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Collins PY, Sinha M, Concepcion T, Patton G, Way T, McCay L, Mensa-Kwao A, Herrman H, de Leeuw E, Anand N, Atwoli L, Bardikoff N, Booysen C, Bustamante I, Chen Y, Davis K, Dua T, Foote N, Hughsam M, Juma D, Khanal S, Kumar M, Lefkowitz B, McDermott P, Moitra M, Ochieng Y, Omigbodun O, Queen E, Unützer J, Uribe-Restrepo JM, Wolpert M, Zeitz L. Making cities mental health friendly for adolescents and young adults. Nature 2024; 627:137-148. [PMID: 38383777 PMCID: PMC10917657 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Urban life shapes the mental health of city dwellers, and although cities provide access to health, education and economic gain, urban environments are often detrimental to mental health1,2. Increasing urbanization over the next three decades will be accompanied by a growing population of children and adolescents living in cities3. Shaping the aspects of urban life that influence youth mental health could have an enormous impact on adolescent well-being and adult trajectories4. We invited a multidisciplinary, global group of researchers, practitioners, advocates and young people to complete sequential surveys to identify and prioritize the characteristics of a mental health-friendly city for young people. Here we show a set of ranked characteristic statements, grouped by personal, interpersonal, community, organizational, policy and environmental domains of intervention. Life skills for personal development, valuing and accepting young people's ideas and choices, providing safe public space for social connection, employment and job security, centring youth input in urban planning and design, and addressing adverse social determinants were priorities by domain. We report the adversities that COVID-19 generated and link relevant actions to these data. Our findings highlight the need for intersectoral, multilevel intervention and for inclusive, equitable, participatory design of cities that support youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y Collins
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Tessa Concepcion
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thaisa Way
- Dumbarton Oaks, Harvard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Layla McCay
- Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Augustina Mensa-Kwao
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyne de Leeuw
- Ecole de Sante Publique, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nalini Anand
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yajun Chen
- Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tarun Dua
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Damian Juma
- Healthy Brains Global Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Manasi Kumar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bina Lefkowitz
- Sacramento County Board of Education, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Lefkowitz Consulting, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Modhurima Moitra
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Queen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Unützer
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Lian Zeitz
- Climate Mental Health Network, Annapolis, MD, USA
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Li H, Yang Z, You L, Liu S. Exploration of the factors influencing the quality of life among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: the data from a cross-sectional study in Shandong. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:573. [PMID: 38388446 PMCID: PMC10885489 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked unprecedented transformations in the lives of adolescents, with reshaping their routines, social dynamics, educational experiences, and overall well-being. Our study delves into the influence of various factors on adolescents' quality of life (QOL) among the COVID-19 pandemic in Shandong Province, China. METHODS Employing a cross-sectional research approach combined with multivariable analysis, we scrutinize the association of demographic factors (age, gender, education level, ethnic groups, urban area, and family economic status) and health-related behaviors (sleep duration, and self-reported health status) with QOL in 9953 students. RESULTS During the pandemic, the average QOL for adolescents in Shandong Province was 133. Our analysis revealed that sleep duration and age had statistically significant associations with total QOL, with the OR values of 1.43 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 1.83) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.70), respectively. Notably, we observed that adolescents from economically disadvantaged families, or those with poorer self-reported health status, were more likely to report lower QOL scores. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study highlights the potential association of sleep duration, age, family economic status, and self-reported health with the QOL of adolescents in Shandong Province during the pandemic. During similar public health crises, policymakers, educators, and healthcare providers can actively work through resource allocation and effective intervention measures towards alleviating financial burdens, improving health conditions, and ultimately enhancing the total QOL for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 350012, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361003, Xiamen, China
| | - Libin You
- Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 350012, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Zoonotic Disease Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 350012, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361003, Xiamen, China.
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Mamani-Benito O, Carranza Esteban RF, Cjuno J, Tito-Betancur M, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Carbajal-León C, Lingán-Huamán SK. Translation and validation of the satisfaction with life scale in the native Quechua (Collao variant) language of southern Perú. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21918. [PMID: 38034749 PMCID: PMC10682122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on life satisfaction in indigenous populations is limited due to language barriers. Therefore, this paper aimed to translate and validate the Life Satisfaction Scale into the original Quechua language (collao variant) of southern Peru. The research was classified as instrumental and transversal and was conducted with the voluntary participation of 242 Quechua adults speaking the collao variant. The instrument that was translated was the 5-item SWLS, previously adapted to Peruvian Spanish. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty of the items were evaluated from the item response theory (IRT). Expert judgment was favorable for all items (V > 0.70), confirming the 1-dimensional structure of the scale (χ2 = 8.972, df = 5, p = .000; CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.970 and RMSEA = 0.057), with acceptable reliability (ω = 0.65). All the items of the scale presented adequate discrimination indices; in addition, the results of the evaluation of factorial invariance as a function of gender demonstrated configurational equivalence but an absence of metric invariance. In conclusion, the SWLS translated into Collao Quechua (collao variant) has a stable factorial structure and adequate internal consistency, although it was not possible to completely demonstrate the invariance by gender, it can be used for initial investigations to measure satisfaction with life of the Quechua-speaking indigenous population of southern Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Julio Cjuno
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Perú
| | | | | | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Susana K. Lingán-Huamán
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Li H, Wei YD. COVID-19, Cities and Inequality. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY (SEVENOAKS, ENGLAND) 2023; 160:103059. [PMID: 37841058 PMCID: PMC10569256 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has changed our lives and will likely leave a lasting imprint on our cities. This paper reviews how the pandemic has altered the way people commute, work, collaborate, and consume, especially its reflection on urban space and spatial inequality. We conceptualize these urban changes as structural transformation, accelerated transition, and temporal change. First, we have seen more structural transformation far exceeding scholars' earlier predictions, especially remote working and global supply chain restructuring. Second, COVID-19 has accelerated the processes of digitalization and sustainable transition. While COVID-19 has contributed to suburbanization and urban sprawl, it has also raised the significance of green spaces and the environment. Third, COVID-19 reduced human impact on the environment, which might be temporary. Last, the pandemic has also amplified the pre-existing inequalities in urban areas, created a more fragmented and segregated urban landscape, and expanded the scope of urban inequality research by connecting health inequality with environmental and socio-injustice. We further discuss the emergence of post-pandemic urban theories and identify research questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yehua Dennis Wei
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9155, USA
