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Chen KW, Chen TY, Wang ST, Hou TY, Wang SW, Young KC. Establishment of quantitative and recovery method for detection of dengue virus in wastewater with noncognate spike control. J Virol Methods 2023; 314:114687. [PMID: 36736703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) represents an efficient approach for public pathogen surveillance as it provides early warning of disease outbreaks; however, it has not yet been applied to dengue virus (DENV), which might cause endemics via mosquito spread. In this study, a working platform was established to provide direct virus recovery and qPCR quantification from wastewater samples that were artificially loaded with target DENV serotypes I to IV and noncognate spike control viral particles. The results showed qPCR efficiencies of 91.2 %, 94.8 %, 92.6 % and 88.7 % for DENV I, II, III, and IV, respectively, and a broad working range over 6 orders of magnitude using the preferred primer sets. Next, the results revealed that the ultrafiltration method was superior to the skimmed milk flocculation method for recovering either DENV or control viral particles from wastewater. Finally, DENV-2 was loaded simultaneously with the noncognate spike control and could be recovered at comparable levels either in PBS or in wastewater, indicating the applicability of noncognate spike control particles to reflect the efficiency of experimental steps. In conclusion, our data suggest that DENV particles in wastewater could be recovered and quantitatively detected in absolute amounts, indicating the feasibility of DENV surveillance using the WBE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Hou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shainn-Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Mohd Abd Razak MR, Norahmad NA, Md Jelas NH, Afzan A, Mohmad Misnan N, Mat Ripen A, Thayan R, Zainol M, Syed Mohamed AF. Immunomodulatory Activities of Carica papaya L. Leaf Juice in a Non-Lethal, Symptomatic Dengue Mouse Model. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050501. [PMID: 33919457 PMCID: PMC8170887 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Carica papaya L. leaf juice in immune dysregulation caused by dengue virus infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of the freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) on AG129 mice infected with a clinical DENV-2 (DMOF015) isolate. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of FCPLJ, for three days. Platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were microscopically determined. The level of plasma proinflammatory cytokines was measured by multiplex immunoassay. The levels of intracellular cytokines and viral RNA were determined by RT-qPCR technique. The results showed that the FCPLJ treatment increased the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the infected mice. The FCPLJ treatment decreased the level of GM-CSF, GRO-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta in the plasma of the infected mice. The intracellular IL-6 and viral RNA levels in the liver of infected mice were decreased by the FCPLJ treatment. In conclusion, this study supports the potential immunomodulatory role of the FCPLJ in a non-lethal, symptomatic dengue mouse model. Further studies on the action mechanism of the C. papaya leaf juice and its possible use as adjunctive dengue immunotherapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nor Azrina Norahmad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Nur Hana Md Jelas
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Adiratna Mat Ripen
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Murizal Zainol
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
| | - Ami Fazlin Syed Mohamed
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.A.N.); (N.H.M.J.); (A.A.); (N.M.M.); (M.Z.); (A.F.S.M.)
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Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohmad Misnan N, Md Jelas NH, Norahmad NA, Muhammad A, Ho TCD, Jusoh B, Sastu UR, Zainol M, Wasiman MI, Muhammad H, Thayan R, Syed Mohamed AF. The effect of freeze-dried Carica papaya leaf juice treatment on NS1 and viremia levels in dengue fever mice model. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:320. [PMID: 30518360 PMCID: PMC6282281 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Carica papaya leaf juice (CPLJ) was well known for its thrombocytosis activity in rodents and dengue patients. However, the effect of CPLJ treatment on other parameters that could contribute to dengue pathogenesis such as nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) production and viremia level have never been highlighted in any clinical and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of freeze-dried CPLJ treatment on NS1 and viremia levels of dengue fever mouse model. Methods The dengue infection in mouse model was established by inoculation of non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus (DEN-2) in AG129 mice. The freeze-dried CPLJ compounds were identified by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry analysis. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ, starting on day 1 post infection for 3 consecutive days. The blood samples were collected from submandibular vein for plasma NS1 assay and quantitation of viral RNA level by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results The AG129 mice infected with dengue virus showed marked increase in the production of plasma NS1, which was detectable on day 1 post infection, peaked on day 3 post-infection and started to decline from day 5 post infection. The infection also caused splenomegaly. Twenty-four compounds were identified in the freeze-dried CPLJ. Oral treatment with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ did not affect the plasma NS1 and dengue viral RNA levels. However, the morbidity level of infected AG129 mice were slightly decreased when treated with freeze-dried CPLJ. Conclusion Oral treatment of 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of freeze-dried CPLJ at the onset of viremia did not affect the plasma NS1 and viral RNA levels in AG129 mice infected with non-mouse adapted New Guinea C strain dengue virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2390-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ribeiro MR, Moreli JB, Marques RE, Papa MP, Meuren LM, Rahal P, de Arruda LB, Oliani AH, Oliani DCMV, Oliani SM, Narayanan A, Nogueira ML. Zika-virus-infected human full-term placental explants display pro-inflammatory responses and undergo apoptosis. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2687-2699. [PMID: 29876782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that has been highly correlated with the development of neurological disorders and other malformations in newborns and stillborn fetuses after congenital infection. This association is supported by the presence of ZIKV in the fetal brain and amniotic fluid, and findings suggest that infection of the placental barrier is a critical step for fetal ZIKV infection in utero. Therefore, relevant models to investigate the interaction between ZIKV and placental tissues are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of Zika syndrome. In this report, we demonstrate that explant tissue from full-term human placentas sustains a productive ZIKV infection, though the results depend on the strain. Viral infection was found to be associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis of the infected tissue, and these findings confirm that placental explants are targets of ZIKV replication. We propose that human placental explants are useful as a model for studying ZIKV infection ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Helio Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Cristina Mós Vaz Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Viral immunogenicity determines epidemiological fitness in a cohort of DENV-1 infection in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006525. [PMID: 29813061 PMCID: PMC5993327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of dengue virus (DENV) circulation depends on serotype, genotype and lineage replacement and turnover. In São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, we observed that the L6 lineage of DENV-1 (genotype V) remained the dominant circulating lineage even after the introduction of the L1 lineage. We investigated viral fitness and immunogenicity of the L1 and L6 lineages and which factors interfered with the dynamics of DENV epidemics. The results showed a more efficient replicative fitness of L1 over L6 in mosquitoes and in human and non-human primate cell lines. Infections by the L6 lineage were associated with reduced antigenicity, weak B and T cell stimulation and weak host immune system interactions, which were associated with higher viremia. Our data, therefore, demonstrate that reduced viral immunogenicity and consequent greater viremia determined the increased epidemiological fitness of DENV-1 L6 lineage in São José do Rio Preto.
