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Dias C, Lourenço CF, Laranjinha J, Ledo A. Modulation of oxidative neurometabolism in ischemia/reperfusion by nitrite. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:779-786. [PMID: 36403737 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite has been viewed essentially as an inert metabolic endpoint of nitric oxide (•NO). However, under certain conditions, nitrite can be a source of •NO. In the brain, this alternative source of •NO production independent of nitric oxide synthase activity may be particularly relevant in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), where low oxygen availability limits enzymatic production of •NO. Notably, in vivo concentration of nitrite can be easily increased with diet, through the ingestion of nitrate-rich foods, opening the window for a therapeutic intervention based on diet. Considering the modulation of mitochondrial respiration by •NO, we have hypothesized that the protective action of nitrite in I/R may also result from modulation of mitochondrial function. We used high-resolution respirometry to evaluate the effects of nitrite in two in vitro models of I/R. In both cases, an increase in oxygen flux was observed following reoxygenation, a phenomenon that has been coined "oxidative burst". The amplitude of this "oxidative burst" was decreased by nitrite in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, a pilot in vivo study in which animals received a nitrate-rich diet as a strategy to increase circulating and tissue levels of nitrite also revealed that the "oxidative burst" was decreased in the nitrate-treated animals. These results may provide mechanistic support to the observation of a protective effect of nitrite in situations of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dias
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C F Lourenço
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Ledo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.
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The Therapeutic Potential of Naturally Occurring Peptides in Counteracting SH-SY5Y Cells Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911778. [PMID: 36233079 PMCID: PMC9569762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have revealed a large range of biological activities with high selectivity and efficiency for the development of new drugs, including neuroprotective agents. Therefore, this work investigates the neuroprotective properties of naturally occurring peptides, endomorphin-1 (EM-1), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), rubiscolin-5 (R-5), and rubiscolin-6 (R-6). We aimed at answering the question of whether well-known opioid peptides can counteract cell injury in a common in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Antioxidant activity of these four peptides was evaluated by the 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while neuroprotective effects were assessed in a neurotoxic model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). The mechanisms associated with neuroprotection were investigated by the determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Caspase-3 activity. Among the tested peptides, endomorphins significantly prevented neuronal death induced by 6-OHDA treatment, decreasing MMP (EM-1) or Caspase-3 activity (EM-2). Meanwhile, R-6 showed antioxidant potential by FRAP assay and exhibited the highest capacity to recover the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA via attenuation of ROS levels and mitochondrial dysfunction. Generally, we hypothesize that peptides’ ability to suppress the toxic effect induced by 6-OHDA may be mediated by different cellular mechanisms. The protective effect caused by endomorphins results in an antiapoptotic effect (mitochondrial protection and decrease in Caspase-3 activity), while R-6 potency to increase a cell’s viability seems to be mediated by reducing oxidative stress. Our results may provide new insight into neurodegeneration and support the short peptides as a potent drug candidate to treat PD. However, further studies should be conducted on the detailed mechanisms of how tested peptides could suppress neuronal injuries.
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Perlikowska R. Whether short peptides are good candidates for future neuroprotective therapeutics? Peptides 2021; 140:170528. [PMID: 33716091 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a broad group of largely debilitating, and ultimately terminal conditions resulting in progressive degeneration of different brain regions. The observed damages are associated with cell death, structural and functional deficits of neurons, or demyelination. The concept of neuroprotection concerns the administration of the agent, which should reverse some of the damage or prevent further adverse changes. A growing body of evidence suggested that among many classes of compounds considered as neuroprotective agents, peptides derived from natural materials or their synthetic analogs are good candidates. They presented a broad spectrum of activities and abilities to act through diverse mechanisms of action. Biologically active peptides have many properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Peptides with pro-survival and neuroprotective activities, associated with inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and are able to improve cell viability or mitochondrial functions, are also promising molecules of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industries. Peptide multiple activities open the way for broad application potential as therapeutic agents or ingredients of health-promoting functional foods. Significantly, synthetic peptides can be remodeled in numerous ways to have desired features, such as increased solubility or biological stability, as well as selectivity towards a specific receptor, and finally better membrane penetration. This review summarized the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders, their causes, consequences, and reported new neuroprotective drug development approaches. The author focused on the unique perspectives in neuroprotection and provided a concise survey of short peptides proposed as novel therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Nylander E, Zelleroth S, Nyberg F, Grönbladh A, Hallberg M. The effects of morphine, methadone, and fentanyl on mitochondria: A live cell imaging study. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:126-134. [PMID: 33741459 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The important role of mitochondria in maintaining normal brain cell function has been demonstrated in several neurodegenerative diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature. Accumulating evidence indicates that opioids may induce neuronal cell death and inhibit neurogenesis, two factors that are dependent on normal mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of morphine, methadone, and fentanyl on MitoTracker-stained mitochondria. Cells from the neuroblastoma/glioma hybrid cell-line NG108-15 were seeded on 96-well cell culture plates and treated with MitoTracker for 30 min prior to opioid treatment. Morphine, methadone, and fentanyl were added at various concentrations and images of mitochondria were acquired every 30 min for four hours using a high-content imaging device. The parameters total mitochondrial area, mitochondrial network, as well as the number and mean area of mitochondrial objects were analyzed using automated image analysis. Methadone and fentanyl, but not morphine, decreased