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Talal ML, Gruntman M. Urban nature visitation, accessibility, and impact of travel distance for sustainable cities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17808. [PMID: 37853084 PMCID: PMC10584958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accessible urban nature is a key component of creating sustainable urban communities and promoting human health and well-being. To balance the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, the United Nations adopted several sustainable developmental goals (SDGs), such as SDG 11 for sustainable cities and communities, which aims to improve urban planning and management, including equitable access to urban nature. However, more information is still needed regarding how planners and managers can promote urban nature visitation and equitable access during health and environmental crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in urban nature visitation during the pandemic and then to determine if the effect of the pandemic on the frequency of urban nature site visitation varied by distance to home, using an innovative approach of analyzing both publicly available large-scale mobility data and a web-based survey of urban residents of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. The mobility data results showed that there was a negative mean % difference in park visits compared to baseline during the first and third lockdowns, but an increase compared to baseline between lockdowns and even during the second lockdown. This suggests that urban residents had greater need to reconnect with urban nature during and after periods of intense stress. In addition, the survey results showed an increasing negative effect of distance on urban nature site visitation during the pandemic, specifically for urban nature sites located more than 1 km from home. Altogether, the mobility data and survey results suggest that people who lived within 1 km of their preferred urban nature site had disproportionate access to the benefits of urban nature during and after lockdowns than others. To effectively make social and ecological transitions toward urban sustainability, it is vital that cities promote urban nature accessibility during current and future environmental and health crises. Cities should collaborate with diverse stakeholders to create/maintain accessible urban nature sites nearby all sociodemographic groups, provide sustainability education and training to convey the benefits of urban nature, and pursue participatory solutions for understanding urban nature needs and preferences. In this manner, it will be possible to address the growing influence of proximity/travel distance and additional factors that affect urban nature visitation and ultimately, human health and urban sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Talal
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
- Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Michal Gruntman
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
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6
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Chia S, Xia J, Kwan YH, Lim ZY, Tan CS, Low SG, Xu B, Loo YX, Kong LY, Koh CW, Towle RM, Lim SF, Yoon S, Seah SSY, Low LL. Evaluating the association of COVID-19 restrictions on discharge planning and post-discharge outcomes in the community hospital and Singapore regional health system. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2023; 3:1147698. [PMID: 37744642 PMCID: PMC10513784 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1147698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 is a global health issue with widespread impact around the world, and many countries initiated lockdowns as part of their preventive measures. We aim to quantify the duration of delay in discharge to community from Community Hospitals, as well as quantify adverse patient outcomes post discharge pre and during lockdown period. Design and methods We conducted a before-after study comparing the length of stay in Community Hospitals, unscheduled readmissions or Emergency Department attendance, patients' quality of life using EQ5D-5l, number and severity of falls, in patients admitted and discharged before and during lockdown period. Results The average length of stay in the lockdown group (27.77 days) were significantly longer than that of the pre-lockdown group (23.76 days), p = 0.003. There were similar proportions of patients with self-reported falls post discharge between both groups. Patients in the pre-lockdown group had slightly better EQ-5D-5l Index score at 0.55, compared to the lockdown study group at 0.49. Half of the patients in both groups were referred to Community Care Services on discharge. Conclusion Our study would help in developing a future systematic preparedness guideline and contingency plans in times of disease outbreak and other similar public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermain Chia
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiawen Xia
- Research and Translational Innovation Office, Singhealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhui Ying Lim
- Population Health & Integrated Care Office, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sher Guan Low
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Sengkang Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bangyu Xu
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Sengkang Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xian Loo
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Yee Kong
- Medical Social Services, Sengkang Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Koh
- Medical Social Services, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Marie Towle
- Specialty Nursing, Population Health & Integrated Care Office, Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Fee Lim
- Regional Health System Community Nursing, Population Health & Integrated Care Office, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwon Yoon
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharna Si Ying Seah
- Research and Translational Innovation Office, Singhealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Li J, Fong DYT, Lok KYW, Wong JYH, Man Ho M, Choi EPH, Pandian V, Davidson PM, Duan W, Tarrant M, Lee JJ, Lin CC, Akingbade O, Alabdulwahhab KM, Ahmad MS, Alboraie M, Alzahrani MA, Bilimale AS, Boonpatcharanon S, Byiringiro S, Hasan MKC, Schettini LC, Corzo W, De Leon JM, De Leon AS, Deek H, Efficace F, El Nayal MA, El-Raey F, Ensaldo-Carrasco E, Escotorin P, Fadodun OA, Fawole IO, Goh YSS, Irawan D, Khan NE, Koirala B, Krishna A, Kwok C, Le TT, Leal DG, Lezana-Fernández MÁ, Manirambona E, Mantoani LC, Meneses-González F, Mohamed IE, Mukeshimana M, Nguyen CTM, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen KT, Nguyen ST, Nurumal MS, Nzabonimana A, Omer NAMA, Ogungbe O, Poon ACY, Reséndiz-Rodriguez A, Puang-Ngern B, Sagun CG, Shaik RA, Shankar NG, Sommer K, Toro E, Tran HTH, Urgel EL, Uwiringiyimana E, Vanichbuncha T, Youssef N. Global impacts of COVID-19 on lifestyles and health and preparation preferences: An international survey of 30 countries. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06031. [PMID: 37565394 PMCID: PMC10416140 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The health area being greatest impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and residents' perspective to better prepare for future pandemic remain unknown. We aimed to assess and make cross-country and cross-region comparisons of the global impacts of COVID-19 and preparation preferences of pandemic. Methods We recruited adults in 30 countries covering all World Health Organization (WHO) regions from July 2020 to August 2021. 5 Likert-point scales were used to measure their perceived change in 32 aspects due to COVID-19 (-2 = substantially reduced to 2 = substantially increased) and perceived importance of 13 preparations (1 = not important to 5 = extremely important). Samples were stratified by age and gender in the corresponding countries. Multidimensional preference analysis displays disparities between 30 countries, WHO regions, economic development levels, and COVID-19 severity levels. Results 16 512 adults participated, with 10 351 females. Among 32 aspects of impact, the most affected were having a meal at home (mean (m) = 0.84, standard error (SE) = 0.01), cooking at home (m = 0.78, SE = 0.01), social activities (m = -0.68, SE = 0.01), duration of screen time (m = 0.67, SE = 0.01), and duration of sitting (m = 0.59, SE = 0.01). Alcohol (m = -0.36, SE = 0.01) and tobacco (m = -0.38, SE = 0.01) consumption declined moderately. Among 13 preparations, respondents rated medicine delivery (m = 3.50, SE = 0.01), getting prescribed medicine in a hospital visit / follow-up in a community pharmacy (m = 3.37, SE = 0.01), and online shopping (m = 3.33, SE = 0.02) as the most important. The multidimensional preference analysis showed the European Region, Region of the Americas, Western Pacific Region and countries with a high-income level or medium to high COVID-19 severity were more adversely impacted on sitting and screen time duration and social activities, whereas other regions and countries experienced more cooking and eating at home. Countries with a high-income level or medium to high COVID-19 severity reported higher perceived mental burden and emotional distress. Except for low- and lower-middle-income countries, medicine delivery was always prioritised. Conclusions Global increasing sitting and screen time and limiting social activities deserve as much attention as mental health. Besides, the pandemic has ushered in a notable enhancement in lifestyle of home cooking and eating, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. A health care system and technological infrastructure that facilitate medicine delivery, medicine prescription, and online shopping are priorities for coping with future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Man Ho
