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Ito S, Yagi R, Ogata S, Masuda T, Saito T, Saido T, Ohtsuki S. Proteomic alterations in the brain and blood-brain barrier during brain Aβ accumulation in an APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 37705104 PMCID: PMC10500766 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is supposed to be an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BBB alterations and AD progression in terms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the brains of humanized amyloid precursor protein knock-in (APP-KI) mice. METHODS Brain Aβ accumulation was examined using immunohistochemical analysis. Alterations in differentially expressed proteins were determined using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectroscopy (SWATH-MS)-based quantitative proteomics, and Metascape, STRING, Gene Ontology, and KEGG were used for network analyses of altered biological pathways and processes. Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test and Welch's t-test for two groups and one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test for more than two groups. Correlations between two groups were determined using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Brain Aβ accumulation in APP-KI mice was detectable at 2 months, increased significantly at 5 months, and remained elevated at 12 months of age. The levels of differentially expressed proteins in isolated brain capillaries were higher in younger mice, whereas those in the brain were higher in older mice. Network analyses indicated changes in basement membrane-associated and ribosomal proteins in the brain capillaries. There were no significant changes in key proteins involved in drug or Aβ transport at the BBB. In contrast, solute carrier transporter levels in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons were altered in the brain of older mice. Moreover, the levels of the lipid transporters Apoe and Apoj were upregulated in both the brain and isolated brain capillaries after Aβ accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that changes in the brain occurred after advanced Aβ accumulation, whereas initial Aβ accumulation was sufficient to cause alterations in the BBB. These findings may help elucidate the role of BBB alterations in AD progression and predict the distribution of drugs across the BBB in the brain of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Yagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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Li X, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Zhou J. Glial and Vascular Cell Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:222-238. [PMID: 35299293 PMCID: PMC8987684 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a structural barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the brain parenchyma and blood, and modulates communication between the brain and blood microenvironment to maintain homeostasis. The BBB is composed of endothelial cells, basement membrane, pericytes, and astrocytic end feet. BBB impairment is a distinguishing and pathogenic factor in diabetic encephalopathy. Diabetes causes leakage of the BBB through downregulation of tight junction proteins, resulting in impaired functioning of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, nerve/glial antigen 2-glia, and oligodendrocytes. However, the temporal regulation, mechanisms of molecular and signaling pathways, and consequences of BBB impairment in diabetes are not well understood. Consequently, the efficacy of therapies diabetes targeting BBB leakage still lags behind the requirements. This review summarizes the recent research on the effects of diabetes on BBB composition and the potential roles of glial and vascular cells as therapeutic targets for BBB disruption in diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Blood-Brain Barrier Transporters: Opportunities for Therapeutic Development in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031898. [PMID: 35163820 PMCID: PMC8836701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Over the past decades, several efforts have attempted to discover new drugs or repurpose existing therapeutics to promote post-stroke neurological recovery. Preclinical stroke studies have reported successes in identifying novel neuroprotective agents; however, none of these compounds have advanced beyond a phase III clinical trial. One reason for these failures is the lack of consideration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms that can enable these drugs to achieve efficacious concentrations in ischemic brain tissue. Despite the knowledge that drugs with neuroprotective properties (i.e., statins, memantine, metformin) are substrates for endogenous BBB transporters, preclinical stroke research has not extensively studied the role of transporters in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. Here, we review current knowledge on specific BBB uptake transporters (i.e., organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs in humans; Oatps in rodents); organic cation transporters (OCTs in humans; Octs in rodents) that can be targeted for improved neuroprotective drug delivery. Additionally, we provide state-of-the-art perspectives on how transporter pharmacology can be integrated into preclinical stroke research. Specifically, we discuss the utility of in vivo stroke models to transporter studies and considerations (i.e., species selection, co-morbid conditions) that will optimize the translational success of stroke pharmacotherapeutic experiments.
