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Honda M, Setoyama H, Nabekura R, Murota K, Suda Y, Yanase T. Isolation and whole-genome sequence analysis of Balagodu virus in Japan. Virus Genes 2024; 60:325-331. [PMID: 38492201 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of a virus isolated from Culicoides biting midges in southern Japan in 2020 revealed that it is a strain of Balagodu virus (BLGV; genus Orthobunyavirus; family Peribunyaviridae; order Bunyavirales). A solitary instance of BLGV isolation occurred in India in 1963. All assembled segments comprise complete protein-coding sequences that are similar to those of other orthobunyaviruses. The consensus 3'- and 5'-terminal sequences of orthobunyaviruses' genomic RNAs are also conserved in the Japanese BLGV strain. Here, we update the geographic distribution of BLGV and provide its complete sequence, contributing to the clarification of orthobunyavirus phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Honda
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, 880-0212, Japan
| | - Hironori Setoyama
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, 880-0212, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nabekura
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, 880-0212, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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2
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Kobayashi D, Inoue Y, Suzuki R, Matsuda M, Shimoda H, Faizah AN, Kaku Y, Ishijima K, Kuroda Y, Tatemoto K, Virhuez-Mendoza M, Harada M, Nishino A, Inumaru M, Yonemitsu K, Kuwata R, Takano A, Watanabe M, Higa Y, Sawabe K, Maeda K, Isawa H. Identification and epidemiological study of an uncultured flavivirus from ticks using viral metagenomics and pseudoinfectious viral particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319400121. [PMID: 38687787 PMCID: PMC11087778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319400121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During their blood-feeding process, ticks are known to transmit various viruses to vertebrates, including humans. Recent viral metagenomic analyses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revealed that blood-feeding arthropods like ticks harbor a large diversity of viruses. However, many of these viruses have not been isolated or cultured, and their basic characteristics remain unknown. This study aimed to present the identification of a difficult-to-culture virus in ticks using NGS and to understand its epidemic dynamics using molecular biology techniques. During routine tick-borne virus surveillance in Japan, an unknown flaviviral sequence was detected via virome analysis of host-questing ticks. Similar viral sequences have been detected in the sera of sika deer and wild boars in Japan, and this virus was tentatively named the Saruyama virus (SAYAV). Because SAYAV did not propagate in any cultured cells tested, single-round infectious virus particles (SRIP) were generated based on its structural protein gene sequence utilizing a yellow fever virus-based replicon system to understand its nationwide endemic status. Seroepidemiological studies using SRIP as antigens have demonstrated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SAYAV in sika deer and wild boar captured at several locations in Japan, suggesting that SAYAV is endemic throughout Japan. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that SAYAV forms a sister clade with the Orthoflavivirus genus, which includes important mosquito- and tick-borne pathogenic viruses. This shows that SAYAV evolved into a lineage independent of the known orthoflaviviruses. This study demonstrates a unique approach for understanding the epidemiology of uncultured viruses by combining viral metagenomics and pseudoinfectious viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama City, Tokyo208-0011, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama City, Tokyo208-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kaku
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Milagros Virhuez-Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishino
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Mizue Inumaru
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari City, Ehime794-8555, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
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Haas GD, Schmitz KS, Azarm KD, Johnson KN, Klain WR, Freiberg AN, Cox RM, Plemper RK, Lee B. Tetracistronic Minigenomes Elucidate a Functional Promoter for Ghana Virus and Unveils Cedar Virus Replicase Promiscuity for all Henipaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589704. [PMID: 38659760 PMCID: PMC11042316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Batborne henipaviruses, such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus, represent a major threat to global health due to their propensity for spillover, severe pathogenicity, and high mortality rate in human hosts. Coupled with the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics, work with the prototypical species and uncharacterized, emergent species is restricted to high biocontainment facilities. There is a scarcity of such specialized spaces for research, and often the scope and capacity of research which can be conducted at BSL-4 is limited. Therefore, there is a pressing need for innovative life-cycle modeling systems to enable comprehensive research within lower biocontainment settings. This work showcases tetracistronic, transcription and replication competent minigenomes for Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Cedar virus, and Ghana virus, which encode viral proteins facilitating budding, fusion, and receptor binding. We validate the functionality of all encoded viral proteins and demonstrate a variety of applications to interrogate the viral life cycle. Notably, we found that the Cedar virus replicase exhibits remarkable promiscuity, efficiently rescuing minigenomes from all tested henipaviruses. We also apply this technology to GhV, an emergent species which has so far not been isolated in culture. We demonstrate that the reported sequence of GhV is incomplete, but that this missing sequence can be substituted with analogous sequences from other henipaviruses. Use of our GhV system establishes the functionality of the GhV replicase and identifies two antivirals which are highly efficacious against the GhV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Kristopher D. Azarm
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kendra N. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William R. Klain
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Robert M. Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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4
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SUDA Y, MUROTA K, YANASE T. Complete genome sequences of Sathuperi and Shamonda viruses isolated in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1324-1326. [PMID: 37926512 PMCID: PMC10788167 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sathuperi virus (SATV) and Shamonda virus (SHAV) (family Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, species Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus) have been suggested to cause congenital abnormalities in ruminants. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of SATV KSB-6/C/02 and SHAV KSB-2/C/08 strains, which were obtained from Culicoides biting midges in Japan, by next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The 3'- and 5'-untranslated region sequences of the M segment of SHAV KSB-2/C/08 strains are distinctly different from those of SATV KSB-6/C/02 and Schmallenberg viruses. This study provides the genome characterization of Japanese strains of SATV and SHAV and presented the genetic variation in the untranslated regions of Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus M segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto SUDA
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal
Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kagoshima,
Japan
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, NIAH, NARO,
Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsunori MUROTA
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal
Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kagoshima,
Japan
| | - Tohru YANASE
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal
Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kagoshima,
Japan
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5
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Whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel orthobunyavirus isolated in Japan in the 1980s. Arch Virol 2023; 168:67. [PMID: 36653513 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two viruses isolated from Culicoides biting midges in Japan and preserved in a frozen state for over three decades were genetically characterized by next-generation sequencing. The viruses have a tripartite RNA genome with the typical coding strategy of orthobunyaviruses. They also share a high level of genetic similarity and are thus regarded as isolates of the same virus. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis including viruses of the Simbu serogroup demonstrated that the new viruses are members of clade A of this serogroup. In addition, a discrepancy in the phylogenetic trees indicated that a genetic reassortment had occurred in the evolution of the studied viruses. The L protein of the virus reported here showed no more than 94.6% amino acid sequence identity to that of any other Simbu serogroup virus, indicating that it should be regarded as a novel virus according to a criterion for species definition in the genus Orthobunyavirus. Therefore, this novel virus is tentatively named 'Taniyama virus' based on the location where the infected midges were collected.
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6
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Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are a diverse group of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of which several species cause significant mortality and morbidity. In recent years the collection of paramyxoviruses sequences detected in wild mammals has substantially grown, however little is known about paramyxovirus diversity in North American mammals. To better understand natural paramyxovirus diversity, host range, and host specificity, we sought to comprehensively characterize paramyxoviruses across a range of diverse co-occurring wild small mammals in Southern Arizona. We used highly degenerate primers to screen fecal and urine samples and obtained a total of 55 paramyxovirus sequences from 12 rodent species and 6 bat species. We also performed illumina RNA-seq and de novo assembly on 14 of the positive samples to recover a total of five near full-length viral genomes. We show there are at least two clades of rodent-borne paramyxoviruses in Arizona, while bat-associated paramyxoviruses formed a putative single clade. Using structural homology modeling of the viral attachment protein, we infer that three of the five novel viruses likely bind sialic acid in a manner similar to other Respiroviruses, while the other two viruses from Heteromyid rodents likely bind a novel host receptor. We find no evidence for cross-species transmission, even among closely related sympatric host species. Taken together, these data suggest paramyxoviruses are a common viral infection in some bat and rodent species present in North America, and illuminate the evolution of these viruses. Importance There are a number of viral lineages that are potential zoonotic threats to humans. One of these, paramyxoviruses, have jumped into humans multiple times from wild and domestic animals. We conducted one of the largest viral surveys of wild mammals in the United States to better understand paramyxovirus diversity and evolution.