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Pui Hang Choi
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oluwadamilare Akingbade
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Nursing Research, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meshari A Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil S Bilimale
- School of Public Health, JSS Medical College, JSS AHER, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Samuel Byiringiro
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiba Deek
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA), Data Center and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fathiya El-Raey
- Department of hepatogastroenterology and infectious diseases, Damietta faculty of medicine, Al-Azher University, Egypt
| | | | - Pilar Escotorin
- Laboratory of Applied Prosocial Research, Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Yong-Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Devi Irawan
- School of Nursing, Wijaya Husada Health Institute, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Binu Koirala
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Health Care Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leandro Cruz Mantoani
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL) – Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Iman Elmahdi Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Libya
| | - Madeleine Mukeshimana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohd Said Nurumal
- Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Aimable Nzabonimana
- Center for Language Enhancement, College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ceryl G Sagun
- School of Nursing, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhil Gauri Shankar
- Mental Health and Learning division, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Sommer
- Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA), Data Center and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Edgardo Toro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, School of Social Work, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Elvira L Urgel
- School of Nursing, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Tita Vanichbuncha
- Department of Statistics, Chulalongkorn Business School, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naglaa Youssef
- Medical-surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt
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Venerandi A, Aiello LM, Porta S. Urban form and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Greater London: An urban morphometric approach. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING. B, URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE 2023; 50:1228-1243. [PMID: 38603353 PMCID: PMC9574546 DOI: 10.1177/23998083221133397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a considerable debate in relation to urban density. This is an old debate, originated in mid 19th century's England with the emergence of public health and urban planning disciplines. While popularly linked, evidence suggests that such relationship cannot be generally assumed. Furthermore, urban density has been investigated in a spatially coarse manner (predominantly at city level) and never contextualised with other descriptors of urban form. In this work, we explore COVID-19 and urban form in Greater London, relating a comprehensive set of morphometric descriptors (including built-up density) to COVID-19 deaths and cases, while controlling for socioeconomic, ethnicity, age and co-morbidity. We describe urban form at individual building level and then aggregate information for official neighbourhoods, allowing for a detailed intra-urban representation. Results show that: (i) control variables significantly explain more variance of both COVID-19 cases and deaths than the morphometric descriptors; (ii) of what the latter can explain, built-up density is indeed the most associated, though inversely. The typical London neighbourhood with high levels of COVID-19 infections and deaths resembles a suburb, featuring a low-density urban fabric dotted by larger free-standing buildings and framed by a poorly inter-connected street network.
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Zhou M, Ma H, Wu J, Zhou J. Metro travel and perceived COVID-19 infection risks: A case study of Hong Kong. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 137:104307. [PMID: 37008809 PMCID: PMC10040367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unprecedented impacts on travel behaviors because of people's increased health precautions and the presence of various COVID-19 containment measures. However, little research has explored whether and how people changed their travel with respect to their perceived local infection risks across space and time. In this article, we relate elasticity and resilience thinking to the changes in metro travel and perceived infection risks at the station or community level over time. Using empirical data from Hong Kong, we measure a metro station's elasticity as the ratio of changes in its average trip length to the COVID-19 cases' footprints around that station. We regard those footprints as a proxy for people's perceived infection risks when making trips to that station. To explore influencing factors on travel in the ups and downs of perceived infection risks, we classify stations based on their elasticity values and examine the association between stations' elasticities and characteristics of stations and their served communities. The findings show that stations varied in elasticity values across space and different surges of the local pandemic. The elasticity of stations can be predicted by socio-demographics and physical attributes of station areas. Stations serving a larger percentage of population with higher education degrees and certain occupations observed more pronounced trip length decrease for the same level of perceived infection risks. The number of parking spaces and retail facilities significantly explained variations in stations' elasticity. The results provide references on crisis management and resilience improvement amid and post COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhou
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanxi Ma
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangping Zhou
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture; Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Rybnikova N, Broitman D, Czamanski D. Initial signs of post-covid-19 physical structures of cities in Israel. LETTERS IN SPATIAL AND RESOURCE SCIENCES 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 37220628 PMCID: PMC10191074 DOI: 10.1007/s12076-023-00346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The physical structure of cities is the result of self-organization processes in which profit-maximizing developers are key players. The recent Covid-19 pandemic was a natural experiment by means of which it is possible to gain insights into shifts in the spatial structure of cities by studying developers' behavior. Behavioral changes of urbanites triggered by the quarantine and lockdown periods, such as home-based work and online shopping on scales that were unthinkable heretofore, are expected to persist. These are likely to induce changes in the demand for housing, for work, and for retail space, impacting developers' decisions. Associated changes in the land values at different locations are occurring faster than changes of the physical shape of urban landscapes. It is possible that current changes in dwelling preferences will result in significant future shifts in the locational incidence of the urban intensities. We test this hypothesis by examining changes in land values during the last two years by means of a land value model calibrated with vast Geo-referenced data of the major metropolitan area in Israel. Data concerning all real estate transactions include information about the assets and the price of the exchanges. In parallel, built densities are calculated using detailed building data. Based on these data, we estimate the changes of land values for different types of dwellings before and during the pandemic. The result allows us to highlight possible initial signs of post-Covid-19 urban structures, driven by shifting behavior of developers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12076-023-00346-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rybnikova
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dani Broitman
