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Vetter Hiebert JR, Petters Cabrera JG, Benítez del Puerto S, González Vatteone R, Florentín Morel M, Dacak Aguilera DA, Brítez Valinotti CE, Ramírez Diarte R, González González LM, Coronel Díaz C, Osorio P, Cardozo W, Bracho F, Soto CR, Domínguez Barreto NM, Sciabarrasi AA. Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1395. [PMID: 38459818 PMCID: PMC10924275 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, is the largest South American canid, with a natural distribution that stretches across Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The present study reports the case of a rescued specimen of maned wolf that underwent a rehabilitation process in Paraguay, starting in October 2020 with its rescue, and finalising in May 2021 with the reintroduction. Herein, we document findings regarding the general management, biometrics, feeding and environmental enrichment; chemical immobilisation and monitoring; haematology, blood biochemistry and specific serology-relevant pathogens; skin examination and bone marrow cytology; orthopaedic, ophthalmological and dental evaluation; abdominal and cardiac ultrasonography; radiology and copro-parasitology. Main findings include the feeding habits of the individual and enrichment opportunities. The animal weighed 7 kg on arrival, with an estimated age of 5 months, and 18 kg on reintroduction, with an estimated age of 1 year. The animal tested negative to serologic tests for Brucella canis, Dirofilaria, canine distemper, Toxoplasmosis and canine parvovirus. Leptospira testing showed antibodies against L. grippotyphosa on both samplings, L. wolffi and L. ictero on the first sampling, and L. pomona on the second sampling. Abdominal organs were examined and measured through ultrasound evaluation and kidneys showed no alterations. Echocardiography showed preserved mitral, tricuspid and aortic valve flows, but turbulent pulmonary valve flow. Copro-parasitology reported the presence of Lagochilascaris sp. and Balantidium sp. All the information gathered aided in diagnosing the health status of the individual, and the response to environmental enrichment helped assess the behaviour, which led to the suggestion of reintroducing the animal. These data constitute the first published health check of a maned wolf in Paraguay, which can contribute to the species' conservation in the country. The protocol presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing an action plan for the maned wolf in Paraguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Richard Vetter Hiebert
- Departamento de Recursos Faunísticos y Medio NaturalFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | | | | | - Roger González Vatteone
- Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCátedra de Técnica OperatoriaUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Coronel Díaz
- Ministerio del Ambiente y Desarrollo SostenibleDirección General de Protección y Conservación de la BiodiversidadDirección de Vida SilvestreAsunciónParaguay
| | | | | | - Fátima Bracho
- Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Claudia Raquel Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | | | - Antonio Alejandro Sciabarrasi
- Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
- Centro de rescate e interpretación de la Fauna La EsmeraldaGobierno de Santa FeArgentina
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Sui P, Sun Y, Shi Y, Ran W, Shi N, Sun D, Zheng J, Zhao J. Establishment and evaluation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR for quantitative and differential detection of wild-type canine distemper virus from vaccine strains. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19344. [PMID: 37662817 PMCID: PMC10469063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to establish a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method to differentially detect canine distemper virus (CDV) wild-type and vaccine strains. To this end, a pair of CDV universal primers and two specific minor groove binder (MGB) probes, harboring a T/C substitution in the hemagglutinin (H) gene, were designed. Using a recombinant plasmid expressing the H gene of the CDV wild-type or vaccine strain as standards, a sensitive and specific multiplex real-time RT-PCR was established for quantitative and differential detection of CDV wild-type and vaccine strains. The limit of detection for this multiplex assay was 22.5 copies/μL and 2.98 copies/μL of viral RNA for wild-type and vaccine strains, respectively. Importantly, the wild-type and vaccine MGB probes specifically hybridized different genotypes of wild-type CDV circulating in China as well as globally administered vaccine viruses, respectively, with no cross-reactivity observed with non-CDV viruses. Moreover, this method was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of CDV RNA in tissue samples of experimentally infected breeding foxes, raccoon dogs, and minks. Additionally, the multiplex real-time RT-PCR was able to detect the viral RNA in the whole blood samples as early as 3 days post-infection, 3 to 4 days prior to the onset of clinical signs in these CDV infection animals. Hence, the established multiplex real-time RT-PCR method is useful for differentiating wild-type CDV and vaccine strains in China, and for conducting canine distemper early diagnosis as well as dynamic mechanism of CDV replication studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yiyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Shandong Yantai Animal Disease Control Center, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Ran
- Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Guiyang 551400, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