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7
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Saleem A, Ali Z, Yeh SD, Saeed W, Binat Imdad A, Akbar MF, Goodman RE, Naseem S. Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of atypical Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258298. [PMID: 34637470 PMCID: PMC8509892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it's likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas one was in its CP gene sequence. The PRSV-PK appeared to be recombinant of a major parent from Bangladesh. However, the genetic differentiation based on full length genomic sequences revealed less frequent gene flow between virus PRSV-PK and the population from America, India, Colombia, other Asian Countries and Australia. Whereas, frequent gene flow exists between Pakistan and Bangladesh virus populations. These results provided evidence correlating geographical position and genetic distances. We speculate that the genetic variations and evolutionary dynamics of this virus may challenge the resistance developed in papaya against PRSV and give rise to virus lineage because of its atypical emergence where geographic spread is already occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wajeeha Saeed
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Binat Imdad
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Akbar
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Richard E. Goodman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Murota K, Ishii K, Mekaru Y, Araki M, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Yanase T. Isolation of Culicoides- and Mosquito-Borne Orbiviruses in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Between 2014 and 2019. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:796-808. [PMID: 34463150 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of arboviruses in livestock ruminants has often gone unrecognized owing to the fact that a significant percentage of arboviruses probably induce subclinical infections and/or negligible symptoms in infected animals. To determine the current situation of arbovirus circulation in the Yaeyama Islands, attempts to isolate viruses from bovine blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 have been made. In total, 308 blood samples were collected during the study period, and 43 of them induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures. The identification of the CPE agents was performed by reported RT-PCR assays and a high-throughput analysis with a next-generation sequencing platform. The obtained viruses consisted of an orthobunyavirus (Peaton virus), Culicoides-borne orbiviruses (bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [EHDV] serotypes 5, 6, and 7, D'Aguilar virus, and Bunyip Creek virus), and potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses (Yunnan orbivirus, Guangxi orbivirus, and Yonaguni orbivirus). Most of the orbiviruses were recovered from washed blood cells with mosquito cell cultures, suggesting that this combination was more efficient than other combinations such as plasma/blood cells and hamster cell lines. This marked the first time that the isolation of EHDV serotypes 5 and 6 and three potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses was recorded in Japan, showing a greater variety of orbiviruses on the islands than previously known. Genetic analysis of the isolated orbiviruses suggested that the Yaeyama Islands and its neighboring regions were epidemiologically related. Some of the viruses, especially the potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses, were isolated during several consecutive years, indicating their establishment on the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Yuji Mekaru
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Miho Araki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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9
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Kodama F, Yamaguchi H, Park E, Tatemoto K, Sashika M, Nakao R, Terauchi Y, Mizuma K, Orba Y, Kariwa H, Hagiwara K, Okazaki K, Goto A, Komagome R, Miyoshi M, Ito T, Yamano K, Yoshii K, Funaki C, Ishizuka M, Shigeno A, Itakura Y, Bell-Sakyi L, Edagawa S, Nagasaka A, Sakoda Y, Sawa H, Maeda K, Saijo M, Matsuno K. A novel nairovirus associated with acute febrile illness in Hokkaido, Japan. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5539. [PMID: 34545081 PMCID: PMC8452618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of tick-borne orthonairovirus infections, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, is becoming a global concern for public health. In the present study, we identify a novel orthonairovirus, designated Yezo virus (YEZV), from two patients showing acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia after tick bite in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. YEZV is phylogenetically grouped with Sulina virus detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Romania. YEZV infection has been confirmed in seven patients from 2014–2020, four of whom were co-infected with Borrelia spp. Antibodies to YEZV are found in wild deer and raccoons, and YEZV RNAs have been detected in ticks from Hokkaido. In this work, we demonstrate that YEZV is highly likely to be the causative pathogen of febrile illness, representing the first report of an endemic infection associated with an orthonairovirus potentially transmitted by ticks in Japan. Here, Kodama et al. describe the discovery, isolation and characterization of a novel tick-borne orthonairovirus, designated Yezo virus (YEZV), from patients with an acute febrile illness in Japan. Serological testing of wildlife and molecular screening of ticks suggest an endemic circulation of YEZV in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kodama
- Sapporo City General Hospital, 060-8604, Sapporo, Japan.,Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, 940-2085, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eunsil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yurino Terauchi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuma
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 069-8501, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Okazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 061-0293, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Goto
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rika Komagome
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyoshi
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Yamano
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, 060-0819, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Funaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishizuka
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Shigeno
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5RF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, MD 21201, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan. .,Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, 001-0020, Sapporo, Japan. .,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan.
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10
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Torii S, Ono C, Suzuki R, Morioka Y, Anzai I, Fauzyah Y, Maeda Y, Kamitani W, Fukuhara T, Matsuura Y. Establishment of a reverse genetics system for SARS-CoV-2 using circular polymerase extension reaction. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109014. [PMID: 33838744 PMCID: PMC8015404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although multiple mutations have been observed in SARS-CoV-2, functional analysis of each mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has been limited by the lack of convenient mutagenesis methods. In this study, we establish a PCR-based, bacterium-free method to generate SARS-CoV-2 infectious clones. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 could be rescued at high titer with high accuracy after assembling 10 SARS-CoV-2 cDNA fragments by circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) and transfection of the resulting circular genome into susceptible cells. The construction of infectious clones for reporter viruses and mutant viruses could be completed in two simple steps: introduction of reporter genes or mutations into the desirable DNA fragments (∼5,000 base pairs) by PCR and assembly of the DNA fragments by CPER. This reverse genetics system may potentially advance further understanding of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Torii
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Itsuki Anzai
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzy Fauzyah
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Kobayashi D, Watanabe M, Faizah AN, Amoa-Bosompem M, Higa Y, Tsuda Y, Sawabe K, Isawa H. Discovery of a Novel Flavivirus (Flaviviridae) From the Horse Fly, Tabanus rufidens (Diptera: Tabanidae): The Possible Coevolutionary Relationships Between the Classical Insect-Specific Flaviviruses and Host Dipteran Insects. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:880-890. [PMID: 33710314 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tabanid flies (Tabanidae: Diptera) are common hematophagous insects known to transmit some pathogens mechanically or biologically to animals; they are widely distributed throughout the world. However, no tabanid-borne viruses, except mechanically transmitted viruses, have been reported to date. In this study, we conducted RNA virome analysis of several human-biting tabanid species in Japan, to discover and characterize viruses associated with tabanids. A novel flavivirus was encountered during the study in the Japanese horse fly, Tabanus rufidens (Bigot, 1887). The virus was detected only in T. rufidens, but not in other tabanid species, and as such was designated Tabanus rufidens flavivirus (TrFV). TrFV could not be isolated using a mammalian cell line and showed a closer phylogenetic relationship to the classical insect-specific flaviviruses (cISFs) rather than the vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs), suggesting that it is a novel member of the cISFs. The first discovery of a cISF from Brachycera provides new insight into the evolutionary history and dynamics of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuda
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Safety and Immunogenicity of a Stable, Cold-Adapted, Temperature-Sensitive/Conditional Lethal Enterovirus A71 in Monkey Study. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030438. [PMID: 33803356 PMCID: PMC8001754 DOI: 10.3390/v13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are major etiological agents of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, which may result in fatal neurological complications. The development of safe, cost effective vaccines against HFMD, especially for use in developing countries, is still a top public health priority. We have successfully generated a stable, cold-adapted, temperature sensitive/conditional lethal EV-A71 through adaptive culturing in Vero cells at incrementally lower cultivation temperatures. An additional 40 passages at an incubation temperature of 28 °C, and a temperature reversion study at an incubation temperature of 37 °C and 39.5 °C, reveals the virus’s phenotypic and genetic stability at the predefined culture conditions. Six unique mutations (two in noncoding regions and four in nonstructural protein-coding genes) in combination may have contributed to its stable phenotype and inability to fully revert to its original wild phenotype. The safety and immunogenicity of this stable, cold-adapted, temperature sensitive/conditional lethal EV-A71 was performed in six monkeys. None of the inoculated monkeys developed any obvious clinical illness except one which developed a transient spike of fever. No gross postmortem lesion or abnormal histological finding was noted for all monkeys at autopsy. No virus was reisolated although EV-A71 specific RNA was detected in serum samples collected on both day 4 and day 8 postinoculation. Only EV-A71 RNA and viral antigen were detected in the spleen homogenate and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively, collected on day 4. The two remaining monkeys developed good humoral immune response on day 14 and day 30 post-inoculation.
