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Han Z, Rao JS, Ramesh S, Hergesell J, Namsrai BE, Etheridge ML, Finger EB, Bischof JC. Model-Guided Design and Optimization of CPA Perfusion Protocols for Whole Organ Cryopreservation. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2216-2228. [PMID: 37351756 PMCID: PMC10518287 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitrification could enable long-term organ preservation, but only after loading high-concentration, potentially toxic cryoprotective agents (CPAs) by perfusion. In this paper, we combine a two-compartment Krogh cylinder model with a toxicity cost function to theoretically optimize the loading of CPA (VMP) in rat kidneys as a model system. First, based on kidney perfusion experiments, we systematically derived the parameters for a CPA transport loading model, including the following: Vb = 86.0% (ra = 3.86 μm), Lp = 1.5 × 10-14 m3/(N·s), ω = 7.0 × 10-13 mol/(N·s), σ = 0.10. Next, we measured the toxicity cost function model parameters as α = 3.12 and β = 9.39 × 10-6. Combining these models, we developed an improved kidney-loading protocol predicted to achieve vitrification while minimizing toxicity. The optimized protocol resulted in shorter exposure (25 min or 18.5% less) than the gold standard kidney-loading protocol for VMP, which had been developed based on decades of empirical practice. After testing both protocols on rat kidneys, we found comparable physical and biological outcomes. While we did not dramatically reduce toxicity, we did reduce the time. As our approach is now validated, it can be used on other organs lacking defined toxicity data to reduce CPA exposure time and provide a rapid path toward developing CPA perfusion protocols for other organs and CPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Sushil Rao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Srivasupradha Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan Hergesell
- Institute for Multiphase Processes (IMP), Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael L Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik B Finger
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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2
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Pandey A, Trigun SK. Fisetin induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by suppressing autophagy and down-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1289-1308. [PMID: 37450699 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy is evolving as a relevant strategy in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention and hence, needs to be examined as a target for the promising anticancer agents. Fisetin, a dietary flavanol, is emerging as a potent anticancer agent, however, its tumour-specific pharmacological targets remain largely unexplored. This article describes correlative profiles of autophagy and apoptotic markers versus nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line SW-480. As compared to the untreated cells, significantly less number of fluorescent detected autophagic vacuoles (AVOs) in the fisetin-treated cells coincided with a similar decline of the autophagy flux markers, Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3 and accumulation of p62 in those cells. The significantly increased number of annexin-V/propidium iodide (+/+) positive and acridine orange/ethidium bromide-stained apoptotic cells coincided with the enhanced signals for the cleaved caspase 3 and nuclear PARP-1 in those fisetin-treated cells. This was consistent with the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. The fisetin-treated cells showed increased ROS level and a significant decline in nuclear Nrf2 immunosignal versus recovery in nuclear Nrf2 due to the treatment with curcumin and resveratrol (Nrf2 activators) and thus, suggesting a role of Nrf2 suppression in fisetin-mediated apoptosis in SW-480 cells. The effect of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted into declined number of AVOs and enhanced apoptosis, similar to that of the fisetin effect. Also, regaining of AVOs number and reduced apoptosis of CRC cells due to the treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, could be observed. These loss and gain of functions experiments thus suggested a correlation between fisetin-mediated autophagy suppression and apoptotic induction in a colorectal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry Section, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry Section, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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3