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Yildirim Y, Keshavarzi G, Arefi M. Noise complaints, the COVID-19 pandemic, and compact developments: evidence from five American cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40724-40736. [PMID: 36622602 PMCID: PMC9838491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 continues to take its toll on human life. Even though to a less threatening extent, and insignificant to some, noise turns out to be one of its consequences without consensus. While individuals experience multiple restrictions and restrain from exuberant activities by spending most of their time at home, reducing public transportation and personal vehicles, overall, they end up reduce anthropogenic noise pressure. On another level, people continue reporting noise concerns at various degrees during the COVID-19 pandemic. To draw a bigger picture as to whether or not these complaints have increased during the COVID-19 compared to the same period last year, this research examines them in five major American cities: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Phoenix, and Dallas. Furthermore, the study also assessed the complaint patterns, whether reported in compact or sprawled areas. The findings highlight that either the noise complaints increased or decreased during the COVID-19 crisis. Accordingly, four of the five selected cities, except San Francisco, showed a decrease in reported noise. As it turns out, compact developments correlate significantly and positively with noise complaints in all study areas, except in Phoenix. These findings call for regulating and prioritizing noise-related policies. Planners and urban designers can thus advise to sustain environmental planning and public health issues, especially in planning compact developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Yildirim
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Golnaz Keshavarzi
- College of Architecture, Planning and Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Mahyar Arefi
- The National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Rizki M, Joewono TB, Irawan MZ, Belgiawan PF, Bastarianto FF, Prasetyanto D. Investigating influencing factors for ICT adoption that changes travel behavior in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. CASE STUDIES ON TRANSPORT POLICY 2023; 11:100947. [PMID: 36624834 PMCID: PMC9812828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobility and out-of-home activities restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic have forced people to maximize their in-home activities. Considering the increase in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption during the outbreak, this paper tries to shed light on the factors that influence changing travel behavior. For these purposes, the study uses data collected through an online questionnaire during the outbreak in Indonesia, which was then analyzed using cluster and discriminant analyses. The study found that online adaptation during the outbreak was affected by income level, whereby high-income individuals are associated with high online adaptation. Residential location also influences ICT adaptation during the outbreak. Cities with higher access to the internet and ICT platforms as well as higher income per capita tend to have higher ICT adoption. People with more experience with online platforms or services also record higher online in-home activity adoption during the outbreak. Furthermore, while the lower-income group tends to reduce their travel, the higher-income group still continues to travel to fulfil their household needs during the outbreak, such as in-store shopping. Since the lower-income group and less accessible areas tend to have difficulty in accessing ICT as a substitute for travel, this study recommends that the government and ICT stakeholders ensure equal access to ICT to support physical distancing and to limit mobility in order to flatten the peak of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Rizki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna, Austria
| | - Tri Basuki Joewono
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Zudhy Irawan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Faza Fawzan Bastarianto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Prasetyanto
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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13
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Arowolo T, Animasahun A, Baptiste-Roberts K, Bronner Y. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Health and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 17:1-10. [PMID: 36818743 PMCID: PMC9924853 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family responses to crises such as COVID-19 are driven by parents' experiences. Parental history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might play an important role in predicting resilience, coping capacity, and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic response. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic disruption on child health and well-being as influenced by the previous history of ACEs in the parents. Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsychInfo were searched for peer-reviewed articles using the keywords "COVID-19", "Parents or Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences", and "child health" or "child well-being". Data were extracted using a literature review matrix template. Title, abstract, and full article-level reviews were conducted by two reviewers. The association between COVID-19 disruption, negative parenting, and child behavioral and emotional problems was stronger for parents with younger children with a history of high ACE scores. Parents with high ACE scores were more likely to cope poorly with childcare duties and engage in child neglect, verbal abuse, and reduced feeding frequency, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review findings support the framework of inadequate resilience and coping skills of adults with a history of ACEs during periods of stress and unpredictability such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The negative effects of these parental stressors on a child's health and well-being are modifiable and could be mitigated by targeted interventions. Trauma-informed care should be adopted to contribute to optimum child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu Arowolo
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Ave Campus, Ste 211 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, 21251 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adeola Animasahun
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Ave Campus, Ste 211 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, 21251 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kesha Baptiste-Roberts
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Ave Campus, Ste 211 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, 21251 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yvonne Bronner
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Ave Campus, Ste 211 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, 21251 Baltimore, MD USA
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14
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Durand-Sanchez E, Ruiz-Alvarado C, Contreras-Valderrama R, Morales-García WC, Mamani-Benito O, Huancahuire-Vega S, Saintila J, Morales-García M, Ruiz Mamani PG. Sociodemographic Aspects and Healthy Behaviors Associated With Perceived Life Satisfaction in Health Professionals. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319221148332. [PMID: 36760092 PMCID: PMC9943957 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221148332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life satisfaction is a determining factor for the improvement of mental and physical health. Health care workers are a vulnerable population to suffer alterations in the factors that affect life satisfaction. Determining the influence of these factors on quality of life is important for their proper management. OBJECTIVE To examine sociodemographic factors and healthy behaviors influencing life satisfaction in Peruvian professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 health care workers, who had a mean age of 40.34 years (SD = 10.39). A sociodemographic questionnaire, sleep quality, physical activity, eating habits, and life satisfaction were used. A regression model was fitted with the life satisfaction variable as the dependent variable. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, age (β = -.938, P < .01) and perception of poor health status (β = -4.743, P < .001) were found to be associated with lower life satisfaction. On the other hand, higher university education level (β = 1.667, P < .001), absence of smoking (β = 3.202, P < .01), absence of depressive symptoms (β = 3.390, P < .001), interest in daily activities (β = 3.503, P < .05), good sleep quality (β = 1.027, P < .01), a high frequency of physical activity (β = 1.056, P < .01), and healthy eating are variables associated with higher life satisfaction. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic aspects such as age and the perception of poor health are associated with lower life satisfaction. On the other hand, healthy behaviors such as absence of smoking, absence of depressive symptoms, interest in daily activities, good quality of sleep, high frequency of physical activity, and a healthy diet were associated with higher life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wilter C. Morales-García
- Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima,
Perú,Wilter C. Morales-García, Unidad de Salud
Pública, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Chosica, Lima 15,
15001, Perú.
