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Oberto F, Carella E, Caruso C, Acutis PL, Lelli D, Bertolotti L, Masoero L, Peletto S. A Qualitative PCR Assay for the Discrimination of Bubaline Herpesvirus 1, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Bovine Herpesvirus 5. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030577. [PMID: 36985151 PMCID: PMC10056083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) are classified in the genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. BoHV-1 is the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BoHV-5 induces moderate disease in adult cattle while BuHV-1 has instead been associated with a decline in livestock production of water buffaloes. The aim of this study was to develop a qualitative PCR assay that allows the discrimination of BuHV-1, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. The alignment of homologous genes identified specific nucleotide sequences of BuHV- 1, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. The design of the primers and the optimization of the PCR assay were focused on the target sequences located on the portions of gD, gE and gG genes. This assay involved the use of three different PCR end-points: the PCR of a portion of the gD gene identified only the presence of BoHV-1; the PCR of a portion of the gE gene confirmed the presence of both BoHV-5 and BuHV-1; the PCR of a portion of the gG gene discriminated between BoHV-5 and BuHV-1, as the amplification product was observed only for BoHV-5. This qualitative PCR assay allowed the differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections both in cattle and water buffaloes and heterologous BuHV-1 infections in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oberto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1, Via Pier Carlo Boggio 12, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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2
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Das A, Wang Y, Babiuk S, Bai J, Dodd K, Jia W. Development of multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1326-1337. [PMID: 33837669 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus (CaPV), parapoxvirus (PaPV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in sheep, goats and cattle. Three multiplex assays were developed, a capripox (CaP) rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of CaPV and PaPV, a FMD rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of FMDV and PaPV, and a FMD/CaP rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of CaPV, PaPV and FMDV. All multiplex assays included β-actin gene ACTB as an internal positive control to monitor PCR inhibition and accuracy of nucleic acid extractions. The optimized assays were highly specific to the target viruses (CaPV, PaPV and FMDV) with no cross-reactivity against other viruses that cause similar clinical signs. Using positive control plasmids as template, the limit of detection (LOD) of the multiplex assays were estimated as 2 CaPV, 7 PaPV and 15 FMDV copies per assay. The amplification efficiency (AE) and correlation coefficient (R2 ), estimated from the standard curves (Ct vs. log10 template dilution), were 94%-106% and >0.99, respectively, for CaP and FMD rule-out assays, 96%-116% (AE) and >0.98 (R2 ), respectively, for CaP/FMD rule-out assays and 91%-102% and >0.99, respectively, for the corresponding singleplex assays. The diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) of the multiplex assays was assessed on 35 CaPV and 39 FMDV clinical specimens from experimentally infected (CS-E) animals, and 29 CaPV (LSDV), 28 FMDV and 36 PaPV clinical specimens from naturally infected (CS-N) animals; all tested positive (DSe 100%) except two CS-E FMDV specimens that were tested negative by FMD rule-out and the corresponding singleplex (FMDV) assays (37/39; DSe 95%). The newly developed multiplex assays offer a valuable tool for differential detection of clinically indistinguishable CaPV, PaPV and FMDV in suspected animals and animals with mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Das
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kimberly Dodd
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
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3
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Rodenbusch CR, Ferreira JC, Cunha DLBW, Roehe PM, Soardi MA, Costa EF, Almeida LL. Molecular evidence of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in cattle with suspected rabies in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101495. [PMID: 32889429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabies and herpetic encephalitis are the main viral infections in bovines with neurological symptoms. Bovine rabies has a high prevalence in Central and South America, while bovine encephalitis associated with herpesvirus is especially important in South America. Viral isolation is the classical way to confirm herpesvirus infection, but molecular evidence of the presence of the virus in affected animals is gaining importance in the diagnosis of the disease in the laboratory. This study investigated the presence of herpesvirus type 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) in 182 encephalon of rabies-suspected cattle in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). The rabies virus was investigated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and intracerebral suckling mouse inoculation. The genomes of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in 17% of samples. BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 were detected in 100% and 19% of BoHV positive samples, respectively, indicating the circulation of the pathogens in cattle herds in RS. The high Ct values and the absence of isolation suggest viral latency. Coinfection of herpesvirus and the rabies virus was detected in 28% of samples, although no significant association between pathogens was observed. Rabies was detected in 57.7% of suspected samples, confirming the importance of the disease in the state. Concerning the method by which samples were conserved, no significant difference was observed between the number of positive results in frozen and refrigerated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rodenbusch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - J C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - D L B W Cunha