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13
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Suda Y, Murota K, Shirafuji H, Yanase T. Genomic analysis of putative novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1151-1156. [PMID: 33547486 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was initially isolated in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently in Guangdong, Hunan, and Yunnan, China. We document the first isolation of TIBOV outside of China: two TIBOV isolates from Culicoides collected in 2009 and 2010 in Kagoshima, Japan. Their complete genome sequences were also determined. Our results suggest that the two virus isolates are of novel serotypes, evident by variability within genome segment 2 encoding VP2. These new putative TIBOV serotypes will help with future virus surveillance and with the evaluation of its potential to cause disease in domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Suda
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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14
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László Z, Pankovics P, Reuter G, Cságola A, Bálint Á, Albert M, Boros Á. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses ( Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010066. [PMID: 33418939 PMCID: PMC7825084 DOI: 10.3390/v13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán László
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Attila Cságola
- Ceva Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Department of Virology, National Food Chain Safety Office Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Mihály Albert
- Ceva Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.P.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-251
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15
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Matsuno K. [Yezo virus and emerging orthonairovirus diseases]. Uirusu 2021; 71:117-124. [PMID: 37245974 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.71.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new etiological agent of an acute febrile illness following tick bite has been found in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2019 and designated as Yezo virus. Seven cases of Yezo virus infection were identified from 2014 to 2020 by passive and retrospective surveillance. Yezo virus is classified into the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae and forms Sulina genogroup together with Sulina virus, which was identified in ticks in Romania. The Sulina genogroup viruses are closely related to the Tamdy genogroup viruses recently reported as causative agents of febrile illness in China and distant from known orthonairovirus pathogens, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Since only limited information is available for the emerging orthonairovirus diseases, including Yezo virus infection, their occurrence should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Matsuno
- Okazaki National Research Institutes
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University
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16
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Kobayashi D, Komatsu N, Faizah AN, Amoa-Bosompem M, Sawabe K, Isawa H. A novel nyavirus lacking matrix and glycoprotein genes from Argas japonicus ticks. Virus Res 2020; 292:198254. [PMID: 33276024 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are highly diverse and are the sole agents that can infect organisms in all domains of life. Viruses are defined as capsid-encoding organisms as opposed to ribosome-encoding cellular organisms. However, recent advances in virology indicate the existence of unique viruses that do not meet this basic definition, such as capsidless viruses. During virome analysis of the soft tick Argas japonicus, we identified virus-like sequences closely related to the members of genus Nyavirus (family Nyamiviridae). Further analysis revealed sequences derived from a novel nyavirus that lacks two structural protein genes, matrix (M) and glycoprotein (G). This unique nyavirus is tentatively named Sekira virus (SEKRV). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a nyavirus deficient in M and G genes in nature. The mechanism of infection, replication, and persistence of SEKRV remain unknown, yet this finding provides new insight into virus evolution and the diverse way of viral life in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Komatsu
- Research and Development Department, Civil International Corporation, 1-19-4 Imado, Taito-ku, Tokyo, 111-0024, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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17
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Complete Genome Sequences of Two Akabane Virus Strains Causing Bovine Postnatal Encephalomyelitis in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/39/e00807-20. [PMID: 32972940 PMCID: PMC7516151 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00807-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two AKAV strains causing nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in cattle by postnatal infection in Japan. Akabane virus (AKAV) (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two AKAV strains causing nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in cattle by postnatal infection in Japan.
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18
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Murota K, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Ishii K, Katagiri Y, Suzuki M, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Tanaka S, Yanase T. Identification and characterization of a novel orbivirus, Yonaguni orbivirus, isolated from cattle on the westernmost island of Japan. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2903-2908. [PMID: 32894348 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel orbivirus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), designated Yonaguni orbivirus (YONOV), was isolated from bovine blood collected on a subtropical island of Japan in 2015. The YONOV genome (20,054 nucleotides in total) has a coding arrangement similar to those of mosquito-borne orbiviruses. YONOV has a close genetic relationship to mosquito-borne orbiviruses, especially to Mobuck virus (MBV), which was isolated in North America. However, YONOV and MBV share less than 74% nucleotide sequence identity in the major subcore protein (T2) coding sequence, which satisfies the criterion for species demarcation. It is still uncertain whether YONOV should be assigned to a novel species in the genus Orbivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yoshito Katagiri
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Kanekadan 3-1, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Tacaribe virus (TCRV) is the prototype of the New World arenaviruses (also known as TCRV serocomplex viruses). While TCRV is not itself a human pathogen, many closely related members of this group cause hemorrhagic fever, and thus TCRV has long served as an important BSL2 system for research into diverse areas of arenavirus biology. Due to its widespread use, a coding-complete sequence for both the S and L segments of the bipartite genome has been publically available for almost 30 years. However, more recently, this sequence has been found to contain significant discrepancies compared to other samples of the same original strain (i.e., TRVL-11573). Further, it is incomplete with respect to the genome ends, which contain critical regulatory elements for RNA synthesis. In order to rectify these issues we now present the first complete genome sequence for this important prototype arenavirus. In addition to completing the S segment 5’ end, we identified an apparent error in the L segment 3’ end as well as substantial discrepancies in the S segment intergenic region likely to affect folding. Comparison of this sequence with existing partial sequences confirmed a 12-amino-acid deletion in GP, including putative glycosylation sites, and a 4-amino-acid exchange flanking the exonuclease domain of NP. Accounting for these corrections, the TRVL-11573 strain appears to be nearly identical to that isolated in Florida in 2012. The availability of this information provides a solid basis for future molecular and genetic work on this important prototype arenavirus.