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Terzian ACB, Schanoski AS, Mota MTDO, da Silva RA, Estofolete CF, Colombo TE, Rahal P, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N, Kalil J, Nogueira ML. Viral Load and Cytokine Response Profile Does Not Support Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Dengue-Primed Zika Virus-Infected Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:1260-1265. [PMID: 29017246 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of severe dengue disease involves immune components as biomarkers. The mechanism by which some dengue virus (DENV)-infected individuals progress to severe disease is poorly understood. Most studies on the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease focus on the process of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) as a primary risk factor. With the circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in DENV-endemic areas, many people infected by ZIKV were likely exposed to DENV. The influence of such exposure on Zika disease outcomes remains unknown. Methods We investigated whether patients previously exposed to DENV exhibited higher viremia when exposed to a subsequent, heterologous dengue or Zika infection than those patients not previously exposed to dengue. We measured viral loads and cytokine profile during patients' acute infections. Results Neither dengue nor Zika viremia was higher in patients with prior DENV infection, although the power to detect such a difference was only adequate in the ZIKV analysis. Of the 10 cytokines measured, only 1 significant difference was detected: Levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were lower in dengue-infected patients who had experienced a previous dengue infection than patients infected with dengue for the first time. However, power to detect differences between groups was low. In Zika-infected patients, levels of IL-1β showed a significant, positive correlation with viral load. Conclusions No signs of ADE were observed in vivo in patients with acute ZIKV infection who had prior exposure to DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters, and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Kalil
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
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Okino CH, Montassier MDFS, Oliveira APD, Montassier HJ. Rapid detection and differentiation of avian infectious bronchitis virus: an application of Mass genotype by melting temperature analysis in RT-qPCR using SYBR Green I. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:725-730. [PMID: 29491226 PMCID: PMC5938207 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A method based on Melting Temperature analysis of Hypervariable regions (HVR) of S1 gene
within a RT-qPCR was developed to detect different genotypes of avian infectious
bronchitis virus (IBV) and identify the Mass genotype. The method was able to rapidly
identify the Mass genotype among IBV field isolates, vaccine attenuated strains and
reference M41 strain in allantoic liquid and also directly in tissues. The RT-qPCR
developed detected the virus in both tracheal and pulmonary samples from M41-infected or
H120-infected birds, in a larger post-infection period compared to detection by standard
method of virus isolation. RT-qPCR method tested provided a sensitivity and rapid approach
for screening on IBV detection and Mass genotyping from IBV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.,Current affiliation: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 234 s/n, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Silva Montassier
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Peres de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Helio José Montassier
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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Liao R, Yang P, Wu W, Luo D, Yang D. A DNA Tracer System for Hydrological Environment Investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1695-1703. [PMID: 29361228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To monitor and manage hydrological pollution effectively, tracing sources of pollutants is of great importance and also is in urgent need. A variety of tracers have been developed such as isotopes, silica, bromide, and dyes; however, practical limitations of these traditional tracers still exist such as lack of multiplexed, multipoint tracing and interference of background noise. To overcome these limitations, a new tracing system based on DNA nanomaterials, namely DNA tracer, has already been developed. DNA tracers possess remarkable advantages including sufficient species, specificity, environmental friendly, stable migration, and high sensitivity as well as allowing for multipoints tracing. In this review article, we introduce the molecular design, synthesis, protection and signal readout strategies of DNA tracers, compare the advantages and disadvantages of DNA tracer with traditional tracers, and summarize the-state-of-art applications in hydrological environment investigations. In the end, we provide our perspective on the future development of DNA tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Peiling Yang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Tsai HP, Tsai YY, Lin IT, Kuo PH, Chang KC, Chen JC, Ko WC, Wang JR. Validation and Application of a Commercial Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay in Investigation of a Large Dengue Virus Outbreak in Southern Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005036. [PMID: 27732593 PMCID: PMC5061319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate, rapid, and early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infections is essential for optimal clinical care. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-LightMix dengue virus EC kit for DENV detection using samples from a dengue outbreak in Taiwan in 2015. Methods Sera from patients with suspected DENV infection were analyzed and compared using the LightMix kit, a Dengue NS1 Ag + Ab Combo kit for detection of NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies, and an “in-house” qualitative DENV-specific RT-PCR assay. Results A total of 8,989, 8,954, and 1581 samples were subjected to NS1 antigen detection, IgM and IgG detection, and LightMix assays, respectively. The LightMix assay yielded a linear curve for viral loads (VL) between 102 and 106 copies/reaction, and the minimum detection limits for DENV serotype 1 (DENV1) and DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 were 1, 10, and 100 focus forming units (FFU)/mL, respectively. There was 88.9% concordance between the results obtained using the NS1 antigen combo kit and by LightMix analysis, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were 89.4 and 100%, and 84.7 and 100%, respectively. Notably, fatal cases were attributed to DENV2 infection, and 79.5% (27/34) of these cases occurred in patients ≥ 71 years of age. Among these older patients, 82.3% (14/17) were NS1/IgM/IgG (+/-/-), exhibiting VLs between 106–109 copies/mL, which was markedly higher than the rate observed in the other age groups. Conclusions The LightMix assay was effective for early diagnosis of DENV infection. Our data indicate that high VLs during primary infection in elderly patients may be a positive predictor for severe illness, and may contribute to high mortality rates. The LightMix dengue virus EC qRT-PCR assay is effective for early diagnosis of DENV infection. High viral loads during primary infection in elderly patients may comprise a positive predictor for severe illness, and may contribute to high mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hwa Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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10