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Ogonowski N, Rukavina Mikusic NL, Kouyoumdzian NM, Choi MR, Fellet A, Balaszczuk AM, Celuch SM. Cardiotoxic Effects of the Antineoplastic Doxorubicin in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome: Oxidative Stress and Transporter Expression in the Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:784-791. [PMID: 34524257 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to examine whether metabolic syndrome-like conditions in rats with fructose (F) overload modify the cardiotoxic effects induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and whether the treatment altered the expression of P-gp, breast cancer resistance protein, and organic cation/carnitine transporters in the heart. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tap water (control group [C]; n = 16) or water with F 10% wt/vol (n = 16) during 8 weeks. Three days before being killed, the animals received a single dose of DOX (6 mg/kg, ip, md) (C-DOX and F-DOX groups) or vehicle (VEH; ISS 1 mL/kg BW; ip) (C-VEH and F-VEH groups) (n = 8 per group). F overload enhanced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in the left ventricle, and DOX injection further increased those values. DOX did not alter thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance production in C animals. DOX caused a decrease of 30% in the ejection fraction and a nearly 40% reduction in the fractional shortening in F animals, but not in C rats. Cardiac tissue levels of P-gp decreased by about 30% in F rats compared with the C groups. DOX did not modify cardiac P-gp expression. Breast cancer resistance protein and organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTN 1/2/3) protein levels did not change with either F or DOX. It is suggested that DOX could cause greater cardiotoxicity in rats receiving F, probably due to enhanced cardiac lipid peroxidation and lower expression of cardiac P-gp. These results support the hypothesis that the cardiotoxicity of DOX could be increased under metabolic syndrome-like conditions or in other health disorders that involve cardiovascular risk factors.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
- Cardiotoxicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxorubicin
- Heart Diseases/chemically induced
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/complications
- Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ogonowski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Martín Kouyoumdzian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Andrea Fellet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Balaszczuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella Maris Celuch
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhou H, He Y, Zheng Z, Xing J, Liu Z, Pi Z, Liu S. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of 18 bioactive components in healthy and chronic heart failure rats after oral administration of Qi-Shen-Ke-Li formula using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9060. [PMID: 33527517 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Qi-Shen-Ke-Li (QSKL) is a traditional Chinese formula used in clinical practice to treat chronic heart failure (CHF) in humans. To rationalize the use of this formula in clinical practice, the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats after oral administration of QSKL were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TQ-MS). METHODS The CHF model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO; also known as isoproterenol) and evaluated by HE staining and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement. The UHPLC/TQ-MS method was then applied to determine the concentrations of 18 bioactive components in rat plasma and tissues of heathy and CHF rats after oral administration of QSKL. This was followed by investigating the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of these bioactive compounds in the heathy and CHF rats. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics results showed that the duration time of two compounds was prolonged, the absorption rate of four compounds was accelerated, and the bioavailability of four compounds was increased in the CHF rats compared with the healthy rats. Meanwhile, the tissue distribution results showed that the QSKL formula could be distributed rapidly and widely in different rat tissues. The bioavailability of eight compounds in the liver was enhanced in CHF rats. This suggested that the drug/toxic effects should be considered in clinical practice, as drug-drug interactions might occur in liver metabolism during the drug combination. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of 18 bioactive compounds in QSKL are altered by the CHF status. This study provides insight for better clinical applications of this formula in the future and lays the foundation for the development of a new drug for chronic heart failure based on the QSKL formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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Banks WA. The Blood-Brain Barrier Interface in Diabetes Mellitus: Dysfunctions, Mechanisms and Approaches to Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1438-1447. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200325110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Among its effects are an increase in the risk of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. DM is characterized by high blood glucose levels that are caused by either lack of insulin (Type I) or resistance to the actions of insulin (Type II). The phenotypes of these two types are dramatically different, with Type I animals being thin, with low levels of leptin as well as insulin, whereas Type II animals are often obese with high levels of both leptin and insulin. The best characterized change in BBB dysfunction is that of disruption. The brain regions that are disrupted, however, vary between Type I vs Type II DM, suggesting that factors other than hyperglycemia, perhaps hormonal factors such as leptin and insulin, play a regionally diverse role in BBB vulnerability or protection. Some BBB transporters are also altered in DM, including P-glycoprotein, lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, and the insulin transporter as other functions of the BBB, such as brain endothelial cell (BEC) expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and immune cell trafficking. Pericyte loss secondary to the increased oxidative stress of processing excess glucose through the Krebs cycle is one mechanism that has shown to result in BBB disruption. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by advanced glycation endproducts can increase the production of matrix metalloproteinases, which in turn affects tight junction proteins, providing another mechanism for BBB disruption as well as effects on P-glycoprotein. Through the enhanced expression of the redox-related mitochondrial transporter ABCB10, redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) inhibits BEC-monocyte adhesion. Several potential therapies, in addition to those of restoring euglycemia, can prevent some aspects of BBB dysfunction. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition decreases glucose metabolism and so reduces oxidative stress, preserving pericytes and blocking or reversing BBB disruption. Statins or N-acetylcysteine can reverse the BBB opening in some models of DM, fibroblast growth factor-21 improves BBB permeability through an Nrf2-dependent pathway, and nifedipine or VEGF improves memory in DM models. In summary, DM alters various aspects of BBB function through a number of mechanisms. A variety of treatments based on those mechanisms, as well as restoration of euglycemia, may be able to restore BBB functions., including reversal of BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
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Wu KC, Lin CJ. The regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters by inflammation: Evidences in inflammatory diseases and age-related disorders. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:48-59. [PMID: 30648594 PMCID: PMC9298621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and membrane transporters play important roles in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes that determine the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Inflammation has been shown to regulate the expression and function of these drug-processing proteins. Given that inflammation is a common feature of many diseases, in this review, the general mechanisms for inflammation-mediated regulation of DMEs and transporters are described. Also, evidences regarding the aberrant expression of these drug-processing proteins in several inflammatory diseases and age-related disorders are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhang XJ, Liu S, Xing JP, Liu ZQ, Song FR. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on flavonoid pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:418-427. [PMID: 30047463 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellaria is widely applied to the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. Its main bioactive constituents contain baicalin, wogonoside, oroxyloside, and their aglycones. To investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on both pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these flavonoid compounds, the six flavonoids in plasma and tissues from the normal and type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract were simultaneously measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The results showed that baicalin, wogonoside, and oroxyloside had higher Cmax and AUC values (P < 0.05) in type 2 diabetic rats than that in normal rats and the tissue-distribution behaviors of the six flavonoid compounds in hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys, brains, pancreas, fat and muscle of the type 2 diabetic rats showed obviously differences from the normal rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the differences in the pharmacokinetics of oroxyloside and tissue distribution of the six flavanoids in Radix Scutellaria extract between diabetic and normal rats were found for the first time. The results from the present study provided a crucial basis for a better understanding of in vivo anti-diabetic mechanism of action of the six flavonoids from Radix Scutellaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ju Zhang
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun-Peng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Feng-Rui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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Chen F, Li DY, Zhang B, Sun JY, Sun F, Ji X, Qiu JC, Parker RB, Laizure SC, Xu J. Alterations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters under diabetic conditions: what is the potential clinical significance? Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:369-397. [PMID: 30221555 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1497645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - De-Yi Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Dorsemans AC, Couret D, Hoarau A, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Diotel N. Diabetes, adult neurogenesis and brain remodeling: New insights from rodent and zebrafish models. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1281862. [PMID: 28439518 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1281862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes rapidly increased during the last decades in association with important changes in lifestyle. Diabetes and hyperglycemia are well-known for inducing deleterious effects on physiologic processes, increasing for instance cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy and foot ulceration. Interestingly, diabetes also impairs brain morphology and functions such as (1) decreased neurogenesis (proliferation, differentiation and cell survival), (2) decreased brain volumes, (3) increased blood-brain barrier leakage, (4) increased cognitive impairments, as well as (5) increased stroke incidence and worse neurologic outcomes following stroke. Importantly, diabetes is positively associated with a higher risk to develop Alzheimer disease. In this context, we aim at reviewing the impact of diabetes on neural stem cell proliferation, newborn cell differentiation and survival in a homeostatic context or following stroke. We also report the effects of hyper- and hypoglycemia on the blood-brain barrier physiology through modifications of tight junctions and transporters. Finally, we discuss the implication of diabetes on cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Dorsemans
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Anaïs Hoarau
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
