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Evodiamine as an anticancer agent: a comprehensive review on its therapeutic application, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and metabolism in various cancers. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:1-31. [PMID: 36138312 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine is a major alkaloid component found in the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa. It shows the anti-proliferative potential against a wide range of cancers by suppressing cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Evodiamine shows its anticancer potential by modulating aberrant signaling pathways. Additionally, the review focuses on several therapeutic implications of evodiamine, such as epigenetic modification, cancer stem cells, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Moreover, combinatory drug therapeutics along with evodiamine enhances the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in various cancers by overcoming the chemo resistance and radio resistance shown by cancer cells. It has been widely used in preclinical trials in animal models, exhibiting very negligible side effects against normal cells and effective against cancer cells. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics-based collaborations of evodiamine are also included. Due to its poor bioavailability, synthetic analogs of evodiamine and its nano capsule have been formulated to enhance its bioavailability and reduce toxicity. In addition, this review summarizes the ongoing research on the mechanisms behind the antitumor potential of evodiamine, which proposes an exciting future for such interests in cancer biology.
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Yin C, Cheng J, Peng H, Yuan S, Chen K, Li J. Antitumor Effects of Evodiamine in Mice Model Experiments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:774201. [PMID: 34900724 PMCID: PMC8660089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.774201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evodiamine (EVO), an alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Euodia rutaecarpa, plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. This study was performed to clarify the effects of evodiamine in mice tumor model studies. Methods Electronic databases and search engines involved China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (CSJD-VIP), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, which were searched for literature related to the antitumor effects of evodiamine in animal tumor models (all until 1 October 2021). The evodiamine effects on the tumor volume and tumor weight were compared between the treatment and control groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results Evodiamine significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, as was assessed with tumor volume [13 studies, n=267; 138 for EVO and 129 for control; standard mean difference (SMD)= -5.99; 95% (CI): -8.89 to -3.10; I2 = 97.69%, p ≤ 0.00], tumor weight [6 studies, n=89; 49 for EVO and 40 for control; standard mean difference (SMD)= -3.51; 95% (CI): -5.13 to -3.90; I2 = 83.02%, p ≤ 0.00]. Conclusion EVO significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice models, which would be beneficial for clinical transformation. However, due to the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis, the experimental design and experimental method limitations should be considered when interpreting the results. Significant clinical and animal studies are still required to evaluate whether EVO can be used in the adjuvant treatment of clinical tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbing Peng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Chien CC, Wu MS, Chou SW, Jargalsaikhan G, Chen YC. Roles of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and p53 in evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Chin Med 2021; 16:134. [PMID: 34886886 PMCID: PMC8656090 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that evodiamine (EVO) as paclitaxel and nocodazole could trigger apoptosis in various human cancer cells including human renal cell carcinoma cells, colorectal carcinoma cells, and glioblastoma cells. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of EVO on human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells, and underlining mechanism. METHODS Two different endogenous p53 status human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells including SW1736 (wtp53) and KAT4B (mutp53) were applied in the present study. The cytotoxicity of EVO on ATC cells was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis and G2/M arrest were detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry. Expression of indicated proteins was evaluated by Western blotting analysis, and pharmacological studies using chemical inhibitors and siRNA were performed for elucidating underlying mechanism. The roles of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species were investigated by flow cytometry using DiOC6 and DCFH-DA dye, respectively. RESULTS SW1736 (wtp53) cells showed a higher apoptotic percentage than KAT4B (mutp53) cells in response to EVO stimulation via a flow cytometric analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that increased p53 and its downstream proteins, and disrupted MMP with increased intracellular peroxide production participated in EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of SW1736 cells. In EVO-treated KAT4B cells, significant increases in G2/M percentage but little apoptotic events by EVO was observed. Structure-activity analysis showed that an alkyl group at position 14 was critical for induction of apoptosis related to ROS production and MMP disruption in SW1736 cells. CONCLUSION Evidence indicated that the endogenous p53 status affected the sensitivity of ATC cells to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest, revealing the potential role of p53 related to increased ROS production and disrupted MMP in the anticancer actions of EVO, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for apoptosis of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Liver Center, 14230, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Luo C, Ai J, Ren E, Li J, Feng C, Li X, Luo X. Research progress on evodiamine, a bioactive alkaloid of Evodiae fructus: Focus on its anti-cancer activity and bioavailability (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1327. [PMID: 34630681 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiae fructus (Wu-Zhu-Yu in Chinese) can be isolated from the dried, unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum and is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is applied extensively in China, Japan and Korea. Evodiae fructus has been traditionally used to treat headaches, abdominal pain and menorrhalgia. In addition, it is widely used as a dietary supplement to provide carboxylic acids, essential oils and flavonoids. Evodiamine (EVO) is one of the major bioactive components contained within Evodiae fructus and is considered to be a potential candidate anti-cancer agent. EVO has been reported to exert anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, whilst inducing apoptosis in numerous types of cancer cells. However, EVO is susceptible to metabolism and may inhibit the activities of metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450. Clinical application of EVO in the treatment of cancers may prove difficult due to poor bioavailability and potential toxicity due to metabolism. Currently, novel drug carriers involving the use of solid dispersion techniques, phospholipids and nanocomplexes to deliver EVO to improve its bioavailability and mitigate side effects have been tested. The present review aims to summarize the reported anti-cancer effects of EVO whilst discussing the pharmacokinetic behaviors, characteristics and effective delivery systems of EVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodan Luo
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Erfang Ren
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Feng
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Luo
- Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Technology Center, Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
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Almutairi FM, Ali AG, Abdelhamid AO, Alalawy AI, Bishr MK, Mohamed MS. The Identification of a Novel Unsymmetrical Azine as an Apoptosis Inducer in Colorectal Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:406-413. [PMID: 32838724 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200824095314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in the physiological mechanisms of apoptosis are one of the pivotal factors implicated in carcinogenesis. Thus, the development of novel compounds that target various apoptotic pathways has provided promising anticancer therapeutic opportunities. OBJECTIVE This study explores the cytotoxic effects of a novel unsymmetrical azine against specific cancer cell lines and investigates the mechanism of cytotoxicity. METHODS Molecular modeling was used to test the binding affinity of four new unsymmetrical azines to a model of an apoptosis inhibitor protein (XIAP). The compound with the highest binding affinity, C4, was further tested on different cell lines. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were used to study apoptosis induction biochemically and morphologically. RESULTS In comparison to cisplatin as a control, the compound C4 exhibited notable cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines, especially the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116). Furthermore, C4-treated cells demonstrated marked overexpression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 as well as the tumor suppressor p53. On the other hand, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was inhibited. On TEM examination, C4-treated HCT-116 cells showed classical structural signs of apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel azine (C4), which induces remarkable cytotoxicity against the colorectal carcinoma cell line, mediated through apoptosis induction. These novel insights suggest C4 as a promising therapeutic agent in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdou O Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel I Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Q, Xie L, Song J, Li X. Evodiamine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113164. [PMID: 32738391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evodia rutaecarpa, a well-known herb medicine in China, is extensively applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The plant has the effects of dispersing cold and relieving pain, arresting vomiting, and helping Yang and stopping diarrhea. Modern research demonstrates that evodiamine, the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, is the material basis for its efficacy. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This paper is primarily addressed to summarize the current studies on evodiamine. The progress in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, preparation researches and clinical application are reviewed. Moreover, outlooks and directions for possible future studies concerning it are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of this systematic review was conducted with resources of multiple literature databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library and so on, with employing a combination of keywords including "pharmacology", "toxicology", "pharmacokinetics" and "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: As the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, evodiamine shows considerable pharmacological activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, heart protection and metabolic disease regulation. However, it is also found that it has significant hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, thereby it should be monitored in clinical. In addition, available data demonstrate that the evodiamine has a needy solubility in aqueous medium. Scientific and reasonable pharmaceutical strategies should be introduced to improve the above defects. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to develop novel efficient and low toxic derivatives. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the results from current studies of evodiamine, which is one of the valuable medicinal ingredients from Evodia rutaecarpa. With the assistance of relevant pharmacological investigation, some conventional application and problems in pharmaceutical field have been researched in recent years. In addition, unresolved issues include toxic mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, novel pharmaceutical researches and relationship between residues and intestinal environment, which are still being explored and excavate before achieving integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Ibric A, Battisti V, Deckardt S, Haller AV, Lee C, Prötsch C, Langer T, Heffeter P, Schueffl HH, Marian B, Haider N. A-ring and E-ring modifications of the cytotoxic alkaloid Luotonin A: Synthesis, computational and biological studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115443. [PMID: 32201190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Luotonin A derivatives with substituents at rings A and E was synthesized, together with some E-ring-unsubstituted derivatives. Subsequently, the compound library was examined in silico for their binding into a previously proposed site in the DNA/topoisomerase I binary complex. Whereas no convincing correlation between docking scores and biological data from in vitro assays could be found, one novel 4,9-diamino Luotonin A derivative had strong antiproliferative activity based on massive G2/M phase arrest. As this biological activity clearly differs from the reference compound Camptothecin, this strongly indicates that at least some Luotonin A derivatives may be potent antiproliferative agents, however with a different mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Ibric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Battisti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Deckardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Veronika Haller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Calvin Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Prötsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Henrike Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Fang Q, Jiang S, Li C. Evodiamine Selectively Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth by Triggering Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11383-11391. [PMID: 31920329 PMCID: PMC6935306 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evodiamine (Evo) is one of the main bioactive components derived from the drying mature fruit of the genus Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Although Evo has shown its anti-cancer activity in several cancers, the effects on multiple myeloma (MM) remain unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the cytotoxic role of Evo on MM cells. Methods CCK-8 assay, apoptotic cell analysis, xenografted mice model, caspase activity assay and mitochondrial membrane potential assay were performed. Results We found that Evo selectively inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis rate in MM cells, but not in healthy B lymphocytes, in a time and dose-dependent manner. Evo treatment significantly activated caspase-3 and −9 in MM cells. Evo also increased cytochrome C expression and ROS production in cytosol in a dose-dependent manner, which was abolished by MitoTEMPO cotreatment. In addition, co-treatment with bortezomib and Evo showed a more potent reduction of cell viability and a higher apoptosis than that of bortezomib single treatment in U266 and RPMI8226 cells. Conclusion We provided evidence to demonstrate that Evo selectively suppresses cell growth and increases apoptosis rate in MM cells through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Application of Evo and bortezomib might enhance the anti-cancer effect on MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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The Biological Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous Cells and Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110656. [PMID: 31717922 PMCID: PMC6891610 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of microorganisms that resist antimicrobials is a constant concern for the scientific community, while the development of new antimicrobials from new chemical entities has become more and more expensive, time-consuming, and exacerbated by emerging drug-resistant strains. In this regard, many scientists are conducting research on plants aiming to discover possible antimicrobial compounds. The secondary metabolites contained in plants are a source of chemical entities having pharmacological activities and intended to be used for the treatment of different diseases. These chemical entities have the potential to be used as an effective antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agents. Among these pharmacologically active entities are the alkaloids which are classified into a number of classes, including pyrrolizidines, pyrrolidines, quinolizidines, indoles, tropanes, piperidines, purines, imidazoles, and isoquinolines. Alkaloids that have antioxidant properties are capable of preventing a variety of degenerative diseases through capturing free radicals, or through binding to catalysts involved indifferent oxidation processes occurring within the human body. Furthermore, these entities are capable of inhibiting the activity of bacteria, fungi, protozoan and etc. The unique properties of these secondary metabolites are the main reason for their utilization by the pharmaceutical companies for the treatment of different diseases. Generally, these alkaloids are extracted from plants, animals and fungi. Penicillin is the most famous natural drug discovery deriving from fungus. Similarly, marines have been used as a source for thousands of bioactive marine natural products. In this review, we cover the medical use of natural alkaloids isolated from a variety of plants and utilized by humans as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer agents. An example for such alkaloids is berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, found in roots and stem-bark of Berberis asculin P. Renault plant and used to kill a variety of microorganisms.
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Li CG, Zeng QZ, Chen MY, Xu LH, Zhang CC, Mai FY, Zeng CY, He XH, Ouyang DY. Evodiamine Augments NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Anti-bacterial Responses Through Inducing α-Tubulin Acetylation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:290. [PMID: 30971927 PMCID: PMC6443907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine is a major ingredient of the plant Evodia rutaecarpa, which has long been used for treating infection-related diseases including diarrhea, beriberi and oral ulcer, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we aimed to explore whether evodiamine influenced NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin containing domain 3) inflammasome activation in macrophages, which is a critical mechanism for defending the host against pathogenic infections. We uncovered that evodiamine dose-dependently enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages, as indicated by increased interleukin (IL)-1β production and caspase-1 cleavage, accompanied by increased ASC speck formation and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, evodiamine induced acetylation of α-tubulin around the microtubule organization center (indicated by γ-tubulin) in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. Such evodiamine-mediated increases in NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis were attenuated by activators of α-tubulin deacetylase, resveratrol and NAD+, or dynein-specific inhibitor ciliobrevin A. Small interfering RNA knockdown of αTAT1 (the gene encoding α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase) expression, which reduced α-tubulin acetylation, also diminished evodiamine-mediated augmentation of NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis. Evodiamine also enhanced NLRP3-mediated production of IL-1β and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Moreover, evodiamine administration evidently improved survival of mice with lethal bacterial infection, accompanied by increased production of IL-1β and interferon-γ, decreased bacterial load, and dampened liver inflammation. Resveratrol treatment reversed evodiamine-induced increases of IL-1β and interferon-γ, and decreased bacterial clearance in mice. Collectively, our results indicated that evodiamine augmented the NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inducing α-tubulin acetylation, thereby conferring intensified innate immunity against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Zhen Zeng
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ye Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Yi Mai
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Ying Zeng
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao Z, He X, Han W, Chen X, Liu P, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang L, Wu S, Zheng X. Genus Tetradium L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:337-354. [PMID: 30472402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is frequently utilized as a common traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as headache, menorrhalgia, dermatophytosis, celialgia, emesis and aphtha and so on. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Despite the wide biological activities of Tetradium plants, there is no current review summarizing medicinal properties of the genus of plants; thus, this review aims to systematically summarize studies on botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical ingredients, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities and toxicity of Tetradium species to demonstrate their therapeutic capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information and materials related to Tetradium species were obtained from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, SciFinder. Information was also gathered from International Plant Names Index, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Chinese Medicine classics, etc. All studies of this genus were included in this review until July 2018. RESULTS Tetradium is widely assessed regarding its phytochemistry and biological activities. Approximately 131 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and other compounds, have been isolated from Tetradium plants. Among these components, alkaloid evodiamine is the most representative active ingredients of Tetradium plants. These compounds isolated from Tetradium plants exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, cardioprotective and lipid-lowering, treating CNS disorders, digestive system regulation and endocrine system improving activities. Furthermore, alkaloids could be used as markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of Tetradium often focuses on the alkaloids, thus further study and clinical data are required to enable the drug safety of the utilization of Tetradium plants. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Tetradium plants have proved Tetradium plants are important medicinal herb resource. However, well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the therapeutic benefits of this genus in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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12