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Grande AJ, Reid H, Thomas E, Foster C, Darton TC. Tourniquet Test for Dengue Diagnosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004888. [PMID: 27486661 PMCID: PMC4972435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a ubiquitous arboviral infection in tropical and sub-tropical regions, whose incidence has increased over recent decades. In the absence of a rapid point of care test, the clinical diagnosis of dengue is complex. The World Health Organisation has outlined diagnostic criteria for making the diagnosis of dengue infection, which includes the use of the tourniquet test (TT). PURPOSE To assess the quality of the evidence supporting the use of the TT and perform a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis comparing the TT to antibody response measured by ELISA. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following databases to April, 2016: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS. STUDY SELECTION Studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the tourniquet test with ELISA for the diagnosis of dengue were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent authors extracted data using a standardized form. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 16 studies with 28,739 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity for dengue diagnosis by TT was 58% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 43%-71%) and the specificity was 71% (95% CI, 60%-80%). In the subgroup analysis sensitivity for non-severe dengue diagnosis was 55% (95% CI, 52%-59%) and the specificity was 63% (95% CI, 60%-66%), whilst sensitivity for dengue hemorrhagic fever diagnosis was 62% (95% CI, 53%-71%) and the specificity was 60% (95% CI, 48%-70%). Receiver-operator characteristics demonstrated a test accuracy (AUC) of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74). CONCLUSION The tourniquet test is widely used in resource poor settings despite currently available evidence demonstrating only a marginal benefit in making a diagnosis of dengue infection alone. REGISTRATION The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO CRD42015020323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Reid
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Foster
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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11
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Peña-García VH, Triana-Chávez O, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Díaz FJ, Gómez-Palacio A, Arboleda-Sánchez S. Infection Rates by Dengue Virus in Mosquitoes and the Influence of Temperature May Be Related to Different Endemicity Patterns in Three Colombian Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070734. [PMID: 27455289 PMCID: PMC4962275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colombia is an endemic country for dengue fever where the four serotypes of virus dengue (DENV1–4) circulate simultaneously, and all types are responsible for dengue cases in the country. The control strategies are guided by entomological surveillance. However, heterogeneity in aedic indices is not well correlated with the incidence of the disease in cities such as Riohacha, Bello and Villavicencio. As an alternative, molecular detection of dengue virus in mosquitoes has been proposed as a useful tool for epidemiological surveillance and identification of serotypes circulating in field. We conducted a spatiotemporal fieldwork in these cities to capture adult mosquitoes to assess vector infection and explain the differences between Breteau indices and disease incidence. DENV infection in females and DENV serotype identification were evaluated and infection rates (IR) were estimated. The relationship between density, dengue cases and vector index was also estimated with logistic regression modeling and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The lack of association between aedic indices and dengue incidence is in agreement with the weak associations between the density of the mosquitoes and their infection with DENV in the three cities. However, association was evident between the IR and dengue cases in Villavicencio. Furthermore, we found important negative associations between temperature and lag time from two to six weeks in Riohacha. We conclude that density of mosquitoes is not a good predictor of dengue cases. Instead, IR and temperature might explain better such heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Peña-García
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 620, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 620, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 620, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Francisco J Díaz
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, SIU, Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 532, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Gómez-Palacio
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 620, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Sair Arboleda-Sánchez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 # 52-59 Laboratory 620, P.O. Box: 1226, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Chen H, Parimelalagan M, Lai YL, Lee KS, Koay ESC, Hapuarachchi HC, Ng LC, Ho PS, Chu JJH. Development and Evaluation of a SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Serotyping of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses. J Mol Diagn 2016; 17:722-8. [PMID: 26455921 PMCID: PMC7106138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) have emerged as the two most important arbovirus diseases of global health significance. Similar clinical manifestations, transmission vectors, geographical distribution, and seasonal correlation often result in misdiagnosis of chikungunya infections as dengue cases and vice versa. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate laboratory confirmative method to simultaneously detect, quantify, and differentiate DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 and CHIKV. This SYBR Green I–based one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay is highly sensitive and specific for CHIKV and DENV. Melting temperature analysis of PCR amplicons was used to serotype DENV and to differentiate from CHIKV. The detection limit of the assay was 20, 10, 50, 5, and 10 RNA copies/reaction for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and CHIKV, respectively. Our assay did not cross-react with a panel of viruses that included other flaviviruses, alphaviruses, influenza viruses, human enteroviruses, and human coronaviruses. The feasibility of using this assay for clinical diagnosis was evaluated in DENV- and CHIKV-positive patient sera. Accordingly, the assay sensitivity for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and CHIKV was 89.66%, 96.67%, 96.67%, 94.12%, and 95.74%, respectively, with 100% specificity. These findings confirmed the potential of our assay to be used as a rapid test for simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV and CHIKV in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yee Ling Lai
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Kim Sung Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Phui San Ho
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore.
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Tong Y, Lee BE, Pang XL. Rapid genotyping of human rotavirus using SYBR green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with melting curve analysis. World J Virol 2015; 4:365-371. [PMID: 26568918 PMCID: PMC4641228 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to genotype rotavirus (G and P) in Alberta from January 2012 to June 2013.
METHODS: We developed and validated a different approach to perform rotavirus G and P genotyping using a two-step SYBR green RT-PCR (rt-gPCR) by selecting genotype-specific primers of published conventional RT nested PCR (cnRT-PCR) assay and optimizing the amplification conditions. cDNA was first synthesized from total RNA with SuperScript™ II reverse transcriptase kit followed by amplication step using monoplex SYBR green real-time PCR. After the PCR reaction, melting curve analysis was used to determine specific genotype. Sixteen samples previously genotyped using cnRT-PCR were tested using the new assay and the genotyping results were compared as sensitivity analysis. Assay specificity was evaluated by testing other gastroenteritis viruses with the new assay. The amplicon size of each available genotype was determined by gel-electrophoresis and DNA sequences were obtained using Sanger-sequencing method. After validation and optimization, the new assay was used to genotype 122 pediatric clinical stool samples previously tested positive for rotavirus using electron microscopy between January 2012 and June 2013.
RESULTS: The new rt-gPCR assay was validated and optimized. The assay detected G1 to G4, G9, G12 and P[4] and P[8] that were available as positive controls in our laboratory. A single and clear peak of melting curve was generated for each of specific G and P genotypes with a Tm ranging from 80 °C to 82 °C. The sensitivity of rt-gPCR was comparable to cnRT-PCR with 100% correlation of the 16 samples with known G and P genotypes. No cross reaction was found with other gastroenteritis viruses. Using the new rt-gPCR assay, genotypes were obtained for 121 of the 122 pediatric clinical samples tested positive for rotavirus: G1P[8] (42.6%), G2P[4] (4.9%), G3P[8] (10.7%), G9P[8] (10.7%), G9P[4] (6.6%), G12P[8] (23.0%), and unknown GP[8] (0.8%). For the first time, G12 rotavirus strains were found in Alberta and G12 was the second most common genotype during the study period. Gel electrophoresis of all the genotypes showed expected amplicon size for each genotype. The sequence data of the two G12 samples along with other genotypes were blasted in NCBI BLAST or analyzed with Rota C Genotyping tool (http://rotac.regatools.be/). All genotyping results were confirmed to be correct.