the mitochondrial network, the number of mitochondrial objects, and increased the mean area of mitochondrial objects. Both methadone and fentanyl altered mitochondrial morphology with no effects seen from morphine treatment. These data suggest that methadone and fentanyl impact mitochondrial morphology negatively, which may be associated with neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dezfulian C, Orkin AM, Maron BA, Elmer J, Girotra S, Gladwin MT, Merchant RM, Panchal AR, Perman SM, Starks MA, van Diepen S, Lavonas EJ. Opioid-Associated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Distinctive Clinical Features and Implications for Health Care and Public Responses: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e836-e870. [PMID: 33682423 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Opioid overdose is the leading cause of death for Americans 25 to 64 years of age, and opioid use disorder affects >2 million Americans. The epidemiology of opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States is changing rapidly, with exponential increases in death resulting from synthetic opioids and linear increases in heroin deaths more than offsetting modest reductions in deaths from prescription opioids. The pathophysiology of polysubstance toxidromes involving opioids, asphyxial death, and prolonged hypoxemia leading to global ischemia (cardiac arrest) differs from that of sudden cardiac arrest. People who use opioids may also develop bacteremia, central nervous system vasculitis and leukoencephalopathy, torsades de pointes, pulmonary vasculopathy, and pulmonary edema. Emergency management of opioid poisoning requires recognition by the lay public or emergency dispatchers, prompt emergency response, and effective ventilation coupled to compressions in the setting of opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Effective ventilation is challenging to teach, whereas naloxone, an opioid antagonist, can be administered by emergency medical personnel, trained laypeople, and the general public with dispatcher instruction to prevent cardiac arrest. Opioid education and naloxone distributions programs have been developed to teach people who are likely to encounter a person with opioid poisoning how to administer naloxone, deliver high-quality compressions, and perform rescue breathing. Current American Heart Association recommendations call for laypeople and others who cannot reliably establish the presence of a pulse to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation in any individual who is unconscious and not breathing normally; if opioid overdose is suspected, naloxone should also be administered. Secondary prevention, including counseling, opioid overdose education with take-home naloxone, and medication for opioid use disorder, is important to prevent recurrent opioid overdose.
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The neuroprotective role of the brain opioid system in stroke injury. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1385-1395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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黄 艳, 杨 天, 金 植, 王 娅, 叶 红, 高 琴, 李 正. [Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in mediating the effect of endomorphin-1 postconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:547-553. [PMID: 29891450 PMCID: PMC6743906 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in mediating the effect of endomorphine-1 postconditioning to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. METHODS Forty-five male SD rats were randomized equally for sham operation, myocardial IR injury, endomorphin-1 postconditioning, atractyloside (a MPTP opener) postconditioning, or endomorphin-1 + atractyloside postconditioning. The hemodynamic param-eters of the rats were monitored in real time via carotid artery cannulation to the left ventricle. After reperfusion, plasma samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The size of myocardial infarct area was detected using Evans blue and TTC double staining, and the myocardial expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS Myocardial IR injury resulted in significantly decreased heart rate and blood pressure in the rats (P<0.05). Compared with those in IR group, the rats with endomorphin-1 postconditioning showed significantly increased heart rate and blood pressure (P<0.05), lowered contents or activities of LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, IL-6, TNF-α, Cyt-C and MDA in the plasma (P<0.05), increased plasma SOD activity (P<0.05), reduced size of myocardial infarction, decreased myocardial expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein (P<0.05), and increased myocardial expression of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.05). All these changes induced by endomorphin-1 were obviously reversed by atractyloside postconditioning (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Endomorphin-1 postconditioning protects against myocardial IR injury in rats probably by inhibiting the opening of MPTP and reducing cardiac myocyte apoptosis via down-regulating cleaved caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 艳平 黄
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 天华 杨
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 植炎 金
- 苏州大学药学院, 江苏 苏州 215123Soochow University College of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - 娅 王
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 红伟 叶
- 蚌埠医学院 科研中心, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 琴 高
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 蚌埠医学院 科研中心, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 正红 李
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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8
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Protective effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ against iron ion 56Fe radiation induced brain injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:1-7. [PMID: 29317239 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to iron ion 56Fe radiation (IR) during space missions poses a significant risk to the central nervous system and radiation exposure is intimately linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that has been shown to decrease oxidative damage and lower mitochondrial ROS in a number of animal models. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate role of the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant MitoQ against 56Fe particle irradiation-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction in the mouse brains. Increased ROS levels were observed in mouse brains after IR compared with the control group. Enhanced ROS production leads to disruption of cellular antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial respiration dysfunction, altered mitochondria dynamics and increased release of cytochrome c (cyto c) from mitochondria into cytosol resulting in apoptotic cell death. MitoQ reduced IR-induced oxidative stress (decreased ROS production and increased SOD, CAT activities) with decreased lipid peroxidation as well as reduced protein and DNA oxidation. MitoQ also protected mitochondrial respiration after IR. In addition, MitoQ increased the expression of mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy gene1 (OPA1), and decreased the expression of dynamic-like protein (Drp1). MitoQ also suppressed mitochondrial DNA damage, cyto c release, and caspase-3 activity in IR-treated mice compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that MitoQ may protect against IR-induced brain injury.