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - P M Roehe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - M A Soardi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - E F Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - L L Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
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Garcia LF, Silvio Batista Rodrigues E, Rocha Lino de Souza G, Jubé Wastowski I, Mota de Oliveira F, Torres Pio dos Santos W, Souza Gil E. Impedimetric Biosensor for Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1‐Antigen Detection. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos
- Pharmacy Department Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina Minas Gerais 39803-371 Brazil
| | - Eric Souza Gil
- Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170 Goiás Brazil
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5
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Henzel A, Salla P, Mascitti A, Demoliner M, Solyman M, Lunge V, Spilki F. Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from bulls presenting genital lesions under field conditions in Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1/5) are main pathogens of respiratory, reproductive and neurological diseases in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1/5 in serum samples and to detect viral DNA in semen of bulls from beef cattle farms located in RS. A total of 372 serum and semen sample from bulls were collected in eighteen farms. Serum samples were submitted to virus neutralization (VN) assay, while semen samples were used to detect BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 DNA by PCR. VN results showed that BoHV-1/5 antibodies were detected in bulls of 66.7% (12/18) of the farms, 295 (79.5%) BoHV positive bulls, 287 for BoHV-1 and 234 for BoHV-; at 43 vaccinated bulls 72.1% (31/43) showing serology negative. BoHV-1/5 DNA was detected in the semen of three bulls; one of the them presenting BoHV-1, one out three presenting BoHV-5 and one BoHV-1/5.co-infection All BoHV DNA positive samples came from animals presenting posthitis and other genital lesions at sampling. Results showed a high seroprevalence of BoHV-1/5 antibodies in bulls as well as strong evidence that these viruses are actively circulating in the cattle farms. A remarkable finding is that in the presence of clinically evident lesions in the genital tract, both BoHV-1 and 5 may found in semen.
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Cardoso TC, Okamura LH, Baptistella JC, Borsanelli AC, Baptistiolli L, Ferreira HL, Gameiro R, Flores EF. RETRACTED: Bovine Herpesvirus 5 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and not affect virus replication. Vet Microbiol 2019; 229:153-158. [PMID: 30642592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief and Authors.
Fig 1A is a duplicate of a figure that has already been published in da Silva SEL et al. Archives of Virology 2018;163:1043-1049; 10.1007/s00705-018-3704-2. These two papers report studies performed with cells from two different animal species (bovine cells for the Veterinary Microbiology paper and chicken cells for the Archives of Virology paper). The reuse of the same figure in the Veterinary Microbiology paper to describe cells that were supposed to be from a different species is thus inappropriate and also puts into question the reliability of the other results presented in this paper.
In addition, the Editors-in-Chief have remaining concerns about the strong similarities of other data presented in the two papers.
Even if these concerns were addressed, the re-use of any data has to be clearly indicated and appropriately cited. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamila C Baptistella
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lillian Baptistiolli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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7
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Ferreira HCC, Campos MG, Vidigal PMP, Santos MR, DE Carvalho OV, Bressan GC, Fietto JLR, da Costa EP, Almeida MR, Silva Júnior A. Latent bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in milk from naturally infected dairy cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1787-1790. [PMID: 30282840 PMCID: PMC6261829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5) are antigenically and genetically related and can establish latent infection. We aimed to analyze the applicability of the milk
sample to detect latently BoHV-infected cattle. BoHV-1 non-vaccinated clinically healthy cows from five dairy cattle herds (herd 1, n=24; herd 2, n=39; herd 3, n=39; herd 4, n=36; herd 5,
n=70) were studied. We confirmed the presence of BoHV-1, and for the first time, BoHV-5 in the milk of naturally infected dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gandra Campos
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Centro de Análises de Biomoléculas/NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Rebouças Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio Valério DE Carvalho
