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Mantravadi S, George M, Brensinger C, Du M, Baker JF, Ogdie A. Impact of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and methotrexate on diabetes mellitus among patients with inflammatory arthritis. BMC Rheumatol 2020; 4:39. [PMID: 32905192 PMCID: PMC7466800 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-020-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether initiation of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) or methotrexate improves hemoglobin A1c in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who also have diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database, an administrative claims database, using data from 2000 to 2014. Patients with PsA, RA, or AS, with DM (defined by ICD-9-CM codes) and/or HbA1c ≥7%, who newly initiated either a TNFi, MTX, or metformin (positive control) were identified. The change in HbA1c after drug initiation was calculated. Statistical differences in the change in HbA1c between drugs were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 10,389 drug initiations in 9541 patients with PsA, RA, or AS, and available HbA1c values, HbA1c was ≥7 at baseline in 254 (35%) TNFi initiations, 361(37%) MTX initiations, and 2144 (50%) metformin initiations. Median HbA1c change was - 0.35 (IQR -1.10, 0.30) after TNFi initiation, - 0.40 (IQR -1.20, 0.30) after MTX initiation, and - 0.80 (IQR -1.60, - 0.10) after metformin initiation. In adjusted analyses, TNFi initiators had less of a decrease in HbA1c compared to MTX initiators (β 0.22, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.43), p = 0.046. Metformin initiators had a significantly greater decrease in HbA1c than MTX, β - 0.38 (95% CI: - 0.52, - 0.23), p < 0.001. Glucocorticoid use was not accounted for in the models. Conclusion HbA1c decreased with TNFi initiation or MTX initiation. Reductions in HbA1c after initiation of a TNFi or MTX are about half (~ 0.4 units) the decrease observed after initiation of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Mantravadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, 1170 Main Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5244 USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, White Building Rm 5023, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, White Building Rm 5023, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Colleen Brensinger
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Joshua F Baker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, White Building Rm 5023, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alexis Ogdie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, White Building Rm 5023, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Soares Moretti AI, Martins Laurindo FR. Protein disulfide isomerases: Redox connections in and out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:106-119. [PMID: 27889386 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily. As redox folding catalysts from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), their roles in ER-related redox homeostasis and signaling are well-studied. PDIA1 exerts thiol oxidation/reduction and isomerization, plus chaperone effects. Also, substantial evidence indicates that PDIs regulate thiol-disulfide switches in other cell locations such as cell surface and possibly cytosol. Subcellular PDI translocation routes remain unclear and seem Golgi-independent. The list of signaling and structural proteins reportedly regulated by PDIs keeps growing, via thiol switches involving oxidation, reduction and isomerization, S-(de)nytrosylation, (de)glutathyonylation and protein oligomerization. PDIA1 is required for agonist-triggered Nox NADPH oxidase activation and cell migration in vascular cells and macrophages, while PDIA1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation appears a converging pathway. Extracellularly, PDIs crucially regulate thiol redox signaling of thrombosis/platelet activation, e.g., integrins, and PDIA1 supports expansive caliber remodeling during injury repair via matrix/cytoskeletal organization. Some proteins display regulatory PDI-like motifs. PDI effects are orchestrated by expression levels or post-translational modifications. PDI is redox-sensitive, although probably not a mass-effect redox sensor due to kinetic constraints. Rather, the "all-in-one" organization of its peculiar redox/chaperone properties likely provide PDIs with precision and versatility in redox signaling, making them promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ciuffa R, Caron E, Leitner A, Uliana F, Gstaiger M, Aebersold R. Contribution of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to the Understanding of TNF-α Signaling. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:14-33. [PMID: 27762135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a family of ubiquitous dimeric transcription factors that play a role in a myriad of cellular processes, ranging from differentiation to stress response and immunity. In inflammation, activation of NF-κB is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular the prototypic cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, which trigger the activation of complex signaling cascades. In spite of decades of research, the system level understanding of TNF-α signaling is still incomplete. This is partially due to the limited knowledge at the proteome level. The objective of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the current status of the proteomic research on TNF-α signaling. We will discuss the merits and flaws of the existing studies as well as the insights that they have generated into the proteomic landscape and architecture connected to this signaling pathway. Besides delineating past and current trends in TNF-α proteomic research, we will identify research directions and new methodologies that can further contribute to characterize the TNF-α associated proteome in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ciuffa
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Caron
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Uliana
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gstaiger
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich , 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li YY, Shi ZM, Yu XY, Feng P, Wang XJ. Urotensin II-induced insulin resistance is mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5769-5779. [PMID: 27433090 PMCID: PMC4932212 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigated the effects of urotensin II (UII) on hepatic insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and the potential mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were cultured with or without exogenous UII for 24 h, in the presence or absence of 100 nmol/L insulin for the last 30 min. Glucose levels were detected by the glucose-oxidase method and glycogen synthesis was analyzed by glycogen colorimetric/fluorometric assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with a multimode reader using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe. The protein expression and phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), insulin signal essential molecules such as insulin receptor substrate -1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and glucose transporter-2 (Glut 2), and NADPH oxidase subunits such as gp91phox, p67phox, p47phox, p40phox, and p22phox were evaluated by Western blot.