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Min JW, Liu Y, Wang D, Qiao F, Wang H. The non-peptidic δ-opioid receptor agonist Tan-67 mediates neuroprotection post-ischemically and is associated with altered amyloid precursor protein expression, maturation and processing in mice. J Neurochem 2017; 144:336-347. [PMID: 29193080 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tan-67 is a selective non-peptidic δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist that confers neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-caused neuronal injury in pre-treated animals. In this study, we examined whether post-ischemic administration of Tan-67 in stroke mice is also neuroprotective and whether the treatment affects expression, maturation and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). A focal cerebral I/R model in mice was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h and Tan-67 (1.5, 3 or 4.5 mg/kg) was administered via the tail vein at 1 h after reperfusion. Alternatively, naltrindole, a selective DOR antagonist (5 mg/kg), was administered 1 h before Tan-67 treatment. Our results showed that post-ischemic administration of Tan-67 (3 mg/kg or 4.5 mg/kg) was neuroprotective as shown by decreased infarct volume and neuronal loss following I/R. Importantly, Tan-67 improved animal survival and neurobehavioral outcomes. Conversely, naltrindole abolished Tan-67 neuroprotection in infarct volume. Tan-67 treatment also increased APP expression, maturation and processing in the ipsilateral penumbral area at 6 h but decreased APP expression and maturation in the same brain area at 24 h after I/R. Tan-67-induced increase in APP expression was also seen in the ischemic cortex at 24 h following I/R. Moreover, Tan-67 attenuated BACE-1 expression, β-secretase activity and the BACE cleavage of APP in the ischemic cortex at 24 h after I/R, which was abolished by naltrindole. Our data suggest that Tan-67 is a promising DOR-dependent therapeutic agent for treating I/R-caused disorder and that Tan-67-mediated neuroprotection may be mediated via modulating APP expression, maturation and processing, despite an uncertain causative relationship between the altered APP and the outcomes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Min
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Yanying Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - David Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Fangfang Qiao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
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Ning JZ, Rao T, Cheng F, Yu WM, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Zhu SM, Du Y, Xiao CC. Effect of varicocelectomy treatment on spermatogenesis and apoptosis via the induction of heat shock protein 70 in varicocele‑induced rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5406-5412. [PMID: 28849011 PMCID: PMC5647084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the hypothesis that testicular varicocelectomy improves spermatogenesis and attenuates apoptosis via the induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in a rat model of varicocele was investigated. Adult male Wistar rats (n=75) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 each: Control, sham, varicocele, varicocelectomy, and varicocelectomy plus Quercetin. A total of 6 weeks after the varicocelectomy, the left testis of all rats was removed for subsequent examination. Histological changes were compared between the groups. The expression of Hsp70 and apoptosis‑associated indicators were evaluated based on immunohistochemical, western blot and mRNA expression analyses. Compared with the varicocele group, the varicocelectomy group exhibited a markedly reduced Bcl‑2‑associated X protein/B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl‑2) ratio, and had a decreased expression of caspase‑9, cytochrome c (cyt c) and caspase‑3 through the intrinsic signal transduction pathways. Quercetin treatment inhibited the protective effects of varicocelectomy. The expression of Hsp70 was increased in the varicocele group which was further elevated by the varicocelectomy. These results indicated that varicocelectomy can reduce the Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, and decrease the levels of caspase‑9, cyt c and caspase‑3 via the mitochondrial signal transduction pathway. Such protective effects on left testis spermatogenesis and against apoptosis may be due to the induction of Hsp70. The findings of the present study suggested that varicocelectomy has a clear advantage in protecting testicular function and ameliorating spermatogenic cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Lesniak A, Leszczynski P, Bujalska-Zadrozny M, Pick CG, Sacharczuk M. Naloxone exacerbates memory impairments and depressive-like behavior after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in mice with upregulated opioid system activity. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:209-216. [PMID: 28284950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of the endogenous opioid system in the pathophysiological sequelae of brain injury remains largely ambiguous. Noteworthy, almost no data is available on how its genetically determined activity influences the outcome of mild traumatic brain injury. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine the effect of opioid receptor blockage on cognitive impairments produced by mild traumatic brain injury in mice selectively bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim-stress induced analgesia that show innate divergence in opioid system activity. Mild traumatic brain injury was induced with a weight-drop device on anaesthetized mice. Naloxone (5mg/kg) was intraperitoneally delivered twice a day for 7days to non-selectively block opioid receptors. Spatial memory performance and manifestations of depressive-like behavior were assessed using the Morris Water Maze and tail suspension tests, respectively. Mild traumatic brain injury resulted in a significant deterioration of spatial memory performance and severity of depressive-like behavior in the LA mouse line as opposed to HA mice. Opioid receptor blockage with naloxone unmasked cognitive deficits in HA mice but was without effect in the LA line. The results suggest a protective role of genetically predetermined enhanced opioid system activity in suppression of mild brain trauma-induced cognitive impairments. Mice selected for high and low swim stress-induced analgesia might therefore be a useful model to study the involvement of the opioid system in the pathophysiology and neurological outcome of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lesniak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Leszczynski
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy, and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
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12
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Amini-Khoei H, Hosseini MJ, Momeny M, Rahimi-Balaei M, Amiri S, Haj-Mirzaian A, Khedri M, Jahanabadi S, Mohammadi-Asl A, Mehr SE, Dehpour AR. Morphine Attenuated the Cytotoxicity Induced by Arsenic Trioxide in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:132-9. [PMID: 26815588 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an efficient drug for the treatment of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Inhibition of proliferation as well as apoptosis, attenuation of migration, and induction of differentiation in tumor cells are the main mechanisms through which ATO acts against APL. Despite advantages of ATO in treatment of some malignancies, certain harmful side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, have been reported. It has been well documented that morphine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective properties and is able to attenuate cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of morphine against ATO toxicity in H9c2 myocytes using multi-parametric assay including thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase 3 activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation assay, and expression of apoptotic markers. Our results showed that morphine (1 μM) attenuated cytotoxicity induced by ATO in H9c2 cells. Results of this study suggest that morphine may have protective properties in management of cardiac toxicity in patients who receive ATO as an anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Queensland, Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khedri
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samane Jahanabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaie Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Zhang WP, Zong QF, Gao Q, Yu Y, Gu XY, Wang Y, Li ZH, Ge M. Effects of endomorphin-1 postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial cell apoptosis in a rat model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3992-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Motaghinejad M, Karimian SM, Motaghinejad O, Shabab B, Asadighaleni M, Fatima S. The effect of various morphine weaning regimens on the sequelae of opioid tolerance involving physical dependency, anxiety and hippocampus cell neurodegeneration in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:299-309. [PMID: 25846801 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of morphine induces physical dependency, anxiety, and neurodegeneration. In this study, morphine on its own has been used for the management of morphine-induced dependency, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in groups 1-5 were made morphine dependent by an increasing manner of morphine for 7 days (15-45 mg/kg). For the next 14 days, morphine was administered using the following regimen: (i) once daily 45 mg/kg (positive controls), (ii) the same dose at additional intervals (6 h longer than the previous intervals each time), (iii) 45 mg/kg of morphine at irregular intervals like of 12, 24, 36 h, (iv) decreasing dose once daily (every time 2.5 mg/kg less than the former dosage). Group 5 received 45 mg/kg of morphine and 10 mg/kg of SOD mimetic agent (M40401) injection per day. Group 6 (negative control) received saline solution only. On day 22, all animals received naloxone (3 mg/kg) and their Total Withdrawal Index (TWI) and blood cortisol levels were measured. After drug treatment, hippocampus cells were isolated, and oxidative, antioxidative, and apoptotic factors were evaluated. Various regimens of morphine reduced TWI, cortisol levels, Bax activity, caspase-3, caspase-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β and lipid peroxidation. In all treatment groups, GSH level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and Bcl-2 activity were significantly increased. Furthermore, SOD mimetic agent c diminished morphine effect on SOD activity. Thus, varying the dosage regimen of morphine can reduce the severity of morphine-induced dependency and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shabab
- Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceuticals Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Asadighaleni
- Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceuticals Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences- International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Wassink G, Lear CA, Gunn KC, Dean JM, Bennet L, Gunn AJ. Analgesics, sedatives, anticonvulsant drugs, and the cooled brain. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 20:109-14. [PMID: 25457080 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that prolonged, moderate cerebral hypothermia initiated within a few hours after severe hypoxia-ischemia and continued until resolution of the acute phase of delayed cell death reduces mortality and improves neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants. The challenge is now to find ways to further improve outcomes. In the present review, we critically examine the evidence that conventional analgesic, sedative, or anticonvulsant agents might improve outcomes, in relation to the known window of opportunity for effective protection with hypothermia. This review strongly indicates that there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine use of these agents during therapeutic hypothermia. Further systematic research into the effects of pain and stress on the injured brain, and their treatment during hypothermia, is essential to guide the rational development of clinical treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Wassink
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Katherine C Gunn
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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16
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Yang L, Islam MR, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato TJ. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a potent opioid receptor agonist, biphalin, compared to subtype-selective opioid receptor agonists for stroke treatment. Brain Res 2015; 1609:1-11. [PMID: 25801116 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To meet the challenge of identification of new treatments for stroke, this study was designed to evaluate a potent, nonselective opioid receptor (OR) agonist, biphalin, in comparison to subtype selective OR agonists, as a potential neuroprotective drug candidate using in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. Our in vitro approach included mouse primary neuronal cells that were challenged with glutamate and hypoxic/aglycemic (H/A) conditions. We observed that 10nM biphalin, exerted a statistically significant neuroprotective effect after glutamate challenge, compared to all selective opioid agonists, according to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Moreover, 10nM biphalin provided superior neuroprotection after H/A-reoxygenation compared to selective opioid agonists in all cases. Our in vitro investigations were supported by in vivo studies which indicate that the nonselective opioid agonist, biphalin, achieves enhanced neuroprotective potency compared to any of the selective opioid agonists, evidenced by reduced edema and infarct ratios. Reduction of edema and infarction was accompanied by neurological improvement of the animals in two independent behavioral tests. Collectively these data strongly suggest that concurrent agonist stimulation of mu, kappa and delta ORs with biphalin is neuroprotective and superior to neuroprotection by activation of any single OR subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad R Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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17
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Morphine protects against methylmercury intoxication: a role for opioid receptors in oxidative stress? PLoS One 2014; 9:e110815. [PMID: 25330195 PMCID: PMC4201572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is an extremely dangerous environmental contaminant responsible for episodes of human intoxication throughout the world. Methylmercury, the most toxic compound of this metal, mainly targets the central nervous system, accumulating preferentially in cells of glial origin and causing oxidative stress. Despite studies demonstrating the current exposure of human populations, the consequences of mercury intoxication and concomitant use of drugs targeting the central nervous system (especially drugs used in long-term treatments, such as analgesics) are completely unknown. Morphine is a major option for pain management; its global consumption more than quadrupled in the last decade. Controversially, morphine has been proposed to function in oxidative stress independent of the activation of the opioid receptors. In this work, a therapeutic concentration of morphine partially protected the cellular viability of cells from a C6 glioma cell line exposed to methylmercury. Morphine treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation and totally prevented increases in nitrite levels in those cells. A mechanistic study revealed no alteration in sulfhydryl groups or direct scavenging at this opioid concentration. Interestingly, the opioid antagonist naloxone completely eliminated the protective effect of morphine against methylmercury intoxication, pointing to opioid receptors as the major contributor to this action. Taken together, the experiments in the current study provide the first demonstration that a therapeutic concentration of morphine is able to reduce methylmercury-induced oxidative damage and cell death by activating the opioid receptors. Thus, these receptors may be a promising pharmacological target for modulating the deleterious effects of mercury intoxication. Although additional studies are necessary, our results support the clinical safety of using this opioid in methylmercury-intoxicated patients, suggesting that normal analgesic doses could confer an additional degree of protection against the cytotoxicity of this xenobiotic.