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15
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Jones D, Lal S, French C, Sowerbutts AM, Gittins M, Gabe S, Brundrett D, Culkin A, Calvert C, Thompson B, Cooper SC, Fletcher J, Donnellan C, Forbes A, Lam C, Radford S, Mountford CG, Rogers D, Muggridge R, Sharkey L, Neild P, Wheatley C, Stevens P, Burden S. Investigating the Relationship between Home Parenteral Support and Needs-Based Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure: A National Multi-Centre Longitudinal Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030622. [PMID: 36771328 PMCID: PMC9921538 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Home parenteral support (HPS) is an essential but potentially burdensome treatment that can affect quality of life (QoL). The aims of this longitudinal study were to understand whether any changes in HPS over time were associated with QoL. The Parenteral Nutrition Impact Questionnaire (PNIQ) was used, and data were collected on HPS prescribed at three time points. Data were analysed using multi-level mixed regression models presented as effect size and were adjusted for confounders. Study recruited 572 participants from 15 sites. Of these, 201 and 145 completed surveys at second and third time-points, respectively. PNIQ score was out of 20 with a higher score indicating poorer QoL. Any reduction in HPS infusions per week was associated with an improved PNIQ score of -1.10 (95% CI -2.17, -0.02) unadjusted and -1.34 (95% CI -2.45, -0.24) adjusted. Per day change to the number of infusions per week was associated with a change in the PNIQ score of 0.32 (95% CI -0.15, 0.80) unadjusted and 0.34 (95% CI -0.17, 0.85) adjusted. This is the largest national study to demonstrate improvements in QoL associated with HPS reduction over time using an HPS-specific and patient-centric tool, adding unique data for use of therapies in intestinal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jones
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (S.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-161-306-1508 (D.J.)
| | - Simon Lal
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Chloe French
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anne Marie Sowerbutts
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matthew Gittins
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon Gabe
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Diane Brundrett
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Alison Culkin
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Chris Calvert
- Intestinal Failure and Nutrition Team, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Beth Thompson
- Intestinal Failure and Nutrition Team, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sheldon C. Cooper
- GI Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Jane Fletcher
- GI Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Clare Donnellan
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ching Lam
- Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Shellie Radford
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Daniel Rogers
- Leicester Intestinal Failure Team, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Rebecca Muggridge
- Leicester Intestinal Failure Team, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Lisa Sharkey
- Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Penny Neild
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Carolyn Wheatley
- Patients on Intravenous and Naso-gastric Nutrition Treatment, Christchurch, Dorset BH23 2XS, UK
| | | | - Sorrel Burden
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Intestinal Failure Unit, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (S.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-161-306-1508 (D.J.)
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16
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Clement J, Esposito G, Crutzen N. Municipal Pathways in Response to COVID-19: A Strategic Management Perspective on Local Public Administration Resilience. ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY 2023; 55:3-29. [PMID: 36606211 PMCID: PMC9716190 DOI: 10.1177/00953997221100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to understand the different resilience pathways local governments may take during moments of crisis, specifically focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Through survey responses from local administrations in Wallonia, Belgium, we consider how varied contexts led to different strategic resilience pathways. These pathways range from static (i.e., no strategy) to innovative change. Our findings highlight that digital technology solutions may play a role in supporting resilience across the different pathways. Therefore, we adapt strategic public management literature to suggest propositions for future research to test the specific role that digital technologies play in supporting resilience within local administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clement
- HEC Liège Management School at the University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- HEC Liège Management School at the University of Liège, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Zhang L, Han X, Wu J, Wang L. Mechanisms influencing the factors of urban built environments and coronavirus disease 2019 at macroscopic and microscopic scales: The role of cities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137489. [PMID: 36935684 PMCID: PMC10016229 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic soundlessly slinked in and swept the world, exerting a tremendous impact on lifestyles. This study investigated changes in the infection rates of COVID-19 and the urban built environment in 45 areas in Manhattan, New York, and the relationship between the factors of the urban built environment and COVID-19. COVID-19 was used as the outcome variable, which represents the situation under normal conditions vs. non-pharmacological intervention (NPI), to analyze the macroscopic (macro) and microscopic (micro) factors of the urban built environment. Computer vision was introduced to quantify the material space of urban places from street-level panoramic images of the urban streetscape. The study then extracted the microscopic factors of the urban built environment. The micro factors were composed of two parts. The first was the urban level, which was composed of urban buildings, Panoramic View Green View Index, roads, the sky, and buildings (walls). The second was the streets' green structure, which consisted of macrophanerophyte, bush, and grass. The macro factors comprised population density, traffic, and points of interest. This study analyzed correlations from multiple levels using linear regression models. It also effectively explored the relationship between the urban built environment and COVID-19 transmission and the mechanism of its influence from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Architecture, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Lei Wang
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18
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COVID-19-Related Awareness and Behaviors of Non-Saudi Travelers and Their Satisfaction with Preventive Measures at Saudi Airports. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120435. [PMID: 36548690 PMCID: PMC9780880 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airports could serve as hotspots for the spread of the COVID-19 infection. We aimed to assess the awareness, attitude, and behaviors of non-Saudi travelers about COVID-19 and their satisfaction with preventive measures at Saudi airports. A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-Saudi travelers arriving in Saudi Arabia at two international airports. Data were collected using a questionnaire in Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu languages. Awareness, attitude, behavior scores, and satisfaction levels were calculated. Linear regression analyses were done to assess the predictors of awareness, attitude, and behaviors. A total of 633 participants were included in the study. The mean awareness, attitude, and behavior scores were 16.3/22, 18.3/24, and 3.2/5, respectively. Nationality, education, and income were significant predictors of awareness. Nationality was the only significant predictor of attitude, while gender and nationality were predictors of behaviors. Overall satisfaction with preventive measures was: transportation (94%), lounges and corridors (96%), counters (98%), and airport staff (97%). There was overall good awareness and attitude among travelers. Behavior scores were relatively low, which needs to change as air travel poses a threat to the spread of infectious diseases. Airport authorities need to manage passengers properly to ensure adequate distancing to prevent the potential transmission of infections.
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19
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The COVID-19 impacts on bikeshare systems in small rural communities: Case study of bikeshare riders in Montgomery County, VA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278207. [PMID: 36454776 PMCID: PMC9714740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The shared and micro-mobility industry (ride sharing and hailing, carpooling, bike and e-scooter shares) saw direct and almost immediate impacts from COVID-19 restrictions, orders and recommendations from local governments and authorities. However, the severity of that impact differed greatly depending on variables such as different government guidelines, operating policies, system resiliency, geography and user profiles. This study investigated the impacts of the pandemic regarding bike-share travel behavior in Montgomery County, VA. We used bike-usage dataset covering two small towns in Montgomery county, namely: Blacksburg and Christiansburg, including Virginia Tech campus. The dataset used covers the period of Jan 2019-Dec 2021 with more than 14,555 trips and 5,154 active users. Findings indicated that a bikeshare user's average trip distance and duration increased in 2020 (compared to 2019) from 2+ miles to 4+ and from half an hour to about an hour. While there was a slight drop in 2021, bikeshare users continued to travel farther distances and spend more time on the bikes than pre-COVID trips. When those averages were unpacked to compare weekday trips to weekend trips, a few interesting trip patterns were observed. Unsurprisingly, more trips still took place on the weekends (increasing from 2x as many trips to 4x as many trips than the weekday). These findings could help to better understand traveler's choices and behavior when encountering future pandemics.