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20
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Blasdell KR, Davis SS, Voysey R, Bulach DM, Middleton D, Williams S, Harmsen MB, Weir RP, Crameri S, Walsh SJ, Peck GR, Tesh RB, Boyle DB, Melville LF, Walker PJ. Hayes Yard virus: a novel ephemerovirus isolated from a bull with severe clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever is most closely related to Puchong virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:58. [PMID: 32349781 PMCID: PMC7191811 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. The disease is caused by a rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which occurs as a single serotype globally. Although several other closely related ephemeroviruses have been isolated from cattle and/or arthropods, only kotonkan virus from Nigeria and (tentatively) Mavingoni virus from Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean have been previously associated with febrile disease. Here, we report the isolation of a novel virus (Hayes Yard virus; HYV) from blood collected in February 2000 from a bull (Bos indicus) in the Northern Territory of Australia. The animal was suffering from a severe ephemeral fever-like illness with neurological involvement, including recumbency and paralysis, and was euthanised. Histological examination of spinal cord and lung tissue identified extensive haemorrhage in the dura mata with moderate perineuronal oedema and extensive emphysema. HYV displayed cone-shaped morphology, typical of rhabdoviruses, and was found to be most closely related antigenically to Puchong virus (PUCV), isolated in 1965 from mosquitoes in Malaysia. Analysis of complete genome sequences of HYV (15 025 nt) and PUCV (14 932 nt) indicated that each has a complex organisation (3' N-P-M-G-GNS-α1-α2-β-γ-L 5') and expression strategy, similar to that of BEFV. Based on an alignment of complete L protein sequences, HYV and PUCV cluster with other rhabdoviruses in the genus Ephemerovirus and appear to represent two new species. Neutralising antibody to HYV was also detected in a retrospective survey of cattle sera collected in the Northern Territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Timor-Leste Office, Menzies School of Health Research, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Rhonda Voysey
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Dieter M Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Deborah Middleton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sinead Williams
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Margaret B Harmsen
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Richard P Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sandra Crameri
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Susan J Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Grantley R Peck
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David B Boyle
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lorna F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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21
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Rosales-Munar A, Alvarez-Diaz DA, Laiton-Donato K, Peláez-Carvajal D, Usme-Ciro JA. Efficient Method for Molecular Characterization of the 5' and 3' Ends of the Dengue Virus Genome. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050496. [PMID: 32365696 PMCID: PMC7290889 DOI: 10.3390/v12050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is of major importance in public health. Although it has been extensively studied at the molecular level, sequencing of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the untranslated regions (UTR) commonly requires specific approaches for completion and corroboration. The present study aimed to characterize the 5′ and 3′ ends of dengue virus types 1 to 4. The 5′ and 3′ ends of twenty-nine dengue virus isolates from acute infections were amplified through a modified protocol of the rapid amplification cDNA ends approach. For the 5′ end cDNA synthesis, specific anti-sense primers for each serotype were used, followed by polyadenylation of the cDNA using a terminal transferase and subsequent PCR amplification with oligo(dT) and internal specific reverse primer. At the 3′ end of the positive-sense viral RNA, an adenine tail was directly synthetized using an Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase, allowing subsequent hybridization of the oligo(dT) during cDNA synthesis. The incorporation of the poly(A) tail at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the dengue virus cDNA and RNA, respectively, allowed for successful primer hybridization, PCR amplification and direct sequencing. This approach can be used for completing dengue virus genomes obtained through direct and next-generation sequencing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rosales-Munar
- Sequencing and Genomics Unit, Virology Laboratory, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.R.-M.); (D.A.A.-D.); (K.L.-D.); (D.P.-C.)
| | - Diego Alejandro Alvarez-Diaz
- Sequencing and Genomics Unit, Virology Laboratory, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.R.-M.); (D.A.A.-D.); (K.L.-D.); (D.P.-C.)
| | - Katherine Laiton-Donato
- Sequencing and Genomics Unit, Virology Laboratory, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.R.-M.); (D.A.A.-D.); (K.L.-D.); (D.P.-C.)
| | - Dioselina Peláez-Carvajal
- Sequencing and Genomics Unit, Virology Laboratory, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.R.-M.); (D.A.A.-D.); (K.L.-D.); (D.P.-C.)
| | - Jose A. Usme-Ciro
- Sequencing and Genomics Unit, Virology Laboratory, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.R.-M.); (D.A.A.-D.); (K.L.-D.); (D.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico-CIST, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta 470003, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-314-628-9435
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22
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Kobayashi D, Murota K, Faizah AN, Itokawa K, Fujita R, Osei JHN, Agbosu E, Pratt D, Kimura S, Kwofie KD, Ohashi M, Bonney JHK, Dadzie S, Sasaki T, Ohta N, Isawa H, Sawabe K, Iwanaga S. Entomological Assessment of the Status and Risk of Mosquito-borne Arboviral Transmission in Ghana. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020147. [PMID: 32012771 PMCID: PMC7077231 DOI: 10.3390/v12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomological surveillance is one of the tools used in monitoring and controlling vector-borne diseases. However, the use of entomological surveillance for arboviral infection vector control is often dependent on finding infected individuals. Although this method may suffice in highly endemic areas, it is not as effective in controlling the spread of diseases in low endemic and non-endemic areas. In this study, we examined the efficiency of using entomological markers to assess the status and risk of arbovirus infection in Ghana, which is considered a non-endemic country, by combining mosquito surveillance with virus isolation and detection. This study reports the presence of cryptic species of mosquitoes in Ghana, demonstrating the need to combine morphological identification and molecular techniques in mosquito surveillance. Furthermore, although no medically important viruses were detected, the importance of insect-specific viruses in understanding virus evolution and arbovirus transmission is discussed. This study reports the first mutualistic relationship between dengue virus and the double-stranded RNA Aedes aegypti totivirus. Finally, this study discusses the complexity of the virome of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and its implication for arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.A.-B.); (S.K.); (K.D.K.); (M.O.)
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (J.H.N.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan;
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (J.H.N.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Esinam Agbosu
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (E.A.); (D.P.); (J.H.K.B.)
| | - Deborah Pratt
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (E.A.); (D.P.); (J.H.K.B.)
| | - Shohei Kimura
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.A.-B.); (S.K.); (K.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Kofi Dadzie Kwofie
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.A.-B.); (S.K.); (K.D.K.); (M.O.)
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (J.H.N.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Mitsuko Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.A.-B.); (S.K.); (K.D.K.); (M.O.)
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (J.H.N.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Joseph H. Kofi Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (E.A.); (D.P.); (J.H.K.B.)
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (J.H.N.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cyo, Suzuka-shi, Mie 510-0293, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (S.I.); Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111 (H.I.); +81-3-5803-5191 (S.I.)
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (D.K.); (A.N.F.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.A.-B.); (S.K.); (K.D.K.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (S.I.); Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111 (H.I.); +81-3-5803-5191 (S.I.)
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Parainfluenza Virus 5 Infection in Neurological Disease and Encephalitis of Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020498. [PMID: 31941046 PMCID: PMC7013525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of viral encephalitis in cattle often remains unresolved, posing a potential risk for animal and human health. In metagenomics studies of cattle with bovine non-suppurative encephalitis, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) was identified in three brain samples. Interestingly, in two of these animals, bovine herpesvirus 6 and bovine astrovirus CH13 were additionally found. We investigated the role of PIV5 in bovine non-suppurative encephalitis and further characterized the three cases. With traditional sequencing methods, we completed the three PIV5 genomes, which were compared to one another. However, in comparison to already described PIV5 strains, unique features were revealed, like an 81 nucleotide longer open reading frame encoding the small hydrophobic (SH) protein. With in situ techniques, we demonstrated PIV5 antigen and RNA in one animal and found a broad cell tropism of PIV5 in the brain. Comparative quantitative analyses revealed a high viral load of PIV5 in the in situ positive animal and therefore, we propose that PIV5 was probably the cause of the disease. With this study, we clearly show that PIV5 is capable of naturally infecting different brain cell types in cattle in vivo and therefore it is a probable cause of encephalitis and neurological disease in cattle.
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24
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Kobayashi D, Murota K, Itokawa K, Ejiri H, Amoa-Bosompem M, Faizah AN, Watanabe M, Maekawa Y, Hayashi T, Noda S, Yamauchi T, Komagata O, Sawabe K, Isawa H. RNA virome analysis of questing ticks from Hokuriku District, Japan, and the evolutionary dynamics of tick-borne phleboviruses. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101364. [PMID: 31928929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne viruses have emerged recently in many parts of the world, and the discoveries of novel tick-borne viruses have been accelerated by the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. In this study, a cost-efficient small benchtop next-generation sequencer, the Illumina MiniSeq, was used for the RNA virome analysis of questing ticks collected from Hokuriku District, Japan, and assessed for their potential utility in a tick-borne virus surveillance system. We detected two phleboviruses [Kabuto Mountain virus (KAMV) and Okutama tick virus (OKTV)], a coltivirus [Tarumizu tick virus (TarTV)], and a novel iflavirus [Hamaphysalis flava iflavirus (HfIFV)] from tick homogenates and/or cell culture supernatants after virus isolation processes. The number of sequence reads from KAMV and TarTV markedly increased when cell culture supernatants were used, indicating a successful isolation of these viruses. In contrast, OKTV and HfIFV were detected only in tick homogenates but not from cell culture supernatants, suggesting a failure to isolate these viruses. Furthermore, we performed genomic and phylogenetic analyzes of these detected viruses. OKTV and some phleboviruses discovered recently by NGS-based methods were probably deficient in the M genome segment, which are herein proposed as M segment-deficient phlebovirus (MdPV). A phylogenetic analysis of phleboviruses, including MdPV, suggested that Uukuniemi and Kaisodi group viruses and kabutoviruses evolved from an ancestral MdPV, which provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of phleboviruses as emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Pathogen genomics center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ejiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinichi Noda
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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25
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Complete Genome Sequences of Two Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Strains Isolated from a Human and a Dog in the Republic Of Korea. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/31/e01695-18. [PMID: 31371552 PMCID: PMC6676000 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01695-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is tick-borne and causes this disease (SFTS) in humans. We determined the complete genome sequences of two SFTSV strains isolated from serum from a human with SFTS and a dog with asymptomatic infection using reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR.
