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Moya Fernández MB, Liu W, Zhang L, Hajano JUD, Wang X. Interplay of Rice Stripe Virus and Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus during Their Acquisition and Accumulation in Insect Vector. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061121. [PMID: 34200968 PMCID: PMC8230606 DOI: 10.3390/v13061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses transmitted by hemipteran vectors commonly cause losses to crop production. Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted to rice plants by the same vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in a persistent propagative manner. However, rarely do the respective diseases they cause occur simultaneously in a field. Here, we determined the acquisition efficiency of RSV and RBSDV when acquired in succession or simultaneously by SBPH. When RBSDV was acquired first, RSV acquisition efficiency was significantly lower than when only acquiring RSV. However, RBSDV acquisition efficiency from insects that acquired RSV first was not significantly different between the insects only acquiring RBSDV. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the acquisition of RBSDV first might inhibit RSV entry into midgut epithelial cells, but RSV did not affect RBSDV entry. SBPHs were more likely to acquire RBSDV when they were feeding on plants coinfected with the two viruses. When RBSDV was acquired before RSV, RBSDV titer was significantly higher and RSV titer first declined, then increased compared to when only acquiring RBSDV or RSV. Only 5% of the SBPHs acquired both viruses when feeding on plants coinfected with RSV and RBSDV. These results provide a better understanding of the interaction between two persistent viruses when present in the same vector insect and explain why RSV and RBSDV occur in intermittent epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Beatriz Moya Fernández
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.B.M.F.); (L.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.B.M.F.); (L.Z.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.B.M.F.); (L.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.B.M.F.); (L.Z.); (X.W.)
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Hajano JUD, Raza A, Zhang L, Liu W, Wang X. Ribavirin targets sugar transporter 6 to suppress acquisition and transmission of rice stripe tenuivirus by its vector Laodelphax striatellus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4086-4092. [PMID: 32542993 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) is one of the most destructive pathogens of rice and other cereal crops. The virus is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative-propagative manner. Thus, blocking transmission by the insect vector would provide an effective strategy to prevent epidemic outbreaks of the disease. RESULTS In this study, we explored the effect of ribavirin on acquisition and transmission of the virus by specifically inhibiting the expression of sugar transporter 6 (LsSt-6), which was recently reported as a key vector component for RSV transmission. Ribavirin at the highest concentration tested (250 μmol L-1 ) significantly reduced RSV acquisition and transmission efficiency by SBPHs through inhibiting LsSt-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Survival of the model insect Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9) was 95.0 ± 2.2 and 85.6 ± 2.1% after exposure to 250 μmol L-1 ribavirin or 8-azaguanine, respectively. Further study confirmed that 250 μmol L-1 ribavirin also significantly reduced LsSt-6 mRNA and protein levels in Sf9 cells. However, 8-azaguanine did not significantly inhibit viral infectivity and LsSt-6 mRNA levels in SBPH or the Sf9 cell line. CONCLUSION This result provides evidence that ribavirin has the potential to disrupt LsSt-6 expression but not others like viral RNAs to prevent acquiring RSV, which leads to less viral accumulation in SBPH tissues and thereby lower transmission efficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Raza
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao MH, Zheng XX, Liu JP, Zeng YY, Yang FL, Wu G. Time-dependent stress evidence in dynamic allocation of physiological metabolism of Nilaparvata lugens in response to elevated CO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114767. [PMID: 32447170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the time-dependent stress evidence in dynamic allocation of physiological metabolism of Nilaparvata lugens nymphs in response to elevated CO2, we measured the time-dependent allocation of nutrient compositions and physiological metabolism in the bodies of N. lugens at 1h, 4h and 12h under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of nutrient compositions (protein, glucose and total amino acids) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity in the body of N. lugens at 12h relative to 1h and 4h (P < 0.05). Significantly higher genes expression levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), heat shock protein (HSP70) and vitellogenin gene (vg) were observed in the body of N. lugens compared with those in ambient CO2 at 4h (P < 0.05). These results showed that there was an instantaneous reaction of N. lugens nymphs to elevated CO2, which indicated N. lugens may enhance stress defense response to future increasing CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hua Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao-Xu Zheng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yun-Yun Zeng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Huang DQ, Chen R, Wang YQ, Hong J, Zhou XP, Wu JX. Development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of Rice stripe virus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:343-354. [PMID: 30932379 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes dramatic losses in rice production worldwide. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 16E6 and 11C1 against RSV and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip were developed for specific, sensitive, and rapid detection of RSV in rice plant and planthopper samples. The MAb 16E6 was conjugated with colloidal gold and the MAb 11C1 was coated on the test line of the nitrocellulose membrane of the test strip. The specificity of the test strip was confirmed by a positive reaction to RSV-infected rice plants and small brown planthopper (SBPH), and negative reactions to five other rice viruses, healthy rice plants, four other vectors of five rice viruses, and non-viruliferous SBPH. Sensitivity analyses showed that the test strip could detect the virus in RSV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted to 1:20 480 (w/v, g/mL), and in individual viruliferous SBPH homogenate diluted to 1:2560 (individual SPBH/μL). The validity of the developed strip was further confirmed by tests using field-collected rice and SBPH samples. This newly developed test strip is a low-cost, fast, and easy-to-use tool for on-site detection of RSV infection during field epidemiological studies and paddy field surveys, and thus can benefit decision-making for RSV management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li J, Zhao W, Wang W, Zhang L, Cui F. Evaluation of Rice stripe virus transmission efficiency by quantification of viral load in the saliva of insect vector. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1979-1985. [PMID: 30609247 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent plant viruses transfer from insect gut to the hemolymph, and finally to the salivary glands before inoculation into the plant hosts with saliva during insect feeding. Virus accumulation in saliva is an important indicator for the transmission ability of an insect vector. In order to evaluate the transmission ability of the small brown planthopper to rice stripe virus (RSV), we successfully measured accumulation of RSV in the saliva of planthoppers via the absolute real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method by quantifying the copy numbers of viral genes. RESULTS After feeding on an artificial diet for 24 h, the copy numbers of viral genes of capsid protein (CP) and disease-specific protein (SP) can be detected in the saliva collected from as few as ten viruliferous planthoppers and ten non-viruliferous planthoppers after infected with RSV for 7 days. When the expression of planthopper G protein pathway suppressor 2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase was knocked down, the copy numbers of CP and SP in the saliva varied accordingly. CONCLUSION Our study provided an accurate and convenient detection system to evaluate the transmission efficiency of RSV by small brown planthoppers, and this method may also be suitable for other persistent plant viruses. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Distinct replication and gene expression strategies of the Rice Stripe virus in vector insects and host plants. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:877-888. [PMID: 30990404 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent propagative plant viruses are usually transmitted between a vector insect and a host plant. To adapt to the two different organisms, viruses may show distinct genomic replication or gene expression patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we applied an aboslute real-time quantitative PCR method to measure and compare the replication levels of four genomic RNA segments and the expression levels of seven genes of rice stripe virus (RSV) according to the infection time in the small brown planthopper and rice plant, respectively. In the vector insect, RNA3 began replicating later than the other segments, and RNA2 remained nearly constant during the infection process. RNA1 was the dominant segment, and a difference of over 300-fold appeared among the four segments. In rice plants, the size of the four segments increased with infection time, but decreased to a low level in the late infection period. The ratios of the four segments varied by no more than 15-fold. In planthoppers, three expression patterns were observed for the seven viral genes during viral infection, while in rice plants, the expression patterns of the seven viral genes were similar. These results reflect distinct genomic replication and gene expression patterns in a persistent propagative plant virus in adapting to vector insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 2Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- 3Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, PR China
- 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Renyi Liu
- 5College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Okuda M, Shiba T, Hirae M, Masunaka A, Takeshita M. Analysis of Symptom Development in Relation to Quantity of Rice stripe virus in Rice (Oryza sativa) to Simplify Evaluation of Resistance. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:701-707. [PMID: 30328779 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-18-0277-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of rice (Oryza sativa) in rice-growing regions of East Asia. We analyzed the increase in RSV accumulation in infected rice plants over time and evaluated the association between disease severity and RSV accumulation with the aim of establishing an experimental system for accurate and efficient evaluation of RSV resistance in rice. As an index of RSV accumulation in plants, relative concentration of RNA corresponding to the coat protein gene region was measured using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actin and elongation factor 1a were used as the host reference genes. RSV concentrations tended to increase with time from 7 to 28 days after inoculation, and a strong positive correlation was observed between the log RSV concentrations in the midsections of the uppermost leaves and in the stems at the first leaf sheath position. We analyzed RSV concentrations at these two locations 21 days after inoculation with RSV and assessed severity of disease symptoms based on a commonly used scale (Washio's six-grade scale) rated as A (most severe), B, Bt, C, Cr, or D (mild symptoms). RSV concentrations at both locations were high in plants graded A, B, or Bt, with no significant difference in concentration of RSV among the three grades, but concentrations were significantly higher in the three grades compared with that in the plants in grade D. RSV concentrations were highly variable among plants in grades C and Cr. On the basis of these data, we propose a new formula to estimate the range of disease severities with greater ease and practical value. The values calculated by the new formula corresponded well to those based on Washio's six-grade scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Okuda
- 1 Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiba
- 1 Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirae
- 1 Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Akira Masunaka
- 2 Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan; and
| | - Minoru Takeshita
- 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
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Shirima RR, Maeda DG, Kanju E, Ceasar G, Tibazarwa FI, Legg JP. Absolute quantification of cassava brown streak virus mRNA by real-time qPCR. J Virol Methods 2017; 245:5-13. [PMID: 28315718 PMCID: PMC5429390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is the most important virus disease of cassava and a major food security threat in Africa. Yearly economic losses of up to $100 million USD have been attributed to CBSD. The lack of information on plant-virus interactions has restricted progress in breeding for CBSD resistance. Virus quantification is becoming a major tool for the quick and reliable assessment of plant host resistance. Therefore, a protocol for specific absolute quantification of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) was developed. CBSV and UCBSV coat protein (CP) specific standard templates: CBSV (pFer2, 826bp) and UCBSV (pUF1-R1-1, 732) respectively were generated and maintained in a TA cloning vector. These were used to construct standard curves using a TaqMan qPCR assay. Standard curves with acceptable amplification efficiencies (90-105%) and coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.99 were obtained. Infected cassava plants were sampled from a screenhouse and the field and used to validate this assay. Results obtained by testing several screenhouse and field samples revealed consistent absolute quantification assays for different CBSV and UCBSV isolates. This study presents the first protocol for absolute quantification of CBSVs and is expected to accelerate screening for CBSD resistance and hence breeding for CBSD resistance. The use of the method presented here should improve the clarity of virus quantification data as the results obtained are not influenced by varietal, host, seasonal or environmental conditions. Screening efficiency will also be greatly improved as there is no need for the use of reference genes consequently allowing for a larger number of samples to be analyzed. This will increase experimental precision in a timely and cost effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph R Shirima
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Daniel G Maeda
- University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Edward Kanju
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gloria Ceasar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Flora I Tibazarwa
- Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4302, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Okuda M, Shiba T, Hirae M. Quantitative analysis of Rice stripe virus in a transovarial transmission cycle during the development and reproduction of its vector, Laodelphax striatellus. Virus Genes 2017; 53:898-905. [PMID: 28589385 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amount of Rice stripe virus (RSV) maintained through transovarial transmission was analyzed during the development and reproduction of its vector, Laodelphax striatellus. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis was used to quantify RNA expressed from the RSV coat protein (CP) gene as an estimate of RSV content in nymphs and adults of L. striatellus at various developmental stages. The 18S ribosome RNA gene of L. striatellus was chosen as the reference for calculating RSV CP expression using the comparative Ct method. Based on the CP transcript levels, the amount of RSV did not differ significantly throughout the nymphal stage or between adult females of different ages; however, RSV content tended to increase slightly as males became older. The average RSV content in males was 1.30-2.49 times that in females. The amount of RSV in L. striatellus adults was compared between generations. The RSV content of female adults did not differ significantly between the parent and progeny populations three of three different females. L. striatellus grown to adults on a susceptible cultivar and five RSV-resistant cultivars were compared to analyze whether the amount of RSV varied among cultivars. Although the amount of RSV in L. striatellus adults differed significantly among the six rice cultivars evaluated, the difference seemed independent of whether resistance genes were present. In addition, the percentage of viruliferous insects was similar among cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Okuda
- Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Takuya Shiba
- Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirae
- Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-18 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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10
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Xu Q, Liu H, Yuan P, Zhang X, Chen Q, Jiang X, Zhou Y. Development of a simplified RT-PCR without RNA isolation for rapid detection of RNA viruses in a single small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén). Virol J 2017; 14:90. [PMID: 28468626 PMCID: PMC5415734 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small brown planthopper (SBPH) is an important pest of cereal crops and acts as a transmission vector for multiple RNA viruses. Rapid diagnosis of virus in the vector is crucial for efficient forecast and control of viral disease. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for virus detection. The traditional RT-PCR contains a RNA isolation step and is widely used for virus detection in insect. However, using the traditional RT-PCR for detecting RNA virus in individual SBPHs becomes challenging because of the expensive reagents and laborious procedure associated with RNA isolation when processing a large number of samples. RESULTS We established a simplified RT-PCR method without RNA isolation for RNA virus detection in a single SBPH. This method is achieved by grinding a single SBPH in sterile water and using the crude extract directly as the template for RT-PCR. The crude extract containing the virus RNA can be prepared in approximately two minutes. Rice stripe virus (RSV), rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Himetobi P virus (HiPV) were successfully detected using this simplified method. The detection results were validated by sequencing and dot immunobinding assay, indicating that this simplified method is reliable for detecting different viruses in insects. The evaluation of the sensitivity of this method showed that both RSV and HiPV can be detected when the cDNA from the crude extract was diluted up to 103 fold. Compared to the traditional RT-PCR with RNA isolation, the simplified RT-PCR method greatly reduces the sample processing time, decreases the detection cost, and improves the efficiency by avoiding RNA isolation. CONCLUSIONS A simplified RT-PCR method is developed for rapid detection of RNA virus in a single SBPH without the laborious RNA isolation step. It offers a convenient alternative to the traditional RT-PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanli Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Liu B, Qin F, Liu W, Wang X. Differential proteomics profiling of the ova between healthy and Rice stripe virus-infected female insects of Laodelphax striatellus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27216. [PMID: 27277140 PMCID: PMC4899684 DOI: 10.1038/srep27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus-infected females of the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) usually lay fewer eggs with a longer hatch period, low hatchability, malformation and retarded or defective development compared with healthy females. To explore the molecular mechanism of those phenomena, we analyzed the differential proteomics profiling of the ova between viruliferous and healthy female insects using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. We obtained 147 differentially accumulated proteins: 98 (66.7%) proteins increased, but 49 (33.3%) decreased in the ova of the viruliferous females. RT-qPCR was used to verify the 12 differential expressed proteins from iTRAQ, finding that trends in the transcriptional change for the 12 genes were consistent with those at the proteomic level. Differentially expressed proteins that were associated with meiosis (serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B and cyclin B3) and mitosis (cyclin B3 and dynein heavy chain) in viruliferous ova may contribute to low hatchability and defective or retarded development. Alterations in the abundance of proteins involved in the respiratory chain and nutrition metabolism may affect embryonic development. Our study begins to explain macroscopical developmental phenomena and explore the mechanisms by which Rice stripe virus impacts the development of SBPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Faliang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Wang B, Hajano JUD, Ren Y, Lu C, Wang X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of rice leaves infected by Rice stripe virus reveals several proteins involved in symptom formation. Virol J 2015; 12:99. [PMID: 26113023 PMCID: PMC4489111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rice plants infected by Rice stripe virus (RSV) usually leads to chlorosis and death of newly emerged leaves. However, the mechanism of RSV-induced these symptoms was not clear. Methods We used an iTRAQ approach for a quantitative proteomics comparison of non-infected and infected rice leaves. RT-qPCR and Northern blot analyses were performed for assessing the transcription of candidate genes. Results As a whole, 681 (65.8 % downregulated, 34.2 % upregulated infected vs. non-infected) differentially accumulated proteins were identified. A bioinformatics analysis indicated that ten of these regulated proteins are involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and three in cell death processes. Subsequent RT-qPCR results showed that downregulation of magnesium chelatase was due to reduced expression levels of the genes encoding subunits CHLI and CHLD, which resulted in chlorophyll reduction involved in leaf chlorosis. Three aspartic proteases expressed higher in RSV-infected leaves than those in the control leaves, which were also implicated in RSV-induced cell death. Northern blot analyses of CHLI and p0026h03.19 confirmed the RT-qPCR results. Conclusions The magnesium chelatase and aspartic proteases may be associated with RSV-induced leaf chlorosis and cell death, respectively. The findings may yield new insights into mechanisms underlying rice stripe disease symptom formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0328-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingdang Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Chuantao Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China.