RESULTS: Exposure to 100 nmol/L UII reduced the insulin-induced glucose consumption (P < 0.05) and glycogen content (P < 0.01) in HepG2 cells compared with cells without UII. UII also abolished insulin-stimulated protein expression (P < 0.01) and phosphorylation of IRS-1 (P < 0.05), associated with down-regulation of Akt (P < 0.05) and GSK-3β (P < 0.05) phosphorylation levels, and the expression of Glut 2 (P < 0.001), indicating an insulin-resistance state in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, UII enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK (P < 0.05), while the activity of JNK, insulin signaling, such as total protein of IRS-1 (P < 0.001), phosphorylation of IRS-1 (P < 0.001) and GSK-3β (P < 0.05), and glycogen synthesis (P < 0.001) could be reversed by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Besides, UII markedly improved ROS generation (P < 0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunit expression (P < 0.05). However, the antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin could decrease UII-induced ROS production (P < 0.05), JNK phosphorylation (P < 0.05), and insulin resistance (P < 0.05) in HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION: UII induces insulin resistance, and this can be reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125 and antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin targeting the insulin signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Bulger DA, Conley J, Conner SH, Majumdar G, Solomon SS. Role of PTEN in TNFα induced insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:533-6. [PMID: 25918024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS PTEN may play a reversible role in TNFα induced insulin resistance, which has been linked to obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Western blots for PTEN and p-Akt were performed on H-411E liver cells incubated with insulin, TNFα, and in selected experiments VO-OHpic vanadium complex in the presence and absence of PTEN siRNA. Total PTEN was compared to β-actin loading control and p-Akt was compared to total Akt. RESULTS Western blot and Real Time RT-PCR experiments showed increased PTEN after TNFα treatment (p = 0.04); slightly decreased PTEN after insulin treatment; and slightly increased PTEN after insulin + TNFα treatment. PTEN siRNA markedly inhibited the TNFα-induced increase in PTEN (p < 0.01) without significantly changing the p-Akt levels. The vanadium complex, exhibiting insulin-like effects, also significantly prevented the TNFα-induced increase in PTEN. Combining insulin and VO-OHpic was additive, providing both proof of concept and insight into mechanism. DISCUSSION The PTEN increase due to TNFα treatment was reversible by both PTEN siRNA knockdown and VO-OHpic treatment. Thus, PTEN is identified as a potential new therapeutic target for reducing IR in Type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bulger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Association Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jermaine Conley
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Association Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Spencer H Conner
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Association Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Gipsy Majumdar
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Association Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Solomon S Solomon
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Association Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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Regucalcin as a potential biomarker for metabolic and neuronal diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 391:157-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rahaman MM, Sawa T, Ahtesham AK, Khan S, Inoue H, Irie A, Fujii S, Akaike T. S-guanylation proteomics for redox-based mitochondrial signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:295-307. [PMID: 22978631 PMCID: PMC3887461 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Nitro-cGMP) is a nitrated derivative of cGMP that is formed via cross-talk of reactive oxygen species formed by NADPH oxidase 2 and mitochondria. This nitrated nucleotide can function as a unique electrophilic second messenger in regulation of redox signaling by inducing a post-translational modification of protein thiols via cGMP adduction (protein S-guanylation). With S-guanylation proteomics, we investigated endogenous mitochondrial protein S-guanylation. RESULTS We developed a new mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic method-S-guanylation proteomics-which comprised two approaches: (i) direct protein digestion followed by immunoaffinity capture of S-guanylated peptides that were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS); and (ii) two-dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoretic separation of S-guanylated proteins that were subjected to in-gel digestion, followed by LC-MS/MS. We thereby identified certain mitochondrial proteins that are S-guanylated endogenously during immunological stimulation, including mortalin and 60-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP60). Mortalin and HSP60 were recently reported to regulate mitochondrial permeability-transition pore (mPTP) opening, at least partly, by interacting with cyclophilin D, an mPTP component. Our data revealed that immunological stimulation and 8-nitro-cGMP treatment induced mPTP opening in a cyclophilin D-dependent manner. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our S-guanylation proteomic method determined that mitochondrial HSPs may be novel targets for redox modification via protein S-guanylation that participates in mPTP regulation and mitochondrial redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mizanur Rahaman