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26
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Gaafar YZA, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Maaß C, Vetten HJ, Ziebell H. Characterisation of a novel nucleorhabdovirus infecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Virol J 2019; 16:55. [PMID: 31036009 PMCID: PMC6489223 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleorhabdoviruses possess bacilliform particles which contain a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome. They replicate and mature in the nucleus of infected cells. Together with viruses of three other genera of the family Rhabdoviridae, they are known to infect plants and can be transmitted by arthropod vectors, during vegetative propagation, or by mechanical means. In 2010, an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plant showing virus-like symptoms was collected from Stadl-Paura, Austria and sent to Julius Kühn Institute for analysis. Methods Electron microscopy (EM) of leaf extracts from infected plants revealed the presence of rhabdovirus-like particles and was further used for ultrastructural analyses of infected plant tissue. Partially-purified preparations of rhabdovirus nucleocapsids were used for raising an antiserum. To determine the virus genome sequence, high throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed. RT-PCR primers were designed to confirm virus infection and to be used as a diagnostic tool. Results EM revealed bacilliform virions resembling those of plant-infecting rhabdoviruses. HTS of ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA extracts revealed a consensus sequence consisting of 13,875 nucleotides (nt) and containing seven open reading frames (ORFs). Homology and phylogenetic analyses suggest that this virus isolate represents a new species of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae). Since the virus originated from an alfalfa plant in Austria, the name alfalfa-associated nucleorhabdovirus (AaNV) is proposed. Viroplasms (Vp) and budding virions were observed in the nuclei of infected cells by EM, thus confirming its taxonomic assignment based on sequence data. Conclusions In this study, we identified and characterised a new nucleorhabdovirus from alfalfa. It shared only 39.8% nucleotide sequence identity with its closest known relative, black currant-associated rhabdovirus 1. The virus contains an additional open reading frame (accessory gene) with unknown function, located between the matrix protein and the glycoprotein genes. Serological and molecular diagnostic assays were designed for future screening of field samples. Further studies are needed to identify other natural hosts and potential vectors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1147-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Z A Gaafar
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christina Maaß
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Ziebell
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
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27
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Wu C, Hu J, Ci X, Nie Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and protection efficacy analysis of 2 wild-type lentogenic class I Newcastle disease viruses from chickens in China. Poult Sci 2019; 98:602-612. [PMID: 30376072 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2 wild-type Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), designated as CK/GX/65/15 and CK/GX/26/15, were isolated from asymptomatic chickens in Guangxi province, China. They were identified as lentogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) above 90 and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) below 0.7. The results of complete genome sequence analysis show that the 2 NDV strains are members of class I genotype 3 with the length 15,198 nt, which followed the "rule of six" and the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. In addition, 8 amino acid substitutions were identified in the functional domains of fusion protein (F) of CK/GX/65/15 and 9 in CK/GX/26/15, whose amino acid sequences of F protein cleavage site are 112E-R-Q-E-R-L117. The isolates were found to be apathogenic in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and ducks without morbidity or mortality. Furthermore, the protection study shows that isolates can provide the same effective protection against a major NDV virulent strain in China (class II genotype VII) as the commercial vaccine LaSota. Moreover, vaccination with isolates reduced number of chickens shedding virus compared to those vaccinated with LaSota. In conclusion, 2 wild-type NDV strains exhibited fine protection efficacy against genotype VII NDV in poultry and can be considered as candidate vaccines against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yu Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dekui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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28
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Johnson RI, Tachedjian M, Clayton BA, Layton R, Bergfeld J, Wang LF, Marsh GA. Characterization of Teviot virus, an Australian bat-borne paramyxovirus. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:403-413. [PMID: 30688635 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are the reservoir hosts for multiple viruses with zoonotic potential, including coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses and filoviruses. Urine collected from Australian pteropid bats was assessed for the presence of paramyxoviruses. One of the viruses isolated was Teviot virus (TevPV), a novel rubulavirus previously isolated from pteropid bat urine throughout the east coast of Australia. Here, we further characterize TevPV through analysis of whole-genome sequencing, growth kinetics, antigenic relatedness and the experimental infection of ferrets and mice. TevPV is phylogenetically and antigenically most closely related to Tioman virus (TioPV). Unlike many other rubulaviruses, cell receptor attachment by TevPV does not appear to be sialic acid-dependent, with the receptor for host cell entry being unknown. The infection of ferrets and mice suggested that TevPV has a low pathogenic potential in mammals. Infected ferrets seroconverted by 10 days post-infection without clinical signs of disease. Furthermore, infected ferrets did not shed virus in any respiratory secretions, suggesting a low risk of onward transmission of TevPV. No productive infection was observed in the mouse infection study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Johnson
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Clayton
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rachel Layton
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jemma Bergfeld
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- 2Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- 1CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
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Tal S, Ben Izhak M, Wachtel C, Wiseman A, Braun T, Yechezkel E, Golan E, Hadas R, Turjeman A, Banet-Noach C, Bronstein M, Lublin A, Berman E, Raviv Z, Pirak M, Klement E, Louzoun Y. Evaluating methods for Avian avulavirus-1 whole genome sequencing. Gene 2019; 721S:100004. [PMID: 32550541 PMCID: PMC7285907 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Avian avulavirus-1 (AAvV-1, previously Newcastle Disease Virus) is responsible for poultry and wild birds' disease outbreaks. Numerous whole genome sequencing methods were reported for this virus. These methods included cloning, specific primers amplification, shotgun PCR approaches, Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification and next generation sequencing platform kits. Methods Three methods were used to sequence 173 Israeli Avian avulavirus-1 field isolates and one vaccine strain (VH). The sequencing was performed on Proton and Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and to a lesser extent, Illumina MiSeq and NextSeq sequencers. Target specific primers (SP) and Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) products sequenced via the Ion torrent sequencer had a high error rate and truncated genomes. All the next generation sequencing platform sequencing kits generated high sequence accuracy and near-complete genomic size. Results A high level of mutations was observed in the intergenic regions between the avian avulavirus-1 genes. Within genes, multiple regions are more mutated than the Fusion region currently used for typing. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the whole genome sequencing by the Ion torrent sequencing kit is sufficient. However, when higher fidelity is desired, the Illumina NextSeq and Proton torrent sequencing kits were found to be preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Tal
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
| | - Meirav Ben Izhak
- Life Science faculty and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | | | - Anat Wiseman
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzipi Braun
- Life Science faculty and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Elinor Yechezkel
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
| | - Einav Golan
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
| | - Ruth Hadas
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Division of Avian Diseases, Israel
| | - Adi Turjeman
- The Center for Genomic Technologies, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Michal Bronstein
- The Center for Genomic Technologies, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Division of Avian Diseases, Israel
| | - Elyakum Berman
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
| | - Ziv Raviv
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Pirak
- The Poultry Health Laboratories, The Egg and Poultry Board, Israel
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel
- Corresponding author at: Math Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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Alston Virus, a Novel Paramyxovirus Isolated from Bats Causes Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Experimentally Challenged Ferrets. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120675. [PMID: 30487438 PMCID: PMC6315912 DOI: 10.3390/v10120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple viruses with zoonotic potential have been isolated from bats globally. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, Alston virus (AlsPV), isolated from urine collected from an Australian pteropid bat colony in Alstonville, New South Wales. Characterization of AlsPV by whole-genome sequencing and analyzing antigenic relatedness revealed it is a rubulavirus that is closely related to parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). Intranasal exposure of mice to AlsPV resulted in no clinical signs of disease, although viral RNA was detected in the olfactory bulbs of two mice at 21 days post exposure. Oronasal challenge of ferrets resulted in subclinical upper respiratory tract infection, viral shedding in respiratory secretions, and detection of viral antigen in the olfactory bulb of the brain. These results imply that AlsPV may be similar to PIV5 in its ability to infect multiple mammalian host species. This isolation of a novel paramyxovirus with the potential to transmit from bats to other mammalian species reinforces the importance of continued surveillance of bats as a source of emerging viruses.