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18
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Almeida MB, Costa-Malaquias A, Nascimento JLM, Oliveira KR, Herculano AM, Crespo-López ME. Therapeutic concentration of morphine reduces oxidative stress in glioma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:398-402. [PMID: 24728211 PMCID: PMC4075308 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic opioid used extensively for pain treatment. During the
last decade, global consumption grew more than 4-fold. However, molecular mechanisms
elicited by morphine are not totally understood. Thus, a growing literature indicates
that there are additional actions to the analgesic effect. Previous studies about
morphine and oxidative stress are controversial and used concentrations outside the
range of clinical practice. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that a
therapeutic concentration of morphine (1 μM) would show a protective effect in a
traditional model of oxidative stress. We exposed the C6 glioma cell line to hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) and/or morphine for 24 h and evaluated cell
viability, lipid peroxidation, and levels of sulfhydryl groups (an indicator of the
redox state of the cell). Morphine did not prevent the decrease in cell viability
provoked by H2O2 but partially prevented lipid peroxidation
caused by 0.0025% H2O2 (a concentration allowing more than 90%
cell viability). Interestingly, this opioid did not alter the increased levels of
sulfhydryl groups produced by exposure to 0.0025% H2O2, opening
the possibility that alternative molecular mechanisms (a direct scavenging activity
or the inhibition of NAPDH oxidase) may explain the protective effect registered in
the lipid peroxidation assay. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that
morphine in usual analgesic doses may contribute to minimizing oxidative stress in
cells of glial origin. This study supports the importance of employing concentrations
similar to those used in clinical practice for a better approximation between
experimental models and the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A Costa-Malaquias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - J L M Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - K R Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M E Crespo-López
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Makrecka M, Svalbe B, Volska K, Sevostjanovs E, Liepins J, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Liepinsh E, Dambrova M. Mildronate, the inhibitor of L-carnitine transport, induces brain mitochondrial uncoupling and protects against anoxia-reoxygenation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:55-61. [PMID: 24333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of mitochondrial function is essential for normal brain function after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. l-carnitine is a cofactor involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that mildronate, an inhibitor of l-carnitine transport, improves neurological outcome after ischaemic damage of brain tissues. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mitochondria targeted neuroprotective action of mildronate in the model of anoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury. Wistar rats were treated daily with mildronate (per os; 100mg/kg) for 14 days. The acyl-carnitine profile was determined in the brain tissues. Mitochondrial respiration and the activities of carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes were measured. To assess tolerance to ischaemia, isolated mitochondria were subjected to anoxia followed by reoxygenation. The mildronate treatment significantly reduced the concentrations of free l-carnitine (FC) and short-chain acyl-carnitine (AC) in brain tissue by 40-76%, without affecting the AC:FC ratio. The activities of CrAT and TCA cycle enzymes were slightly increased after mildronate treatment. Despite partially induced uncoupling, mildronate treatment did not affect mitochondrial bioenergetics function under normoxic conditions. After exposure to anoxia-reoxygenation, state 3 respiration and the respiration control ratio were higher in the mildronate-treated group. The results obtained demonstrate that mildronate treatment improves tolerance against anoxia-reoxygenation due to an uncoupling preconditioning-like effect. Regulating l-carnitine availability provides a potential novel target for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Makrecka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Sarlotes St. 1a, Riga, LV-1001, Latvia
| | - Kristine Volska
- Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Janis Liepins
- University of Latvia, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
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20
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Cunha-Oliveira T, Silva L, Silva AM, Moreno AJ, Oliveira CR, Santos MS. Acute effects of cocaine, morphine and their combination on bioenergetic function and susceptibility to oxidative stress of rat liver mitochondria. Life Sci 2013; 92:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Liu DS, Zhou YH, Liang ES, Li W, Lin WW, Chen FF, Gao W. Neuroprotective effects of the Chinese Yi-Qi-Bu-Shen recipe extract on injury of rat hippocampal neurons induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:168-174. [PMID: 23127652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effects of the Chinese Yi-Qi-Bu-Shen recipe (YB) against neuronal injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, which has shown beneficial effect in improving the brain function of type 2 diabetics likely through its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant activity, and investigate its mechanisms. METHODS The bilateral hippocampus was collected from newborn rats to establish single cell suspension. On the 10th day, the primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into five groups: the normal group (NG), the hypoxia/reoxygenation group (HG), and groups protected with small, medium and large dosages of YB (SG, MG and LG, respectively). The YB-protected groups were treated with different concentrations of YB containing serum before reoxygenation. The metabolic rate of MTT, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured with assay kits. The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were tested using flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expressions of bcl-2 and bax genes. RESULTS The SOD activity, the cell survival rate, the bcl-2/bax ratio, and the bcl-2mRNA expression in the HG group were significantly lower (all P<0.01), but the levels of MDA and LDH, the apoptosis rate, and the bax mRNA expression were higher (all P<0.01) than those in the NG