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Ibric A, Eckerstorfer S, Eder M, Louko I, Tunjic L, Heffeter P, Schueffl HH, Marian B, Haider N. Position-Selective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Four Isomeric A-Ring Amino Derivatives of the Alkaloid Luotonin A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040716. [PMID: 30781470 PMCID: PMC6412769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following two orthogonal synthetic routes, a series of all four possible A-ring amino derivatives of the natural product Luotonin A (a known Topoisomerase I inhibitor) was synthesized. In both strategies, intramolecular cycloaddition reactions are the key step. The target compounds were obtained in good yields by mild catalytic transfer hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro precursors. In-vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative activity towards human tumor cell lines revealed the 4-amino compound (5b) to be the most effective agent, showing an interesting profile of cytotoxic activity. Among other effects, a significant G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed for this compound, suggesting that either Topoisomerase I is not the only biological target, or that some atypical mechanism is responsible for inhibition of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Ibric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Eckerstorfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Eder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ivan Louko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leopold Tunjic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hemma Henrike Schueffl
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Norbert Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Antiproliferative Effects of Alkaloid Evodiamine and Its Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113403. [PMID: 30380774 PMCID: PMC6274956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids, a category of natural products with ring structures and nitrogen atoms, include most U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved plant derived anti-cancer agents. Evodiamine is an alkaloid with attractive multitargeting antiproliferative activity. Its high content in the natural source ensures its adequate supply on the market and guarantees further medicinal study. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review about the antiproliferative effects of evodiamine derivatives. Therefore, in this article the review of the antiproliferative activities of evodiamine will be updated. More importantly, the antiproliferative activities of structurally modified new analogues of evodiamine will be summarized for the first time.
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14
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Kong XF, Zhan F, He GX, Pan CX, Gu CX, Lu K, Mo DL, Su GF. Gold-Catalyzed Selective 6-exo-dig and 7-endo-dig Cyclizations of Alkyn-Tethered Indoles To Prepare Rutaecarpine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2006-2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fei Kong
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
- College
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jian Gan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guo-Xue He
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chen-Xi Gu
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ke Lu
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of
Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
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15
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Wu WS, Chien CC, Liu KH, Chen YC, Chiu WT. Evodiamine Prevents Glioma Growth, Induces Glioblastoma Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through JNK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:879-899. [PMID: 28514905 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is an active medicinal compound derived from the traditional herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa. It has been reported that evodiamine has several beneficial biological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of EVO against the growth of glioblastoma cells remain undefined. EVO induced significant decreases in the viability of U87 and C6 glioma cells, but not of primary astrocytes, according with the occurrence of apoptotic characteristics including DNA ladders, caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein cleavage, and hypodiploid cells. The disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected, and it was found that the peptidyl caspase-9 inhibitor, Z-LEHD-FMK, significantly prevented glioma cells from EVO-induced apoptosis. Increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein phosphorylation by EVO was observed, and the addition of JNK inhibitors, SP600125 and JNKI inhibited the EVO-induced apoptosis was inhibited. Additionally, EVO treatment induced G2/M arrest with increased polymerized tubulin protein expression in U87 and C6 cells. Elevated expressions of the cyclin B1, p53, and phosphorylated (p)-p53 proteins were detected in EVO-treated glioma cells, and these were inhibited by JNK inhibitors. An in vivo study showed that EVO significantly reduced the growth of gliomas elicited by the subcutaneous injection of U87 cells with increases in cyclin B1, p53, and p-p53 protein expressions in tumors. An analysis of eight EVO-related chemicals showed that alkyl groups at position 14 in EVO are important for its anti-glioma effects which involve both apoptosis and G2/M arrest. Evidence is provided that supports EVO induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest via the activation of JNK-mediated gene expression and disruption of MMP in glioblastoma cells. EVO was shown to penetrate the blood-brain barrier; EVO is therefore predicted to be a promising compound for the chemotherapy of glioblastomas and deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shin Wu
- * Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- * Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Hui Liu
- ¶ Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,** Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- * Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,†† Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Chiu
- ‡ Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,§ Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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16
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Fan JP, Liao DD, Xie YL, Zheng B, Yu JX, Cao YH, Zhang XH, Peng HL. A molecular imprinted polymer on the surface of superparamagnetic Fe3O4-graphene oxide (MIP@Fe3O4@GO) for simultaneous recognition and enrichment of evodiamine and rutaecarpine inEvodiae fructus. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bio-Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Dan-Dan Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yan-Long Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Jia-Xin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Ya-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- School of Foreign Language; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Hai-Long Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
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17
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Liu YQ, Wang XL, Cheng X, Lu YZ, Wang GZ, Li XC, Zhang J, Wen ZS, Huang ZL, Gao QL, Yang LN, Cheng YX, Tao SC, Liu J, Zhou GB. Skp1 in lung cancer: clinical significance and therapeutic efficacy of its small molecule inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34953-67. [PMID: 26474281 PMCID: PMC4741501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1 is an essential adaptor protein of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex and is able to stabilize the conformation of some ubiquitin E3 ligases. However, the role Skp1 plays during tumorigenesis remains unclear and Skp1-targeting agent is lacking. Here we showed that Skp1 was overexpressed in 36/64 (56.3%) of non-small cell lung cancers, and elevated Skp1 was associated with poor prognosis. By structure-based high-throughput virtual screening, we found some Skp1-targeting molecules including a natural compound 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP). 6-OAP bound Skp1 at sites critical to Skp1-Skp2 interaction, leading to dissociation and proteolysis of oncogenic E3 ligases NIPA, Skp2, and β-TRCP, and accumulation of their substrates Cyclin B1, P27 and E-Cadherin. 6-OAP induced prometaphase arrest and exerted potent anti-lung cancer activity in two murine models and showed low adverse effect. These results indicate that Skp1 is critical to lung cancer pathogenesis, and Skp1 inhibitor inactivates crucial oncogenic E3 ligases and exhibits significant therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qin-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li-Na Yang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Liu H, Huang C, Wu L, Wen B. Effect of evodiamine and berberine on miR-429 as an oncogene in human colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4121-7. [PMID: 27462166 PMCID: PMC4940014 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of epithelial organization and deregulated microRNAs are hallmarks of malignant carcinomas, but the relationship between them has been poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression of E-cadherin, Par3, and miR-429 during the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC). E-cadherin and Par3 levels were quantitatively detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. An in vitro culture of colorectal tissue was established to analyze the effect of berberine (BER) and evodiamine (EVO) on the level of miR-429. Our results suggested that E-cadherin and Par3 were remarkably decreased in tumor tissues compared with those in normal tissues, and miR-429 was upregulated in tumor tissues. After treatment of BER and EVO, the level of miR-429 was lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. This study investigated the potential relationship between miR-429, E-cadherin, and Par3 in CRC. The data suggested that BER and EVO can be potential therapeutic agents for CRC, as they downregulated the expression level of miR-429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Wu