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Vega-Mariño P, Olson J, Howitt B, Criollo R, Figueroa L, Orlando SA, Cruz M, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. A recent distemper virus outbreak in the growing canine populations of Galapagos Islands: a persistent threat for the endangered Galapagos Sea Lion. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154625. [PMID: 37228838 PMCID: PMC10203394 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that can cross mammalian species barriers and has widespread impacts on both domestic animals and wildlife populations. This study describes a recent outbreak of CDV in the Galapagos Islands in 2019. A total number of 125 dogs with clinical signs compatible with CDV were included in this study. Nasal swabs were taken and analyzed by RT-qPCR for the detection of CDV, resulting in a positivity rate of 74.4% (IC95%, 66-81%). Among the CDV positive dogs, 82.2% presented with respiratory signs, 48.8% neurological signs, and 28.9% gastrointestinal signs. CDV has been previously reported in the domestic canine population of the Galapagos Islands in 2001 and 2004. The current study shows how CDV is still a threat for the endemic and endangered Galapagos sea lion, despite recent policies for dog population control and CDV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Vega-Mariño
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado de Salud Pública Humana y Animal, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jessie Olson
- Pan Animalia Galapagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Ben Howitt
- Pan Animalia Galapagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
- Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS), Cranborne, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Criollo
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Lissette Figueroa
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Solon Alberto Orlando
- Universidad Espiritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Marilyn Cruz
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
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Karki M, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Canine morbillivirus (CDV): a review on current status, emergence and the diagnostics. Virusdisease 2022; 33:309-321. [PMID: 36039286 PMCID: PMC9403230 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing host range of canine morbillivirus (CDV) affecting important wildlife species such as Lions, Leopard, and Red Pandas has raised the concern. Canine distemper is a pathogen of dogs affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Seventeen lineages of CDV are reported, and the eighteenth lineage was proposed in 2019 from India. Marked genomic differences in the genome of wild-type virus and vaccine strain are also reported.The variations at the epitope level can be differentiated using specific monoclonal antibodies in neutralization tests. Keeping in mind the current status of the emergence of CDV, genetic and molecular study of circulating strains of the specific geographical region are the essential components of the disease control strategy. New target-based diagnostics and vaccines are in need to counter the effects of the emerging virus population. Control of CDV is necessary to save the endangered, vulnerable, and many other wildlife species to maintain balance in the ecological system. This review provides an overview on emergence reported in CDV, diagnostics developed till today, and a perspective on the disease control strategy, keeping wildlife in consideration.
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Geiselhardt F, Peters M, Jo WK, Schadenhofer A, Puff C, Baumgärtner W, Kydyrmanov A, Kuiken T, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Osterhaus ADME, Beineke A, Ludlow M. Development and Validation of a Pan-Genotypic Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay To Detect Canine Distemper Virus and Phocine Distemper Virus in Domestic Animals and Wildlife. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0250521. [PMID: 35491822 PMCID: PMC9116185 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02505-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an animal morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and has caused major epizootics with high mortality levels in susceptible wildlife species. In recent years, the documented genetic diversity of CDV has expanded, with new genotypes identified in India, the Caspian Sea, and North America. However, no quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) that has been validated for the detection of all genotypes of CDV is currently available. We have therefore established and characterized a pan-genotypic probe-based RT-qPCR assay based on the detection of a conserved region of the phosphoprotein (P) gene of CDV. This assay has been validated using virus strains representative of six genotypes of CDV in different sample types, including frozen tissue, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and virus isolates. The primers and probe target sequences were sufficiently conserved to also enable detection of the phocine distemper virus strains responsible for epizootics in harbor seals in the North Sea in 1988 and 2002. Comparison with two recently published RT-qPCR assays for CDV showed that under equivalent conditions the primers and probe set reported in this study were more sensitive in detecting nucleic acids from an Asia-4 genotype, which displays sequence variation in primer and probe binding sites. In summary, this validated new pan-genotypic RT-qPCR assay will facilitate screening of suspected distemper cases caused by novel genotypes for which full genome sequences are unavailable and have utility in detecting multiple CDV strains in geographical regions where multiple genotypes cocirculate in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Geiselhardt
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Wendy K. Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Schadenhofer
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