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13
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Quantification of southern rice black streaked dwarf virus and rice black streaked dwarf virus in the organs of their vector and nonvector insect over time. Virus Res 2015; 208:146-55. [PMID: 26116274 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are serious rice-infecting reoviruses, which are transmitted by different planthoppers in a persistent propagative manner. In this study, we quantitatively compared the spatial distribution of SRBSDV and RBSDV contents over time in their vector and nonvector insects using real time-PCR. Genome equivalent copies (GEC) were assessed every 2 days from 0 to 14 days after a 3-days acquisition access period (AAP) on infected plants. Results revealed 293.2±21.6 to 404.1±46.4 SRBSDV GEC/ng total RNA in whole body of white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) at day 0 and 12 and 513.5±88.4 to 816.8±110.7 RBSDV GEC/ng total RNA in the whole body of small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) at day 0 and 14, respectively, after 3-days AAP. Highest GEC of both viruses were found in the gut of their respective vectors. Although SRBSDV was detected in the gut of SBPH, it did not spread into the hemolymph or other organs. After an 8-day latent period, the transmission efficiency of SRBSDV and RBSDV by their respective vectors was significantly positively correlated with GEC in the salivary gland (r(2)=0.7808, P=0.0036 and r(2)=0.9351, P<0.0001, respectively, at α=0.05). Together, these results confirm that accumulation of >200 SRBSDV or RBSDV GEC/ng total RNA in the gut of vector, indicated threshold for further spread and the virus content in the salivary gland was significantly correlated with transmission efficiency by their respective vectors.
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14
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Liu W, Gray S, Huo Y, Li L, Wei T, Wang X. Proteomic Analysis of Interaction between a Plant Virus and Its Vector Insect Reveals New Functions of Hemipteran Cuticular Protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2229-42. [PMID: 26091699 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous viruses can be transmitted by their corresponding vector insects; however, the molecular mechanisms enabling virus transmission by vector insects have been poorly understood, especially the identity of vector components interacting with the virus. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to study proteomic interactions of a plant virus (Rice stripe virus, RSV, genus Tenuivirus) with its vector insect, small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus). Sixty-six proteins of L. striatellus that interacted with the nucleocapsid protein (pc3) of RSV were identified. A virus-insect interaction network, constructed for pc3 and 29 protein homologs of Drosophila melanogaster, suggested that nine proteins might directly interact with pc3. Of the 66 proteins, five (atlasin, a novel cuticular protein, jagunal, NAC domain protein, and vitellogenin) were most likely to be involved in viral movement, replication, and transovarial transmission. This work also provides evidence that the novel cuticular protein, CPR1, from L. striatellus is essential for RSV transmission by its vector insect. CPR1 binds the nucleocapsid protein (pc3) of RSV both in vivo and in vitro and colocalizes with RSV in the hemocytes of L. striatellus. Knockdown of CPR1 transcription using RNA interference resulted in a decrease in the concentration of RSV in the hemolymph, salivary glands and in viral transmission efficiency. These data suggest that CPR1 binds RSV in the insect and stabilizes the viral concentration in the hemolymph, perhaps to protect the virus or to help move the virus to the salivary tissues. Our studies provide direct experimental evidence that viruses can use existing vector proteins to aid their survival in the hemolymph. Identifying these putative vector molecules should lead to a better understanding of the interactions between viruses and vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Stewart Gray
- §USDA, ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yan Huo
- ¶State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; §USDA, ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; ¶State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
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15
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Pappi PG, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI, Efthimiou KE, Katis NI. Development of one-tube real-time qRT-PCR and evaluation of RNA extraction methods for the detection of Eggplant mottled dwarf virus in different species. J Virol Methods 2015; 212:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Li S, Wang X, Xu J, Ji Y, Zhou Y. A simplified method for simultaneous detection of Rice stripe virus and Rice black-streaked dwarf virus in insect vector. J Virol Methods 2014; 211:32-5. [PMID: 25455902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) and Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted by their common vector small brown planthopper (SBPH) that cause serious crop losses in China. A simple reverse transcription-PCR method was developed for the simultaneous detection of RSV and RBSDV in single SBPH. Three primers targeted to RSV-RNA4 and RBSDV-S2 segments were designed to amplify respectively 1114-bp and 414-bp fragments in a reaction. The method is reliable, rapid and inexpensive for detecting the two viruses in vector, which could facilitate better forecasting and control of the virus diseases. Using this method, it was found that SBPH could carry RSV and RBSDV simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Mészáros I, Tóth R, Bálint Á, Dán Á, Jordan I, Zádori Z. Propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:379-86. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.939941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Xu L, Wu M, Han Z. Biochemical and molecular characterisation and cross-resistance in field and laboratory chlorpyrifos-resistant strains of Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from eastern China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1118-1129. [PMID: 24115461 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory selection is often employed in resistance mechanism studies because field-derived populations commonly do not have high enough resistance for such studies. In the present study, a field-collected Laodelphax striatellus population from eastern China was laboratory selected for chlorpyrifos resistance and susceptibility, and the developed strains, along with a field population, were studied for cross-resistance and resistance mechanisms at biochemical and molecular levels. RESULTS A 158.58-fold chlorpyrifos-resistant strain (JH-chl) and a chlorpyrifos-susceptible strain (JHS) were established after laboratory selection of 25 generations. Cross-resistance to deltamethrin, diazinon, methomyl, carbosulfan, acephate and imidacloprid were detected in JH-chl and a field-collected strain (JHF). Synergism and enzyme activity data suggested potential involvement of P450s and esterases in JH-chl as well as AChE alteration. Furthermore, CYP6AY3v2, CYP306A2v2, CYP353D1v2 and LSCE36 genes were significantly overexpressed in JH-chl (6.87-12.14-fold). Feeding of dsRNAs reduced the expression of the four target genes (35.6-56.8%) and caused significant adult mortality (75.21-88.45%), implying resistance reduction. However, mechanism(s) conferring chlorpyrifos resistance in JHF were unclear. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous reports, multiple overexpressed detoxification genes were potentially associated with chlorpyrifos resistance, as confirmed by RNAi feeding tests. Chlorpyrifos resistance exhibits cross-resistance with insecticides in the same and different classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Wu K, Liu W, Mar T, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang X. Sequencing and validation of reference genes to analyze endogenous gene expression and quantify yellow dwarf viruses using RT-qPCR in viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97038. [PMID: 24810421 PMCID: PMC4014588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), an important pest of cereal crops, not only directly sucks sap from plants, but also transmits a number of plant viruses, collectively the yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs). For quantifying changes in gene expression in vector aphids, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a touchstone method, but the selection and validation of housekeeping genes (HKGs) as reference genes to normalize the expression level of endogenous genes of the vector and for exogenous genes of the virus in the aphids is critical to obtaining valid results. Such an assessment has not been done, however, for R. padi and YDVs. Here, we tested three algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) to assess the suitability of candidate reference genes (EF-1α, ACT1, GAPDH, 18S rRNA) in 6 combinations of YDV and vector aphid morph. EF-1α and ACT1 together or in combination with GAPDH or with GAPDH and 18S rRNA could confidently be used to normalize virus titre and expression levels of endogenous genes in winged or wingless R. padi infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus isolates (BYDV)-PAV and BYDV-GAV. The use of only one reference gene, whether the most stably expressed (EF-1α) or the least stably expressed (18S rRNA), was not adequate for obtaining valid relative expression data from the RT-qPCR. Because of discrepancies among values for changes in relative expression obtained using 3 regions of the same gene, different regions of an endogenous aphid gene, including each terminus and the middle, should be analyzed at the same time with RT-qPCR. Our results highlight the necessity of choosing the best reference genes to obtain valid experimental data and provide several HKGs for relative quantification of virus titre in YDV-viruliferous aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thithi Mar
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (YW)
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (YW)
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20
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Sun N, Deng C, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Ge G, Liu Y, Yan W, Xia Q. Extraction of total nucleic acid based on silica-coated magnetic particles for RT-qPCR detection of plant RNA virus/viroid. J Virol Methods 2014; 196:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Uehara-Ichiki T, Shiba T, Matsukura K, Ueno T, Hirae M, Sasaya T. Detection and diagnosis of rice-infecting viruses. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:289. [PMID: 24130554 PMCID: PMC3793123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice-infecting viruses have caused serious damage to rice production in Asian, American, and African countries, where about 30 rice viruses and diseases have been reported. To control these diseases, developing accurate, quick methods to detect and diagnose the viruses in the host plants and any insect vectors of the viruses is very important. Based on an antigen-antibody reaction, serological methods such as latex agglutination reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have advanced to detect viral particles or major proteins derived from viruses. They aid in forecasting disease and surveying disease spread and are widely used for virus detection at plant protection stations and research laboratories. From the early 2000s, based on sequence information for the target virus, several other methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification have been developed that are sensitive, rapid, and able to differentiate closely related viruses. Recent techniques such as real-time RT-PCR can be used to quantify the pathogen in target samples and monitor population dynamics of a virus, and metagenomic analyses using next-generation sequencing and microarrays show potential for use in the diagnosis of rice diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Uehara-Ichiki
- Classification and Evaluation Research Unit, Genetic Resources Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiba
- Plant Protection Division, Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Matsukura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKoshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueno
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection CenterKodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirae
- Plant Protection Division, Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKoshi, Kumamoto, Japan
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22