CONCLUSION: rt-gPCR is a useful tool for the genotyping and characterization of rotavirus. Monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is important for the identification of emerging strains and ongoing evaluation of rotavirus vaccination programs.
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A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic System for Detecting Dengue Viruses Using the Interaction between a Sulfated Sugar Chain and a Virion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123981. [PMID: 26010246 PMCID: PMC4444282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel method of detecting trace amounts of dengue virus (DENVs) from serum. Our method is based on the interaction between a sulfated sugar chain and a DENV surface glycoprotein. After capturing DENV with the sulfated sugar chain-immobilized gold nanoparticles (SGNPs), the resulting complex is precipitated and viral RNA content is measured using the reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction SYBR Green I (RT-qPCR-Syb) method. Sugar chains that bind to DENVs were identified using the array-type sugar chain immobilized chip (Sugar Chip) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. Heparin and low-molecular-weight dextran sulfate were identified as binding partners, and immobilized on gold nanoparticles to prepare 3 types of SGNPs. The capacity of these SGNPs to capture and concentrate trace amounts of DENVs was evaluated in vitro. The SGNP with greatest sensitivity was tested using clinical samples in Indonesia in 2013-2014. As a result, the novel method was able to detect low concentrations of DENVs using only 6 μL of serum, with similar sensitivity to that of a Qiagen RNA extraction kit using 140 μL of serum. In addition, this method allows for multiplex-like identification of serotypes of DENVs. This feature is important for good healthcare management of DENV infection in order to safely diagnose the dangerous, highly contagious disease quickly, with high sensitivity.
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Najioullah F, Viron F, Césaire R. Evaluation of four commercial real-time RT-PCR kits for the detection of dengue viruses in clinical samples. Virol J 2014; 11:164. [PMID: 25219286 PMCID: PMC4177702 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is the most frequent arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide. Because dengue manifestations are similar to those of many other febrile syndromes, the availability of dengue-specific laboratory tests is useful for the differential diagnosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection is important for appropriate management of complications, pathophysiological studies, epidemiological investigations and optimization of vector-control measures. Several “in-house” reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have been developed to detect, type and/or quantify DENV. Standardized dengue RT-PCR kits with internal controls have been recently introduced, but need clinical evaluation. We assessed the performances of 4 commercial DENV real-time RT-PCR kits. Findings The 4 kits were evaluated using a panel of 162 samples positive with an existing in-place hemi-nested RT-PCR used for routine DENV-infection diagnosis in patients with acute-febrile disease. The panel included 46 DENV-1, 37 DENV-2, 33 DENV-3, and 46 DENV-4. Also, 70 negative serum specimens were used to determine specificity. Geno-Sen’s Dengue 1–4 Real-Time RT-PCR kit was the only assay to provide quantification using standards, but lacked sensitivity for DENV-4 detection. The SimplexaTM Dengue RT-PCR assay, with 151 (93.2% [95% confidence interval, 89.3–97.1]) positive samples, had significantly higher sensitivity than the other 3 kits; in a complementary evaluation of 111 consecutive patients’ samples, its performance and genotyping agreed with the hemi-nested gold-standard assay. Conclusions The SimplexaTM Dengue RT-PCR’s good performance to detect and genotype DENV1–4 requires further evaluation in multicenter and prospective studies, particularly in settings of clinical diagnosis during dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Najioullah
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort-de-France, and EA 4537, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Martinique, France.
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16
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Comparison of the FDA-approved CDC DENV-1-4 real-time reverse transcription-PCR with a laboratory-developed assay for dengue virus detection and serotyping. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3418-20. [PMID: 23903549 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01359-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the agent of the most common vector-borne disease worldwide. Using 199 clinical samples collected from Nicaragua and Sri Lanka, a laboratory-developed DENV multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) proved more clinically sensitive than the FDA-approved CDC assay for DENV serotypes 1 to 4 when measured against a composite reference standard, with sensitivities of 97.4% versus 87.1%, respectively.
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Development of an internally controlled real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for pan-dengue virus detection and comparison of four molecular dengue virus detection assays. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2172-81. [PMID: 23637298 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00548-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of diagnostic tests are available for dengue virus (DENV) detection, including a variety of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, reports describing a direct comparison of different NAATs have been limited. In this study, we report the design of an internally controlled real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) that detects all four DENV serotypes but does not distinguish between them (the pan-DENV assay). Two hundred clinical samples were then tested using four different DENV RT-PCR assays: the pan-DENV assay, a commercially produced, internally controlled DENV rRT-PCR (the Altona assay), a widely used heminested RT-PCR, and a serotype-specific multiplex rRT-PCR assay. The pan-DENV assay had a linear range extending from 1.0 to 7.0 log10 cDNA equivalents/μl and a lower limit of 95% detection ranging from 1.7 to 7.6 cDNA equivalents/μl, depending on the serotype. When measured against a composite reference standard, the pan-DENV assay proved to be more clinically sensitive than either the Altona or heminested assays, with a sensitivity of 98.0% compared to 72.3% and 78.8%, respectively (P ≤ 0.0001 for both comparisons). The pan-DENV assay detected DENV in significantly more samples collected on or after day 5 of illness and in a subgroup of patients with detectable anti-DENV IgM at presentation. No significant difference in sensitivity was observed between the pan-DENV assay and the multiplex rRT-PCR, despite the presence of an internal control in the former. The detection of DENV RNA late in the course of clinical illness should serve to lengthen the period during which a confirmed molecular diagnosis of DENV infection can be provided.