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Sarchahi AA, Arbabi M, Mohebalian H. Detection of canine distemper virus in cerebrospinal fluid, whole blood and mucosal specimens of dogs with distemper using RT-PCR and immunochromatographic assays. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1390-1399. [PMID: 35363942 PMCID: PMC9297742 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate diagnosis of canine distemper (CD), a highly contagious and acute viral disease, cannot be made solely based on clinical signs and haematological findings, but serological and molecular methods compatible with clinical signs are also required. The type of sample and method of tissue sampling are also very important. Sometimes in chronic cases, the canine distemper virus (CDV) may not be detected in blood and conjunctival specimens but can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the suitability of CSF samples with whole blood and conjunctival samples in the detection of CDV. Methods The CDV was detected in CSF, whole blood and mucosal specimens in 20 dogs with obvious neurological with or without systemic signs congruous with CD by RT‐PCR and rapid immunochromatographic (IC) antigen test kit assays. Results Rapid kit results were positive for mucosal swabs in 10 cases (50%) and for CSF in 17 cases (85%); RT‐PCR results from whole blood were positive in 11 cases (55%) and from CSF in 16 cases (80%). Conclusions Our results revealed that dogs with neurological signs showing simultaneous or recent systemic symptoms, whole blood, CSF and mucosal swabs are suitable for the diagnosis of CDV by RT‐PCR and rapid IC antigen test kits, but dogs with neurological symptoms that are systematically asymptomatic or have had systemic signs for a long time, whole blood and mucosal swabs are not good samples while CSF is a good one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Sarchahi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arbabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Mohebalian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Pranitha P, Jhala MK, Bhanderi BB. Comparison of lateral flow assay and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of canine distemper. Virusdisease 2022; 33:96-101. [PMID: 35493749 PMCID: PMC9005602 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In present study, 50 nasal and conjunctival pooled swab samples from 48 dogs, one each from leopard and cat were collected, which were suspected for canine distemper from Anand and Ahmedabad districts during period of January-21 to June-21. Out of the 50 samples, 18% were positive for CD by Lateral flow assay (LFA). Using LFA, one each sample from leopard and cat samples were found negative for CD by LFA. Out of the total 50 (48 dogs, one each from leopard and cat) samples, 14 and 4% were positive by N-gene and H-gene based RT-PCR respectively. Comparative analysis of N and H genes, both the samples positive by H-gene based RT-PCR were also positive by N-gene based RT-PCR, which detected 5 more samples positive than H-gene based RT-PCR. Comparative analysis of N-gene based RT-PCR and LFA, relative sensitivity and specificity were 55.55% and 95.12% respectively. Comparative analysis of H-gene based RT-PCR and LFA relative sensitivity and specificity were 22.22 and 100% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pranitha
- grid.411373.30000 0004 1794 2950Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388 001 India
| | - M. K. Jhala
- grid.411373.30000 0004 1794 2950Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388 001 India
| | - B. B. Bhanderi
- grid.411373.30000 0004 1794 2950Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388 001 India
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Sarchahi AA, Mohebalian H, Arbabi M. Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccine effectiveness in dogs with neurological signs of canine distemper. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:563-568. [PMID: 36686878 PMCID: PMC9840787 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.531605.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is the cause of a highly lethal infectious disease affecting a broad range of carnivores. Despite using various treatments, there is still no effective treatment, especially in the neurological form of distemper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of injecting Newcastle disease vaccine into the subarachnoid space of dogs with neurological form of distemper. The dogs that had symptoms of nervous distemper, particularly myoclonus, were included in the plan. After anesthetizing of dogs, 0.10 to 1.00 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were removed and, 0.10 to 0.50 mL of the prepared Newcastle solution were injected into their subarachnoid space. Another 0.50 to 1.00 mL of normal saline was then injected to remove the needle from the vaccine. The live attenuated LaSota or B1 vaccine was used in this study. Rapid kit tests and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used to diagnose of the disease. Dogs were monitored for up to 3 to 24 months during that time they were evaluated for improvement or worsening of clinical symptoms. Out of nine dogs in which distemper were diagnosed with different tests, one dog recovered completely and another dog recovered greatly. Therefore, the overall recovery rate was 22.20%. It is concluded that administration of Newcastle vaccine into the subarachnoid space of dogs with nervous distemper causes at least 22.20% improvement and does not cause specific side effects and can be used to treat affected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Sarchahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; ,Correspondence Ali Asghar Sarchahi. DVM, PhD Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hadi Mohebalian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Arbabi
- Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Weber M, Mosena A, da Silva M, Canova R, de Lorenzo C, Olegário J, Budaszewski R, Baumbach L, Soares J, Sonne L, Varela A, Mayer F, de Oliveira L, Canal C. Virome of crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) from southern Brazil and Uruguay. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104421. [PMID: 32580027 PMCID: PMC7306396 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) are wild canids distributed in South America. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wild canids may share viral pathogens, including rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). To characterize the virome of these wild canid species, the present work evaluated the spleen and mesenteric lymph node virome of 17 crab-eating and five Pampas foxes using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Organ samples were pooled and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Additional PCR analyses were performed to identify the frequencies and host origin for each virus detected by HTS. Sequences more closely related to the Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae and Anelloviridae families were detected, as well as circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. CDV was found only in crab-eating foxes, whereas CPV-2 was found in both canid species; both viruses were closely related to sequences reported in domestic dogs from southern Brazil. Moreover, the present work reported the detection of canine bocavirus (CBoV) strains that were genetically divergent from CBoV-1 and 2 lineages. Finally, we also characterized CRESS DNA viruses and anelloviruses with marked diversity. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding wild canid viruses that can potentially be shared with domestic canids or other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.C.S. Mosena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M.S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R. Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. de Lorenzo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.C. Olegário
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R.F. Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.F. Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.F. Soares
- Laboratório Protozoologia e Riquettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L. Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.P.M. Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F.Q. Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.G.S. de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - C.W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Av Bento Gonçalves 9090, Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Lunardi M, Darold GM, Amude AM, Headley SA, Sonne L, Yamauchi KCI, Boabaid FM, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Canine distemper virus active infection in order Pilosa, family Myrmecophagidae, species Tamandua tetradactyla. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:7-11. [PMID: 29885804 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease pathogen which causes disease in the domestic dog and species classified in the Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, Viveridae, Felidae, Tayassuidae, and Cercopithecidae families. A combined strategy that involved the direct sequencing of amplicons from genes coding for nucleocapsid, large polymerase, and hemagglutinin proteins of CDV, as well as the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical detection of viral nucleocapsid protein in diverse tissues, confirmed the participation of CDV in the development of a neurological disease in a southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) from Midwestern Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed that the strain from this study grouped with isolates from the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The specific polymorphisms at the SLAM receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin gene, previously linked to disease emergence in novel hosts, were not detected in this genome. These findings represent the first description of CDV-induced infection in the Tamandua tetradactyla and extend the distribution of this infection to include members of the family Myrmecophagidae, order Pilosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Molinari Darold
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mendes Amude
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9090 Ave Bento Gonçalves, 90650-001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristiane Ito Yamauchi
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Marques Boabaid
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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11
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Identification of enteric viruses circulating in a dog population with low vaccine coverage. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:790-794. [PMID: 29588198 PMCID: PMC6175709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of vaccines has controlled enteric diseases in dogs in many developed countries, vaccine coverage is still under optimal situation in Brazil. There is a large population of nonimmunized dogs and few studies about the identification of the viruses associated with diarrhea. To address this situation, stool samples from 325 dogs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of common enteric viruses such as Canine adenovirus (CAdV), Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine rotavirus (CRV) and Carnivorous protoparvovirus 1 (canine parvovirus 2; CPV-2). At least one of these species was detected in 56.6% (184/325) of the samples. The viruses detected most frequently in either diarrheic or nondiarrheic dog feces were CPV-2 (54.3% of the positive samples), CDV (45.1%) and CCoV (30.4%), followed by CRV (8.2%) and CAdV (4.9%). Only one agent was detected in the majority of the positive samples (63%), but co-infections were present in 37% of the positive samples and mainly included CDV and CPV-2. The data presented herein can improve the clinical knowledge in regions with low vaccine coverage and highlight the need to improve the methods used to control these infectious diseases in domestic dogs.