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
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Camargo LDL, Babelova A, Mieth A, Weigert A, Mooz J, Rajalingam K, Heide H, Wittig I, Lopes LR, Brandes RP. Endo-PDI is required for TNFα-induced angiogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1398-1407. [PMID: 24103565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and its homologs are oxidoreductases facilitating protein folding in the ER. Endo-PDI (also termed ERp46) is highly expressed in endothelial cells. It belongs to the PDI family but its physiological function is largely unknown. We studied the role of Endo-PDI in endothelial angiogenic responses. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (with TNFα (10ng/ml) increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This effect was largely attenuated by Endo-PDI siRNA, whereas JNK and p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation was Endo-PDI independent. Similarly, TNFα-stimulated NF-κB signaling determined by IκBα degradation as well as TNFα-induced ICAM expression was unaffected by Endo-PDI siRNA. The action of Endo-PDI was not mediated by extracellular thiol exchange or cell surface PDI as demonstrated by nonpermeative inhibitors and PDI-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, exogenously added PDI failed to restore ERK1/2 activation after Endo-PDI knockdown. This suggests that Endo-PDI acts intracellularly potentially by maintaining the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Indeed, knockdown of Endo-PDI attenuated Ras activation measured by G-LISA and Raf phosphorylation. ERK activation influences gene expression by the transcriptional factor AP-1, which controls MMP-9 and cathepsin B, two proteases required for angiogenesis. TNFα-stimulated MMP-9 and cathepsin B induction was reduced by silencing of Endo-PDI. Accordingly, inhibition of cathepsin B or Endo-PDI siRNA blocked the TNFα-stimulated angiogenic response in the spheroid outgrowth assays. Moreover ex vivo tube formation and in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis in response to TNFα were attenuated by Endo-PDI siRNA. In conclusion, our study establishes Endo-PDI as a novel, important mediator of AP-1-driven gene expression and endothelial angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia de Lucca Camargo
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Mieth
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliane Mooz
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Heide
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T. Involvement of regucalcin in lipid metabolism and diabetes. Metabolism 2013; 62:1045-51. [PMID: 23453039 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN/SMP30) was originally discovered in 1978 as a unique calcium-binding protein that does not contain the EF-hand motif of calcium-binding domain. The regucalcin gene (rgn) is localized on the X chromosome and is identified in over 15 species consisting the regucalcin family. Regucalcin has been shown to play a multifunctional role in cell regulation; maintaining of intracellular calcium homeostasis and suppressing of signal transduction, translational protein synthesis, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in many cell types. Moreover, regucalcin may play a pathophysiological role in metabolic disorder. The expression of regucalcin is stimulated through the action of insulin in liver cells in vitro and in vivo and it is decreased in the liver of rats with type I diabetes induced by streptozotocin administration in vivo. Overexpression of endogenous regucalcin stimulates glucose utilization and lipid production in liver cells with glucose supplementation in vitro. Regucalcin reveals insulin resistance in liver cells. Deficiency of regucalcin induces an impairment of glucose tolerance and lipid accumulation in the liver of mice in vivo. Overexpression of endogenous regucalcin has been shown to decrease triglyceride, total cholesterol and glycogen contents in the liver of rats, inducing hyperlipidemia. Leptin and adiponectin mRNA expressions in the liver tissues are decreased in regucalcin transgenic rats. Decrease in hepatic regucalcin is associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in human patients. Regucalcin may be a key molecule in lipid metabolic disorder and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Weiss L, Bernstein S, Jones R, Amunugama R, Krizman D, Jebailey L, Almogi-Hazan O, Yekhtin Z, Shiner R, Reibstein I, Triche E, Slavin S, Or R, Barnea ER. Preimplantation factor (PIF) analog prevents type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) development by preserving pancreatic function in NOD mice. Endocrine 