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Spleen and Stomach, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhong ZF, Tan W, Wang SP, Qiang WA, Wang YT. Anti-proliferative activity and cell cycle arrest induced by evodiamine on paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16415. [PMID: 26553648 PMCID: PMC4639765 DOI: 10.1038/srep16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is the main factor for poor prognosis in human ovarian epithelial cancer. Active constituents derived from Chinese medicine with anti-cancer potential might circumvent this obstacle. In our present study, evodiamine (EVO) derived from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth suppressed the proliferation of human epithelial ovarian cancer, A2780 and the related paclitaxel-resistant cell lines and did not cause cytotoxicity, as confirmed by the significant decline of clone formation and the representative alterations of CFDA-SE fluorescence. Meanwhile, EVO induced cell cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This disturbance might be mediated by the cooperation of Cyclin B1 and Cdc2, including the up-regulation of Cyclin B1, p27, and p21, and activation failure of Cdc2 and pRb. MAPK signaling pathway regulation also assisted in this process. Furthermore, chemo-sensitivity potential was enhanced as indicated in A2780/PTXR cells by the down-regulation of MDR-1 expression, accompanied by MDR-1 function suppression. Taken together, we confirmed initially that EVO exerted an anti-proliferative effect on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells, A2780/WT and A2780/PTXR, induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and improved chemo-resistance. Overall, we found that EVO significantly suppressed malignant proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer, thus proving to be a potential anti-cancer agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Feng Zhong
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Wang
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, China
| | - Wen-An Qiang
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, China
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Senthilkumar R, Chen BA, Cai XH, Fu R. Anticancer and multidrug-resistance reversing potential of traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in leukemia cell lines. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:881-94. [PMID: 25556059 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance remains a serious clinical problem in the successful therapy of malignant diseases. It occurs in cultured tumor cell lines, as well as in human cancers. Therefore, it is critical to develop novel anticancer drugs with multidrug-resistance modulating potential to increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. Plant-derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. This review summarizes the anticancer and multidrug-resistance reversing properties of the extracts and bioactive compounds from traditional medicinal plants in different leukemia cell lines. Further mechanistic studies will pave the road to establish the anticancer potential of plant-derived natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Senthilkumar
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bao-An Chen
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Cai
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Evodiamine inhibits the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by blocking PI3K/Akt signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1388-96. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Sachita K, Kim Y, Yu HJ, Cho SD, Lee JS. In Vitro Assessment of the Anticancer Potential of Evodiamine in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1145-51. [PMID: 25903972 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine, a bioactive alkaloid, has been regarded as having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of evodiamine on cell growth and apoptosis in human oral cancer cell lines. Our data revealed that evodiamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of human oral cancer cells and resulted in the cleavages of PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) and caspase-3, in addition to causing the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Evodiamine also increased Bax protein levels and caused translocation of Bax into mitochondria and Bax oligomerization. In addition, evodiamine decreased expression of myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl-1) at the transcriptional modification, and knockdown of Mcl-1 clearly resulted in an increase in expression of Bax and active Bax, resulting in induction of apoptosis. Evodiamine reduced expression of phosphorylated AKT, and LY294002 potentiated evodiamine-induced apoptosis by regulating Mcl-1 protein. Our results suggest that evodiamine induces apoptosis in human oral cancer cells through the AKT pathway. These findings provide a rationale for its clinical application in the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadka Sachita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Food Industry Research Institute, Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 560-759, Korea
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Bai X, Meng H, Ma L, Guo A. Inhibitory effects of evodiamine on human osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:801-805. [PMID: 25621054 PMCID: PMC4301500 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy of bone, which is characterized by the proliferation of malignant mesenchymal cells, particularly in children and adolescents. Evodiamine is extracted from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines, which has been reported to induce apoptosis in certain tumors, including cervical, prostate and breast cancer, however, its effect on oestosarcoma cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of evodiamine on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis, and explore the associated underlying molecular mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was performed to detect the effects of evodiamine on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining was performed to analyze the apoptotic rate of the cells. The effect of evodiamine on the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and survivin were detected by performing western blot analysis. Evodiamine inhibited the growth of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. Western blotting demonstrated that evodiamine downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, caspase-3 and survivin, and upregulated the expression of Bax in human osteosarcoma cells. Evodiamine effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner via downregulation of Bcl-2, caspase-3 and survivin protein expression levels and upregulation of Bax protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hai Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Gong X. Development and validation of an UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for determination of dehydroevodiamine, limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine in Evodiae Fructus. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:374-83. [PMID: 25210328 PMCID: PMC4159934 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Evodiae Fructus (EF), one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines, mainly consists of alkaloids, is widely used for the treatments of headache and gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, a sensitive and reliable UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for qualitative determination of dehydroevodiamine, limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine. Materials and Methods: Chromatographic separations were accomplished on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.7 μm) by using a gradient elution profile with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Detection was performed using multiple reactions monitoring mode under ESI in the positive ion mode. Results: The results showed good linearity over the investigated concentration ranges (R2>0.9900) for the analytes. The limit of quantitations (LOQs) were 6.88 ng/mL for dehydroevodiamine, 18.6 ng/mL for limonin, 6.24 ng/mL for evodiamine, and 2.56 ng/mL for rutaecarpine, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviations, %) were <5% and accuracies ranged from 92% to 106%. Conclusion: The validated method was successfully applied to assay the contents of the four compounds in EF samples from different regions, with which just 10 min was needed to analyze each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Nature Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China ; Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunling Zhao
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Nature Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China ; Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Nature Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China ; Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Nature Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China ; Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
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Chien CC, Wu MS, Shen SC, Ko CH, Chen CH, Yang LL, Chen YC. Activation of JNK contributes to evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human colorectal carcinoma cells: a structure-activity study of evodiamine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99729. [PMID: 24959718 PMCID: PMC4069003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO; 8,13,13b,14-tetrahydro-14-methylindolo[2′3′-3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-[7H]-one derived from the traditional herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa was reported to possess anticancer activity; however, the anticancer mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of EVO on human colon COLO205 and HT-29 cells and their potential mechanisms. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that the viability of COLOL205 and HT-29 cells was inhibited by EVO at various concentrations in accordance with increases in the percentage of apoptotic cells and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential by EVO was accompanied by increased Bax, caspase-9 protein cleavage, and cytochrome (Cyt) c protein translocation in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Application of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, but did not affect EVO-induced apoptosis of COLO205 or HT-29 cells. Significant increases in the G2/M ratio and cyclinB1/cdc25c protein expression by EVO were respectively identified in colon carcinoma cells via a flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting. Induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein phosphorylation was detected in EVO-treated cells, and the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, but not the ERK inhibitor, U0126, inhibited EVO-induced phosphorylated JNK protein expression, apoptosis, and G2/M arrest of colon carcinoma cells. Data of the structure-activity analysis showed that EVO-related chemicals containing an alkyl group at position 14 were able to induce apoptosis, G2/M arrest associated with increased DNA ladder formation, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and elevated cycB1 and cdc25c protein expressions in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Evidence supporting JNK activation leading to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in colon carcinoma cells is provided, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for treatment of colonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Strategic Business and Innovation Technology Development Division, and Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Strategic Business and Innovation Technology Development Division, and Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zou L, Chen F, Bao J, Wang S, Wang L, Chen M, He C, Wang Y. Preparation, characterization, and anticancer efficacy of evodiamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:908-16. [PMID: 24904975 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.920936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is a plant-derived indolequinazoline alkaloid with potential anticancer activity. However, low bioavailability caused by its poor water solubility limits it anticancer efficacy in clinic. To enhance the solubility and improve the bioavailability of EVO, a delivery system based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with EVO (EVO-PLGA NPs) for treating breast cancer was prepared in this study. The physicochemical characterization and in vitro antitumor evaluation of EVO-PLGA NPs were determined. EVO-PLGA NPs could persistently control the release of EVO for 180 h. 3-[4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assessment and colony formation assay showed that EVO-PLGA NPs could enhance the toxicity and the proliferation inhibition effect of EVO on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. EVO-PLGA NPs did not strengthen G2/M arrest effect of EVO-treated cells after 24h incubation. Meanwhile, EVO-PLGA NPs could increase the expression of cyclin B1 and decrease the expression of β-actin. Taken together, these results suggested that -PLGA NPs is promising for improving anticancer efficacy of EVO in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Zou
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Fengqian Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Lu Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Meiwan Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and.,b Stake Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chengwei He
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , China and
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Synergistic anticancer effects of polyphyllin I and evodiamine on freshly-removed human gastric tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65164. [PMID: 23762305 PMCID: PMC3676398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to examine the anticancer effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine of polyphyllin I (PPI) and evodiamine (EVO) on freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues. Methods Sixty freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues were collected. Their sensitivity to PPI, EVO, platinum (Pt), 5-FU, irinotecan (CPT-11) were determined by histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). Those samples were also formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, which were used to examine the mRNA expression levels of aprataxin(APTX), excision repair cross-complementing 1(ERCC1), thymidylate synthase(TS) and topoisomerase I(TOPO1) by quantitative RT-PCR. The association of the gene expression levels and in vitro sensitivity were analyzed. Results PPI, EVO, Pt, 5-FU and CPT-11 had anticancer effects on the freshly-removed gastric tumor tissues with average inhibition rates of 20.64%±14.25% for PPI, 21.14%±13.43% for EVO, 50.57%±22.37% for Pt, 53.54%±22.03% for 5-FU, and 39.33%±24.79% for CPT-11, respectively. Combination of PPI and Pt, EVO and Pt, EVO and 5-FU had higher inhibition rates than any single drug of them (P<0.001, P = 0.028, P = 0.017, respectively). The mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 were correlated with Pt sensitivity (rho = −0.645, P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of TS were correlated with 5-FU sensitivity (rho = −0.803, P<0.001). There were also weak but significant correlations between APTX mRNA expression levels and CPT-11 sensitivity (rho = −0.376, P = 0.017) or EVO sensitivity (rho = −0.322, P = 0.036). ERCC1 mRNA expression levels was markedly suppressed by the presentation of PPI (P = 0.001) and slightly suppressed by the presentation of EVO (P = 0.04); whereas, TS mRNA expression levels was markedly decreased by the presentation of EVO (P = 0.017) and slightly decreased by the presentation of PPI (P = 0.047). Conclusion PPI and EVO both could inhibit the activity of freshly-removed gastric tumor, and they could enhance the anticancer effect of Pt and 5-FU by reducing the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 and TS.
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Pharmacological actions of multi-target-directed evodiamine. Molecules 2013; 18:1826-43. [PMID: 23434865 PMCID: PMC6270287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive ingredients of Evodiae fructus. With respect to the pharmacological actions of evodiamine, more attention has been paid to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, obesity, nociception, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, infectious diseases and themoregulative effects. evodiamine has evolved a superior ability to bind various proteins, so we also argue that it is good starting point for multi-target drugs. This review is primarily addressed to the description of the recent advances in the biological activity studies of evodiamine, with a focus on pharmacological mechanism. The present review also includes the pharmacokinetics and the detailed exploration of target-binding properties of evodiamine in an attempt to provide a direction for further multi-target drug design.
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29
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Alkaloids isolated from natural herbs as the anticancer agents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:485042. [PMID: 22988474 PMCID: PMC3440018 DOI: 10.1155/2012/485042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation and antimetastasis effects on various types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids, such as camptothecin and vinblastine, have already been successfully developed into anticancer drugs. This paper focuses on the naturally derived alkaloids with prospective anticancer properties, such as berberine, evodiamine, matrine, piperine, sanguinarine, and tetrandrine, and summarizes the mechanisms of action of these compounds. Based on the information in the literature that is summarized in this paper, the use of alkaloids as anticancer agents is very promising, but more research and clinical trials are necessary before final recommendations on specific alkaloids can be made.
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Sun HZ, Fang ZZ, Cao YF, Sun XY, Hong M. Investigation of the in Vitro
Metabolism of Evodiamine: Characterization of Metabolites and Involved Cytochrome P450 Isoforms. Phytother Res 2012; 27:705-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; Jinzhou 121001 China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO.457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Liaoning Medical University; Jinzhou China
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland 20892
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO.457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO.457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Mo Hong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NO.457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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Pan X, Hartley JM, Hartley JA, White KN, Wang Z, Bligh SWA. Evodiamine, a dual catalytic inhibitor of type I and II topoisomerases, exhibits enhanced inhibition against camptothecin resistant cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:618-624. [PMID: 22402246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that are the targets for several anticancer drugs. In this study we investigated the antiproliferative activity against human leukaemia cell lines and the effects on topoisomerase I and II of evodiamine, which is a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from the fruit of a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Evodia rutaecarpa. We report here the anti-proliferative activity against human leukaemia cells K562, THP-1, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-CEM/C1 and the inhibitory mechanism on human topoisomerases I and II, important anti-cancer drugs targets, of evodiamine. Evodiamine failed to trap [Topo-DNA] complexes and induce any detectable DNA damage in cells, was unable to bind or intercalate DNA, and arrested cells in the G(2)/M phase. The results suggest evodiamine is a dual catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerases I and II, with IC(50) of 60.74 and 78.81 μM, respectively. The improved toxicity towards camptothecin resistant cells further supports its inhibitory mechanism which is different from camptothecin, and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Stacey M, Fox P, Buescher S, Kolb J. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and telomere damage adversely impact cell survival. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhi B, Tang W, Zhang X. Enhancement of shrimp antiviral immune response through caspase-dependent apoptosis by small molecules. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:575-583. [PMID: 20936319 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemic diseases cost large amount of economic loss in the shrimp aquaculture. To control the epidemic diseases, it is a very efficient approach to enhance the shrimp immunity by immunostimulants. In aquaculture, however, the applications of the available immunostimulants are very limited due to the lack of information about the roles of these immunostimulants in animal immunity. In the present study, a caspase protein (PjCaspase), required in shrimp antiviral apoptosis, was used as the target protein to screen for small molecules which would enhance the shrimp immunity. Based on screening using the EGFP-PjCaspase fusion protein in insect cells, four small molecules could enhance the activity of PjCaspase protein. Among them, IL-2 and evodiamine were further evidenced to enhance the apoptotic activity of shrimp hemocytes in vivo, suggesting that the small molecules improved the activity of apoptosis through the activation of the PjCaspase protein. The results indicated that the enhancement of apoptotic activity effectively inhibited the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp, which further led to the decrease of mortalities of WSSV-infected shrimp. Therefore, our study, for the first time, presented that the strategy using the key proteins in immune responses of aquatic organisms as the target proteins was a very efficient approach for the screening of immunostimulants to prevent the aquatic organisms from pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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Cui J, Wu YY, Tan YH, Zhang GX, Du BY, Chang JR. Synergistic killing effect of evodiamine combined with RO3306, a CDK1 inhibitor, on murine colon cancer CT26 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1244-1250. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i12.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore whether there is a synergistic effect between evodiamine (EVO) and RO3306, a specific cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of murine colon cancer CT26 cells.