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Zhao Z, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Liang P, Ma Y, Li S, Wang H. A duplex, SYBR Green I-based RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and Cherry green ring mottle virus in peach. Virol J 2013; 10:255. [PMID: 23938201 PMCID: PMC3751145 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-infections of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) in peach is common in China and have resulted in significant yield reductions. A reliable, sensitive and quantitive method is needed to detect and distinguish between ACLSV and CGRMV in peach. Findings We developed a sensitive and specific SYBR Green-I based RT-qPCR for the quantification of ACLSV and CGRMV in different peach tissues, and a duplex RT-qPCR system to detect ACLSV and CGRMV simultaneously. The RT-qPCR method was optimized using standard samples transcribed by the T7 Large Scale RNA Production System in vitro. The peach genes, RNA Polymerase subunit II (RPII) and Ubiquitin 10 (UBQ10), which were used as the internal controls for the quantification assay also showed good expression stability in this system. Single RT-qPCR assays showed that CGRMV in peach accumulates to a higher level than ACLSV. The detection limits of the duplex RT-qPCR assay were 102 and 104 copies for ACLSV and CGRMV, respectively. The sensitivity of the duplex RT-qPCR was as high as RT-qPCR and higher than RT-PCR. Conclusions The SYBR Green-I RT-qPCR assay provided a sensitive, specific and reliable method for the detection and quantification of ACLSV and CGRMV in different peach tissues. The duplex RT-qPCR system provided a sensitive and specific method to detect and differentiate between ACLSV and CGRMV in a single sample. This RT-qPCR assay could be a useful tool for the routine diagnosis of these two viruses and for disease epidemiology studies in peach orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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23
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Puglia ALP, Rezende AG, Jorge SAC, Wagner R, Pereira CA, Astray RM. Quantitative RT-PCR for titration of replication-defective recombinant Semliki Forest virus. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:647-52. [PMID: 23933080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus titration may constitute a drawback in the development and use of replication-defective viral vectors like Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The standardization and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method for SFV titration is presented here. The qRT-PCR target is located within the nsp1 gene of the non-structural polyprotein SFV region (SFV RNA), which allows the strategy to be used for several different recombinant SFV constructs. Titer determinations were carried out by performing virus titration and infection assays with SFVs containing an RNA coding region for the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Results showed that the standardized qRT-PCR is applicable for different SFV constructs, and showed good reproducibility. To evaluate the correlation between the amount of functional SFV RNA in a virus lot and its infectivity in BHK-21 cell cultures, a temperature mediated titer decrease was performed and successfully quantitated by qRT-PCR. When used for cell infection at the same multiplicity of infection (MOI), the temperature treated SFV-RVGP samples induced the same levels of RVGP expression. Similarly, when different SFV-GFP lots with different virus titers, as accessed by qRT-PCR, were used for cell infection at the same MOI, the cultures showed comparable amounts of fluorescent cells. The data demonstrate a good correlation between the amount of virus used for infection, as measured by its SFV RNA, and the protein synthesis in the cells. In conclusion, the qRT-PCR method developed here is accurate and enables the titration of replication-defective SFV vectors, an essential aid for viral vector development as well as for establishment of production bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L P Puglia
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CP 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu W, Zhao X, Zhang P, Mar TT, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang X. A one step real-time RT-PCR assay for the quantitation of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Virol J 2013; 10:173. [PMID: 23725024 PMCID: PMC3685539 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is an important pathogen in China and other countries. It is the member of the genus Bymovirus and transmitted primarily by Polymyxa graminis. The incidence of wheat infections in endemic areas has risen in recent years. Prompt and dependable identification of WYMV is a critical component of response to suspect cases. METHODS In this study, a one step real-time RT-PCR, followed by standard curve analysis for the detection and identification of WYMV, was developed. Two reference genes, 18s RNA and β-actin were selected in order to adjust the veracity of the real-time RT-PCR assay. RESULTS We developed a one-step Taqman-based real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay targeting the conserved region of the 879 bp long full-length WYMV coat protein gene. The accuracy of normalized data was analyzed along with appropriate internal control genes: β-actin and 18s rRNA which were included in detecting of WYMV-infected wheat leaf tissues. The detectable end point sensitivity in RT-qPCR assay was reaching the minimum limit of the quantitative assay and the measurable copy numbers were about 30 at 10⁶-fold dilution of total RNA. This value was close to 10⁴-fold more sensitive than that of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. More positive samples were detected by RT-qPCR assay than gel-based RT-PCR when detecting the suspected samples collected from 8 regions of China. Based on presented results, RT-qPCR will provide a valuable method for the quantitative detection of WYMV. CONCLUSIONS The Taqman-based RT-qPCR assay is a faster, simpler, more sensitive and less expensive procedure for detection and quantification of WYMV than other currently used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Thi Thi Mar
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- Department of Plant Pathology and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang P, Mar TT, Liu W, Li L, Wang X. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) by duplex real time RT-PCR. Virol J 2013; 10:24. [PMID: 23331990 PMCID: PMC3610162 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diseases caused by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have been occurring epidemically in China and southeastern Asia in recent years. A sensitive, reliable and quantitative method is required to detect and distinguish for RBSDV and SRBSDV in rice and vector insects. RESULTS We developed a sensitive and lineage-specific duplex real time RT-qPCR for detection of RBSDV and SRBSDV in a single or/and double infection in rice samples. The duplex RT-qPCR was optimized using standard samples transcribed by T7 Large Scale RNA Production System in vitro. We developed a reliable system for duplex RT-qPCR, in which its co-efficiency of RBSDV and SRBSDV, were 91.6% and 90.7%, respectively. The coefficient of determination was more than 0.990; the slope of linear equation was -3.542, and -3.567, respectively. Out of 30 samples collected in North and Central China, which were suspected to be infected with these two viruses, 10 samples were detected RBSDV positive by RT-PCR and 12 samples by RT-qPCR. No mixed infections were found. Simultaneously, out of total 60 samples collected from Southern China, which were also suspected to be infected with these two viruses, 41 samples were determined SRBSDV positive by RT-PCR and 47 samples by RT-qPCR. Also in this case no mixed infections were found. The rice genes eEF-1a and UBQ5 were selected as internal controls for quantification assay also performed as good expression stability. CONCLUSION The duplex RT-qPCR assay provided as a sufficiently sensitive, specific, accurate, reproducible and rapid tool for the detection and differentiation of RBSDV and SRBSDV. The RT-qPCR assay can be used in routine diagnostic of these two viruses in order to study the disease epidemiology in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thi Thi Mar