group. The SOD activity, the cell survival, the bcl-2mRNA expression, and the bcl-2/bax ratio were significantly higher in all of the YB-protected groups (all P<0.01), but the level of MDA and LDH, the apoptosis rate, and the bax mRNA expression were lower (P<0.01, P<0.05) than those in the HG group in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION The YB extract has a protective effect on hippocampal neurons against injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, through its antioxidant activity and the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-shan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Rőszer T, Bánfalvi G. FMRFamide-related peptides: anti-opiate transmitters acting in apoptosis. Peptides 2012; 34:177-85. [PMID: 21524675 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Members of the FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP) family are neurotransmitters, hormone-like substances and tumor suppressor peptides. In mammals, FaRPs are considered as anti-opiate peptides due to their ability to inhibit opioid signaling. Some FaRPs are asserted to attenuate opiate tolerance. A recently developed chimeric FaRP (Met-enkephalin-FMRFa) mimics the analgesic effects of opiates without the development of opiate-dependence, displaying a future therapeutical potential in pain reduction. In this review we support the notion, that opiates and representative members of the FaRP family show overlapping effects on apoptosis. Binding of FaRPs to opioid receptors or to their own receptors (G-protein linked membrane receptors and acid-sensing ion channels) evokes or suppresses cell death, in a cell- and receptor-type manner. With the dramatically increasing incidence of opiate abuse and addiction, understanding of opioid-induced cell death, and in this context FaRPs will deserve growing attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Rőszer
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Dubiley TA, Rushkevich YE, Koshel NM, Voitenko VP, Vaiserman AM. Life span extension in Drosophila melanogaster induced by morphine. Biogerontology 2011; 12:179-84. [PMID: 21061062 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of morphine on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies has been investigated. Morphine hydrochloride (MH) at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/ml was added to a medium starting from day 5 or 54 of imaginal life. Supplementation with MH starting from day 5 of imaginal life has resulted in significant increases in the mean life span of males at all concentrations studied. In females, a significant increase in life span compared with control was obtained only for those treated with 0.25 mg/ml MH. In flies with MH feeding from day 54, residual life span was significantly increased in both males and females after treatment with 0.05 mg/ml MH. The present data, together with those of our earlier study in mice (Dubiley et al. Probl Aging Longvity 9:331–332, 2000) suggest that morphine supplementation can result in life extension in both vertebrate and invertebrate animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Dubiley
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Institute of Gerontology, Kiev, Ukraine
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Liu J, Wei S, Tian L, Yan L, Guo Q, Ma X. Effects of endomorphins on human umbilical vein endothelial cells under high glucose. Peptides 2011; 32:86-92. [PMID: 20970471 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endomorphin-1 (EM1) and endomorphin-2 (EM2) are endogenous opioid peptides, which modulate extensive bioactivities such as pain, cardiovascular responses, immunological responses and so on. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of EM1/EM2 on the primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damaged by high glucose. PI AnnexinV-FITC detection was performed to evaluate the apoptosis rate. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were measured by the Griess reaction and the conversion of 3H-arginine to 3H-citrulline, respectively. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT viability assay. mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and ET-1 were measured by real-time PCR. Our data showed that EM1/EM2 inhibited cell apoptosis. The high glucose induced increase in expression of NO, NOS and ET-1 were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with EM1/EM2 in a dose dependent manner. In addition, EM1/EM2 suppressed the mRNA eNOS and mRNA ET-1 expression in HUVECs under high glucose conditions. Naloxone, the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, did not influence the mRNA eNOS expression when it was administrated on its own; but it could significantly antagonize the effects induced by EM1/EM2. Furthermore, in all assay systems, EM1 was more potent than EM2. The results suggest that EM1/EM2 have a beneficial effect in protecting against the endothelial dysfunction by high glucose in vitro, and these effects were mediated by the opioid receptors in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the People's Hospital of Gansu Province, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Effect of moxibustion on expression of HSP70 and apoptosisrelated factors in rats with acute gastric mucosal damage. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-010-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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27
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Gong P, Chen FX, Zhao Q, Ma GF, Wang R. The oxidation metabolites of endomorphin 1 and its fragments induced by free radicals. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:337-44. [PMID: 19206076 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (EM1), an endogenous micro-opioid receptor agonist, acts as a free radical scavenger in vitro and an antioxidant in vivo. The modification of EM1 by ROS and the properties of the OM attracted our attention. In vitro assays were performed via RP-HPLC, spectrophotometric measurements, EPR and amino acid analysis, Schmorl's reaction to define the formation of melanin-like compounds transformed from EM1, collectively named EM1-melanin and by solubility assay, radioligand-binding assay, NADH oxidation, superoxide anion scavenging assay to study some physical and chemical properties of EM1-melanin. Possible pathways of the formation of EM1-melanin were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Jaferi A, Lane DA, Pickel VM. Subcellular plasticity of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor in dendrites of the mouse bed nucleus of the stria terminalis following chronic opiate exposure. Neuroscience 2009; 163:143-54. [PMID: 19539724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opiate administration alters the expression