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Paulino da Costa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Qin S, Underwood D, Driver L, Kistler C, Diallo I, Kirkland PD. Evaluation of a duplex reverse-transcription real-time PCR assay for the detection of encephalomyocarditis virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:554-559. [PMID: 29860932 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718779112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a fluorogenic probe-based assay for the detection of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by comparing a set of published primers and probe to a new set of primers and probe. The published reagents failed to amplify a range of Australian isolates and an Italian reference strain of EMCV. In contrast, an assay based on 2 new sets of primers and probes that were run in a duplex reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) worked well, with high amplification efficiency. The analytical sensitivity was ~100-fold higher than virus isolation in cell culture. The intra-assay variation was 0.21-4.90%. No cross-reactivity was observed with a range of other porcine viruses. One hundred and twenty-two clinical specimens were tested simultaneously by RT-rtPCR and virus isolation in cell culture; 72 specimens gave positive results by RT-rtPCR, and 63 of these were also positive by virus isolation. Of 245 archived cell culture isolates of EMCV that were tested in the RT-rtPCR, 242 samples were positive. The new duplex RT-rtPCR assay is a reliable tool for the detection of EMCV in clinical specimens and for use in epidemiologic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Qin
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
| | - Darren Underwood
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
| | - Luke Driver
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
| | - Carol Kistler
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
| | - Ibrahim Diallo
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
| | - Peter D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (Qin, Kirkland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China (Qin).,Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Underwood, Driver, Kistler, Diallo)
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Malla JA, Chakravarti S, Gupta V, Chander V, Sharma GK, Qureshi S, Mishra A, Gupta VK, Nandi S. Novel Polymerase Spiral Reaction (PSR) for rapid visual detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 genomic DNA from aborted bovine fetus and semen. Gene 2017; 644:107-112. [PMID: 29104164 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is a major viral pathogen affecting bovines leading to various clinical manifestations and causes significant economic impediment in modern livestock production system. Rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of BHV-1 infection at frozen semen stations or at dairy herds remains a priority for control of BHV-1 spread to susceptible population. Polymerase Spiral Reaction (PSR), a novel addition in the gamut of isothermal techniques, has been successfully implemented in initial optimization for detection of BHV-1 genomic DNA and further validated in clinical samples. The developed PSR assay has been validated for detection of BHV-1 from bovine semen (n=99), a major source of transmission of BHV-1 from breeding bulls to susceptible dams in artificial insemination programs. The technique has also been used for screening of BHV-1 DNA from suspected aborted fetal tissues (n=25). The developed PSR technique is 100 fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and comparable to real-time PCR. The PSR technique has been successful in detecting 13 samples positive for BHV-1 DNA in bovine semen, 4 samples more than conventional PCR. The aborted fetal tissues were negative for presence of BHV-1 DNA. The presence of BHV-1 in bovine semen samples raises a pertinent concern for extensively screening of semen from breeding bulls before been used for artificial insemination process. PSR has all the attributes for becoming a method of choice for rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of BHV-1 DNA at frozen semen stations or at dairy herds in resource constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmed Malla
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India.
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Vishal Chander
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Adhiraj Mishra
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India.
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10
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Susceptibility of mice to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection in the central nervous system. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:279-288. [PMID: 28942490 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is an important pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in cattle. Few studies have used the mouse as a model for BoHV-5 infection. Despite the fact that BoHV-5 can infect mice with immune deficiencies, little is known about viral replication, immune response, and the course of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of wild-type mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response in the CNS of BALB/c mice acutely infected with BoHV-5 at different days post-inoculation (dpi). BoHV-5, when inoculated intracranially, was able to infect and replicate within the CNS of BALB/c mice. Until 15 dpi, the mice were able to survive without showing prominent neurological signs. The infection was accompanied by a Th1 immune response, with a significant expression of the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and chemokine CCL-2. The expression of these cytokines and chemokines was most significant in the early course of infection (3 and 4 dpi), and it was followed by meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffing and periventriculitis, composed mainly of macrophages and lymphocytes. After the expression of cytokines and chemokine, the mice were able to curb BoHV-5 acute infection in the brain, since there was a decrease in the number of BoHV-5 DNA copies after 3 dpi and viable viral particles were not detected after 6 dpi. Importantly, BoHV-5 was able to infect the trigeminal ganglia during acute infection, since a large number of BoHV-5 DNA copies were detected on 1 and 2 dpi.