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20
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Liddelow C, Hitchcock CS, Mullan BA. Exploring quality of life in Australian adults during a pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36406856 PMCID: PMC9647751 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of society changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many individuals experienced the introduction of travel bans and restrictions, COVID-19 related anxiety, greater risk to their health and an increased need for adaptive coping. Research has shown health-related quality of life was negatively affected during the time. However, the influence that these restrictions and experiences had on other various quality of life domains (physical, psychological, environmental, and social) is not yet known. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationships between COVID-19-related variables, health variables, psychological variables and five domains of quality of life in Australian adults. Data was collected via cross-sectional online surveys from 264 Australian participants (M age = 29.76 years, SD = 12.40). Five hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. The findings showed better adaptive coping, decreased COVID-19 anxiety, and lower perceived health risk were all associated with better quality of life during this time. Neither having travel plans during 2020-2021 nor engaging in compensatory behaviours were associated with quality of life. During times of uncertainty, such as pandemics, natural disasters or war, providing anxiety-reducing coping strategies may be beneficial for reducing the negative impacts on quality of life. In line with these findings and similar research, we have provided several directions and recommendations for governments and media organisations for when future events, similar to COVID-19, occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Liddelow
- Global Alliance for Mental Health and Sport, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, 2500 AUS Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | | | - Barbara A Mullan
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, 6102 AUS Perth, WA Australia
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21
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Zhang W, Chen Q, Dai J, Lu J, Li J, Yi Y, Fu L, Li X, Liu J, Liufu J, Long C, Zhang B. Mental health and chest CT scores mediate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and seroconversion time: A cross-sectional observational study in B.1.617.2 (Delta) infection patients. Front Public Health 2022; 10:974848. [PMID: 36339206 PMCID: PMC9627027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.974848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been ongoing for more than 2 years, has become one of the largest public health issues. Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is one of the most important interventions to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between vaccination status and time to seroconversion. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study during the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 outbreak in Jiangsu, China. Participants who infected with the B.1.617.2 variant were enrolled. Cognitive performance, quality of life, emotional state, chest computed tomography (CT) score and seroconversion time were evaluated for each participant. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, univariate and multivariate regression analyses, Pearson correlation, and mediation analysis. Results A total of 91 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 37.3, 25.3, and 37.3% were unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated, respectively. Quality of life was impaired in 30.7% of patients, especially for mental component summary (MCS) score. Vaccination status, subjective cognitive decline, and depression were risk factors for quality-of-life impairment. The chest CT score mediated the relationship of vaccination status with the MCS score, and the MCS score mediated the relationship of the chest CT score with time to seroconversion. Conclusion Full immunization course with an inactivated vaccine effectively lowered the chest CT score and improved quality of life in hospitalized patients. Vaccination status could influence time to seroconversion by affecting CT score and MCS score indirectly. Our study emphasizes the importance of continuous efforts in encouraging a full vaccination course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Linqing Fu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Liufu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Long
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Bing Zhang
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22
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Wang J, Zeng F, Tang H, Wang J, Xing L. Correlations between the urban built environmental factors and the spatial distribution at the community level in the reported COVID-19 samples: A case study of Wuhan. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 129:103932. [PMID: 35975194 PMCID: PMC9372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has dramatically changed the lifestyle of people, especially in urban environments. This paper investigated the variations of built environments that were measurably associated with the spread of COVID-19 in 150 Wuhan communities. The incidence rate in each community before and after the lockdown (January 23, 2020), as respective dependent variables, represented the situation under normal circumstances and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). After controlling the population density, floor area ratio (FAR), property age and sociodemographic factors, the built environmental factors in two spatial dimensions, the 15-minute walking life circle and the 10-minute cycling life circle, were brought into the Hierarchical Linear Regression Model and the Ridge Regression Model. The results indicated that before lockdown, the number of markets and schools were positively associated with the incidence rate, while community population density and FAR were negatively associated with COVID-19 transmission. After lockdown, FAR, GDP, the number of hospitals (in the 15-minute walking life circle) and the bus stations (in the 10-minute cycling life circle) became negatively correlated with the incidence rate, while markets remained positive. This study effectively extends the discussions on the association between the urban built environment and the spread of COVID-19. Meanwhile, given the limitations of sociodemographic data sources, the conclusions of this study should be interpreted and applied with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wang
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fanbo Zeng
- Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Haida Tang
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning/BenYuan Design and Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Architecture for Health & Well-being (in preparation), Shenzhen, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning/BenYuan Design and Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Architecture for Health & Well-being (in preparation), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Xing
- Shenzhen General Institute of Architectural Design and Research CO., LTD, Shenzhen 518000, China
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23
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Bu F, Mak HW, Steptoe A, Wheeler BW, Fancourt D. Urban greenspace and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A 20-month follow up of 19,848 participants in England. Health Place 2022; 77:102897. [PMID: 35995001 PMCID: PMC9385728 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between greenspace and the growth trajectories of anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from 19,848 urban residents in England who were followed for 20 months between March 2020 and October 2021, we found that living in an area with higher greenspace coverage (exposure) was associated with fewer anxiety symptoms independent of population density, area deprivation levels, socio-demographics, and health profiles. There was limited evidence that greenspace was related to the change of anxiety symptoms over time. No association with anxiety trajectories was found when considering distance to nearest greenspace (proximity), highlighting potentially differential mental health effects of simply having access to local parks and recreation areas versus living in areas of greater natural environment land cover. These findings have important implications for mental health intervention and policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Hei Wan Mak
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Benedict W. Wheeler
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, UK,Corresponding author. 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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24
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Has the Pandemic Altered Public Perception of How Local Green Spaces Affect Quality of Life in the United Kingdom? SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Green spaces unquestionably improve both physical and mental health, but there is little information on how they affect quality of life. This study investigates whether the public perception of how local green spaces and their impact on quality of life have altered as a result of restrictions imposed by the U.K.’s SARS-CoV-2 pandemic containment strategy. Qualitative data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and postal flyers. The results clearly demonstrate that 90% of participants believe that green spaces improved their quality of life during the pandemic, with over 85% thinking that green spaces will continue to have a positive impact on their quality of life once the pandemic is over. Whether this is a permanent change in public thinking or a short-term adaptation to the stresses of the pandemic can be assessed in future research studies. More detailed research is required to understand more clearly the aspects and types of green spaces that are the most valuable for improving quality of life so that future ones can be designed to provide maximum benefits.