2011; 40:41-54. [PMID: 21424847 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is a novel embryo-secreted immunomodulatory peptide. Its synthetic analog (sPIF) modulates maternal immunity without suppression. There is an urgent need to develop agents that could prevent the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM). Herein, we examine sPIF's preventive effect on TIDM development by using acute adoptive-transfer (ATDM) and spontaneously developing (SDM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) murine models. Diabetes was evaluated by urinary and plasma glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), pancreatic islets insulin staining by immunohistochemistry and by pancreatic proteome evaluation using mass spectrometry, followed by signal pathway analysis. Continuous administration of sPIF for 4-weeks prevents diabetes development in ATDM model in >90% of recipients demonstrated by normal IPGTT, preserved islets architecture, number, and insulin staining. (P < 0.01). sPIF effect was specific; its protective effects are not replicated by scrambled PIF (χ(2) = 0.009) control. sPIF led also to increased circulating Th2 and Th1 cytokines. In SDM model, 4-week continuous sPIF administration prevented onset of diabetes for 21 weeks post-therapy (P < 0.01). Low-dose sPIF administration for 16 weeks prevented diabetes development up to 14 weeks post-therapy, evidenced by preserved islets architecture and insulin staining. In SDM model, pancreatic proteome pathway analysis demonstrated that sPIF regulates protein traffic, prevents protein misfolding and aggregation, and reduces oxidative stress and islets apoptosis, leading to preserved insulin staining. sPIF further increased insulin receptor expression and reduced actin and tubulin proteins, thereby blocking neutrophil invasion and inflammation. Exocrine pancreatic function was also preserved. sPIF administration results in marked prevention of spontaneous and induced adoptive-transfer diabetes suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating early-stage TIDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Weiss
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gupta-Ganguli M, Cox K, Means B, Gerling I, Solomon SS. Does therapy with anti-TNF-alpha improve glucose tolerance and control in patients with type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Care 2011; 34:e121. [PMID: 21709287 PMCID: PMC3120166 DOI: 10.2337/dc10-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malini Gupta-Ganguli
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and the
| | - Kyle Cox
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
| | - Blake Means
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
| | - Ivan Gerling
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and the
| | - Solomon S. Solomon
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; the
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and the
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Yamaguchi M. Regucalcin and metabolic disorders: osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia are induced in regucalcin transgenic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 341:119-33. [PMID: 20349117 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regucalcin transgenic (TG) rat has been generated to determine the role in metabolic disorders. Regucalcin homozygote male and female rats induce a prominent increase in regucalcin protein in the various tissues. Bone loss has been found to induce in regucalcin TG rats with growing (5 weeks old) and aging (50 weeks old). Osteoclastogenesis has been shown to stimulate in culture with the bone marrow cells obtained from regucalcin TG rats. Exogenous regucalcin stimulates osteoclastogenesis in mouse marrow culture in vitro. Regucalcin has a suppressive effect on the differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. The mechanism by which regucalcin TG rat induces bone loss may result from the enhancement of osteoclastic bone resorption and the suppression of osteoblastic bone formation. Moreover, regucalcin TG rat has been found to induce hyperlipidemia with increasing age (14-50 weeks); serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, free fatty acid, albumin and calcium concentrations are markedly increased in regucalcin TG male and female rats with increasing age. The decrease in lipid and glycogen contents in liver tissues is induced in regucalcin TG rats. The gene expression of leptin and adiponectin is suppressed in the TG rats. Overexpression of regucalcin has been shown to enhance glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells in vitro, and insulin resistance is seen in the cells. The expression of glucose transporter 2 mRNA is increased in the transfectants, while it has been shown to suppress insulin receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mRNA expressions that are involved in insulin signaling. This review proposes that regucalcin relates in osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia, and that the regucalcin TG rat model may be useful in determining the pathophysiologic state and the development of therapeutic tool for osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMRB, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, USA.