METHODS: The inhibitory effect of EVO on the proliferation of CT26 cells was determined by MTT assay to calculate IC50 at 24 h and the time required for the induction of irreversible apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of combination treatment with EVO and RO3306 either in a simultaneous or sequential way (pretreatment with EVO for 24 h followed by addition of RO3306 for another 6 h) on cell proliferation was also detected. CT26 cells were divided into six groups: control group, 2 mg/L EVO group, 4 mg/L EVO group, 15 mg/L RO3306 group, 2 mg/L EVO + 15 mg/L RO3306 group, and 4 mg/L EVO + 15 mg/L RO3306 group. Colony-forming assay and flow cytometry (FCM) assay were used to detect the effect of these treatments on cell proliferation and apoptosis. q-value analysis was used to estimate the synergistic effect of evodiamine and RO3306. A q value of ≥1.15 indicates synergism.
RESULTS: Treatment with EVO alone for 24 h had a significant inhibitory effect on CT26 cell proliferation, and IC50 was around 10.8 mg/L. The time required for the induction of irreversible apoptosis was 24 h. Combination treatment with EVO and RO3306 in a sequential way resulted in the rates of reduced proliferation of 22.0 ± 4.4%, 30.4 ± 3.2%, 12.3 ± 4.8%, 48.0 ± 3.2%, and 62.2±2.2% in each treatment group. The q values of the two sequential treatment groups were 1.52 and 1.60, while those of simultaneous treatment groups were 0.68 and 0.72, respectively. Colony-forming assay showed the reduced rates of colony formation were 9.7 ± 5.8%, 38.9 ± 3.8%, 10.8 ± 3.7%, 29.8 ± 10.7%, and 68.3 ± 12.7% in each treatment group. The q values of the two sequential treatment groups were 1.41 and 1.47. FCM assay showed that the apoptotic rates were 5.5±1.1%, 18.3 ± 1.9%, 25.6 ± 1.5%, 9.2 ± 1.1%, 39.1 ± 9.8%, and 54.6 ± 1.2% in each group (q > 1.15).
CONCLUSION: The time required for induction of irreversible apoptosis of CT26 cells by EVO is around 24 h and the inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. EVO exhibited a significant synergistic inhibitory effect with RO3306 on CT26 cell proliferation in a sequential treatment regime but not in a simultaneous treatment manner.
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Chen MC, Yu CH, Wang SW, Pu HF, Kan SF, Lin LC, Chi CW, Ho LLT, Lee CH, Wang PS. Anti-proliferative effects of evodiamine on human thyroid cancer cell line ARO. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:1495-503. [PMID: 20503248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer increases with age, and it is twice in women as common as in men. The undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC) is the most aggressive of all thyroid cancers. Unfortunately, there are almost no efficacious therapeutic modalities. It is important to develop some new effective therapies. Evodiamine is a chemical extracted from a kind of Chinese herb named Wu-Chu-Yu and has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. In the present study, the mechanism by which evodiamine inhibited the undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line ARO was examined. Based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol -2-yle)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell proliferation rate was reduced dose-dependently by evodiamine, but not by rutaecarpine. According to the flow cytometric analysis, evodiamine treatment resulted in G2/M arrest and DNA fragmentation in ARO cells. The G2/M arrest was accompanied with an increase of the expression of cdc25C, cyclin B1, and cdc2-p161 protein, and it was also with a decrease of the expression of cdc2-p15. Furthermore, by using the TUNEL assay, evodiamine-induced apoptosis was observed at 48 h and extended to 72 h. Western blotting demonstrated that evodiamine treatment induced the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). These results suggested that evodiamine inhibited the growth of the ARO cells, arrested them at M phase, and induced apoptosis through caspases signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ching Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yang ZG, Chen AQ, Liu B. Antiproliferation and apoptosis induced by evodiamine in human colorectal carcinoma cells (COLO-205). Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:924-33. [PMID: 19551742 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine (1), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (known in Chinese as Wu-Chu-Yu), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. It has recently been demonstrated that the cytotoxic activities of 1 might be due to its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of 1 on growth and apoptosis in COLO-205 cells by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and caspase-3 activity assay. Our data revealed that 1 could significantly inhibit COLO-205 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and 1-treated COLO-205 cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics and formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis. The COLO-205 cell cycle was arrested in G(2)/M phase by 1. Meanwhile, 1 increased the expression of Bax and p53, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, lowered the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and induced the activation of caspase-3. These activities may contribute to the anticarcinogenic action of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China.
