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Yan R, He H, Deng X, Zhou Y, Tang X, Zhu Y, Liang H, Chen Y, Yang M, Du Y, Chen C, Chen J, Yang S. A Serological Survey of Measles and Rubella Antibodies among Different Age Groups in Eastern China. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:842. [PMID: 39203968 PMCID: PMC11359031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles and rubella are vaccine-preventable diseases targeted for elimination in most World Health Organization regions, and China is considered to have momentum towards measles elimination. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the population immunity levels against measles and rubella in Zhejiang Province in China in order to provide valuable insights for informing future public health measures and contributing to the ongoing global campaign against these diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted in 2022. A total of 2740 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals spanning the age range of 0-59 years, representing diverse demographic strata across 11 prefectures in Zhejiang Province in China. The sera were tested for measles and rubella IgG antibodies to determine positivity rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs). RESULTS The overall positivity rate for the measles IgG antibody was 85.3%, with a GMC of 588.30 mIU/mL. The positivity rate for the rubella IgG antibody was 70.9%, and the GMC was 35.30 IU/mL. Measles IgG antibody positivity rates across the 0-11 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months, 3-5 years, 6-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years, 20-29 years, and 30-59 years age groups were 63.1%, 92.5%, 97.0%, 94.0%, 85.8%, 77.3%, 86.9%, 84.9%, and 88.7%, respectively (trend χ2 = 118.34, p < 0.001). Correspondingly, rubella antibody positivity rates for these same age brackets were 55.9%, 87.9%, 94.7%, 88.2%, 69.9%, 54.2%, 72.6%, 67.5%, and 74.3% (trend χ2 = 199.18, p < 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses consistently demonstrated that age, immunization history, and differing economic levels were significant factors contributing to variations in antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of measles and rubella was lower than that required for herd immunity. Periodic vaccination campaigns should be launched to increase immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China; (R.Y.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hanqing He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xuan Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xuewen Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hui Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yaping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengya Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China (H.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuxia Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China; (R.Y.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China; (R.Y.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China; (R.Y.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Shigui Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China; (R.Y.); (C.C.); (J.C.)
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Jang HM, Bae S, Jung J, Cho H, Yoon DH, Kim SH. Immunity Against Measles in Korean Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e224. [PMID: 39048304 PMCID: PMC11263764 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The seropositivity of measles antibodies among 261 autologous stem cell transplant recipients (ASCTs) in Korea, assessed approximately 1-2 years after transplant (median, 11 months; interquartile range, 9-14), was significantly lower than age- and sex-matched control healthcare workers (83.1% [217/261] vs. 90.3% [539/597], P = 0.002). The findings underscore the vulnerability of adult ASCT recipients to measles. Clinicians should prioritize testing for measles IgG after ASCT and consider vaccination for ASCT recipients who remain seronegative 2 years after ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Mu Jang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Neidhart S, Vlad B, Hilty M, Högelin KA, Ziegler M, Berenjeno-Correa E, Reichen I, Stridh P, Jelcic I, Khademi M, Kockum I, Sospedra M, Al Nimer F, Martin R, Jelcic I. HLA Associations of Intrathecal IgG Production against Specific Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:1112-1126. [PMID: 38551149 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are not only associated with higher risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, but also with the severity of various viral and bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the most specific biomarker for MS, that is, the polyspecific intrathecal IgG antibody production against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus (MRZ reaction), for possible HLA associations in MS. METHODS We assessed MRZ reaction from 184 Swiss patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 89 Swiss non-MS/non-CIS control patients, and performed HLA sequence-based typing, to check for associations of positive MRZ reaction with the most prevalent HLA alleles. We used a cohort of 176 Swedish MS/CIS patients to replicate significant findings. RESULTS Whereas positive MRZ reaction showed a prevalence of 38.0% in MS/CIS patients, it was highly specific (97.7%) for MS/CIS. We identified HLA-DRB1*15:01 and other tightly linked alleles of the HLA-DR15 haplotype as the strongest HLA-encoded risk factors for a positive MRZ reaction in Swiss MS/CIS (odds ratio [OR], 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-7.46, padjusted = 0.0004) and replicated these findings in Swedish MS/CIS patients (OR 2.18, 95%-CI 1.16-4.02, padjusted = 0.028). In addition, female MS/CIS patients had a significantly higher probability for a positive MRZ reaction than male patients in both cohorts combined (padjusted <0.005). INTERPRETATION HLA-DRB1*15:01, the strongest genetic risk factor for MS, and female sex, 1 of the most prominent demographic risk factors for developing MS, predispose in MS/CIS patients for a positive MRZ reaction, the most specific CSF biomarker for MS. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1112-1126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Neidhart