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Novak EM, Lee EK, Innis SM, Keller BO. Identification of novel protein targets regulated by maternal dietary fatty acid composition in neonatal rat liver. J Proteomics 2009; 73:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Zhang JA, Jia D, Olson DE, Campbell AG, Thulé PM. Hepatic insulin gene therapy diminishes liver glycogen despite insulin responsive transcriptional effects in diabetic CD-1 mice. J Gene Med 2009; 11:588-97. [PMID: 19434628 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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15
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Genome-wide association studies in an isolated founder population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000365. [PMID: 19197348 PMCID: PMC2628735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that the limited genetic diversity and reduced allelic heterogeneity observed in isolated founder populations facilitates discovery of loci contributing to both Mendelian and complex disease. A strong founder effect, severe isolation, and substantial inbreeding have dramatically reduced genetic diversity in natives from the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, who exhibit a high prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that genetic drift and possibly natural selection on Kosrae might have increased the frequency of previously rare genetic variants with relatively large effects, making these alleles readily detectable in genome-wide association analysis. However, mapping in large, inbred cohorts introduces analytic challenges, as extensive relatedness between subjects violates the assumptions of independence upon which traditional association test statistics are based. We performed genome-wide association analysis for 15 quantitative traits in 2,906 members of the Kosrae population, using novel approaches to manage the extreme relatedness in the sample. As positive controls, we observe association to known loci for plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein and to a compelling candidate loci for thyroid stimulating hormone and fasting plasma glucose. We show that our study is well powered to detect common alleles explaining >/=5% phenotypic variance. However, no such large effects were observed with genome-wide significance, arguing that even in such a severely inbred population, common alleles typically have modest effects. Finally, we show that a majority of common variants discovered in Caucasians have indistinguishable effect sizes on Kosrae, despite the major differences in population genetics and environment.
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16
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Stentz FB, Kitabchi AE. Transcriptome and proteome expressions involved in insulin resistance in muscle and activated T-lymphocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2008; 5:216-35. [PMID: 18267303 PMCID: PMC5054231 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the genes expressed (transcriptomes) and the proteins translated (pro- teomes) in muscle tissues and activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes (T-cells) of five Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects using Affymetrix microarrays and mass spectrometry, and compared them with matched non-diabetic controls. Gene expressions of insulin receptor (INSR), vitamin D receptor, insulin degrading enzyme, Akt, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were decreased at least 50% in T2DM than in controls. However, there was greater than two-fold gene upregulation of plasma cell glycoprotein-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha, and gluconeogenic enzymes in T2DM than in controls. The gene silencing for INSR or TNFalpha resulted in the inhibition or stimulation of GLUT4, respectively. Proteome profiles corresponding to molecular weights of the above translated transcriptomes showed different patterns of changes between T2DM and controls. Meanwhile, changes in transcriptomes and proteomes between muscle and activated T-cells of T2DM were comparable. Activated T-cells, analogous to muscle cells, expressed insulin signaling and glucose metabolism genes and gene products. In conclusion, T-cells and muscle in T2DM exhibited differences in expression of certain genes and gene products relative to non-diabetic controls. These alterations in transcriptomes and proteomes in T2DM may be involved in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie B Stentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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17
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Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Baek YM, Lee SH, Hwang HS, Yun JW. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat pancreas in response to fungal polysaccharide treatments. Proteomics 2008; 8:2344-61. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Oh-Ishi M, Kodera Y, Furudate SI, Maeda T. Disease proteomics of endocrine disorders revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:327-37. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Borro M, Gentile G, Stigliano A, Misiti S, Toscano V, Simmaco M. Proteomic analysis of peripheral T lymphocytes, suitable circulating biosensors of strictly related diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:494-501. [PMID: 17900306 PMCID: PMC2219372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes and/or their subpopulations from peripheral blood may represent molecular sensors to be used for the evaluation of gene expression modification in physiological and pathological conditions, providing a unique and easily available biological model for integrated studies of gene expression in humans. In this study, a proteomic approach was applied to evaluate the association between changes in T cell protein expression patterns and specific diseased conditions. In particular, two hyperandrogenic syndromes were studied, sharing many clinical