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Kao YH, Chern Y, Yang HT, Chen HM, Lin CJ. Regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in brain capillaries in Huntington's disease and its impact on brain availability of antipsychotic agents risperidone and paliperidone. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1412-23. [PMID: 26661162 PMCID: PMC4976744 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15606459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract on the huntingtin (HTT) protein that may cause transcriptional dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the regulation and function of P-glycoprotein, an important efflux transporter, in brain capillaries in HD. The results showed that, compared with the littermate controls, R6/2 HD transgenic mice with the human mutant HTT gene had higher levels of P-glycoprotein mRNA and protein and enhanced NF-κB activity in their brain capillaries. Higher P-glycoprotein expression was also observed in the brain capillaries of human HD patients. Consistent with this enhanced P-glycoprotein expression, brain extracellular levels and brain-to-plasma ratios of the antipsychotic agents risperidone and paliperidone were significantly lower in R6/2 mice than in their littermate controls. Exogenous expression of human mutant HTT protein with expanded polyQ (mHTT-109Q) in HEK293T cells enhanced the levels of P-glycoprotein transcripts and NF-κB activity compared with cells expressing normal HTT-25Q. Treatment with the IKK inhibitor, BMS-345541, decreased P-glycoprotein mRNA level in cells transfected with mHTT-109Q or normal HTT-25Q In conclusion, mutant HTT altered the expression of P-glycoprotein through the NF-κB pathway in brain capillaries in HD and markedly affected the availability of P-glycoprotein substrates in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Kao
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) possesses an outstanding ability to protect the brain against xenobiotics and potentially poisonous metabolites. Owing to this, ATP binding cassette (ABC) export proteins have garnered significant interest in the research community. These transport proteins are predominantly localized to the luminal membrane of brain microvessels, where they recognize a wide range of different substrates and transport them back into the blood circulation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent findings on these transport proteins, including their expression in the endothelial cell membrane and their substrate recognition. Signaling cascades underlying the expression and function of these proteins will be discussed as well as their role in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and brain tumors. EXPERT OPINION ABC transporters represent an integral part of the human transportome and are of particular interest at the blood-brain barrier they as they significantly contribute to brain homeostasis. In addition, they appear to be involved in myriad CNS diseases. Therefore studying their mechanisms of action as well as their signaling cascades and responses to internal and external stimuli will help us understand the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mahringer
- a Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Ruprecht-Karls University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- a Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Ruprecht-Karls University , Heidelberg , Germany
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Dash RP, Ellendula B, Agarwal M, Nivsarkar M. Increased intestinal P-glycoprotein expression and activity with progression of diabetes and its modulation by epigallocatechin-3-gallate: Evidence from pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:67-76. [PMID: 26460146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the expression and the activity of intestinal P-glycoprotein (efflux transporter) with progression of diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using a combination of low dose streptozotocin along with high fat diet. The expression of intestinal P-glycoprotein significantly increased (P≤0.05) with the progression of diabetes which was inferred from the mRNA analysis of mdr1a and mdr1b genes in the ileum segment of rat intestine. Furthermore, a significant increase (P≤0.05) in Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activity was observed in the ileum segment of rat intestine with the progression of diabetes. As a result of this, a significant decrease in the intestinal uptake and peroral bioavailability of the P-glycoprotein substrates (verapamil and atorvastatin) was observed along with the progression of diabetes as compared to normal animals. To address this problem of impaired drug uptake and bioavailability, a reported P-glycoprotein inhibitor, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, was experimentally evaluated. The treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate resulted in significant reduction in the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein and subsequent improvement in the intestinal uptake and peroral bioavailability of both verapamil and atorvastatin in normal as well as in diabetic animals. The findings of this study rationalised the use and established the mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate to overcome P-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux and will also be helpful in therapeutic drug monitoring in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Prasad Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhanuchander Ellendula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, C/O-B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Milee Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Nivsarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India.
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Decreased expression of organic cation transporters, Oct1 and Oct2, in brain microvessels and its implication to MPTP-induced dopaminergic toxicity in aged mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:37-47. [PMID: 25248837 PMCID: PMC4294392 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the influence of age on the expression of organic cation transporters (OCTs) that belong to the SLC22 family in brain microvessels (BMVs) and its implications for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic toxicity in mice. Here, we showed that Oct1 and Oct2, but not Oct3, mRNAs were detected and enriched (compared with cerebral cortex) in BMVs of C57BL/6 (B6) mice using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence analysis further revealed that Oct1 and Oct2 proteins were colocalized with endothelial markers. Both the mRNA and protein levels of Oct1 and Oct2 were reduced in aged mice. After an intraperitoneal administration of MPTP, brain extracellular levels of MPTP and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) were much lower in aged mice and in Oct1/2(-/-) mice compared with younger mice and wild-type control mice, respectively. Knockout of Oct1/Oct2 protected Oct1/2(-/-) mice from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, whereas the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons was slightly greater in aged than in younger mice. However, intrastriatal infusion of low-dose MPTP caused more severe dopaminergic toxicity in the substantia nigra of both aged mice and Oct1/2(-/-) mice. These findings show that age-dependent downregulation or knockout of Oct1/Oct2 in BMVs may reduce the transport of MPTP, which, in part, affects its dopaminergic toxicity.