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18
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Sekaran SD, Artsob H. Molecular diagnostics for the detection of human flavivirus infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:521-30. [PMID: 23496358 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses constitute a genus of viruses that are important etiologic agents of human disease, causing clinical disease ranging from fever to severe manifestations, such as encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Serology is presently the most frequently used means of diagnosing flavivirus infections. However, other diagnostic tests may be employed, such as molecular detection, virus isolation and antigen-capture procedures. The applicability of the latter three diagnostic procedures can be expected to vary depending upon the infecting flavivirus, as some flaviviruses, such as dengue, display high and long-term viremias, whereas other flaviviruses produce no, or barely detectable, viremias. Molecular diagnostic techniques have been successfully applied to the diagnosis of flavivirus infections and have the advantage of rapidity, sensitivity and specific identification of the infecting virus. However, it is important to ensure that the right detection tools are employed (for example, appropriate primers and probes to detect the specific virus) and that the laboratory maintains a high proficiency in their testing procedures. Some of the studies that have been employed in the diagnosis of flavivirus infections are reviewed in this article. It seems that there is the potential to develop testing algorithms that successfully employ molecular diagnostics alone or in conjunction with other laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Devi Sekaran
- University of Malaya, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Torres S, Hernández JC, Giraldo D, Arboleda M, Rojas M, Smit JM, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Differential expression of Toll-like receptors in dendritic cells of patients with dengue during early and late acute phases of the disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2060. [PMID: 23469297 PMCID: PMC3585035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is observed in individuals that have pre-existing heterotypic dengue antibodies and is associated with increased viral load and high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines early in infection. Interestingly, a recent study showed that dengue virus infection in the presence of antibodies resulted in poor stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), thereby facilitating virus particle production, and also suggesting that TLRs may contribute to disease pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated the expression levels of TLR2, 3, 4 and 9 and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 by flow cytometry. This was evaluated in monocytes, in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDCs and pDCs) from 30 dengue patients with different clinical outcomes and in 20 healthy controls. Increased expression of TLR3 and TLR9 in DCs of patients with dengue fever (DF) early in infection was detected. In DCs from patients with severe manifestations, poor stimulation of TLR3 and TLR9 was observed. In addition, we found a lower expression of TLR2 in patients with DF compared to DHF. Expression levels of TLR4 were not affected. Furthermore, the expression of CD80 and CD86 was altered in mDCs and CD86 in pDCs of severe dengue cases. We show that interferon alpha production decreased in the presence of dengue virus after stimulation of PBMCs with the TLR9 agonist (CpG A). This suggests that the virus can affect the interferon response through this signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results show that during dengue disease progression, the expression profile of TLRs changes depending on the severity of the disease. Changes in TLRs expression could play a central role in DC activation, thereby influencing the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torres
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Giraldo
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Margarita Arboleda
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Early diagnosis of dengue, the most common mosquito-borne disease globally, remains challenging. Dengue presents initially as undifferentiated fever, with symptoms becoming more pathognomonic in the later stages of illness. This limits the timeliness in the delivery of appropriate supportive interventions. Laboratory tests are useful for diagnosis although the short-lived viremia and the presence of secondary infection with one of the four heterologous viral serotypes collectively complicate the choice and interpretation of laboratory tests. In this article, the authors review the various approaches for diagnosis of dengue and discuss the appropriate tests to use, including when a dengue vaccine, which is in the late stages of development, is licensed for use. The ensuing reduced dengue prevalence could make diagnosis for vaccine efficacy and escape-mutant monitoring even more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fai Tang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore.
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Costin JM, Zaitseva E, Kahle KM, Nicholson CO, Rowe DK, Graham AS, Bazzone LE, Hogancamp G, Figueroa Sierra M, Fong RH, Yang ST, Lin L, Robinson JE, Doranz BJ, Chernomordik LV, Michael SF, Schieffelin JS, Isern S. Mechanistic study of broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus that target the fusion loop. J Virol 2013; 87:52-66. [PMID: 23077306 PMCID: PMC3536401 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02273-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no available vaccines for dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease. Mechanistic studies with anti-dengue virus (DENV) human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) provide a rational approach to identify and characterize neutralizing epitopes on DENV structural proteins that can serve to inform vaccine strategies. Here, we report a class of hMAbs that is likely to be an important determinant in the human humoral response to DENV infection. In this study, we identified and characterized three broadly neutralizing anti-DENV hMAbs: 4.8A, D11C, and 1.6D. These antibodies were isolated from three different convalescent patients with distinct histories of DENV infection yet demonstrated remarkable similarities. All three hMAbs recognized the E glycoprotein with high affinity, neutralized all four serotypes of DENV, and mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in Fc receptor-bearing cells at subneutralizing concentrations. The neutralization activities of these hMAbs correlated with a strong inhibition of virus-liposome and intracellular fusion, not virus-cell binding. We mapped epitopes of these antibodies to the highly conserved fusion loop region of E domain II. Mutations at fusion loop residues W101, L107, and/or G109 significantly reduced the binding of the hMAbs to E protein. The results show that hMAbs directed against the highly conserved E protein fusion loop block viral entry downstream of virus-cell binding by inhibiting E protein-mediated fusion. Characterization of hMAbs targeting this region may provide new insights into DENV vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Costin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Zaitseva
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cindo O. Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Dawne K. Rowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda S. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Bazzone
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Greg Hogancamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rachel H. Fong
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Yang
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Communicable Disease Center, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - James E. Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Leonid V. Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott F. Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
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22
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Lok SM, Costin JM, Hrobowski YM, Hoffmann AR, Rowe DK, Kukkaro P, Holdaway H, Chipman P, Fontaine KA, Holbrook MR, Garry RF, Kostyuchenko V, Wimley WC, Isern S, Rossmann MG, Michael SF. Release of dengue virus genome induced by a peptide inhibitor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50995. [PMID: 23226444 PMCID: PMC3511436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infects approximately 100 million people annually, but there is no available therapeutic treatment. The mimetic peptide, DN59, consists of residues corresponding to the membrane interacting, amphipathic stem region of the dengue virus envelope (E) glycoprotein. This peptide is inhibitory to all four serotypes of dengue virus, as well as other flaviviruses. Cryo-electron microscopy image reconstruction of dengue virus particles incubated with DN59 showed that the virus particles were largely empty, concurrent with the formation of holes at the five-fold vertices. The release of RNA from the viral particle following incubation with DN59 was confirmed by increased sensitivity of the RNA genome to exogenous RNase and separation of the genome from the E protein in a tartrate density gradient. DN59 interacted strongly with synthetic lipid vesicles and caused membrane disruptions, but was found to be non-toxic to mammalian and insect cells. Thus DN59 inhibits flavivirus infectivity by interacting directly with virus particles resulting in release of the genomic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shee-Mei Lok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua M. Costin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yancey M. Hrobowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawne K. Rowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Petra Kukkaro