and biochemical signs: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Comparison of proteomic maps of T lymphocytes derived from patients affected by PCOS or CAH with those derived from healthy subjects showed that 14 proteins are expressed differentially in both PCOS and CAH, 15 exclusively in PCOS and 35 exclusively in CAH. Seventeen of these proteins have been identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, proteomic data mining by hierarchical clustering was performed, highlighting T lymphocytes competence as a living biosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, II Faculty of Medicine, University La Sapienza, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Demasi MAA, Montor WR, Ferreira GB, Pimenta DC, Labriola L, Sogayar MC. Differential proteomic analysis of the anti-proliferative effect of glucocorticoid hormones in ST1 rat glioma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 103:137-48. [PMID: 17127050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) exert a potent anti-proliferative activity on several cell types. The classic molecular mechanism of GCs involves modulation of the activity of the glucocorticoids receptor, a transcriptional regulator. However, the anti-proliferative effect of GCs may also involve modulation of processes such as translation, subcellular localization and post-translational modifications, which are not reflected at the mRNA level. To investigate these potential effects of GCs, we employed the proteomic approach (two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) and the ST1 cells, obtained from the C6 rat glioma cell line, as a model. GC treatment leads ST1 cells to a complete transformed-to-normal phenotypic reversion and loss of their tumorigenic potential. By comparing sets of 2D nuclear protein profiles of ST1 cells treated (or not) with hydrocortisone (Hy), 13 polypeptides displaying >or=two-fold difference in abundance upon Hy treatment were found. Five of these polypeptides were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting, including Annexin 2 (ANX2), hnRNP A3 and Ubiquitin. Evidence obtained by Western blot analysis indicates that ANX2 is present in the nucleus and has its subcellular localization modulated by GC-treatment of ST1 cells. Our findings indicate complementary mechanisms contributing to the regulation of gene expression associated with ST1 cells' response to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A A Demasi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Nakashima C, Yamaguchi M. Overexpression of regucalcin enhances glucose utilization and lipid production in cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells: Involvement of insulin resistance. J Cell Biochem 2007; 99:1582-92. [PMID: 16817230 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of regucalcin, which is a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, in the regulation of glucose utilization and lipid production was investigated using the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells overexpressing regucalcin. The hepatoma cells (wild-type) and stable regucalcin/pCXN2-transfected cells (transfectant) were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. Cells with subconfluency were cultured for 24 or 72 h in medium containing either vehicle or insulin (10(-8) or 10(-7) M) with or without supplementation of glucose (10, 25, or 50 mg/ml of medium) in the absence of insulin. The production of triglyceride and free fatty acid was significantly increased in transfectants cultured without insulin and glucose supplementation as compared with that of wild-type cells. The supplementation of glucose (10, 25, or 50 mg/ml) caused a remarkable increase in medium glucose consumption, triglyceride, and free fatty acid productions in transfectants cultured without insulin. The presence of insulin (10(-7) M) caused a significant increase in medium glucose consumption, triglyceride, and free fatty acid productions in wild-type cells cultured with glucose supplementation. These increases were significantly prevented in transfectants cultured for 72 h. The expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, HMG-CoA reductase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNAs in wild-type cells was not significantly changed by culture with or without glucose supplementation in the presence of insulin. These gene expressions were not significantly changed in transfectants. The expression of glucose transporter 2 mRNA was significantly increased in transfectants as compared with that of wild-type cells. Such an increase was not seen in transfectants cultured in the presence of insulin with or without glucose supplementation. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin enhances glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells, and that it regulates the effect of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Nakashima
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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22
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Herde P, Blankenfeldt W. The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of human MAWDBP, a member of the phenazine biosynthesis-like protein family. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:546-9. [PMID: 16754977 PMCID: PMC2243103 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106015648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
MAWDBP is the only representative of the phenazine biosynthesis-like protein family in the human genome. Its expression is elevated in several disease processes, including insulin resistance, folate deficiency and hypotension, and it may also be involved in carcinogenesis. The exact molecular function of MAWDBP is unknown. Native and seleno-L-methionine-labelled MAWDBP were expressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized at room temperature from precipitants containing 10 mM KF, 14%(w/v) PEG 3350 and 0.1 M sodium citrate pH 5.4. Crystals belong to space group H32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 187, c = 241 A, indicative of three to five monomers per asymmetric unit. Crystals were cryoprotected with 15%(v/v) glycerol and data have been collected to 2.7 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Herde