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Al-Busadah KA, El-Bahr SM, Khalafalla AI. Serum biochemical profile and molecular detection of pathogens in semen of infertile male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 180:58-65. [PMID: 28341394 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pathogens in the semen of camels has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the association of some economically important pathogens with infertility in 94 male infertile camels through molecular detection and estimation of selected biochemical parameters in serum of these animals compared with a control non infected fertile animals (n=40). PCR analysis of semen samples of infertile camels indicated that, four potential pathogens namely Mycoplasma spp., Leptospira spp., Brucella melitensis, and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were detected in 50 semen samples of infertile camels whereas, 44 semen samples of infertile camels were free of pathogens and all tested semen samples were negative for bovine herpes virus 1, Salmonella spp. and Trypanosoma evansi. Single and mixed infection was detected in 88% and 12% of the infected semen samples, respectively. Mycoplasma spp., Leptospira spp., Brucella and Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection represented 66%, 27.2%, 4.5% and 2.3% of the single infected semen samples. Mycoplasma spp.+Leptospira spp. and Mycoplasma spp.+Brucella spp. were detected in 83.3% and 16.7% of mixed infected semen samples, respectively. Testosterone concentration decreased significantly in infertile infected camels compare to both control and infertile non infected animals that remained comparable. The current findings reported the molecular detection of mixed infection in camel semen for the first time. Mycoplasma spp. is the most widely recognized microorganism in the present study and together with Leptospira spp., Brucella spp. and Bovine viral diarrhea virus, might be associated with infertility in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Al-Busadah
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Physiology), College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M El-Bahr
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Biochemistry), College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Abdelmalik I Khalafalla
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
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Cardoso TC, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Giroto TP, Oliveira BRSM, Fabri CUF, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Cellular response markers and cytokine gene expression in the central nervous system of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5. Vet J 2016; 218:71-77. [PMID: 27938713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports an investigation on the phenotype of inflammatory and immune cells, cytokine and viral gene expression in the brains of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5). Brain sections of 38 affected animals were analysed for the nature and extent of perivascular cuffs in the Virchow-Robin space and parenchyma. Histopathological changes were severe in the olfactory bulbs (Obs), hippocampus, piriform, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices/lobes and were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in Virchow-Robin spaces. The histopathological changes correlated positively with the distribution of BHV5 antigens (r = 0.947; P < 0.005). Cells of CD3+ phenotype were predominant in areas with severe perivascular cuffs. Viral antigens and genomic viral DNA were detected in the Obs and piriform lobe, simultaneously (r = 0.987; P < 0.005). Similarly, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes INFG, IL2, TNF and LTBR were expressed in the same brain areas (P < 0.005). These results provide important information on the inflammatory and immunological events accompanying BHV5 neurological infections. Our findings provide the first evidence for increased immune activation followed by inflammatory cytokine expression, positively correlated with viral replication in the cranial areas of the brain. Taken together, these results suggest that the host immune response and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute encephalitis by BHV5 in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - H L Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP-University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - L H Okamura
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - T P Giroto
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - B R S M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - C U F Fabri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97115-900, Brazil
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Shi X, Liu X, Wang Q, Das A, Ma G, Xu L, Sun Q, Peddireddi L, Jia W, Liu Y, Anderson G, Bai J, Shi J. A multiplex real-time PCR panel assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of 12 common swine viruses. J Virol Methods 2016; 236:258-265. [PMID: 27506582 PMCID: PMC7119729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex real-time PCR panel assay was developed for the detection of 12 major swine pathogens including VSV-IN, VSV-NJ, SVDV, CSFV, ASFV, FMDV, PCV2, PPV, PRV, PRRSV-NA, PRRSV-EU;. The panel assay was 100% specific against common swine pathogens;. Limits of detection of the assay were ranged 1–16 copies per reaction;. Detection sensitivity was not reduced by multiplexing three targets into one PCR reaction.