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
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Development of SYBR Green I based real-time PCR assays for quantitative detection of Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Rice tungro spherical virus. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Moraes AM, Jorge SAC, Astray RM, Suazo CAT, Calderón Riquelme CE, Augusto EFP, Tonso A, Pamboukian MM, Piccoli RAM, Barral MF, Pereira CA. Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells for expression of heterologous genes: From gene cloning to bioprocess development. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:613-28. [PMID: 22079894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present review we discuss strategies that have been used for heterologous gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) cells using plasmid vectors. Since the growth of S2 cells is not dependent on anchorage to solid substrates, these cells can be easily cultured in suspension in large volumes. The factors that most affect the growth and gene expression of S2 cells, namely cell line, cell passage, inoculum concentration, culture medium, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, hydrodynamic forces and toxic metabolites, are discussed by comparison with other insect and mammalian cells. Gene expression, cell metabolism, culture medium formulation and parameters involved in cellular respiration are particularly emphasized. The experience of the authors with the successful expression of a biologically functional protein, the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP), by recombinant S2 cells is presented in the topics covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Moraes
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e de Bioprocessos, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Li X, Bai H, Wang X, Li L, Cao Y, Wei J, Liu Y, Liu L, Gong X, Wu L, Liu S, Liu G. Identification and validation of rice reference proteins for western blotting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4763-72. [PMID: 21705388 PMCID: PMC3192993 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of rice protein expression have increased considerably with the development of rice functional genomics. In order to obtain reliable expression results in western blotting, information on appropriate reference proteins is necessary for data normalization. To date, no published study has identified and systematically validated reference proteins suitable for the investigation of rice protein expression. In this study, nine candidate proteins were selected and their specific antibodies were obtained through immunization of rabbits with either recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli or synthesized peptides. Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of target proteins in a set of 10 rice samples representing different rice tissues/organs at different developmental stages. The expression stability of the proteins was analysed using geNorm and Microcal Origin 6.0 software. The results indicated that heat shock protein (HSP) and elongation factor 1-α (eEF-1α) were the most constantly expressed among all rice proteins tested throughout all developmental stages, while the proteins encoded by conventional internal reference genes fluctuated in amount. Comparison among the profiling of translation and transcription [expressed sequence tags (EST) and massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS)] revealed that a correlation existed. Based on the standard curves derived from the antigen-antibody reaction, the concentrations of HSP and eEF-1α proteins in rice leaves were ∼0.12%. Under the present experimental conditions, the lower limits of detection for HSP and eEF-1α proteins in rice were 0.24 ng and 0.06 ng, respectively. In conclusion, the reference proteins selected in this study, and the corresponding antibodies, can be used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of rice proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101318, China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Liyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jian Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101318, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101318, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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29
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Maroniche GA, Sagadín M, Mongelli VC, Truol GA, del Vas M. Reference gene selection for gene expression studies using RT-qPCR in virus-infected planthoppers. Virol J 2011; 8:308. [PMID: 21679431 PMCID: PMC3142240 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Planthoppers not only severely affect crops by causing mechanical damage when feeding but are also vectors of several plant virus species. The analysis of gene expression in persistently infected planthoppers might unveil the molecular basis of viral transmission. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the most accurate and sensitive method used for quantitative gene expression analysis. In order to normalize the resulting quantitative data, reference genes with constant expression during the experimental procedures are needed. Results Partial sequences of the commonly used reference genes actin (ACT), α1-tubulin (TUB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1A), ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18) and polyubiquitin C (UBI) from Delphacodes kuscheli, a planthopper capable of persistently transmitting the plant fijivirus Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV), were isolated for the first time. Specific RT-qPCR primers were designed and the expression stability of these genes was assayed in MRCV-infective and naïve planthoppers using geNorm, Normfinder and BestKeeper tools. The overall analysis showed that UBI, followed by 18S and ACT, are the most suitable genes as internal controls for quantitative gene expression studies in MRCV-infective planthoppers, while TUB and EF1A are the most variable ones. Moreover, EF1A was upregulated by MRCV infection. Conclusions A RT-qPCR platform for gene expression analysis in the MRCV-infected planthopper vector Delphacodes kuscheli was developed. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in virus-infected insects, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies on MRCV and other virus-planthopper pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Maroniche