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Human-Nature Interactions during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Moscow, Russia: Exploring the Role of Contact with Nature and Main Lessons from the City Responses. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGS) as essential elements of the urban environment provide multiple ecosystem services including benefits for physical and mental health. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have influenced human relationships with nature. Based on empirical research, this article explores the pathways and implications of human-nature interactions during and after COVID-19 and how human health and well-being could be supported by contact with nature. The article discusses the reasons that attract people to visit UGS (value of UGS, their perceptions, ways of contact with urban nature, etc.). It also analyses the effects of social isolation on the usage and perception of UGS during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research revealed current needs for UGS and their role in adaptation of urban development and greening strategy. For this purpose, an online questionnaire survey among residents of Moscow was conducted in April–July of 2020 when restrictive measures were imposed in the city in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, non-participatory observations and photo documentation were used to supplement the data on UGS visitation and use. The GIS mapping method was applied to analyze the UGS provision (availability and accessibility of UGS). Moreover, expert interviews were conducted aiming to explore the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the urban fabric and life of the citizens. The aim was to reveal the main tendencies that can be used in the adaptation of urban development plans, especially regarding UGS and human-nature interactions. The results show that citizens (both survey respondents and experts) highly value urban nature as a tool for coping with COVID-19 challenges. They underlined a need for accessible UGS, most notably for breathing fresh air, reducing stress, relaxing, and observing and enjoying nature. The survey also revealed the particular health effects resulting from the reduction of UGS visitations due to COVID-19 restrictions. Several changes in human-nature interactions were also observed: many respondents especially missed spending time outdoors and meeting other people. That highlights the fact that while UGS normally provides places for social integration and socializing, during the COVID-19 isolation UGS were especially valued in regard to physical health and well-being (self-recovery). Both respondents and experts expressed their opinions regarding the future development of UGS network and how the UGS’s structure and design should be adapted to the current challenges. The claimed interests/preferences included the need for providing all residents equal access to UGS in a time of pandemics and post pandemics. A set of limitations and directions for future research of UGS was suggested.
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26
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Food Retail Network Spatial Matching and Urban Planning Policy Implications: The Case of Beijing, China. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food is the core of urban daily life and socio-economic activities but is rarely the focus of urban planning. The spatial layout of food retail outlets is important for optimizing the urban food system, improving land resource allocation, and encouraging healthy food consumption. Based on food retail POI data, this study employed kernel density estimation, road network centrality, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and locational entropy to analyze the spatial characteristics of supermarkets, produce markets, and small stores in an urban center in Beijing, and explored street coupling and supply-demand matching. The results indicated that within the study area: (1) supermarkets had an obvious “core-periphery” distribution, produce markets had a polycentric distribution, and small stores had a relatively uniform distribution; (2) road network centrality indices revealed a differentiated multi-core-edge distribution; (3) streets with high locational entropy values for supermarkets and produce markets were mostly concentrated in the central area, whereas the matching distribution of small stores was relatively balanced. From the perspective of urban planning, policy implications are proposed based on spatial and social equity, urban-rural differences, population structure and distribution status, and a resilient supply chain. The study findings have practical significance for guiding the development of urban food systems in a healthy, just, and sustainable direction, as well as rational urban land planning.
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27
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Mouratidis K, Peters S. COVID-19 impact on teleactivities: Role of built environment and implications for mobility. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART A, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 158:251-270. [PMID: 35291720 PMCID: PMC8898698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents new evidence on changes in a broad range of teleactivities due to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and investigates how the built environment relates to these changes. The paper relies on survey and geospatial data from Oslo and its surrounding Viken region in Norway. Findings suggest that most teleactivities increased due to COVID-19. Telework, teleconferencing, online learning, telehealth, and virtual meetings with friends and family all increased during COVID-19 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The next step in the analysis examined relationships between built environment characteristics and teleactivities before and during COVID-19. Telework and virtual meetings increased to a greater extent in denser neighborhoods than in lower-density neighborhoods. A larger increase in online learning was associated with lower neighborhood density, lower accessibility to public transport, and more local facilities. Numerous local facilities were associated with more frequent telework and virtual meetings both before and during COVID-19. The substantial COVID-19-induced increase in teleactivities found in the study highlights the potential of information and communications technology (ICT) for replacing travel for various activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Mouratidis
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
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28
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Simić V, Ivanović I, Đorić V, Torkayesh AE. Adapting Urban Transport Planning to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Fermatean Fuzzy Model. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2022; 79:103669. [PMID: 35013703 PMCID: PMC8733251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The critical worldwide problem of adapting urban transport planning to COVID-19 is for the first time comprehensively addressed and solved in this study. It primarily aims to help transport planners increase the resilience of transport systems. Firstly, a multi-level decision-making hierarchy structure based on four main criteria and 17 sub-criteria is introduced for relevant stakeholders to provide a practical framework for assessing existing transport plans. Then, a three-stage integrated Fermatean fuzzy model for adapting urban transport planning to the pandemic is presented. The model hybridizes the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method into a unique methodological framework under the Fermatean fuzzy environment. A case study provides decision-making guidelines on how to adapt transport plans to COVID-19 in the real-world context of Belgrade, Serbia. The research findings show that the pandemic significantly changed the priorities of transport planning strategies and measures. "Non-motorized travel" is now the best alternative since its numerous short-term measures lead to better transport service. The major advantages of the introduced model are higher flexibility and a more precise fusion of experts' preference information. The integrated Fermatean fuzzy model could be used for adapting other emerging problems to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Simić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 305, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Ivanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 305, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Đorić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 305, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ali Ebadi Torkayesh
- School of Business and Economics, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany
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29
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Berdejo-Espinola V, Zahnow R, Suárez-Castro AF, Rhodes JR, Fuller RA. Changes in Green Space Use During a COVID-19 Lockdown Are Associated With Both Individual and Green Space Characteristics. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.804443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic present a useful study system for understanding the temporal and spatial patterns of green space use. Here, we examine green space characteristics and sociodemographic factors associated with change in frequency of green space use before and during a COVID-19 lockdown in Brisbane, Australia drawing on a survey of 372 individuals. Applying regression analysis, we found that individuals who visited a different green space during lockdown than before tended to decrease their frequency of visits. In contrast, individuals who continued visiting their usual green space during lockdown were more inclined to increase their number of visits. Changes in frequency of green space use were also associated with particular characteristics of their usually visited green space. The presence of blue spaces and accessibility (carparks/public transport) were associated with increased frequency of use while foliage height diversity was associated with reduced frequency of use. We found that females were more likely to change their green space visitation frequency during COVID-19 compared to men and they also reported greater importance of green spaces for social and family interactions and spiritual reasons during COVID-19 compared to before. Males showed greater increases than females in the importance of green space for nature interactions and mental health benefits during the COVID-19 lockdown compared to before. Our results provide key insights for future resilient urban planning and policy that can fulfil a wide range of physical and psychological needs during a time of crisis and beyond.