Mixed infection with different pathogens is common in swine production systems especially under intensive production conditions. Quick and accurate detection and differentiation of different pathogens are necessary for epidemiological surveillance, disease management and import and export controls. In this study, we developed and validated a panel of multiplex real-time PCR/RT-PCR assays composed of four subpanels, each detects three common swine pathogens. The panel detects 12 viruses or viral serotypes, namely, VSV-IN, VSV-NJ, SVDV, CSFV, ASFV, FMDV, PCV2, PPV, PRV, PRRSV-NA, PRRSV-EU and SIV. Correlation coefficients (R2) and PCR amplification efficiencies of all singular and triplex real-time PCR reactions are within the acceptable range. Comparison between singular and triplex real-time PCR assays of each subpanel indicates that there is no significant interference on assay sensitivities caused by multiplexing. Specificity tests on 226 target clinical samples or 4 viral strains and 91 non-target clinical samples revealed that the real-time PCR panel is 100% specific, and there is no cross amplification observed. The limit of detection of each triplex real-time PCR is less than 10 copies per reaction for DNA, and less than 16 copies per reaction for RNA viruses. The newly developed multiplex real-time PCR panel also detected different combinations of co-infections as confirmed by other means of detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiju Shi
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Beijing, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Xuming Liu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Amaresh Das
- Foreign Animal Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Guiping Ma
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Lalitha Peddireddi
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- Foreign Animal Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Gary Anderson
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
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Rensetti D, Marin M, Quintana S, Morán P, Verna A, Odeón A, Pérez S. Involvement of toll-like receptors 3 and 7/8 in the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Cardoso TC, Rosa ACG, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Vieira FV, Silva-Frade C, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:725-735. [PMID: 27311457 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. In this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1; Los Angeles, Cooper, and SV56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5; SV507/99 and GU9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and C6 (rat glial cells). BHV1 and BHV5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). When neuro2a cells were infected by Los Angeles, SV507/99, and GU9457818 strains, 40 % of infected cells were under early apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. Infected C6 cells were >40 % in necroptosis phase when infected by BHV5 (GU9457818 strain). Blocking caspase activation did not interfere with cell death. However, when necroptosis was blocked, 60-80 % of both infected cells with either virus switched to early apoptosis pathway with no interference with virus replication. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction were detected at high levels in both infected cell lines. In spite of apoptosis and necroptosis blockage, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and virus transcription were positively correlated for all viral strains studied. Thus, these results contribute to the characterization of BHV1 and BHV5 as potential oncolytic viruses for non-human cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying their oncolytic activity in human cells are still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina G Rosa
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
- FZEA-USP, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Bruna R S M Oliveira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Vieira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97115-900, RS, Brazil
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16
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Marin M, Quintana S, Leunda M, Recavarren M, Pagnuco I, Späth E, Pérez S, Odeón A. A new method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) using real time PCR with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. J Virol Methods 2016; 227:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Cardoso TC, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Rosa ACG, Gameiro R, Flores EF. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative analysis of the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and BHV5 in bovine-derived neuron-like cells. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2683-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Pawar SS, Meshram CD, Singh NK, Saini M, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Development of a SYBR Green I based duplex real-time PCR for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in semen. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:6-10. [PMID: 25078112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a viral pathogen found in infected bull semen, which is transmitted to inseminated cows by artificial insemination. BoHV-1 infection can cause reproductive disorders leading to significant economic loss to cattle industry. To detect BoHV-1 in semen, in this study, a SYBR Green I based duplex real-time PCR was developed. The assay included primers from BoHV-1 glycoprotein C (gC) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) genes for simultaneous detection in single tube. The result was interpreted by analysing melting temperature (Tm) peaks obtained after melt curve analysis of the amplified products at the end of reaction. The Tm peaks for BoHV-1-gC indicated presence of BoHV-1 while the bGH peak indicated reaction without inhibition. The sensitivity of the assay was to detect ten BoHV-1 genome copies per reaction. The analytical sensitivity was to detect 0.21 TCID50 infectious BoHV-1 in spiked semen. The assay was validated with 80 semen samples collected from breeding bulls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 100% with OIE recommended TaqMan probe based real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Pawar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Chetan D Meshram
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Niraj K Singh
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Center for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Praveen K Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Pawar SS, Meshram CD, Singh NK, Sonwane AA, Saini M, Rautmare SS, Muglikar DM, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in bovine semen by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Arch Virol 2013; 159:641-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Validation of a reference control for an SYBR-Green fluorescence assay-based real-time PCR for detection of bovine herpesvirus 5 in experimentally exposed bovine embryos. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 27:237-42. [PMID: 23831485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize an internal control to improve SYBR-Green-based qPCR to amplify/detect the BoHV-5 US9 gene in bovine embryos produced in vitro and experimentally exposed to the virus. We designed an SYBR-Green-based binding assay that is quick to perform, reliable, easily optimized and compares well with the published assay. Herein we demonstrated its general applicability to detect BoHV-5 US9 gene in bovine embryos produced in vitro experimentally exposed to BoHV-5. In order to validate the assay, three different reference genes were tested; and the histone 2a gene was shown to be the most adequate for normalizing the qPCR reaction, by considering melting and standard curves (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no differences were found in the development of bovine embryos in vitro whether they were exposed to BoHV-5 reference and field strains comparing to unexposed embryos. The developed qPCR assay may have important field applications as it provides an accurate BoHV-5 US9 gene detection using a proven reference gene and is considerably less expensive than the TaqMan qPCR currently employed in sanitary programs.