levels of the stress-responsive peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). This brain region contains CRF receptors that drive drug-seeking behavior exacerbated by stress. We used electron microscopy to quantitatively compare immunolabeling of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFr) and CRF in the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTal) of mice injected with saline or morphine in escalating doses for 14 days. We also compared the results with those in non-injected control mice. The tissue was processed for CRFr immunogold and CRF immunoperoxidase labeling. The non-injected controls had a significantly lower plasmalemmal density of CRFr immunogold particles in dendrites compared with mice receiving saline, but not those receiving morphine, injections. Compared with saline, however, mice receiving chronic morphine showed a significantly lower plasmalemmal, and greater cytoplasmic, density of CRFr immunogold in dendrites. Within the cytoplasmic compartment of somata and dendrites of the BSTal, the proportion of CRFr gold particles associated with mitochondria was three times as great in mice receiving morphine compared with saline. This subcellular distribution is consistent with morphine,- and CRFr-associated modulation of intracellular calcium release or oxidative stress. The between-group changes occurred without effect on the total number of dendritic CRFr immunogold particles, suggesting that chronic morphine enhances internalization or decreases delivery of the CRFr to the plasma membrane, a trafficking effect that is also affected by the stress of daily injections. In contrast, saline and morphine treatment groups showed no significant differences in the total number of CRF-immunoreactive axon terminals, or the frequency with which these terminals contacted CRFr-containing dendrites. This suggests that morphine does not influence axonal availability of CRF in the BSTal. The results have important implications for drug-associated adaptations in brain stress systems that may contribute to the motivation to continue drug use during dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jaferi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Gong P, Chen FX, Ma GF, Feng Y, Zhao Q, Wang R. Endomorphin 1 effectively protects cadmium chloride-induced hepatic damage in mice. Toxicology 2008; 251:35-44. [PMID: 18703112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative capacity of endomorphin 1 (EM1), an endogenous mu-opioid receptor agonist, has been demonstrated by in vivo assays. The present study reports the effect of EM1 on hepatic damage induced by cadmium chloride (Cd(II)) in adult male mouse. Mouse were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) a single dose of Cd(II) (1mg/kg body weight per day) and the animals were co-administrated with a dose of EM1 (50 microM/kg body weight per day) for 6 days. Since hepatic damage induced by Cd(II) is related to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. The parameter indicating tissue damage such as liver histopathology was also determined. In addition, the concentrations of Cd and zinc (Zn) in the liver were analyzed. The intoxication of Cd(II) lead to the enhanced production of LPO and PCO, treatment with EM1 can effectively ameliorate the increase of LPO and PCO compared to the Cd(II) group. The increased activities of CAT, SOD and the elevated GSH induced by Cd(II) may relate to an adaptive-response to the oxidative damage, the effect of EM1 can restore the elevated antioxidant defense. Our results suggested that the structure features and the ability of chelating metal of EM1 may play a major role in the antioxidant effect of EM1 in vivo and opioid receptors may be involved in the protection of hepatic damage induced by Cd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinied Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Gastrointestinal bacterial translocation after fiberoptic bronchoscopy: fact or fiction? Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2680-1. [PMID: 18728478 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181833dea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yi SX, Yu J, Chang XR, Wu JY, Li ZH, Tang S, Zhou GX, Wang XS. Effect of moxibustion-induced up-regulation of HSP70 expression on mitochondrial signal transduction pathway during gastric mucosal cell apoptosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:2689-2694. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i24.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the mechanism of pre-moxibustion inhibiting cell apoptosis and protecting gastric mucosal damage.
METHODS: Thirty-two healthy rats were randomly and averagely assigned into 4 groups, namely control group (group A), model group (group B), moxibustion groups (group C and D, pre-moxibustion at acupoints and non-acupoints respectively for 8 d). The models of acute gastric mucosal damage were established by gastric injection of absolute ethyl alcohol in all the rats except those in group A. Western blot was used to detect the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) while immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), apoptosis protease activator protein-1 (Apaf-1), Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 as well as cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa.
RESULTS: As compared with those in group A, the expression of HSP70, cell apoptosis index (AI), Cyt-C in cytoplasm, Apaf-1, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 contents were significantly increased in group B (2.93 ± 0.29 vs 2.51 ± 0.22; 3.52 ± 0.77 vs 2.25 ± 0.53; 1.63 ± 0.36 vs 0.75 ± 0.23; 4.32 ± 0.67 vs 3.44 ± 0.86; 4.05 ± 1.01 vs 3.76 ± 0.82; 3.55 ± 0.86 vs 2.35 ± 0.71; P < 0.01 or 0.05). In comparison with those in group B, the expression of HSP70 (3.93 ± 0.36) was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but the AI (1.53 ± 0.45), Cyt-C in cytoplasm (0.97 ± 0.26), Apaf-1 (2.24 ± 0.49), Caspase-9 (2.43 ± 0.73), and Caspase-3 (1.97 ± 0.61) contents were significantly decreased in group C (all P < 0.01). In compared with those in group C, the expression of HSP70 (3.35 ± 0.34) was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), but the AI (3.06 ± 0.81), Cyt-C in cytoplasm (1.45 ± 0.29), Apaf-1 (3.16 ± 0.66), Caspase-9 (3.33 ± 0.76), and Caspase-3 (2.98 ± 0.86) contents were significantly increased in group D (P < 0.01 or 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Moxibustion may up-regulate the expression of HSP70 in gastric mucosa, and then act on the targets associated with mitochondrial signal transduction pathway to inhibit gastric mucosal cell apoptosis and protect gastric mucosa. And this protective effect is acupoint-specific to some extent.
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