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30
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Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Flows of People and Goods: Implications on the Dynamics of Urban Systems. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the flows or spatial mobility of people, goods, and services globally. The present study explored the impact of the pandemic on the global flows of people and goods, and the implications on the dynamics of urban systems. The study utilized desktop research methodology to collect relevant literature and secondary data, which were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. The study found that the restrictive measures imposed during the pandemic severely disrupted the global flows of people and goods. As a result, global movements of people declined by over 40% in 2020 from the 2019 levels. Similarly, the global flows of goods shrunk by at least 10% within the same period. These lockdown-related disruptions have significant implications on how socioeconomic activities are organized and conducted within and between cities, with civil aviation and hospitality sectors the hardest hit. The study concludes that there is a need for resilient urban systems in which cities, people, institutions, and firms can effectively adapt to the impact of the pandemic.
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Mouratidis K. COVID-19 and the compact city: Implications for well-being and sustainable urban planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152332. [PMID: 34914991 PMCID: PMC8666382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on the role of city planning, urban form, and built environment characteristics in health and well-being during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Based on survey and geographic information systems (GIS) data from Oslo and Viken in Norway, the paper investigates changes in health and well-being due to COVID-19 and how the compact city and its characteristics relate to these changes. Findings indicate that self-reported measures of health and well-being worsened due to COVID-19. The most substantial changes were reported for life satisfaction, anxiety, and satisfaction with leisure, personal relationships, and vacations. General health, happiness, and satisfaction with income also declined during COVID-19 in comparison with pre-COVID-19 times. Overall, residents of compact neighborhoods reported lower well-being during COVID-19 compared to residents of lower-density neighborhoods. Important compact city characteristics - higher neighborhood density, reliance on public transport, smaller dwellings, and less green space - were negatively associated with well-being and health outcomes during COVID-19. In contrast, another compact city attribute, the presence of numerous local facilities, was positively linked to well-being and health during COVID-19. Based on these findings, the paper presents possible implications for sustainable urban planning and compact cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Mouratidis
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Abstract
To date, studies that provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the cottage in Finland are lacking in the literature. This paper explored this phenomenon, which has great cultural and economic importance for Finland, through interviews from the perspective of experts. Key findings based on main themes including cottage buyers, characteristics of the dream cottage, diversified cottages, the regulation of cottages in municipalities, and challenges in the regulation of cottages, highlighted that: (1) cottage buyers were reported to be mostly in their 50s and wealthy; (2) buyers were in high demand for easy solutions and cottages with a similar level of equipment to a primary home; (3) environmental issues were considered interesting, but buyers primarily paid attention to the cleanliness of the nature and especially the body of water surrounding their cottage; (4) distance to the cottage and closest services were deciding factors, and there was greater demand for waterfront cottages; (5) popular cottage sizes varied widely, and the diversification was among the highlights; (6) while changes in use were possible under certain circumstances, sewage and wastewater regulation, and sizing of beach construction were considered challenging. It is believed that this paper will contribute to the balanced territorial development of cottages in Finland and the vitality of cottage-rich municipalities.
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Badal VD, Lee EE, Daly R, Parrish EM, Kim HC, Jeste DV, Depp CA. Dynamics of Loneliness Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Study of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Network Analysis. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:814179. [PMID: 35199099 PMCID: PMC8859335 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.814179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has had potentially severe psychological implications for older adults, including those in retirement communities, due to restricted social interactions, but the day-to-day experience of loneliness has received limited study. We sought to investigate sequential association, if any, between loneliness, activity, and affect. METHODS We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with dynamic network analysis to investigate the affective and behavioral concomitants of loneliness in 22 residents of an independent living sector of a continuing care retirement community (mean age 80.2; range 68-93 years). RESULTS Participants completed mean 83.9% of EMA surveys (SD = 16.1%). EMA ratings of loneliness were moderately correlated with UCLA loneliness scale scores. Network models showed that loneliness was contemporaneously associated with negative affect (worried, anxious, restless, irritable). Negative (but not happy or positive) mood tended to be followed by loneliness and then by exercise or outdoor physical activity. Negative affect had significant and high inertia (stability). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that EMA is feasible and acceptable to older adults. EMA-assessed loneliness was moderately associated with scale-assessed loneliness. Network models in these independent living older adults indicated strong links between negative affect and loneliness, but feelings of loneliness were followed by outdoor activity, suggesting adaptive behavior among relatively healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha D Badal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ellen E Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Emma M Parrish
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- AI and Cognitive Software, International Business Machines (IBM) Research-Almaden, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Wallis H, Holzen V, Sieverding T, Matthies E, Schmidt K. How do appraisal as threat or challenge, efficacy, and environmental quality affect wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1009977. [PMID: 36713898 PMCID: PMC9875378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1009977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In crises, it is of great relevance to identify mechanisms that help people to maintain a certain level of wellbeing. This paper investigates whether appraising the COVID-19 pandemic as a threat vs. as a challenge has different effects on subjective wellbeing during the pandemic. Furthermore, we study the role of the perceived local environmental quality for individuals' subjective wellbeing. METHODS Via online survey study with two times of measurement (N = 758), we investigated (a) the prediction of participants' wellbeing in June 2020 and June 2021 through five variables and (b) how these five variables moderated within-participant differences in subjective wellbeing over time. RESULTS Results showed that a stronger perception of the pandemic as a threat (feeling worried) and a lower education in June 2020 predicted a lower subjective wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. A stronger challenge appraisal (feeling confident), higher efficacy expectations, and positive perceptions of the local environmental quality in June 2020 predicted a higher wellbeing in 2020 and 2021. There was no substantial change in participants' aggregated wellbeing over time. However, those who perceived the pandemic more as a threat in June 2020 struggled more with negative changes in their wellbeing, whereas those who perceived the pandemic more as a challenge reported a higher wellbeing. CONCLUSION It seems key to support people in activating positive feelings to successfully cope with crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wallis
- Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veronique Holzen
- Department of Environmental Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Sieverding
- Department of Environmental Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Matthies
- Department of Environmental Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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