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15
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Liu L, Liu XD. Alterations in function and expression of ABC transporters at blood-brain barrier under diabetes and the clinical significances. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:273. [PMID: 25540622 PMCID: PMC4261906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a systematic metabolic disease, which often develops a number of well-recognized vascular complications including brain complications which may partly result from the dysfunction of blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB is generally considered as a mechanism for protecting the brain from unwanted actions resulting from substances in the blood and maintaining brain homeostasis via monitoring the entry or efflux of compounds. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-GP) and breast cancer-related protein (BCRP), widely expressed in the luminal membrane of the microvessel endothelium and in the apical membrane of the choroids plexus epithelium, play important roles in the function of BBB. However, these transporters are easily altered by some diseases. The present article was focused on the alteration in expression and function of both P-GP and BCRP at BBB by diabetes and the clinical significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
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16
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He MY, Deng YX, Shi QZ, Zhang XJ, Lv Y. Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Jiedu decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:334-342. [PMID: 24910405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) is used traditionally in China for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice, which has been proved to be effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics (especially the area under the curve, AUC) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract and to explore its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS HLJDD extract and Radix scutellariae extract were prepared and the contents of baicalin and wogonoside contained in two extracts were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Pharmacokinetics of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal control rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract or Radix scutellariae extract were investigated. Pharmacokinetics of baicalin in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of pure baicalin was also investigated. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters (especially AUCs) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract were remarkably different from those in normal rats. And the alterations of the AUCs of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract were similar to those after oral administration of HLJDD extract. Moreover, the increase of the AUC of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of pure baicalin was similar to that after oral administration of HLJDD extract or Radix scutellariae extract. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic behaviors of baicalin and wogonoside (especially the systemic exposure [AUCs] of baicalin and wogonoside) were significantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated HLJDD extract. And the increased AUCs of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract resulted from neither the effects of other herbs contained in HLJDD nor the effects of other components contained in Radix scutellariae. It might result from the effects of the pathological status of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuan-Xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Qun-Zhi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
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17
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Cressman AM, Petrovic V, Piquette-Miller M. Inflammation-mediated changes in drug transporter expression/activity: implications for therapeutic drug response. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 5:69-89. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Chan GNY, Saldivia V, Yang Y, Pang H, de Lannoy I, Bendayan R. In vivo induction of P-glycoprotein expression at the mouse blood-brain barrier: an intracerebral microdialysis study. J Neurochem 2013; 127:342-52. [PMID: 23777437 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral microdialysis was utilized to investigate the effect of P-glycoprotein (a drug efflux transporter) induction at the mouse blood-brain barrier (BBB) on brain extracellular fluid concentrations of quinidine, an established substrate of P-glycoprotein. Induction was achieved by treating male CD-1 mice for 3 days with 5 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (DEX), a ligand of the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor, and a P-glycoprotein inducer. Tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method was used to quantify analytes in dialysate, blood and plasma. P-glycoprotein, pregnane X receptor and Cyp3a11 (metabolizing enzyme for quinidine) protein expression in capillaries and brain homogenates was measured by immunoblot analysis. Following quinidine i.v. administration, the average ratio of unbound quinidine concentrations in brain extracellular fluid (determined from dialysate samples) to plasma at steady state (375-495 min) or Kp, uu, ECF /Plasma in the DEX-treated animals was 2.5-fold lower compared with vehicle-treated animals. In DEX-treated animals, P-glycoprotein expression in brain capillaries was 1.5-fold higher compared with vehicle-treated animals while Cyp3a11 expression in brain capillaries was not significantly different between the two groups. These data demonstrate that P-gp induction mediated by DEX at the BBB can significantly reduce quinidine brain extracellular fluid concentrations by decreasing its brain permeability and further suggest that drug-drug interactions as a result of P-gp induction at the BBB are possible. Applying microdialysis, distribution of quinidine, a P-gp substrate, in mouse brain extracellular fluid (ECF) was investigated following ligand-mediated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) induction at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We demonstrated that a PXR agonist (dexamethasone) significantly up-regulated P-gp in brain capillaries and reduced quinidine brain ECF concentrations. Our data suggest that drug-drug interactions as a result of P-gp induction at the BBB are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N Y Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in normal and the type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of the Radix scutellariae extract. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1435-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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McCaffrey G, Davis TP. Physiology and pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier: P-glycoprotein and occludin trafficking as therapeutic targets to optimize central nervous system drug delivery. J Investig Med 2012; 60:1131-40. [PMID: 23138008 PMCID: PMC3851303 DOI: 10.2310/jim.0b013e318276de79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and metabolic barrier that separates the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation. Central nervous system drug delivery across the BBB is challenging, primarily because of the physical restriction of paracellular diffusion between the endothelial cells that comprise the microvessels of the BBB and the activity of efflux transporters that quickly expel back into the capillary lumen a wide variety of xenobiotics. Therapeutic manipulation of protein trafficking is emerging as a novel means of modulating protein function, and in this minireview, the targeting of the trafficking of 2 key BBB proteins, P-glycoprotein and occludin, is presented as a novel, reversible means of optimizing central nervous system drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen McCaffrey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA.