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
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23
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Majumdar G, Harrington A, Hungerford J, Martinez-Hernandez A, Gerling IC, Raghow R, Solomon S. Insulin Dynamically Regulates Calmodulin Gene Expression by Sequential O-Glycosylation and Phosphorylation of Sp1 and Its Subcellular Compartmentalization in Liver Cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:3642-50. [PMID: 16332679 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511223200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-glycosylation and phosphorylation of Sp1 are thought to modulate the expression of a number of genes in normal and diabetic state. Sp1 is an obligatory transcription factor for constitutive and insulin-responsive expression of the calmodulin gene (Majumdar, G., Harmon, A., Candelaria, R., Martinez-Hernandez, A., Raghow, R., and Solomon, S. S. (2003) Am. J. Physiol. 285, E584-E591). Here we report the temporal dynamics of accumulation of total, O-GlcNAc-modified, and phosphorylated Sp1 in H-411E hepatoma cells by immunohistochemistry with monospecific antibodies, confocal microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Insulin elicited sequential and reciprocal post-translational modifications of Sp1. The O-glycosylation of Sp1 and its nuclear accumulation induced by insulin peaked early (approximately 30 min), followed by a steady decline of O-GlcNAc-modified Sp1 to negligible levels by 240 min. The accumulation of phosphorylated Sp1 in the nuclei of insulin-treated cells showed an opposite pattern, increasing steadily until reaching a maximum around 240 min after treatment. Analyses of the total, O-GlcNAc-modified, or phosphorylated Sp1 by Western blot and mass spectrometry corroborated the sequential and reciprocal control of post-translational modifications of Sp1 in response to insulin. Treatment of cells with streptozotocin (a potent inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase) led to hyperglycosylation of Sp1 that failed to be significantly phosphorylated. The mass spectrometry data indicated that a number of common serine residues of Sp1 undergo time-dependent, reciprocal O-glycosylation and phosphorylation, paralleling its rapid translocation from cytoplasm to the nucleus. Later, changes in the steady state levels of phosphorylated Sp1 mimicked the enhanced steady state levels of calmodulin mRNA seen after insulin treatment. Thus, O-glycosylation of Sp1 appears to be critical for its localization into the nucleus, where it undergoes obligatory phosphorylation that is needed for Sp1 to activate calmodulin gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Blotting, Western
- Calmodulin/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycosylation
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoprecipitation
- Insulin/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Peptides/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Serine/chemistry
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Gipsy Majumdar
- Research, Medical, and Pathology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Memphis, Tennessee 38104, USA
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24
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Gerling IC, Singh S, Lenchik NI, Marshall DR, Wu J. New Data Analysis and Mining Approaches Identify Unique Proteome and Transcriptome Markers of Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diabetes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:293-305. [PMID: 16227630 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500197-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop autoimmunity to the insulin producing beta cells leading to insulin-dependent diabetes. In this study we developed and used new data analysis and mining approaches on combined proteome and transcriptome (molecular phenotype) data to define pathways affected by abnormalities in peripheral leukocytes of young NOD female mice. Cells were collected before mice show signs of autoimmunity (age, 2-4 weeks). We extracted both protein and RNA from NOD and C57BL/6 control mice to conduct both proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and transcriptome analysis on Affymetrix expression arrays. We developed a new approach to analyze the two-dimensional gel proteome data that included two-way analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Lists of differentially expressed proteins and transcripts were subjected to pathway analysis using a commercial service. From the list of 24 proteins differentially expressed between strains we identified two highly significant and interconnected networks centered around oncogenes (Myc and Mycn) and apoptosis-related genes (Bcl2 and Casp3). The 273 genes with significant strain differences in RNA expression levels created six interconnected networks with a significant over-representation of genes related to cancer, cell cycle, and cell death. They contained many of the same genes found in the proteome networks (including Myc and Mycn). The combination of the eight, highly significant networks created one large network of 272 genes of which 82 had differential expression between strains either at the protein or the RNA level. We conclude that new proteome data analysis strategies and combined information from proteome and transcriptome can enhance the insights gained from either type of data alone. The overall systems biology of prediabetic NOD mice points toward abnormalities in regulation of the opposing processes of cell renewal and cell death even before there are any clear signatures of immune system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 28104, USA.
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