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Torii S, Matsuno K, Qiu Y, Mori-Kajihara A, Kajihara M, Nakao R, Nao N, Okazaki K, Sashika M, Hiono T, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Ebihara H, Takada A, Sawa H. Infection of newly identified phleboviruses in ticks and wild animals in Hokkaido, Japan indicating tick-borne life cycles. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:328-335. [PMID: 30478009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of tick-borne pathogens have raised public health concerns on tick-borne infectious diseases and emphasize the need to assess potential risks of unrecognized tick-borne pathogens. First, to determine the existence of tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs), genetic surveillance of phleboviruses in ticks was conducted mainly in Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan from 2013 to 2015. Genes of two TBPVs, previously reported as Mukawa virus (MKWV) and a newly identified relative of MKWV, Kuriyama virus (KURV), were detected and the viruses were isolated from Ixodes persulcatus collected in Hokkaido, but not in I. persulcatus collected from other areas of Japan. These viruses were phylogenetically and antigenically similar to each other. Next, to investigate the infection of MKWV in mammals, serum samples from wildlife captured in Hokkaido from 2007 to 2011 were used for serological screening. Neutralizing antibodies against MKWV were detected in both Yezo-deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) (2/50) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) (16/64). However, no infectious MKWV was recovered from laboratory mice in experimental infections, though viral RNAs were detected in their tissues. Thus, MKWV and KURV may maintain tick-mammalian life cycles in Hokkaido, suggesting their potential as causative agents of tick-borne diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Okazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, USA
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The Unique Phylogenetic Position of a Novel Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Ensures an Ixodid Origin of the Genus Phlebovirus. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00239-18. [PMID: 29898985 PMCID: PMC6001614 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00239-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel tick-borne RNA viruses causing severe illness in humans has complicated the epidemiological landscape of tick-borne diseases, requiring further investigation to safeguard public health. In the present study, we discovered a novel tick-borne phlebovirus from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Japan. While its viral RNA genome sequences were similar to those of mosquito/sandfly-borne viruses, molecular and biological footprints confirmed that this is a tick-borne virus. The unique evolutionary position of the virus allowed us to estimate the ancestral phlebovirus vector, which was likely a hard tick. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the evolution and emergence of phleboviruses associated with emerging infectious diseases, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Heartland virus disease. The recent emergence of novel tick-borne RNA viruses has complicated the epidemiological landscape of tick-borne infectious diseases, posing a significant challenge to public health systems that seek to counteract tick-borne diseases. The identification of two novel tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV), as causative agents of severe illness in humans has accelerated the investigation and discoveries of novel TBPVs. In the present study, we isolated a novel TBPV designated Mukawa virus (MKWV) from host-questing Ixodes persulcatus females captured in Japan. Genetic characterization revealed that MKWV is a member of the genus Phlebovirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Interestingly, MKWV is genetically distinct from other known TBPVs and shares a most recent common ancestor with mosquito/sandfly-borne (insect-borne) phleboviruses. Despite its genetic similarity to insect-borne phleboviruses, the molecular footprints of its viral proteins and its biological characteristics define MKWV as a tick-borne virus that can be transmitted to mammals. A phylogenetic ancestral-state reconstruction for arthropod vectors of phleboviruses including MKWV based on viral L segment sequences indicated that ticks likely harbored ancestral phleboviruses that evolved into both the tick-borne and MKWV/insect-borne phlebovirus lineages. Overall, our findings suggest that most of the phlebovirus evolution has occurred in hard ticks to generate divergent viruses, which may provide a seminal foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution and emergence of pathogenic phleboviruses, such as Rift Valley fever virus and SFTSV/HRTV. IMPORTANCE The emergence of novel tick-borne RNA viruses causing severe illness in humans has complicated the epidemiological landscape of tick-borne diseases, requiring further investigation to safeguard public health. In the present study, we discovered a novel tick-borne phlebovirus from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Japan. While its viral RNA genome sequences were similar to those of mosquito/sandfly-borne viruses, molecular and biological footprints confirmed that this is a tick-borne virus. The unique evolutionary position of the virus allowed us to estimate the ancestral phlebovirus vector, which was likely a hard tick. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the evolution and emergence of phleboviruses associated with emerging infectious diseases, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Heartland virus disease.
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Groseth A, Vine V, Weisend C, Guevara C, Watts D, Russell B, Tesh RB, Ebihara H. Maguari Virus Associated with Human Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1325-1331. [PMID: 28726602 PMCID: PMC5547800 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.161254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lack of evidence for symptomatic human infection with Maguari virus (MAGV), its close relation to Cache Valley virus (CVV), which does infect humans, remains a concern. We sequenced the complete genome of a MAGV-like isolate (OBS6657) obtained from a febrile patient in Pucallpa, Ucayali, Peru, in 1998. To facilitate its classification, we generated additional full-length sequences for the MAGV prototype strain, 3 additional MAGV-like isolates, and the closely related CVV (7 strains), Tlacotalpan (1 strain), Playas (3 strains), and Fort Sherman (1 strain) viruses. The OBS6657 isolate is similar to the MAGV prototype, whereas 2 of the other MAGV-like isolates are located on a distinct branch and most likely warrant classification as a separate virus species and 1 is, in fact, a misclassified CVV strain. Our findings provide clear evidence that MAGV can cause human disease.