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12
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Loots AK, Mitchell E, Dalton DL, Kotzé A, Venter EH. Advances in canine distemper virus pathogenesis research: a wildlife perspective. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:311-321. [PMID: 27902345 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has emerged as a significant disease of wildlife, which is highly contagious and readily transmitted between susceptible hosts. Initially described as an infectious disease of domestic dogs, it is now recognized as a global multi-host pathogen, infecting and causing mass mortalities in a wide range of carnivore species. The last decade has seen the effect of numerous CDV outbreaks in various wildlife populations. Prevention of CDV requires a clear understanding of the potential hosts in danger of infection as well as the dynamic pathways CDV uses to gain entry to its host cells and its ability to initiate viral shedding and disease transmission. We review recent research conducted on CDV infections in wildlife, including the latest findings on the causes of host specificity and cellular receptors involved in distemper pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika K Loots
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Emily Mitchell
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Desiré L Dalton
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotzé
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Estelle H Venter
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu T, Li P, Du L, Yang Y, Wang L, Wang C. Nested quantitative PCR approach for urinary cell-free EZH2 mRNA and its potential clinical application in bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1830-8. [PMID: 27300769 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 is overexpressed in bladder cancer (BC) and plays important roles in tumor development and progression. Recent studies show cell free (cf) RNAs released from cancer cells can reflect tissues changes and are stable and detectable in urine. Although conventional quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is highly sensitive, low abundances of urinary cf-RNAs usually result in false-negatives. Thus, this study develops a nested qPCR (nqPCR) approach to quantify cf-EZH2 mRNA in urine and further assess its clinical significance for BC. Forty urine samples were first selected to evaluate feasibility of nqPCR. Then, levels of urinary cf-EZH2 mRNA were detected using developed method in an independent cohort of subjects with 91 healthy, 81 cystitis, 169 nonmuscle invasive BC (NMIBC) and 103 muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). In cf-EZH2 mRNA detection, nqPCR method was significantly associated with qPCR, but it could detect more urine samples and increase detection limit three orders of magnitude. Based on nqPCR method, cf-EZH2 mRNA levels have been found to be increased in urine of NMIBC and MIBC patients (p < 0.001). Compared with cytology, cf-EZH2 mRNA showed higher diagnostic ability for MIBC (p < 0.001) while not for NMIBC (p > 0.05). Moreover, it also could distinguish MIBC from NMIBC, with AUC of 0.787. For MIBC patients, high expression of cf-EZH2 mRNA associated with advanced stage and was an independent predictor of reduced disease free survival or overall survival. In conclusion, detection of cf-EZH2 mRNA in urine by nqPCR is a sensitive and noninvasive approach and may be used for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongmei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in South America clade 1 reveals unique molecular signatures of the local epidemic. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:135-141. [PMID: 27060756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen for domestic dogs and several wild carnivore species. In Brazil, natural infection of CDV in dogs is very high due to the large non-vaccinated dog population, a scenario that calls for new studies on the molecular epidemiology. This study investigates the phylodynamics and amino-acid signatures of CDV epidemic in South America by analyzing a large dataset compiled from publicly available sequences and also by collecting new samples from Brazil. A population of 175 dogs with canine distemper (CD) signs was sampled, from which 89 were positive for CDV, generating 42 new CDV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the new and publicly available sequences revealed that Brazilian sequences mainly clustered in South America 1 (SA1) clade, which has its origin estimated to the late 1980's. The reconstruction of the demographic history in SA1 clade showed an epidemic expanding until the recent years, doubling in size every nine years. SA1 clade epidemic distinguished from the world CDV epidemic by the emergence of the R580Q strain, a very rare and potentially detrimental substitution in the viral genome. The R580Q substitution was estimated to have happened in one single evolutionary step in the epidemic history in SA1 clade, emerging shortly after introduction to the continent. Moreover, a high prevalence (11.9%) of the Y549H mutation was observed among the domestic dogs sampled here. This finding was associated (p<0.05) with outcome-death and higher frequency in mixed-breed dogs, the later being an indicator of a continuous exchange of CDV strains circulating among wild carnivores and domestic dogs. The results reported here highlight the diversity of the worldwide CDV epidemic and reveal local features that can be valuable for combating the disease.