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Maidana SS, Morano CD, Cianfrini D, Campos FS, Roehe PM, Siedler B, De Stefano G, Mauroy A, Thiry E, Romera SA. Multiplex PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism analysis for the subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 5 isolates. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:111. [PMID: 23734608 PMCID: PMC3679755 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several types and subtypes of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, making type/subtype differentiation essential to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BoHV infections. BoHV-5 subtyping is currently carried out by BstEII restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of the complete virus genome. This method allowed the description of three subtypes, one of which is the most widespread while the remaining two have so far only been found in South America. The present work describes a multiplex PCR followed by REA for BoHV-5 subtyping. Results The method consists in the simultaneous amplification of glycoprotein B and UL54 gene fragments of 534 and 669 base pairs (bp), respectively, BstEII digestion of amplicons, separation of products in 1% agarose gels, and analysis of fragment length polymorphims. The multiplex PCR detected up to 227 BoHV-5 genome copies and 9.2 × 105 BoHV-5 genome copies when DNA was extracted from purified virus or infected tissue homogenates, respectively. The applicability of multiplex PCR-REA was demonstrated on 3 BoHV-5 reference strains. In addition, subtyping of two new isolates and seventeen previously reported ones (17 BHV-5a and 2 BHV-5b) by this method gave coincident results with those obtained with the classic BstEII REA assay. Conclusions Multiplex PCR-REA provides a new tool for the fast and simple diagnosis and subtyping of BoHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Soledad Maidana
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y, Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), N. Repetto, y Los Reseros S/N, CC25, (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chandranaik BM, Rathnamma D, Patil SS, Kovi RC, Dhawan J, Ranganatha S, Isloor S, Renukaprasad C, Prabhudas K. Development of a probe based real time PCR assay for detection of bovine herpes virus-1 in semen and other clinical samples. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:16-26. [PMID: 24426253 PMCID: PMC3650191 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes development of a TaqMan probe based real time PCR assay that can detect BoHV-1 of as low as 0.001 TCID50/0.1 ml in clinical samples, its comparative evaluation with indirect ELISA and virus isolation for detection of Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in semen and swab clinical samples. For this study, we collected samples from 212 animals (cattle and buffaloes) comprising 91 bulls and 121 females. Avidin-biotin ELISA employed on serum samples from 212 animals revealed 74 as seropositive for BoHV-1. On inoculation of semen/swabs on MDBK cell line, nine samples yielded cytopathic changes characteristic of herpes viruses. The isolates were confirmed by VNT and a conventional PCR. A real time PCR assay was standardised by designing a new set of TaqMan probe and primers targeting a 71 bp region on gB gene of the virus. The assay detected viral antigen in 21 seropositive and 14 seronegative animals, emphasizing the relevance of serology in BoHV-1 diagnosis, particularly in breeding stations. Further, real time PCR assay was 100 % sensitive and 87.19 % specific compared to virus isolation in detection of the BoHV-1 in clinical samples. The assay was validated at reputed national laboratories, with a sensitivity of ≥99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavegowdanadoddi Marinaik Chandranaik
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Doddamane Rathnamma
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - S. S. Patil
- />Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Ramesh C. Kovi
- />Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Jyotsana Dhawan
- />Institute of Stem Cells, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560 065 Karnataka India
| | - Shakunigowda Ranganatha
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - C. Renukaprasad
- />Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bangalore, 560 024 India
| | - K. Prabhudas
- />Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
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Cardoso TC, Novais JB, Antello TF, Silva-Frade C, Ferrarezi MC, Ferrari HF, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Susceptibility of neuron-like cells derived from bovine Wharton's jelly to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infections. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:242. [PMID: 23227933 PMCID: PMC3528423 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), frequently lethal in cattle, is associated with significant agricultural economic losses due to neurological disease. Cattle and rabbits are frequently used as models to study the biology and pathogenesis of BoHV-5 infection. In particular, neural invasion and proliferation are two of the factors important in BoHV-5 infection. The present study investigated the potential of bovine Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (bWJ-MSCs) to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype and support robust BoHV-5 replication. Results Upon inducing differentiation within a defined neuronal specific medium, most bWJ-MSCs acquired the distinctive neuronal morphological features and stained