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21
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Hyperglycemia induced down-regulation of renal P-glycoprotein expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y, Li C, Sun X, Kuang X, Ruan X. High glucose decreases expression and activity of p-glycoprotein in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium possibly through iNOS induction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31631. [PMID: 22363694 PMCID: PMC3281955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of p-glycoprotein under hyperglycemic conditions has been reported in various barrier tissues including blood-brain barrier, intestine, and kidney, and has been linked to significant clinical complications. However, whether this is also true for the outer blood-retinal barrier constituted by retinal pigment epithelium, or has a role in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is not yet clear. In this study, using cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cell line D407, we found that high glucose exposure induced a significant decrease in p-glycoprotein expression both at mRNA and at protein levels, accompanied by an attenuated p-glycoprotein activity determined by intracellular rhodamine 123 retention. In marked contrast, the expressions of both mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitrate oxide synthase (iNOS) increased, and were accompanied by increased extracellular nitrate/nitrite production by Griess reaction. In addition, mRNA levels of nuclear receptors revealed a decreased expression of pregnane X receptor after the exposure of high glucose. However, the subsequent alterations in production of nitrate/nitrite, functional expression of p-glycoprotein, and mRNA levels of pregnane X receptor were partially blocked when pretreated with S,S′-1,3-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis-isothiourea•2HBr (PBITU), a selective iNOS inhibitor. Moreover, the effects of PBITU were antagonized with the addition of L-arginine, a substrate for NO synthesis. Our in vitro results suggest for the first time that iNOS induction plays a novel role in decreased p-glycoprotein expression and transport function at the human outer blood-retinal barrier under hyperglycemic conditions and further support the concept of inhibiting iNOS pathway as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Humans
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Pregnane X Receptor
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effects
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, and Anesthesiology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xielan Kuang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Ruan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, and Anesthesiology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Nawa A, Fujita-Hamabe W, Tokuyama S. Altered intestinal P-glycoprotein expression levels in a monosodium glutamate-induced obese mouse model. Life Sci 2011; 89:834-8. [PMID: 21983297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important drug efflux transporter located in many tissues such as the blood-brain barrier, intestines, liver and kidneys. We have previously reported that ileal P-gp expression levels decrease via a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated pathway in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Herein, our objective was to assess whether there are differences in the expression of intestinal P-gp in an obesity-induced hyperglycemic mouse model versus the type 1 diabetic mouse model. MAIN METHODS The hyperglycemia-accompanied obese mouse model was developed through an injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG). We analyzed intestinal P-gp expression using Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Body weight, body mass index, blood glucose levels and serum insulin levels increased significantly with age in the MSG-treated mice. Furthermore, in 24week-old MSG-treated mice, while intestinal P-gp expression levels were tended to increase P-gp expression in the duodenum, it was only significant in the jejunum, but not in the ileum. Additionally, the hyperglycemia-accompanied increase in intestinal NOS activity of STZ-treated mice was not evident in the MSG-treated mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that P-gp expression levels in the upper part of the intestine increase with age in a hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia (i.e. type 2 diabetes) -associated MSG-treated obese mouse model, and that these results completely differ from those found in the STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
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Lin CJ, Tai Y, Huang MT, Tsai YF, Hsu HJ, Tzen KY, Liou HH. Cellular localization of the organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in brain microvessel endothelial cells and its implication for MPTP transport across the blood-brain barrier and MPTP-induced dopaminergic toxicity in rodents. J Neurochem 2010; 114:717-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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