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Ejiri H, Lim CK, Isawa H, Yamaguchi Y, Fujita R, Takayama-Ito M, Kuwata R, Kobayashi D, Horiya M, Posadas-Herrera G, Iizuka-Shiota I, Kakiuchi S, Katayama Y, Hayashi T, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Morikawa S, Maeda K, Mizutani T, Kaku K, Saijo M, Sawabe K. Isolation and characterization of Kabuto Mountain virus, a new tick-borne phlebovirus from Haemaphysalis flava ticks in Japan. Virus Res 2017; 244:252-261. [PMID: 29197549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, indigenous tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs) and their associated diseases first became evident in 2013 by reported human cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In this study, we report a novel member of the genus Phlebovirus designated as Kabuto Mountain virus (KAMV), which was isolated from the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis flava in Hyogo, Japan. A complete viral genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed that KAMV is a novel member of TBPVs, which is closely related to the Uukuniemi and Kaisodi group viruses. However, unlike the Uukuniemi group viruses, the 165-nt intergenic region (IGR) in the KAMV S segment was highly C-rich in the genomic sense and not predicted to form a secondary structure, which are rather similar to those of the Kaisodi group viruses and most mosquito/sandfly-borne phleboviruses. Furthermore, the NSs protein of KAMV was highly divergent from those of other TBPVs. These results provided further insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of TBPVs. KAMV could infect and replicate in some rodent and primate cell lines. We evaluated the infectivity and pathogenicity of KAMV in suckling mice, where we obtained a virulent strain after two passages via intracerebral inoculation. This is the first report showing the existence of a previously unrecognized TBPV in Japan, other than the SFTS virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ejiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Madoka Horiya
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Itoe Iizuka-Shiota
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koki Kaku
- Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Fujita R, Murota K, Itokawa K, Higa Y, Katayama Y, Sasaki T, Mizutani T, Iwanaga S, Ohta N, Garcia-Bertuso A, Sawabe K. Isolation and characterization of a new iflavirus from Armigeres spp. mosquitoes in the Philippines. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2876-2881. [PMID: 29048274 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During an entomological surveillance for arthropod-borne viruses in the Philippines, we isolated a previously unrecognized virus from female Armigeres spp. mosquitoes. Whole-genome sequencing, genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated virus, designated Armigeres iflavirus (ArIFV), is a novel member of the iflaviruses (genus Iflavirus, family Iflaviridae) and phylogenetically related to Moku virus, Hubei odonate virus 4, slow bee paralysis virus and Graminella nigrifrons virus 1. To our knowledge, this is the first successful isolation of iflavirus from a dipteran insect. Spherical ArIFV particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter contained at least three major structural proteins. ArIFV multiplied to high titres (~109 p.f.u. ml-1) and formed clear plaques in a mosquito cell line, C6/36. Our findings provide new insights into the infection mechanism, genetic diversity and evolution of the Iflaviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nihi 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-1-8 Harumi, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-1-8 Harumi, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Arlene Garcia-Bertuso
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, 1000 Manila City, Philippines
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Fujita R, Ejiri H, Lim CK, Noda S, Yamauchi T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi D, Takayama-Ito M, Murota K, Posadas-Herrera G, Minami S, Kuwata R, Yamaguchi Y, Horiya M, Katayama Y, Shimoda H, Saijo M, Maeda K, Mizutani T, Isawa H, Sawabe K. Isolation and characterization of Tarumizu tick virus: A new coltivirus from Haemaphysalis flava ticks in Japan. Virus Res 2017; 242:131-140. [PMID: 28964878 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the course of tick-borne virus surveillance in Japan, three independent isolates of probably the same virus were obtained from three geographically distant populations of the hard tick Haemaphysalis flava. Genome analyses of the three isolates demonstrated that they were closely related but distinct strains of a novel virus, designated Tarumizu tick virus (TarTV), which has a genome of 12 double-stranded RNA segments. The development of the virus-induced cytopathic effects on BHK cells significantly varied according to virus strains. Ten out of 12 segments of TarTV appeared to encode putative orthologs or functional equivalents of viral proteins of Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) and Eyach virus, suggesting that TarTV is the third member of the genus Coltivirus in the family Reoviridae. This was supported by the facts that the 5'- and 3'-terminal consensus sequences of coltivirus genomes were found also in TarTV genome, and segment 9 of TarTV had sequence and structural features that may mediate a stop codon read-through as observed in that of CTFV. However, segment 7 and 10 of TarTV had no significant sequence similarities to any other proteins of known coltiviruses. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that TarTV particle had a non-enveloped bilayer icosahedral structure, and viral inclusion bodies were formed in infected cells. TarTV could infect and replicate in several mammalian cell lines tested, but show no clinical symptoms in intracerebrally inoculated mice. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into genetic diversity and evolution of the genus Coltivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ejiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Division of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinichi Noda
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamauchi
- Institute of National and Environmental Science, University of Hyogo/Museum of Nature and Human activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Madoka Horiya
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Gene Location, Expression, and Function of FNDC5 in Meishan Pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7886. [PMID: 28801552 PMCID: PMC5554266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a new muscular regulatory factor that is generated by the cleavage of its precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin promotes fat consumption due to its stimulatory role in the browning of the adipocytes in mice. Currently, there is no report on FNDC5 functions in pigs as model animals. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and functions of FNDC5 in Meishan pigs. Our results showed that FNDC5 gene in Meishan pigs contains five transcripts, all of which can be translated into functional intact irisin proteins. Porcine FNDC5 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, with the expression level being significantly higher during the embryonic and juvenile periods than in the adulthood stage. In vitro study showed that FNDC5 stimulates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of primary adipocytes isolated from Meishan pigs, and FNDC5 enhances the expression of browning marker genes during adipogenic differentiation. Our study was the first report on FNDC5 expression patterns and functions in pigs. Data from this study provide valuable information related to the study on FNDC5 functions and future development of novel treatment for obesity.
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Lee HJ, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Lee EK, Song BM, Lee HS, Choi KS. A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:786. [PMID: 28529504 PMCID: PMC5418332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, a viral hemagglutinating agent named UPO216 was isolated from fecal droppings of wild birds at the UPO wetland in South Korea during an avian influenza surveillance program. Electron microscopy identified the UPO216 virus as an avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Pathogenicity tests and molecular pathotyping revealed that the virus was avirulent in chickens. The UPO216 virus was assigned to a serological group antigenically distinct from known serotypes of APMV (−1, −2, −3, −4, −6, −7, −8, and −9) by hemagglutination inhibition test, despite showing weak cross-reactivity with APMV-1 and APMV-9. The UPO216 virus RNA genome is 15,180 nucleotides (nts) in length, encodes 3′-N-P(V/W)-M-F-HN-L-5′ in that order, and shows unique genetic characteristics in terms of genomic composition and evolutionary divergence (0.43 or greater from known serotypes of APMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the UPO216 occupies a branch separate from APMV-1, -9, -12, and -13. Serologic surveillance of wild birds (n = 880; 15 species, five Orders) detected UPO216-reactive antibodies in 4% (20/494) of serum samples taken from five species of wild duck belonging to the Order Anseriformes. In particular, UPO216-specific antibodies showing no cross-reaction with other serotypes of APMV were detected in four species: Eurasian teal (1/36), European wigeon (1/73), mallard (4/139), and Spot-Billed duck (1/137). These results indicate that the UPO216 virus has antigenically and genetically unique characteristics distinct from known serotypes of APMV and likely has been circulating widely in wild duck species of the Order Anseriformes. Thus, we propose the UPO216 isolate as a prototype strain of a novel APMV serotype (putative APMV-15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Animal Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Min Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine AgencyGimcheon-si, South Korea
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39
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Ren S, Xie X, Wang Y, Tong L, Gao X, Jia Y, Wang H, Fan M, Zhang S, Xiao S, Wang X, Yang Z. Molecular characterization of a Class I Newcastle disease virus strain isolated from a pigeon in China. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:408-17. [PMID: 26950543 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1153036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Constant monitoring is performed to elucidate the role of natural hosts in the ecology of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In this study, an NDV strain isolated from an asymptomatic pigeon was sequenced and analysed. Results showed that the full-length genomes of this isolate were 15,198 nucleotides with the gene order of 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. This NDV isolate was lentogenic, with an intracerebral pathogenicity index of 0.00 and a mean time of death more than 148 h. The isolate possessed a motif of -(112)E-R-Q-E-R-L(117)- at the F protein cleavage site. In addition, 7 and 13 amino acid substitutions were identified in the functional domains of fusion protein (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) proteins, respectively. Analysis of the amino acids of neutralizing epitopes of F and HN proteins showed 3 and 10 amino acid substitutions, respectively, in the isolate. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolate into genotype Ib in Class I. This isolate shared high homologies with the NDV strains isolated from wild birds and waterfowl in southern and eastern parts of China from 2005 to 2013. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a NDV strain isolated from pigeon that belongs to genotype Ib in Class I, rather than to the traditional genotype VI or other sub-genotypes in Class II. This study provides information to elucidate the distribution and evolution of Class I viruses for further NDV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Ren
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xie
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Tong
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Fan
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Xiao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , People's Republic of China
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40
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Genomic characterization of a wild-bird-origin pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) first isolated in the northwest region of China. Arch Virol 2016; 162:749-761. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Fujita R, Kuwata R, Kobayashi D, Bertuso AG, Isawa H, Sawabe K. Bustos virus, a new member of the negevirus group isolated from a Mansonia mosquito in the Philippines. Arch Virol 2016; 162:79-88. [PMID: 27671777 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We isolated two distinct viruses from mosquitoes collected in Bustos, Bulacan province, Philippines, in 2009. These viruses show rapid replication and strong cytopathic effects in mosquito C6/36 cells. Whole-genome analysis of these viruses demonstrated that both viruses belong to the negevirus group. One of the viruses, from Culex vishunui mosquitoes, is a new strain of Negev virus. The other virus, from a Mansonia sp. mosquito, is a new negevirus designated Bustos virus. Gene expression analysis of the Bustos virus revealed that infected cells contain viral subgenomic RNAs that probably include open reading frame (ORF) 2 or ORF3. Purified Bustos virus particles contained at least three proteins, and the major component (a probable major capsid protein) is encoded by ORF3. Bustos virus did not show infectivity in mammalian BHK-21 cells, suggesting that it is an insect-specific virus, like other known negeviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 16777-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Arlene Garcia Bertuso
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Ermita, 1000, Manila, Philippines
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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42
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 5 Strain APMV-5/budgerigar/Japan/TI/75. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e01005-16. [PMID: 27660785 PMCID: PMC5034136 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01005-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the avian paramyxovirus serotype 5 strain APMV-5/budgerigar/Japan/TI/75, which was determined using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The determined sequence shares 97% homology and similar genetic features with the previously known genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus serotype 5 strain APMV-5/budgerigar/Japan/Kunitachi/74.