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Synthesis, structure, photophysical properties and evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity of homoleptic dipyrrin based palladium complexes. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Kau S, Miller I, Tichy A, Gabriel C. S100A4 (metastasin) positive mesenchymal canine mammary tumour spheroids reduce Tenascin C synthesis under DMSO exposure in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1428-1444. [PMID: 28074628 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer research S100A4-positive tumour-associated stromal cells are assumed as primary source of Tenascin C (TNC) in the metastatic environment. Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize S100A4/TNC positive stromal canine mammary tumour (CMT) cells. Cells grown as scaffold-free spheroids were investigated for S100A4, TNC, and proliferative activity under 1.8% DMSO stimulation by means of Western blot and immunohistochemistry. DMSO is a commonly used drug solvent despite well-known side effects on cells including TNC expression. DMSO did not affect proliferation, but TNC was significantly reduced under DMSO exposure for 7 and 14 days, whereby for S100A4 a reducing effect was only observed after 14 days. Without DMSO, cells stably expressed TNC and S100A4 which makes them suitable to be used in experimental approaches requiring S100A4/TNC expressing CMT stromal cells. Results show that 1.8% DMSO should not be used as solvent for experiments concerning TNC/S100A4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kau
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Platform Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gabriel
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Jiang Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yu B, Wang C, Liu C, Lu J, Chen F, Wang M, Yu X, Lin J, Pan X, Wang P, Zhu H. Altered Hepa1-6 cells by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treatment induce anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9340-52. [PMID: 26824185 PMCID: PMC4891044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Our current research proposed an optional strategy of activating immune system involving in cancer immunotherapy. When being treated with 2% DMSO in culture medium, Hepa1-6 cells showed depressed proliferation with no significant apoptosis or decreased viability. D-hep cells, Hepa1-6 cells treated with DMSO for 7 days, could restore to the higher proliferation rate in DMSO-free medium, but alteration of gene expression profile was irreversible. Interestingly, tumors from D-hep cells, not Hepa1-6 cells, regressed in wild-type C57BL/6 mice whereas D-hep cells exhibited similar tumorigenesis as Hep1–6 cells in immunodeficient mice. As expected, additional Hepa1-6 cells failed to form tumors in the D-hep-C57 mice in which D-hep cells were eliminated. Further research confirmed that D-hep-C57 mice established anti-tumor immunity against Hepa1-6 cells. Our research proposed viable tumor cells with altered biological features by DMSO-treatment could induce anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lu
- Training Department, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinlu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- School of Clinic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Chalcone-Induced Apoptosis through Caspase-Dependent Intrinsic Pathways in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:260. [PMID: 26907262 PMCID: PMC4783989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Chemoprevention of HCC can be achieved through the use of natural or synthetic compounds that reverse, suppress or prevent the development of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects and the mechanism of action of two compounds, 2,3,4'-trimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-chalcone (CH1) and 3'-bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-chalcone (CH2), over human hepatoma cells (HepG2 and Huh-7) and cultured mouse hepatocytes (HepM). Cytotoxic effects were observed over the HepG2 and Huh-7, and no effects were observed over the HepM. For HepG2 cells, treated separately with each chalcone, typical apoptotic laddering and nuclear condensation were observed. Additionally, the caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins activation by using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were studied. Caspase-8 was not activated, but caspase-3 and -9 were both activated by chalcones in HepG2 cells. Chalcones also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after 4, 8 and 24 h of treatment in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that apoptosis in HepG2 was induced through: (i) a caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway; and (ii) by alterations in the cellular levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, and also, that the chalcone moiety could be a potent candidate as novel anticancer agents acting on human hepatomas.
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7
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Gupta RK, Paitandi RP, Singh KB, Trigun SK, Hundal MS, Pandey DS. Cationic Ru(II), Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes containing cyclic -perimeter and 2-aminophenyl benzimidazole ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure, DNA and protein binding, cytotoxicity and anticancer activity. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Mondal P, Trigun SK. Bacopa monnieri Extract (CDRI-08) Modulates the NMDA Receptor Subunits and nNOS-Apoptosis Axis in Cerebellum of Hepatic Encephalopathy Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:535013. [PMID: 26413124 PMCID: PMC4564645 DOI: 10.1155/2015/535013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), characterized by impaired cerebellar functions during chronic liver failure (CLF), involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overactivation in the brain cells. Bacopa monnieri (BM) extract is a known neuroprotectant. The present paper evaluates whether BM extract is able to modulate the two NMDAR subunits (NR2A and NR2B) and its downstream mediators in cerebellum of rats with chronic liver failure (CLF), induced by administration of 50 mg/kg bw thioacetamide (TAA) i.p. for 14 days, and in the TAA group rats orally treated with 200 mg/kg bw BM extract from days 8 to 14. NR2A is known to impart neuroprotection and that of NR2B induces neuronal death during NMDAR activation. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase- (nNOS-) apoptosis pathway is known to mediate NMDAR led excitotoxicity. The level of NR2A was found to be significantly reduced with a concomitant increase of NR2B in cerebellum of the CLF rats. This was consistent with significantly enhanced nNOS expression, nitric oxide level, and reduced Bcl2/Bax ratio. Moreover, treatment with BM extract reversed the NR2A/NR2B ratio and also normalized the levels of nNOS-apoptotic factors in cerebellum of those rats. The findings suggest modulation of NR2A and NR2B expression by BM extract to prevent neurochemical alterations associated with HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papia Mondal
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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9
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Stamper BD, Garcia ML, Nguyen DQ, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Farin FM, Kavanagh TJ, Nelson SD. p53 Contributes to Differentiating Gene Expression Following Exposure to Acetaminophen and Its Less Hepatotoxic Regioisomer Both In Vitro and In Vivo. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:1-14. [PMID: 26056430 PMCID: PMC4454132 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to compare hepatic toxicogenomic signatures across in vitro and in vivo mouse models following exposure to acetaminophen (APAP) or its relatively nontoxic regioisomer 3′-hydroxyacetanilide (AMAP). Two different Affymetrix microarray platforms and one Agilent Oligonucleotide microarray were utilized. APAP and AMAP treatments resulted in significant and large changes in gene expression that were quite disparate, and likely related to their different toxicologic profiles. Ten transcripts, all of which have been implicated in p53 signaling, were identified as differentially regulated at all time-points following APAP and AMAP treatments across multiple microarray platforms. Protein-level quantification of p53 activity aligned with results from the transcriptomic analysis, thus supporting the implicated mechanism of APAP-induced toxicity. Therefore, the results of this study provide good evidence that APAP-induced p53 phosphorylation and an altered p53-driven transcriptional response are fundamental steps in APAP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duy Q Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frederico M Farin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sidney D Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Activation of p53 mediated glycolytic inhibition-oxidative stress-apoptosis pathway in Dalton's lymphoma by a ruthenium (II)-complex containing 4-carboxy N-ethylbenzamide. Biochimie 2015; 110:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors could account for histopathological progression of aflatoxin-B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Apoptosis of Dalton's lymphoma due to in vivo treatment with emodin is associated with modulations of hydrogen peroxide metabolizing antioxidant enzymes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:439-49. [PMID: 22038303 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolving concept of pro-oxidative mechanism-based antitumor activity of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl anthraquinone), derived mainly from in vitro studies, needs to be defined for in vivo tumor models. The present article describes apoptosis and regression of Dalton's lymphoma (DL) in mice by emodin vis a vis modulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolizing antioxidant enzymes in the tumor cells in vivo. A non-toxic dose (40 mg/kg bw) of emodin, given intraperitoneally to the DL bearing mice daily up to 12th post DL transplantation day, caused a significant decline (P < 0.05) in the number of viable DL cells and could significantly increase life span of the DL mice (P < 0.01). A significant decline in Bcl2/Bax ratio consistent with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c release in DL cells from emodin-treated DL mice suggested that emodin could induce mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the DL cells in vivo. Apoptosis of DL cells by emodin was further confirmed by the appearance of smaller DNA fragments on DNA ladder analysis. Over activation of both, the Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutases (SOD1) and Mn-SOD (SOD2), has been found correlated with the tumor suppression. Emodin caused significant increases in the expression and activity of SOD1 and SOD2 in the DL cells. H2O2 produced by SODs is degraded by catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the cells. Both these enzymes were observed to be declined significantly with a concomitant increment in H2O2 concentration (P < 0.01) in the DL cells from emodin-treated DL mice. It is concluded that emodin is able to induce mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the DL cells in vivo via reciprocal modulations of H2O2 producing and degrading antioxidant enzymes.