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15
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Dong XY, Li WH, Zhu JL, Liu WJ, Zhao MQ, Luo YW, Chen JD. Detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus by a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2015; 16:172-175. [PMID: 27175171 PMCID: PMC4827682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of canine distemper (CD) which is a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs. In the present study, a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of CDV. Four primers were designed to detect and discriminate the two viruses by generating 638- and 781-bp cDNA products, respectively. Furthermore, the duplex RT-PCR method was used to detect 67 field samples suspected of CD from Guangdong province in China. Results showed that, 33 samples were to be wild-type-like. The duplex RT-PCR method exhibited high specificity and sensitivity which could be used to effectively detect and differentiate wild-type and vaccine CDV, indicating its use for clinical detection and epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Y. Dong
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - W. H. Li
- MSc in Virus, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - J. L. Zhu
- BSc in Virus, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - W. J. Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - M. Q. Zhao
- MSc in Vaccine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Y. W. Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - J. D. Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tian He District, Guangzhou 510642, China
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16
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Virological and serological findings in dogs with naturally occurring distemper. J Virol Methods 2014; 213:127-30. [PMID: 25512131 PMCID: PMC7119776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The collection of suitable samples are crucial for Canine Distemper (CD) diagnosis. Urine proved to be the most suitable sample for CD diagnosis. The global epidemiology of CD reinforces the importance of an accurate diagnostic.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs. The unpredictable and variable course of CDV-related disease may hamper correct diagnosis of infection and makes it crucial the collection of samples suitable for laboratory confirmation. In the present study we were able to follow the disease in two dogs infected naturally, collecting different biological matrices during the entire period of infection. By real time RT-PCR, viral RNA was detected and quantified, suggesting that urine and rectal swabs would be useful for ante-mortem diagnosis of distemper in dogs, regardless of the clinical stage and form of the illness.
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17
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Coleman JW, Wright KJ, Wallace OL, Sharma P, Arendt H, Martinez J, DeStefano J, Zamb TP, Zhang X, Parks CL. Development of a duplex real-time RT-qPCR assay to monitor genome replication, gene expression and gene insert stability during in vivo replication of a prototype live attenuated canine distemper virus vector encoding SIV gag. J Virol Methods 2014; 213:26-37. [PMID: 25486083 PMCID: PMC7111484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The duplex assay monitored replication, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression. The duplex assay monitored insert genetic stability during in vivo replication. Primary site of CDV replication in ferrets was abdominal cavity lymphoid tissue. CDV gRNA or mRNA was undetectable in brain tissue. Specific primers were used in the RT step to distinguish gRNA from mRNA.
Advancement of new vaccines based on live viral vectors requires sensitive assays to analyze in vivo replication, gene expression and genetic stability. In this study, attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) was used as a vaccine delivery vector and duplex 2-step quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays specific for genomic RNA (gRNA) or mRNA have been developed that concurrently quantify coding sequences for the CDV nucleocapsid protein (N) and a foreign vaccine antigen (SIV Gag). These amplicons, which had detection limits of about 10 copies per PCR reaction, were used to show that abdominal cavity lymphoid tissues were a primary site of CDV vector replication in infected ferrets, and importantly, CDV gRNA or mRNA was undetectable in brain tissue. In addition, the gRNA duplex assay was adapted for monitoring foreign gene insert genetic stability during in vivo replication by analyzing the ratio of CDV N and SIV gag genomic RNA copies over the course of vector infection. This measurement was found to be a sensitive probe for assessing the in vivo genetic stability of the foreign gene insert.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Coleman
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States.
| | - Kevin J Wright
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Olivia L Wallace
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Palka Sharma
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Heather Arendt
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Joanne DeStefano
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Timothy P Zamb
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Christopher L Parks
- The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, The AIDS Vaccine Design & Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11220, United States; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Graduate Studies, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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18
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Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Richardson CD. The tumor-associated marker, PVRL4 (nectin-4), is the epithelial receptor for morbilliviruses. Viruses 2014; 6:2268-86. [PMID: 24892636 PMCID: PMC4074928 DOI: 10.3390/v6062268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PVRL4 (nectin-4) was recently identified as the epithelial receptor for members of the Morbillivirus genus, including measles virus, canine distemper virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. Here, we describe the role of PVRL4 in morbillivirus pathogenesis and its promising use in cancer therapies. This discovery establishes a new paradigm for the spread of virus from lymphocytes to airway epithelial cells and its subsequent release into the environment. Measles virus vaccine strains have emerged as a promising oncolytic platform for cancer therapy in the last ten years. Given that PVRL4 is a well-known tumor-associated marker for several adenocarcinoma (lung, breast and ovary), the measles virus could potentially be used to specifically target, infect and destroy cancers expressing PVRL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Delpeut
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Noyce
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Richardson
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5 NS, Canada.
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