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43
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Miller E. Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends for RNA Transcript Sequencing in Staphylococcus. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1373:169-83. [PMID: 26187203 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is a technique that was developed to swiftly and efficiently amplify full-length RNA molecules in which the terminal ends have not been characterized. Current usage of this procedure has been more focused on sequencing and characterizing RNA 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Herein is described an adapted RACE protocol to amplify bacterial RNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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44
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Matteau D, Rodrigue S. Precise Identification of Genome-Wide Transcription Start Sites in Bacteria by 5'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (5'-RACE). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1334:143-59. [PMID: 26404148 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2877-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcription start sites are commonly used to locate promoter elements in bacterial genomes. TSS were previously studied one gene at a time, often through 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE). This technique has now been adapted for high-throughput sequencing and can be used to precisely identify TSS in a genome-wide fashion for practically any bacterium, which greatly contributes to our understanding of gene regulatory networks in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Matteau
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Sébastien Rodrigue
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1.
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45
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Gillich N, Kuwata R, Isawa H, Horie M. Persistent natural infection of a Culex tritaeniorhynchus cell line with a novel Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus strain. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:562-6. [PMID: 26112738 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus (CTRV) is a mosquito virus that establishes persistent infection without any obvious cell death. Therefore, occult infection by CTRV can be present in mosquito cell lines. In this study, it is shown that NIID-CTR cells, which were derived from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, are persistently infected with a novel strain of CTRV. Complete genome sequencing of the infecting strain revealed that it is genetically similar but distinct from the previously isolated CTRV strain, excluding the possibility of contamination. These findings raise the importance of further CTRV studies, such as screening of CTRV in other mosquito cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gillich
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065.,Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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46
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Divergent bufavirus harboured in megabats represents a new lineage of parvoviruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24257. [PMID: 27113297 PMCID: PMC4845017 DOI: 10.1038/srep24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufavirus is a recently recognized member of the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae. It has been reported that human bufavirus was detected predominantly in patients with diarrhoea in several countries. However, little is known about bufavirus or its close relatives in nonhuman mammals. In this study, we performed nested-PCR screening and identified bufavirus from 12 megabats of Pteropus spp. in Indonesia. Furthermore, we determined nearly the full genome sequence of a novel megabat-borne bufavirus, tentatively named megabat bufavirus 1. Phylogenetic analyses showed that megabat bufavirus 1 clustered with known protoparvoviruses, including human bufavirus but represented a distinct lineage of bufavirus. Our analyses also inferred phylogenetic relationships among animal-borne bufaviruses recently reported by other studies. Recombination analyses suggested that the most common recent ancestor of megabat bufavirus 1 might have arisen from multiple genetic recombination events. These results characterized megabat bufavirus 1 as the first protoparvovirus discovered from megabats and indicates the high genetic divergence of bufavirus.
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47
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Yang L, Li W, Mao L, Hao F, Wang Z, Zhang W, Deng J, Jiang J. Analysis on the complete genome of a novel caprine parainfluenza virus 3. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 38:29-34. [PMID: 26631811 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) is one of the most important viral respiratory pathogens for humans and for many animals. One unique caprine PIV3 (CPIV3) strain named JS2013 was isolated in Chinese goat flocks with respiratory diseases in 2013. Now, the complete genome sequence of the strain JS2013 had been determined. A total of 15 overlapping DNA clones, covering the entire genome of the virus, were obtained by primer walking RT-PCR. The sequences of the 3' and 5' termini of the viral genome were amplified by 3' and 5' RACE. The viral genome was 15,618 nucleotides (nt) in length, which was consisted of six genes in the order 5'-leader-N-P/C/V-M-F-HN-L-tailer-3'. The junction sequences between two genes were highly conserved gene start and stop signal sequences, and trinucleotide intergenic regions (IGR) similar to those of other reported PIV3 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genomes of JS2013 with other strains of genus Respirovirus demonstrated that the JS2013 obviously differed from HPIV1, Sendai virus, HPIV3 and other reported BPIV3 genotypes. Further analysis of HN genes of JS2013 along with two more CPIV3 strains isolated later indicated that CPIV3 strains formed a separate cluster. The results presented here suggested that CPIV3 is a new member of the genus Respirovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiawu Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
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48
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Groseth A, Wollenberg KR, Mampilli V, Shupert T, Weisend C, Guevara C, Kochel TJ, Tesh RB, Ebihara H. Spatiotemporal analysis of Guaroa virus diversity, evolution, and spread in South America. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:460-3. [PMID: 25695188 PMCID: PMC4345823 DOI: 10.3201/eid2103.141351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted phylogeographic modeling to determine the introduction and spread of Guaroa virus in South America. The results suggest a recent introduction of this virus into regions of Peru and Bolivia over the past 60–70 years and emphasize the need for increased surveillance in surrounding areas.
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49
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Type II integral membrane protein, TM of J paramyxovirus promotes cell-to-cell fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12504-9. [PMID: 26392524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509476112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses include many important animal and human pathogens. Most paramyxoviruses have two integral membrane proteins: fusion protein (F) and attachment proteins hemagglutinin, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, or glycoprotein (G), which are critical for viral entry into cells. J paramyxovirus (JPV) encodes four integral membrane proteins: F, G, SH, and transmembrane (TM). The function of TM is not known. In this work, we have generated a viable JPV lacking TM (JPV∆TM). JPV∆TM formed opaque plaques compared with JPV. Quantitative syncytia assays showed that JPV∆TM was defective in promoting cell-to-cell fusion (i.e., syncytia formation) compared with JPV. Furthermore, cells separately expressing F, G, TM, or F plus G did not form syncytia whereas cells expressing F plus TM formed some syncytia. However, syncytia formation was much greater with coexpression of F, G, and TM. Biochemical analysis indicates that F, G, and TM interact with each other. A small hydrophobic region in the TM ectodomain from amino acid residues 118 to 132, the hydrophobic loop (HL), was important for syncytial promotion, suggesting that the TM HL region plays a critical role in cell-to-cell fusion.
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50
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Complete Genome Sequences of Lineage IV Peste des Petits Ruminants Viruses from the Indian Subcontinent. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01009-15. [PMID: 26358594 PMCID: PMC4566176 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01009-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequences of two virulent lineage IV peste des petits ruminants viruses (PPRVs) isolated from clinically infected goats in the Indian subcontinent are reported here. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of a virulent PPRV isolate from India in recent decades.
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