragmentation, and expression levels of fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) in subclinical varicocele groups. Conclusion Subclinical varicocele induces seminal and spermatozoal subclinical inflammatory response in the form of low-level leucospermia and increased mRNA expression of the fractalkine signaling pathway, leading to increased spermatozoal ROS production, oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation. These could cooperate in the pathogenesis of delayed fertility in males with subclinical varicocele.
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30
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Chrysin Administration Protects against Oxidative Damage in Varicocele-Induced Adult Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2172981. [PMID: 29410731 PMCID: PMC5749274 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known as the leading factor responsible for varicocele-related infertility and for that reason, many antioxidant therapies have been proposed. Considering that, we evaluated the reproductive outcomes and fertility of varicocelized rats and the impact of chrysin within these parameters. The animals were allocated into three groups: sham (control), varicocele treated via gavage with 50 mg/kg/day of chrysin (V1), or vehicle (V2) for 56 days. Chrysin treatment prevented oxidative damage resulting from varicocele by decreasing testicular concentrations of malondialdehyde and sperm DNA fragmentation. It also improved histological aspect of the testis and maintained morphometric parameters similar to the sham group. Furthermore, there were no differences in body and reproductive organ weights, histopathological analysis of epididymis, sperm counts and morphology, testosterone levels, sexual behavior, and fertility parameters among experimental groups. Our results reinforce the idea that injuries provoked by experimental varicocele are related, at least in part, to oxidative stress. Moreover, varicocele showed bilateral deleterious effects without interfering with fertility. Chrysin administration significantly ameliorated sperm parameters, protecting the reproductive system against varicocele damages. For that reason, chrysin might be an alternative adjuvant therapy to improve sperm quality in men presenting this condition.
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