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Vlad
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Hilty
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klara Asplund Högelin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Berenjeno-Correa
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ina Reichen
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Research Priority Program MS (CRPP) PrecisionMS of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Research Priority Program MS (CRPP) PrecisionMS of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Research Priority Program MS (CRPP) PrecisionMS of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wolfschmidt-Fietkau A, Goertz RS, Goertzen S, Schmid K, Seidling M, Gherman E, Ochmann U, Drexler H. Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases among pregnant employees in Germany. A situation analysis before the introduction of the Measles Protection Act. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00604-2. [PMID: 38824086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases prior to pregnancy is an important measure of primary prevention both for the mother and the unborn child. We analyzed immunity rates against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and pertussis in pregnant employees in Germany prior to significant changes in legal conditions in 2020, to provide a basis of comparison for future research. METHODS We analyzed occupational-medical routine data in three collectives of pregnant women with an occupational risk of infection in the years 2018 and 2019: 1: hospital staff with regular access to an in-house company physician (n = 148); 2: employees in childcare with regular access to external occupational-health services (n = 139); 3: teachers with no regular access to occupational healthcare (n = 285). Immune status was assessed by a physician based on vaccination certificates, laboratory results, and medical documentation on prior infections. We compared immunity rates against measles, rubella, varicella, and pertussis as well as full immunity against all targeted vaccine-preventable diseases. RESULTS Altogether, n = 572 pregnant women were included in our study. Of these women, 96.5 % were immune to rubella, 95.8 % to varicella, 88.3 % to measles, 82.7 % to mumps, and 67.8 % to pertussis. Only 56.2 % of the women had full immunity against all targeted vaccine-preventable diseases. Collective 1 showed the highest immunity rates against measles and pertussis as well as the highest rate of full immunity against all targeted vaccine-preventable diseases. The immunity rates against rubella and varicella did not differ significantly between the collectives. With the exception of rubella, the lowest immunity rates during pregnancy were found in Collective 3. CONCLUSION We found pregnancy-relevant immunity gaps in all our study groups with significant differences between the collectives. Considering the potentially devastating consequences of infections during pregnancy, all medical professionals and health-policy makers should be involved in an increased effort to improve vaccination rates prior to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolfschmidt-Fietkau
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ruediger S Goertz
- Gesundheitszentrum Nürnberg-Fürth, B·A·D Gesundheitsvorsorge und Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, Nopitschstraße 20, 90441 Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Goertzen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Schmid
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marie Seidling
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Elsa Gherman
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uta Ochmann
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemsenstraße 1, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Drexler
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Graf W, Bertram F, Dost K, Brennecke A, Kowalski V, van Rüth V, Nörz DS, Wulff B, Ondruschka B, Püschel K, Pfefferle S, Lütgehetmann M, Heinrich F. Immunity against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among homeless individuals in Germany - A nationwide multi-center cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1375151. [PMID: 38784578 PMCID: PMC11111963 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1375151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Homeless individuals suffer a high burden of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Moreover, they are particularly susceptible to adverse infection outcomes with limited access to the health care system. Data on the seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella within this cohort are missing. Methods The seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella was determined within the homeless population in Germany. Predictors of lacking immune protection were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Homeless individuals in Germany (n = 611) showed a seroprevalence of 