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Holdaway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul Chipman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Krystal A. Fontaine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Victor Kostyuchenko
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William C. Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Rossmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Paudel D, Jarman R, Limkittikul K, Klungthong C, Chamnanchanunt S, Nisalak A, Gibbons R, Chokejindachai W. Comparison of real-time SYBR green dengue assay with real-time taqman RT-PCR dengue assay and the conventional nested PCR for diagnosis of primary and secondary dengue infection. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 3:478-85. [PMID: 22363089 PMCID: PMC3271430 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are caused by dengue virus. Dengue infection remains a burning problem of many countries. To diagnose acute dengue in the early phase we improve the low cost, rapid SYBR green real time assay and compared the sensitivity and specificity with real time Taqman(®) assay and conventional nested PCR assay. AIMS To develop low cost, rapid and reliable real time SYBR green diagnostic dengue assay and compare with Taqman real-time assay and conventional nested PCR (modified Lanciotti). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight cultured virus strains were diluted in tenth dilution down to undetectable level by the PCR to optimize the primer, temperature (annealing, and extension and to detect the limit of detection of the assay. Hundred and ninety three ELISA and PCR proved dengue clinical samples were tested with real time SYBR(®) Green assay, real time Taqman(®) assay to compare the sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of real time SYBR® green dengue assay (84% and 66%, respectively) was almost comparable to those (81% and 74%) of Taqman real time PCR dengue assay. Real time SYBR(®) green RT-PCR was equally sensitive in primary and secondary infection while real time Taqman was less sensitive in the secondary infection. Sensitivity of real time Taqman on DENV3 (87%) was equal to SYBR green real time PCR dengue assay. CONCLUSION We developed low cost rapid diagnostic SYBR green dengue assay. Further study is needed to make duplex primer assay for the serotyping of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Paudel
- Department of Internal Medicine Nepal Police Hospital, Maharagjung, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Rathakrishnan A, Sekaran SD. New development in the diagnosis of dengue infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:99-112. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.718759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Multiplex real-time RT-PCR for detecting chikungunya virus and dengue virus. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:342-6. [PMID: 22546647 PMCID: PMC7128799 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop diagnostic test for detection chikungunya virus (CHIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) infection. Methods We have performed a rapid, accurate laboratory confirmative method to simultaneously detect, quantify and differentiate CHIKV and DENV infection by single-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR. Results The assay's sensitivity was 97.65%, specificity was 92.59% and accuracy was 95.82% when compared to conventional RT-PCR. Additionally, there was no cross-reaction between CHIKV, DENV, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis A or hepatitis E virus. Conclusions This rapid and reliable assay provides a means for simultaneous early diagnosis of CHIKV and DENV in a single-step reaction.
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Dutra NR, de Paula MB, de Oliveira MD, de Oliveira LL, De Paula SO. The laboratorial diagnosis of dengue: applications and implications. J Glob Infect Dis 2011; 1:38-44. [PMID: 20300385 PMCID: PMC2840934 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.52980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of infection by the dengue virus relies, in most cases, on the clinical judgment of the patient, since only a few major centers have clinical laboratories that offer diagnostic tests to confirm the clinical impressions of an infection. At present, routine laboratory diagnosis is done by different kinds of testing. Among them are the methods of serological research, virus isolation, detection of viral antigens, and detection of viral genomes. The continued development of diagnostic tests, which are cheap, sensitive, specific, easy to perform, and capable of giving early diagnosis of the dengue virus infection is still a need. There are also other obstacles that are not specifically related to the technological development of diagnostic methods. For instance, infrastructure of the laboratories, the training of personnel, and the capacity of research of these laboratories are still limited in many parts of Brazil and the world, where dengue is endemic. Clinical laboratories, especially the ones that serve regions with a high incidence of dengue, should be aware of all the diagnostic methods available for routine these days, and choose the one that best suit their working conditions and populations served, in order to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rocha Dutra
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Nicholson CO, Costin JM, Rowe DK, Lin L, Jenwitheesuk E, Samudrala R, Isern S, Michael SF. Viral entry inhibitors block dengue antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro. Antiviral Res 2011; 89:71-4. [PMID: 21093488 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe dengue virus (DENV) disease symptoms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, have been correlated with the presence of pre-existing antibodies that enhance rather than neutralize infections in Fc receptor bearing cells. These antibodies can originate from previous infection with a different serotype of dengue, or from waning antibody titers that occur in infants and young children as they are weaned from breast milk that contains protective dengue-specific antibodies. Despite the apparent importance of this antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, there has been no description of any specific inhibitors of this process. We explored DENV entry inhibitors as a potential strategy to block ADE. Two different peptide entry inhibitors were tested for the ability to block antibody-mediated DENV-2 infection of human, FcRII bearing K562 cells in vitro. Both peptides were able to inhibit ADE, showing that entry inhibitors are possible candidates for the development of specific treatment for severe DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindo O Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
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Watthanaworawit W, Turner P, Turner CL, Tanganuchitcharnchai A, Jarman RG, Blacksell SD, Nosten FH. A prospective evaluation of diagnostic methodologies for the acute diagnosis of dengue virus infection on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010; 105:32-7. [PMID: 21035827 PMCID: PMC3444753 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically useful diagnostic tests of dengue virus infection are lacking. We prospectively evaluated the performance of real-time reverse transcriptase (rRT)-PCR, NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody tests to confirm dengue virus infection in acute blood specimens from 162 patients presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness compatible with dengue infection. rRT-PCR was the most sensitive test (89%) and potentially could be used as a single test for confirmation of dengue infection. NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody were not sufficiently sensitive to be used as a single confirmatory test with sensitivities of 54% and 17% respectively. The specificities of rRT-PCR, NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody tests were 96%, 100% and 88% respectively. Combining NS-1 and rRT-PCR or the combination of all three tests resulted in the highest sensitivity (93%) but specificities dropped to 96% and 83% respectively. We conclude that at least the combination of two tests, either agent detection (rRT-PCR) or antigen detection (NS-1) plus IgM antibody detection should be used for laboratory confirmation of dengue infection.