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Heo SK, Yun HJ, Yi HS, Noh EK, Park SD. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine inhibit migration by LIGHT via suppression of NADPH oxidase activation. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:123-33. [PMID: 19241441 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
LIGHT acted as a new player in the atherogenesis. The dried, unripe fruit of Evodia Fructus (EF) has long been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and is currently widely used for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, colds and reduced blood circulation. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine are active components of EF. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of evodiamine and rutaecarpine on LIGHT-induced migration in human monocytes. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine decreased the LIGHT-induced production of ROS, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-alpha, and IL-6, as well as the expression of chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR2 and ICAM-1 and the phosphorylation of the ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor, AEBSF, blocked LIGHT-induced migration and activation of CCR1, CCR2, ICAM-1, and MAPK such as ERK and p38 in a manner similar to evodiamine and rutaecarpine. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine on LIGHT-induced migration and the activation of CCR1, CCR2, ICAM-1, ERK, and p38 MAPK occurs via decreased ROS production and NADPH oxidase activation. Taken together, these results indicate that evodiamine and rutaecarpine have the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Department of Prescriptionology, Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, University of Dongguk, Gyeongju City, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang J, Hu C. Evodiamine: a novel anti-cancer alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa. Molecules 2009; 14:1852-9. [PMID: 19471205 PMCID: PMC6254303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14051852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbs are regarded as a new and promising source of potential anti-cancer remedies and new chemotherapy adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or to ameliorate its side effects. Extensive investigations have been undertaken both in the experimental and clinical studies over the years to augment the efficacy of chemotherapy. Evodia rutaecarpa is a very popular multi-purpose herb traditionally used in China for the treatment of headaches, abdominal pain, postpartum hemorrhage, dysentery and amenorrhea. The major constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa are evodiamine and rutaecarpine. Growing evidence demonstrates that evodiamine possesses anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting proliferation, invasion and metastasis, inducing apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell lines. This review is aimed to summarize the recent researches on evodiamine focusing on anti-cancer activity and to highlight molecular mechanisms during the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Wang XN, Han X, Xu LN, Yin LH, Xu YW, Qi Y, Peng JY. Enhancement of apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells through synergy of berberine and evodiamine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:1062-1068. [PMID: 18579357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Berberine and evodiamine, two kinds of alkaloids, have been reported to show many activities. In the present paper, inhibitory activities of the two compounds and their mixtures on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were investigated, and the inhibitory rates, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were all tested and described. The results indicate that the mixtures of the two compounds showed the highest inhibition effect (50.00%) as compared with berberine and evodiamine used individually (20.24% and 16.33%, respectively) over 48 h. Through fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of SMMC-7721 induced by the synergy of the two compounds was made evident. Furthermore, the TNF-alpha value in the mixture treated group was much higher (p<0.05) than in the other two groups. Thus, the combined use of berberine and evodiamine could significantly enhance the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells, which will be useful to further anti-cancer therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-N Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Tian Y, Ju JY, Zhou YQ, Liu Y, Zhu LP. Inhibition of alpha-mannosidase Man2c1 gene expression suppresses growth of esophageal carcinoma cells through mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:2428-34. [PMID: 19018777 PMCID: PMC11158925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of suppressed alpha-mannosidase Man2c1 gene expression on EC9706 human esophageal carcinoma cells, the cells were treated with short interfering RNA. Growth inhibition of EC9706 cells was observed when Man2c1 expression was inhibited in this way. Flow cytometric analysis showed accumulation of cells in S and G(2)-M phases, as well as cell apoptosis. The mitotic index test showed cell-cycle arrest at the M checkpoint. Although the percentage of cells in (pro)metaphase increased, the proportion of cells in anaphase and telophase decreased. Apoptosis was trigged by mitotic arrest. Furthermore, microtubules in EC9607 cells were examined by means of fluorescence staining of alpha-tubulin. Although control cells showed a nest-like microtubule network, the microtubule network in experimental cells was vague and condensed at the perinuclear region. Some cells with Man2c1 suppression had large protrusions of cytoplasm, some of which linked with the main body through a long, thin connection. Western blotting showed that tubulin polymerization was inhibited. The data imply that induction of mitotic arrest and consequent apoptosis resulted from microtubule disorganization, which appears to be one of the major cellular mechanisms by which suppressed expression of the Man2c1 gene causes growth inhibition of EC9706 esophageal carcinoma cells. In addition, Man2c1 suppression results in upregulation of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin expression in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhou X, Cai Z, Gong X, Zhou C. Quality evaluation of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1230-6. [PMID: 18930617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and accurate HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of wuchuyuamide-I, quercetin, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine in Evodia rutaecarpa that has been widely used as one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Chromatographic separations were performed on a reverse-phase C(18) column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-water and the simultaneous detection at five wavelengths. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of r higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The recoveries measured at three levels varied from 98.77 to 102.36%. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the five chemical constituents in 36 batches of samples collected from different regions or time that were investigated and authenticated as E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of the five characteristic constituents. The total contents of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in different samples were calculated and the blending method proposed was demonstrated to be very useful in saving resources and in guiding rational herb use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wink M. Molecular modes of action of cytotoxic alkaloids: from DNA intercalation, spindle poisoning, topoisomerase inhibition to apoptosis and multiple drug resistance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 64:1-47. [PMID: 18085328 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lin BQ, Ji H, Li P, Jiang Y, Fang W. Selective antagonism activity of alkaloids from bulbs Fritillariae at muscarinic receptors: functional studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 551:125-30. [PMID: 17027747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
15 alkaloids were isolated from five Fritillariae species and 6 derivatives were synthesized. Alkaloids having anticholinergic effect on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle were screened out and their mechanism was further studied on the cAMP formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human muscarinic M2 receptor (CHO-hM2 cells) and intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) transient in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human muscarinic M3 receptor (CHO-hM3 cells). In normal Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution, imperialine (15), 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) and sinpeinine A (17) concentration-dependently relaxed 1 microM carbachol-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal rings with EC(50) of 4.19, 1.71 and 4.67 microM, respectively. In Ca(2+)-free KH solution, 10 microM 3beta-acetylimperialine (16), imperialine (15) and sinpeinnine A (17) caused 97.42%, 5.45% and 6.55% inhibition, respectively, which indicated that the three components might inhibit muscarinic receptor in different mechanism. Results of muscarinic M2 receptor-inhibited cAMP formation in CHO-hM2 cells showed that imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) could potently elevate the cAMP formation whereas 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) only had weak effect on antagonism of cAMP inhibition. Furthermore, the investigations of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) transient in CHO-hM3 cells revealed that imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) could not antagonize [Ca(2+)](i) transient, but 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) significantly inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) peak elevation with an IC(50) of 5.26 microM. The functional studies suggest that the mechanism of relaxant action of imperialine (15) and sinpeinine A (17) is due to their selective inhibitory effects on muscarinic M2 receptors and the mechanism of 3beta-acetylimperialine (16) originates from its selective muscarinic M3 receptors antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education of PRC and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Martín SF, Herva ME, Espinosa JC, Parra B, Castilla J, Brun A, Torres JM. Cell expression of a four extra octarepeat mutated PrPCmodifies cell structure and cell cycle regulation. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4097-104. [PMID: 16828087 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RK13 cell lines generated to express bovine PrP(C) with a four extra octarepeat insertional mutation (Bo-10ORPrP(C)) show partially insoluble PrP(C) and lower rates of cell growth when compared to either the same cells expressing wild type Bo-6ORPrP(C) or the original RK13 cell line. The expression of Bo-10ORPrP(C) in cell cultures was also associated with changes in cell size and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This last process was reversed by Clostridium difficile toxin-B, a specific inhibitor of small GTPase proteins. Further, in clones expressing Bo-10ORPrP(C), increased proportions of cells at cell cycle stage G2/M were observed. Proteasome inhibitors caused a further expansion of G2/M-stage cells that was more marked in cell lines expressing Bo-10ORPrP(C) than those expressing Bo-6ORPrP(C), while this effect was minimal or null in the original RK13 cell line. Hence, the presence of Bo-10ORPrP(C) in RK13 cells promotes cell cycle arrest at G2/M, and the effect is amplified by proteasome inhibition. These findings suggest a role for PrP(C) in cell morphology and cell cycle regulation, and open new avenues for understanding the mechanisms underlying PrP mutation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio F Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad (CISA-INIA), Ctra. de Algete a El Casar, km. 8.100, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Takada Y, Ichikawa H, Badmaev V, Aggarwal BB. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid potentiates apoptosis, inhibits invasion, and abolishes osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3127-40. [PMID: 16493072 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a component of an Ayurvedic therapeutic plant Boswellia serrata, is a pentacyclic terpenoid active against a large number of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, arthritis, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and bronchial asthma, but the mechanism is poorly understood. We found that AKBA potentiated the apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents, suppressed TNF-induced invasion, and inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis, all of which are known to require NF-kappaB activation. These observations corresponded with the down-regulation of the expression of NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic, proliferative, and angiogenic gene products. As examined by DNA binding, AKBA suppressed both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation in tumor cells. It also abrogated NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF, IL-1beta, okadaic acid, doxorubicin, LPS, H2O2, PMA, and cigarette smoke. AKBA did not directly affect the binding of NF-kappaB to the DNA but inhibited sequentially the TNF-induced activation of IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK), IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha ubiquitination, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and p65 nuclear translocation. AKBA also did not directly modulate IKK activity but suppressed the activation of IKK through inhibition of Akt. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited the NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNFR type 1, TNFR-associated death domain protein, TNFR-associated factor 2, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, and IKK, but not that activated by the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Overall, our results indicated that AKBA enhances apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents, inhibits invasion, and suppresses osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Takada
- Cytokine Research Section, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chen W, He FY, Li YQ. The apoptosis effect of hispolon from Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng on human epidermoid KB cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:280-5. [PMID: 16563677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng, a well-known fungus of the genus Phellinus in the family of Hymenochaetaceae, is being increasingly used to treat a wide variety of disease processes such as oral ulcer, gastroenteric disorder, inflammation, lymphatic disease, and various cancers. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-oral cancer effect is poorly understood. In the present study, we prepared the ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus as a crude drug, and then obtained the active component hispolon by bioassay-guided isolation. Hispolon showed a dose-dependent inhibition of human epidermoid KB cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.62+/-0.16 microg/ml. Furthermore, it was revealed that hispolon could induce human epidermoid KB cell apoptosis with the characteristic of a DNA ladder, and with a significant increase of sub-G1. This process was accompanied by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of Caspase-3. These results demonstrated that hispolon induced the death of KB cells through a mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway. We propose that Phellinus linteus and its effective components could be used as an anti-oral cancer drug for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Zhejiang University, College of Life Science, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Yoshizaki F, Melegari M. Development and validation of HPLC methods for the analysis of phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids inEvodiaspecies. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:641-9. [PMID: 16605082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatographic performance of a PEG stationary phase, in comparison with those of C18 columns, for the HPLC analysis of phenethylamine ((+/-)-synephrine) and indoloquinazoline (rutaecarpine and evodiamine) alkaloids in methanolic extracts of fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (i.e., E. officinalis Dode) (Rutaceae family). The method was validated and showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The highest content of both phenethylamine and indoloquinazoline alkaloids was found in methanolic fruit extracts of E. rutaecarpa, and it was closely related to the degree of maturity. E. officinalis fruits displayed low amounts of both types of alkaloids. Furthermore, an enantioselective HPLC method for the enantioseparation of (+/-)-synephrine from Evodia fruits was applied, by using a protein-based chiral stationary phase with cellobiohydrolase (CBH) as the chiral selector (Chiral-CBH). Isolation of synephrine from Evodia aqueous fruit extracts was carried out by strong cation-exchange SPE. The results of the application of the method to the analysis of Evodia samples showed that (-)-synephrine was the main component while (+)-synephrine was present in low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Zhou Y, Li SH, Jiang RW, Cai M, Liu X, Ding LS, Xu HX, But PPH, Shaw PC. Quantitative analyses of indoloquinazoline alkaloids in Fructus Evodiae by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3111-8. [PMID: 16986209 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Evodiae (Wuzhuyu), the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and related varieties, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The bioactive constituents include the indoloquinazoline alkaloids rutaecarpine, evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine. A new assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/APCI-MS/MS) was developed for the measurement of the indoloquinazoline alkaloids in commercial Fructus Evodiae products. Initially, the MS/MS fragmentation pathways of indoloquinazoline alkaloids were investigated to identify fragment ions that might be useful for the sensitive and selective detection of trace indoloquinazoline alkaloids during LC/MS/MS. Then, quantitative MS analysis of five indoloquinazoline alkaloids in 12 commercial Fructus Evodiae products from different geographical sources was performed. Analyte recovery was in the range of 97.5-105.3% for all with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 6%, the intra-assay and inter-assay RSDs were less than 7%, and good linear relationships were shown with correlation coefficients for the analytes exceeding 0.999. Therefore, this LC/MS/MS assay facilitated the rapid quantitative analysis of rutaecarpine, evodiamine, evodiamide, 14-formyldihydrorutaecarpine and dehydroevodiamine in 12 commercial Fructus Evodiae products with excellent recovery, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity. This method is simple and specific and can be used for identification and quality control of this traditional Chinese remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Yoshizaki F, Bertelli D, Rossi MC. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile compounds of Evodia species fruits. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1087:265-73. [PMID: 16130723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study the investigation of the aroma compounds of dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (i.e. E. officinalis Dode) (Rutaceae family) was carried out to identify the odorous target components responsible for the characteristic aroma of these valuable natural products. To avoid the traditional and more time-consuming hydrodistillation, the analyses were carried out by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SPME headspace volatiles were collected using a divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) fiber. The extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface experimental design to analyze the effect of three factors: extraction temperature, equilibrium time and extraction time. The best response was obtained when the extraction temperature was around 80 degrees C, equilibrium time near 25 min and extraction time close to 18 min. Analyses were performed by GC-MS with a 5% diphenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., film thickness 0.25 microm) capillary column using He as the carrier gas and a programmed temperature run. The main components of the HS-SPME samples of E. rutaecarpa (concentration >3.0%) were limonene (33.79%), beta-elemene (10.78%), linalool (8.15%), myrcene (5.83%), valencene (4.73%), beta-caryophyllene (4.62%), linalyl acetate (4.13%) and alpha-terpineol (3.99%). As for E. officinalis, the major compounds were myrcene (32.79%), limonene (18.36%), beta-caryophyllene (9.92%), trans-beta-ocimene (6.04%), linalool (5.88%), beta-elemene (7.85%) and valencene (4.62%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Takada Y, Kobayashi Y, Aggarwal BB. Evodiamine Abolishes Constitutive and Inducible NF-κB Activation by Inhibiting IκBα Kinase Activation, Thereby Suppressing NF-κB-regulated Antiapoptotic and Metastatic Gene Expression, Up-regulating Apoptosis, and Inhibiting Invasion. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:17203-12. [PMID: 15710601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500077200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine, an alkaloidal component extracted from the fruit of Evodiae fructus (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., Rutaceae), exhibits antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and apoptotic activities through a poorly defined mechanism. Because several genes that regulate cellular proliferation, carcinogenesis, metastasis, and survival are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), we postulated that evodiamine mediates its activity by modulating NF-kappaB activation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of evodiamine on NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression activated by various carcinogens. We demonstrate that evodiamine was a highly potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, and it abrogated both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition corresponded with the sequential suppression of IkappaBalpha kinase activity, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, and p65 acetylation. Evodiamine also inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced Akt activation and its association with IKK. Suppression of Akt activation was specific, because it had no effect on JNK or p38 MAPK activation. Evodiamine also inhibited the NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF, TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, NIK, and IKK but not that activated by the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB-regulated gene products such as Cyclin D1, c-Myc, COX-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1, MDR1, Survivin, XIAP, IAP1, IAP2, FLIP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bfl-1/A1 were all down-regulated by evodiamine. This down-regulation potentiated the apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents and suppressed TNF-induced invasive activity. Overall, our results indicated that evodiamine inhibits both constitutive and induced NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression and that this inhibition may provide a molecular basis for the ability of evodiamine to suppress proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Takada
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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