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13
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Zhang P, Li J, Tang X, Zhang J, Liang J, Zeng G. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis in primary fibroblasts from human skin hypertrophic scars via participation of caspase-3. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Deng R, Wang SM, Yin T, Ye TH, Shen GB, Li L, Zhao JY, Sang YX, Duan XG, Wei YQ. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Suppresses Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Growth by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation. J Breast Cancer 2014; 17:25-32. [PMID: 24744794 PMCID: PMC3988339 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2014.17.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The universal organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be used as a differentiation inducer of many cancer cells and has been widely used as a solvent in laboratories. However, its effects on breast cancer cells are not well understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and associated mechanisms of DMSO on mouse breast cancer. Methods We applied DMSO to observe the effect on tumors in a mouse breast cancer model. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were tested by flow cytometry. Ex vivo tumor microenvironment was imitated by 4T1 cultured cell conditioned medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 expression in medium. To investigate the cytotoxicity of DMSO on TAMs, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed. Results We found that DMSO produced tumor retardation when injected into mouse peritoneal cavities in a certain concentration range (0.5-1.0 mg/g). Furthermore, as detected by flow cytometry, TAM subtypes were found to be transformed. We further imitated a tumor microenvironment in vitro by using 4T1 cultured cell conditioned medium. Similarly, by using low concentration DMSO (1.0%-2.0% v/v), TAMs were induced to polarize to the classically activated macrophage (M1-type) and inhibited from polarizing into the alternatively activated macrophage (M2-type) in the conditioned medium. IL-10 expression in tumors was reduced, while IL-12 was increased compared with the control. Furthermore, we reported that 2.0% (v/v) DMSO could lead to cytotoxicity in peritoneal macrophages after 48 hours in MTT assays. Conclusion Our findings suggest that DMSO could exert antitumor effects in 4T1 cancer-bearing mice by reversing TAM orientation and polarization from M2- to M1-type TAMs. These data may provide novel insight into studying breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Hong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Galvao J, Davis B, Tilley M, Normando E, Duchen MR, Cordeiro MF. Unexpected low-dose toxicity of the universal solvent DMSO. FASEB J 2013; 28:1317-30. [PMID: 24327606 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an important aprotic solvent that can solubilize a wide variety of otherwise poorly soluble polar and nonpolar molecules. This, coupled with its apparent low toxicity at concentrations <10%, has led to its ubiquitous use and widespread application. Here, we demonstrate that DMSO induces retinal apoptosis in vivo at low concentrations (5 μl intravitreally dosed DMSO in rat from a stock concentration of 1, 2, 4, and 8% v/v). Toxicity was confirmed in vitro in a retinal neuronal cell line, at DMSO concentrations >1% (v/v), using annexin V, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and AlamarBlue cell viability assays. DMSO concentrations >10% (v/v) have recently been reported to cause cellular toxicity through plasma membrane pore formation. Here, we show the mechanism by which low concentrations (2-4% DMSO) induce caspase-3 independent neuronal death that involves apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus and poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) activation. These results highlight safety concerns of using low concentrations of DMSO as a solvent for in vivo administration and in biological assays. We recommend that methods other than DMSO are employed for solubilizing drugs but, where no alternative exists, researchers compute absolute DMSO final concentrations and include an untreated control group in addition to DMSO vehicle control to check for solvent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Galvao
- 1Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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16
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Mehrotra A, Trigun SK. Moderate grade hyperammonemia activates lactate dehydrogenase-4 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase to support increased lactate turnover in the brain slices. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 381:157-61. [PMID: 23703029 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid metabolism of lactate is an important aspect of bioenergetic adaptation in the brain during non-physiological conditions. The low grade hyperammonemia (HA) is a common condition in the patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE); however, biochemistry of lactate turnover during low grade HA remains poorly defined. The present article describes profile of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes vis-a-vis lactate level in the brain slices exposed with 0.1-0.5 mM ammonia, found to exist in the brain during chronic HE. A significant increment in LDH activity coincided with a similar increase in lactate level in the brain slices exposed with 0.5 mM ammonia. This was consistent with a selective increment of LDH-4 that synthesizes lactate from pyruvate with a concomitant decline in LDH-1 which catalyzes conversion of lactate to pyruvate; resulting into ~3-fold increase in LDH-4/LDH-1 ratio in those brain slices. The PFK2 domain of PFK2/FBPase2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) regulates glycolysis to maintain the pyruvate pool for lactate synthesis. The PFK2 expression was also observed to be increased ~2-fold (P < 0.001) in 0.5 mM ammonia treated brain slices. These findings provide enzymatic regulation of increased lactate turnover in the brain exposed with moderate HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mehrotra
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Yu H, Al-Abbasi KK, Elliott JA, McGann LE, Jomha NM. Clinical efflux of cryoprotective agents from vitrified human articular cartilage. Cryobiology 2013; 66:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cardioprotective Properties of Dimethyl Sulfoxide during Global Ischemia–Reperfusion of Isolated Rat Heart. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 154:47-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Almansoori K, Prasad V, Forbes J, Law G, McGann L, Elliott J, Jomha N. Cryoprotective agent toxicity interactions in human articular chondrocytes. Cryobiology 2012; 64:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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