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Costin JM, Jenwitheesuk E, Lok SM, Hunsperger E, Conrads KA, Fontaine KA, Rees CR, Rossmann MG, Isern S, Samudrala R, Michael SF. Structural optimization and de novo design of dengue virus entry inhibitory peptides. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e721. [PMID: 20582308 PMCID: PMC2889824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral fusogenic envelope proteins are important targets for the development of inhibitors of viral entry. We report an approach for the computational design of peptide inhibitors of the dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) envelope (E) protein using high-resolution structural data from a pre-entry dimeric form of the protein. By using predictive strategies together with computational optimization of binding "pseudoenergies", we were able to design multiple peptide sequences that showed low micromolar viral entry inhibitory activity. The two most active peptides, DN57opt and 1OAN1, were designed to displace regions in the domain II hinge, and the first domain I/domain II beta sheet connection, respectively, and show fifty percent inhibitory concentrations of 8 and 7 microM respectively in a focus forming unit assay. The antiviral peptides were shown to interfere with virus:cell binding, interact directly with the E proteins and also cause changes to the viral surface using biolayer interferometry and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. These peptides may be useful for characterization of intermediate states in the membrane fusion process, investigation of DENV receptor molecules, and as lead compounds for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Costin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ekachai Jenwitheesuk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shee-Mei Lok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kelly A. Conrads
- FortéBio, Incorporated, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Krystal A. Fontaine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Craig R. Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Rossmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
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Naze F, Le Roux K, Schuffenecker I, Zeller H, Staikowsky F, Grivard P, Michault A, Laurent P. Simultaneous detection and quantitation of Chikungunya, dengue and West Nile viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assays and dengue virus typing using high resolution melting. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:1-7. [PMID: 19773088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are able to emerge or re-emerge in many regions due to climatic changes and increase in travel. Since these viruses produce similar clinical signs it is important for physicians and epidemiologists to differentiate them rapidly. A molecular method was developed for their detection and quantitation in plasma samples and a DENV typing technique were developed. The method consisted in performing two multiplex real-time one-step RT-PCR assays, to detect and quantify the three viruses. Both assays were conducted in a single run, from a single RNA extract containing a unique coextracted and coamplified composite internal control. The quantitation results were close to the best detection thresholds obtained with simplex RT-PCR techniques. The differentiation of DENV types was performed using a High Resolution Melting technique. The assays enable the early diagnosis of the three arboviruses during viremia, including cases of coinfection. The method is rapid, specific and highly sensitive with a potential for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance. A DENV positive sample can be typed conveniently using the High Resolution Melting technique using the same apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Naze
- Service de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie et Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, BP 350, Saint-Pierre Cedex 97448, Reunion
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Development of real time PCR for detection and quantitation of Dengue Viruses. Virol J 2009; 6:10. [PMID: 19166574 PMCID: PMC2651855 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is an important pathogen causing more than 50 million infections every year around the world. Dengue diagnosis depends on serology, which is not useful in the early phase of the disease and virus isolation, which is laborious and time consuming. There is need for a rapid, sensitive and high throughput method for detection of DENV in the early stages of the disease. Several real-time PCR assays have been described for dengue viruses, but there is scope for improvement. The new generation TaqMan Minor Groove Binding (MGB) probe approach was used to develop an improved real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) for DENV in this study. Results The 3'UTR of thirteen Indian strains of DENV was sequenced and aligned with 41 representative sequences from GenBank. A region conserved in all four serotypes was used to target primers and probes for the qRT-PCR. A single MGB probe and a single primer pair for all the four serotypes of DENV were designed. The sensitivity of the two step qRT-PCR assay was10 copies of RNA molecules per reaction. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay was 100% when tested with a panel of 39 known positive and negative samples. Viral RNA could be detected and quantitated in infected mouse brain, cell cultures, mosquitoes and clinical samples. Viral RNA could be detected in patients even after seroconversion till 10 days post onset of infection. There was no signal with Japanese Encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), Chikungunya (CHK) viruses or with Leptospira, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Rickettsia positive clinical samples. Conclusion We have developed a highly sensitive and specific qRT-PCR for detection and quantitation of dengue viruses. The assay will be a useful tool for differential diagnosis of dengue fever in a situation where a number of other clinically indistinguishable infectious diseases like malaria, Chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira occur. The ability of the assay to detect DENV-2 in inoculated mosquitoes makes it a potential tool for detecting DENV in field-caught mosquitoes.
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Dos Santos HWG, Poloni TRRS, Souza KP, Muller VDM, Tremeschin F, Nali LC, Fantinatti LR, Amarilla AA, Castro HLA, Nunes MR, Casseb SM, Vasconcelos PF, Badra SJ, Figueiredo LTM, Aquino VH. A simple one-step real-time RT-PCR for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1426-33. [PMID: 18551599 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most important arbovirus disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and can be caused by infection with any of the four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with DENV can lead to a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from sub-clinical infection or an influenza-like disease known as dengue fever (DF) to a severe, sometimes fatal, disease characterized by hemorrhage and plasma leakage that can lead to shock, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). The diagnosis of dengue is routinely accomplished by serologic assays, such as IgM and IgG ELISAs, as well as HI tests, analyzing serum samples obtained from patients with at least 7 days of symptoms onset. These tests cannot be used for diagnosis during the early symptomatic phase. In addition, antibodies against dengue are broad reactive with other flaviviruses. Therefore, a specific diagnostic method for acute DENV infection is of great interest. In that sense, the real-time RT-PCR has become an important tool that can be used for early and specific detection of dengue virus genome in human serum samples. This study describes a simple, specific, and sensitive real-time RT-PCR for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harryson Wings Godoy Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lurchachaiwong W, Payungporn S, Srisatidnarakul U, Mungkundar C, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan Y. Rapid detection and strain identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by real-time RT-PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:55-60. [PMID: 17944835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop and validate assays based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rapid detection and strain identification (European and North American strains) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by using SYBR Green I and TaqMan probe chemistries. METHODS AND RESULTS This study describes two alternative assays based on real-time RT-PCR for rapid detection and strain identification of PRRSV in comparison with conventional RT-PCR. The first assay utilized SYBR Green I with melting curve analysis; another assay was performed using strain-specific TaqMan probes. Primers were selected from the conserved regions within ORF7 (N) of both strains whereas two TaqMan probes labelled with different fluorescent dyes were specifically designed for each strain. The result of strain identification was confirmed by direct sequencing. Both assays can be used for rapid detection and strain identification of PRRSV with a sensitivity of 10(4) and 10(3) copies microl(-1) for SYBR Green and TaqMan probe, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Real-time RT-PCR is a powerful method combining rapidity, specificity and efficiency for large-scale screening and strain identification of PRRSV. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The data indicate that the methods developed are invaluable for detecting low levels of PRRSV infection in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lurchachaiwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Añez M, Putonti C, Fox GE, Fofanov Y, Willson RC. Exhaustive computational identification of pathogen sequences far-distant from background genomes: Identification and experimental verification of human-blind dengue PCR primers. J Biotechnol 2007; 133:267-76. [PMID: 17996971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We recently developed novel algorithms for exhaustive identification of all nucleotide subsequences present in a pathogen genome which differ by at least a chosen number of mismatches from the sequences of host/background organisms. This type of exhaustive computational analysis will be useful in reducing false positives and cross-reactivity in PCR and hybridization assays. We present the first experimental test of the method by showing that the subsequences identified when used as 18-mer PCR primers can detect the presence of dengue virus (DENV) even in the presence of a large excess of complex human genomic DNA. From our computations, 715 serotype-specific primer pairs were identified for three different DENV serotypes in which each primer sequence lies at least two mismatches from the nearest human sequence. DNA clones of representative strains of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 viruses were subjected to real-time PCR testing using eight primer pairs each. Efficiencies were uniformly very high (mean+/-S.D.=99.6+/-3%), and amplification of human DNA was never observed within 35 cycles, even at a 5.5-fold molar excess of human DNA. Exhaustive primer/probe screening can potentially produce more selective and sensitive diagnostic assays for pathogens, especially in the presence of complex backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaclara Añez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-4004, United States
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Tavakoli NP, Tobin EH, Wong SJ, Dupuis AP, Glasheen B, Kramer LD, Bernard KA. Identification of dengue virus in respiratory specimens from a patient who had recently traveled from a region where dengue virus infection is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1523-7. [PMID: 17376878 PMCID: PMC1865903 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00209-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease, and it is a major public health problem in subtropical and tropical regions. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. The global resurgence of dengue is thought to be due to failure to control the Aedes populations, uncontrolled urbanization, population growth, climate change, and increased airplane travel. In this paper we describe the methods used to detect dengue virus infection in a patient who presented to a hospital in New York State. The patient was a 21-year-old female who had recently traveled from Thailand. Serologic testing, viral culture, and molecular methods, including reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR, were tools used for diagnosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens indicated flavivirus infection. Conventional RT-PCR and sequencing, in addition to real-time RT-PCR of serum samples and nasal and throat swabs from the patient, confirmed dengue virus 1 (DEN-1) infection. A cytopathic effect was observed in virus cultures of the acute-phase serum samples and nasal swabs. DEN-1 was subsequently detected by RT-PCR from cell culture supernatants and by direct fluorescent-antibody assay staining of the cell culture monolayer. We show that a multipronged approach to the laboratory diagnosis of dengue infections can be used to successfully diagnose and differentiate the dengue virus serotypes. In addition, we show that both dengue viral RNA and infectious virus can be detected in respiratory specimens from an infected patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma P Tavakoli
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Chien LJ, Liao TL, Shu PY, Huang JH, Gubler DJ, Chang GJJ. Development of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays to detect and serotype dengue viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1295-304. [PMID: 16597854 PMCID: PMC1448645 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.4.1295-1304.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotyping dengue virus (DENV) from suspect human specimens is crucial for developing sound epidemiological control measurements early in the transmission season and for effective patient management. We modified DENV consensus D1 (mD1) and serotype-specific TS2 (mTS2) and redesigned serotype-specific TS1 (rTS1) and TS4 (rTS4) as described previously in the conventional capsid and premembrane gene (C-prM) protocol (R. S. Lanciotti, C. H. Calisher, D. J. Gubler, G.-J. Chang, A. V. Vorndam, J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:545-551, 1992). In addition, we designed two new sets of amplimers and probes, located at nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) and the 3' noncoding region (3'NC) of DENV. The NS5 protocol utilizes two flaviviral consensus outer amplimers (mFU1 and CFD2) and four dengue virus serotype-specific TaqMan fluorogenic probes. The 3'NC protocol uses two DENV consensus amplimers, DC10418 and CDC10564. The conventional gel-based, heminested detection method was adapted for the C-prM protocol for detecting and serotyping dengue viruses. In addition, we developed the real-time SYBR green I and postamplification melting temperature curve analysis for the mD1/TS and 3'NC protocols using identical amplification conditions. The NS5 amplimer/probe set was formulated as a one-tube, multiplex, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for serotype identification. Three sets of amplimers and probes were verified for their specificity in tests with yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile viruses; optimized against 109 DENV strains; and validated for detection of the virus in sera from two different panels of acute-phase human dengue serum specimens and one panel of virus isolates from dengue patients' serum specimens. Clinical evaluation by two separate laboratories indicated that the C-prM was more sensitive (100%) than the NS5 (91%) or the 3'NC (91%) protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Chien
- Center for Disease Control--Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Hernández L, Domingo C, Valdés K, Guzmán MG, Tenorio A. Detection and subtyping of dengue 1-4 and yellow fever viruses by means of a multiplex RT-nested-PCR using degenerated primers. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1432-41. [PMID: 16930266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differential diagnosis of infections that cause similar diseases and may be active simultaneously in the same geographical areas is greatly needed. Dengue and yellow fever viruses (DENV and YFV) are transmitted by the same species of mosquito and both can cause haemorrhagic fever symptoms. These viruses are active mainly in regions where expensive and sophisticated technologies are not available. Our objective was to develop a simple, reliable and easy-to-perform method to detect and identify these viruses. METHODS We slightly modified a generic RT-PCR able to detect the mentioned viruses and other members of this genus: specific primers for each one of these viruses were designed and included in the nested reaction instead of one of the generic ones. The reaction was optimized and viruses are amplified giving rise to bands of different sizes distinguishable in agarose gels. RESULTS This test is able to detect and identify the four DENVs and YFV to a high level of sensitivity and specificity and can be used with clinical samples. This simple, reliable and easy-to-perform method able to detect and identify dengue 1-4 and YFV can be used in poor endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sánchez-Seco
- Alert and Emergency Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
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Fan J, Kraft AJ, Henrickson KJ. Current methods for the rapid diagnosis of bioterrorism-related infectious agents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2006; 53:817-42, vii-viii. [PMID: 17027612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioterrorism is the calculated use of violence against civilians to attain political, religious, or ideologic goals using weapons of biological warfare. Bioterrorism is of particular concern because these weapons can be manufactured with ease and do not require highly sophisticated technology. Moreover, biologic agents can be delivered and spread easily and can effect a large population and geographic area. The terrorist attacks occurring around the world necessitate society's continued investment in adequate defense against these unpredictable and irrational events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Mori S, Sugahara K, Uemura A, Akamatsu N, Tutsumi R, Kuroki T, Hirakata Y, Atogami S, Hasegawa H, Yamada Y, Kamihira S. Rapid, Simple, and Accurate Detection of K-ras Mutations From Body Fluids Using Real-Time PCR and DNA Melting Curve Analysis. Lab Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/6507kah8ev592mj4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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