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham CP 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Le DT, Netsu O, Uehara-Ichiki T, Shimizu T, Choi IR, Omura T, Sasaya T. Molecular detection of nine rice viruses by a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 2010; 170:90-3. [PMID: 20837064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was established for the detection of nine viruses from infected rice plants, including rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), rice dwarf virus (RDV), rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV), rice stripe virus (RSV), rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), and rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). Virus-specific primer sets were designed from the genome sequences of these viruses. By the combination of RNA rapid extraction and RT-LAMP, these nine viruses could be detected within 2h from infected rice plants. The sensitivities of the assays were either higher than (for RSV, RTBV, and RTYV) or similar (for RDV) to those of one-step RT-PCR. Furthermore, RTBV and RTSV were detected not only in infected rice plants but also in viruliferous insect vectors. The RT-LAMP assays may facilitate studies on rice disease epidemiology, outbreak surveillance, and molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- Research Team for Vector-Borne Diseases, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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31
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Zhang X, Zhou G, Wang X. Detection of wheat dwarf virus (WDV) in wheat and vector leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus Dahlb.) by real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 2010; 169:416-9. [PMID: 20691208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is a newly emerging pathogen affecting wheat production in China. A real-time PCR method using the TaqMan probe is described for quantitative detection of WDV in wheat tissues and in leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus Dahlb.). Primers and probes for specific detection of WDV were designed within the conserved region of the coat protein (CP) gene sequence. A sensitivity assay showed the detection limit of the assay was 30 copies, and the standard curve was linear over range 30-3 × 10(6) copies, with good reproducibility. Simultaneously, this real-time PCR assay could be used to detect WDV CP genes in viruliferous leafhoppers. As determined by an end-point dilution comparison, real-time PCR was close to 10(4)-fold more sensitive than the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for WDV detection. Field samples of wheat and leafhopper collected from different regions of China were detected by both real-time PCR and gel-based PCR. The results showed more positive samples could be identified by real-time PCR than by gel-based PCR. This quantitative detection assay provides a valuable tool for diagnosis and molecular studies of WDV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Satoh K, Kondoh H, Sasaya T, Shimizu T, Choi IR, Omura T, Kikuchi S. Selective modification of rice (Oryza sativa) gene expression by rice stripe virus infection. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:294-305. [PMID: 19793907 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.015990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (RSV), is one of the major virus diseases in east Asia. Rice plants infected with RSV usually show symptoms such as chlorosis, weakness, necrosis in newly emerged leaves and stunting. To reveal rice cellular systems influenced by RSV infection, temporal changes in the transcriptome of RSV-infected plants were monitored by a customized rice oligoarray system. The transcriptome changes in RSV-infected plants indicated that protein-synthesis machineries and energy production in the mitochondrion were activated by RSV infection, whereas energy production in the chloroplast and synthesis of cell-structure components were suppressed. The transcription of genes related to host-defence systems under hormone signals and those for gene silencing were not activated at the early infection phase. Together with concurrent observation of virus concentration and symptom development, such transcriptome changes in RSV-infected plants suggest that different sets of various host genes are regulated depending on the development of disease symptoms and the accumulation of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Satoh
- Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Praveen S, Ramesh SV, Mishra AK, Koundal V, Palukaitis P. Silencing potential of viral derived RNAi constructs in Tomato leaf curl virus-AC4 gene suppression in tomato. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:45-55. [PMID: 19548101 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated viral gene suppression in an infected tomato, by transforming it with RNA inhibition (RNAi) constructs derived from same viral gene. To develop RNAi constructs, conserved sequences ranging from 21 to 200 nt of the viral target AC4 gene of various viruses causing the tomato leaf curl disease were chosen. The double-stranded (ds)RNA producing constructs carry the sense and antisense portions of these sequences and are separated by different introns behind a constitutive promoter. We compared the levels of suppression of the viral target gene by transforming four different RNAi constructs with varied arm length of dsRNA. Gene silencing levels of the viral target gene were found to be directly proportional to the arm length of the dsRNA. We observed that dsRNA derived from longer arm-length constructs generating a pool of siRNAs that were more effective in targeting gene silencing. After transformation, one of the RNAi construct having a 21 nt arm-length produced aberrant phenotypes. These phenotypic anomalies may be due to unintended ('off-target') host transcript silencing. The unintended host transcript silencing showed modest reversion in the presence of the viral target gene. The findings presented here suggest that the arm length of dsRNA capable of producing a pool of diced siRNAs is more efficient in gene silencing, the effect of off-targeting siRNA is minimized in a pool, and off-targeting silencing can be minimized in the presence of target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Praveen
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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