88.5% (95% CI: 85.8-91.0) for measles, 83.8% (95% CI: 80.6-86.6) for mumps, 86.1% (95% CI: 83.1-88.7) for rubella, and 95.7% (95% CI 93.8-97.2) for varicella. Measles seroprevalences declined from individuals born in 1965 to individuals born in 1993, with seroprevalences not compatible with a 95% threshold in individuals born after 1980. For mumps, seroprevalences declined from individuals born in 1950 to individuals born in 1984. Here, seroprevalences were not compatible with a 92% threshold for individuals born after 1975. Seronegativity for measles, mumps and rubella was associated with age but not with gender or country of origin. Discussion Herd immunity for measles and mumps is not achieved in this homeless cohort, while there was sufficient immune protection for rubella and varicella. Declining immune protection rates in younger individuals warrant immunization campaigns also targeting marginalized groups such as homeless individuals. Given that herd immunity thresholds are not reached for individuals born after 1980 for measles, and after 1975 for mumps, vaccination campaigns should prioritize individuals within these age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Graf
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bertram
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Dost
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brennecke
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Kowalski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria van Rüth
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sebastian Nörz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Wulff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Pfefferle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Data and Statistical Science for Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Crom DB, Walters LA, Li Y, Liang J, Hijano DR, Mulrooney DA, Carmichael LA, Ford SL, Andrews SJ, Smith D, Hudson MM, Mandrell BN. Seroprevalence of Measles (Rubeola) Antibodies in Childhood Cancer Survivors. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2024:27527530231221145. [PMID: 38715372 DOI: 10.1177/27527530231221145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background: Measles is reemerging as a public health threat, raising important questions about disease vulnerability among childhood cancer survivors. This secondary analysis assessed the seroprevalence of anti-measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies as a marker of immune status in survivors of childhood cancer and associated demographic/treatment variables. Method: Participants were childhood cancer survivors who were free of active disease, having routine blood studies drawn, and could provide documentation of having received two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine before their cancer diagnosis. Patient record review documented demographic and treatment variables. Antimeasles (rubeola) IgG antibody seroprevalence was assessed by enzyme immunoassay for vaccine-specific antibodies. Results: Of 270 survivors evaluated, 110 (42%) were female, 196 (75%) were White, and 159 (61%) were leukemia/lymphoma survivors. Of these 262, 110 (42%) had negative measles seroprevalence, suggesting loss of immunity. Conclusion: Measles antibody surveillance and the need for reimmunization for survivors of childhood cancer survivors outside the transplant setting remains controversial. Our analysis indicates that a substantial proportion of survivors lose vaccine-related immunity to measles. Pediatric oncology nurses play important roles in educating cancer survivors regarding their risk of measles infection, evaluating the need for reimmunization, correcting misinformation about vaccine safety and effectiveness, and working to optimize community herd-based immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Crom
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lisa A Walters
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jai Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Diego R Hijano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Mulrooney
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lee Ann Carmichael
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sarah L Ford
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shekinah J Andrews
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Smith
- Center for Advanced Practice, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Belinda N Mandrell
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Polishchuk VB, Kostinov MP, Ryzhov AA, Karchevskaya NA, Solov’eva IL, Cherdantsev AP, Kostinova AM, Poddubikov AA. Characteristics of Anti-Measles Immunity in Lung Transplant Candidates. Viruses 2023; 15:2121. [PMID: 37896898 PMCID: PMC10612083 DOI: 10.3390/v15102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles has not yet been eradicated; therefore, its outbreaks are still reported throughout the world. Like any infection, measles is dangerous for immunocompromised patients. Levels of anti-measles IgG antibodies were measured in 157 patients aged 17 to 72, who were placed on the lung transplant waiting list. Measurements were undertaken by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the VectoMeasles-IgG kit (Russia). The proportion of patients seronegative for measles was 19% (30/157). Correlation was detected between patients' age and their levels of anti-measles antibodies, with higher proportions of patients having undetectable titers (25.5-28.9%) or low antibody levels (38.3-44.4%) in the young age groups (17-29 and 30-39 years old). There were no differences between male and female patients in levels of anti-measles antibodies or in the proportion of seronegative individuals. Analyses of antibody levels with regard to type of disease revealed the highest rate of seronegative results in cystic fibrosis patients (34.4%, 11/32). Overall, 19% of lung transplant candidates, mostly young people and cystic fibrosis patients, did not have protective immunity against measles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Polishchuk
- Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kostinov
- Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Ryzhov
- Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Karchevskaya
- Department of Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Intensive Therapy and Respiratory Failure, Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina L. Solov’eva
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulyanovsk State University, 432017 Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | | | - Aristitsa M. Kostinova
- Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseniy A. Poddubikov
- N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nasika A, Bogogiannidou Z, Mouchtouri VA, Dadouli K, Kyritsi MA, Vontas A, Voulgaridi I, Tsinaris Z, Kola K, Matziri A, Lianos AG, Kalala F, Petinaki E, Speletas M, Hadjichristodoulou C. Measles Immunity Status of Greek Population after the Outbreak in 2017-2018: Results from a Seroprevalence National Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1220. [PMID: 37515036 PMCID: PMC10385097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate data on susceptibility rates against measles in the general population of Greece are scarce. Many studies have estimated the vaccination coverage, but none have calculated the nationwide immunity rate, including all age groups, against the measles virus. The purpose of our study was to determine the measles immunity status, especially after the latest outbreak in 2017-2018. In total, 3972 leftover blood samples were obtained during 2020-2021. They were collected from a nationwide laboratory network using a geographically stratified sampling strategy and were tested for the presence of measles-specific IgG antibodies. The overall crude seroprevalence was calculated to be 89.6% and the adjusted was 89.8% (95% CI: 88.8-90.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity between sexes (p = 0.783). Higher immunity rates and antibody concentrations were found in older age groups ≥41 years old (94.9%, 95% CI: 93.7-95.9%, and 730.0 mIU/mL) in comparison with younger individuals aged 1-40 years old (83.4%, 95% CI: 81.6-85.7%, and 616.5 mIU/mL). Comparing the seroprevalence among the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 2), a statistically significant difference was estimated among them (<0.001). The two regions where higher measles incidence was observed during the 2017-2018 outbreak, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, and Western Greece, were among the four regions with lower seropositivity (84.6%, 95% CI: 79.9-89.4%, and 85.9%, 95% CI: 81.4-90.4%, respectively). Our study showed a measles immunity gap that affects the younger age groups and makes a new measles outbreak likely. The enforcement of vaccination campaigns and addressing vaccine hesitancy could bridge it and achieve the required target of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Nasika
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zacharoula Bogogiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Varvara A Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria A Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Vontas
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna Voulgaridi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zafeiris Tsinaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kola
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexia Matziri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Lianos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fani Kalala
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Ibrahim NA, Mahallawi WH. Rubella Humoral Immunity Among the Saudi Population of Madinah in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:375-380. [PMID: 35537526 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining herd immunity against the rubella virus is important for controlling the spread and recurrence of rubella. Rubella vaccination for children has been affordable in Saudi Arabia since 1982. To assess the immune response derived from vaccination, we assessed the seroprevalence against the rubella virus among the population of the Madinah region. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure anti-rubella IgG antibodies in 791 serum samples obtained from 336 (42.5%) men and 455 (57.5%) women, ranging from 14 to 49 years in age. Among all participants, 94.2% were seropositive for rubella IgG antibodies, indicating a high degree of immunization. However, 5.8% of participants were seronegative, suggesting a population of either poor vaccine responders or the potential risk of waning vaccine-induced immunity. No significant difference or association with rubella seropositivity was identified according to age, sex, or pregnancy status. The median anti-rubella IgG antibody concentrations differed significantly between age groups (p < 0.001). Although a high percentage of the tested population in Madinah demonstrated anti-rubella IgG antibody seropositivity, a notable percentage of the population were seronegative, making them susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir A Ibrahim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Mahallawi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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