positively for the neuronal/glial markers MAP2 (neuronal microtubule associated protein 2), N200 (neurofilament 200), NT3 (neutrophin 3), tau and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Expression of nestin, N200, β-tubulin III (TuJI) and GFAP was further demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following BoHV-5 inoculation, there were low rates of cell detachment, good cell viability at 96 h post-infection (p.i.), and small vesicles developed along neuronal branches. Levels of BoHV-5 antigens and DNA were associated with the peak in viral titres at 72 h p.i. BoHV-5 glycoprotein C mRNA expression was significantly correlated with production of progeny virus at 72 h p.i. (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results demonstrated the ability of bWJ-MSCs to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype in vitro and support productive BoHV-5 replication. These findings constitute a remarkable contribution to the in vitro study of neurotropic viruses. This work may pave the way for bWJ-MSCs to be used as an alternative to animal models in the study of BoHV-5 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP - University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Brenner MPC, Silva-Frade C, Ferrarezi MC, Garcia AF, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Evaluation of developmental changes in bovine in vitro produced embryos following exposure to bovine Herpesvirus type 5. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:53. [PMID: 22823939 PMCID: PMC3447700 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Herpesvirus type-5 (BoHV-5) is a neurovirulent α-Herpesvirus which is potentially pathogenic for cows and suspected to be associated with reproductive disorders. Interestingly, natural transmission of BoHV-5 by contaminated semen was recently described in Australia. Additionally, BoHV-5 was also isolated from the semen of a healthy bull in the same country and incriminated in a natural outbreak of reproductive disease after artificial insemination. In contrast with BoHV-1, experimental exposure of in vitro produced bovine embryos to BoHV-5 does not affect embryo viability and seems to inhibit some pathways of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena are poorly understood. In this study, we examined mitochondrial activity, antioxidant protection, stress response and developmental rates of in vitro produced bovine embryos that were exposed and unexposed to BoHV-5. METHODS For this purpose, bovine embryos produced in vitro were assayed for cell markers after experimental infection of oocytes (n = 30; five repetitions), in vitro fertilization and development. The indirect immunofluorescence was employed to measure the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), anti-oxidant like protein 1 (AOP-1), heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp 70.1) and also viral antigens in embryos derived from BoHV-5 exposed and unexposed oocytes. The determination of gene transcripts of mitochondrial activity (SOD1), antioxidant protection (AOP-1) and stress response (Hsp70.1) were evaluated using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MitoTracker Green FM, JC-1 and Hoechst 33342-staining were used to evaluate mitochondrial distribution, segregation patterns and embryos morphology. The intensity of labeling was graded semi-quantitatively and embryos considered intensively marked were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The quality of the produced embryos was not affected by exposure to BoHV-5. Of the 357 collected oocytes, 313 (+/- 6.5; 87.7%) were cleaved and 195 (+/- 3.2; 54.6%) blastocysts were produced without virus exposure. After exposure, 388 oocytes were cleaved into 328 (+/- 8.9, 84.5%), and these embryos produced 193 (+/- 3.2, 49.7%) blastocysts. Viral DNA corresponding to the US9 gene was only detected in embryos at day 7 after in vitro culture, and confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). These results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between exposed and unexposed oocytes fertilized, as MitoTracker Green FM staining Fluorescence intensity of Jc-1 staining was significantly higher (p < 0.005) among exposed embryos (143 +/- 8.2). There was no significant difference between the ratios of Hoechst 33342-stained nuclei and total cells in good-quality blastocysts (in both the exposed and unexposed groups). Using IFA and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the set of target transcripts (SOD1, AOP-1 and Hsp 70.1), there were differences in the mRNA and respective proteins between the control and exposed embryos. Only the exposed embryos produced anti-oxidant protein-like 1 (AOP-1). However, neither the control nor the exposed embryos produced the heat shock protein Hsp 70.1. Interestingly, both the control and the exposed embryos produced superoxide dismutase (SOD1), revealing intense mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration of SOD1 and AOP-1 production in bovine embryos exposed to BoHV-5. Intense mitochondrial activity was also observed during infection, and this occurred without interfering with the quality or number of produced embryos. These findings further our understanding on the ability of α-Herpesviruses to prevent apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana PC Brenner
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Marina C Ferrarezi
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Garcia
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Maria, RS, 97115-900, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
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