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Huang X, Wen Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhao C. Structural characterization of Euglena gracilis polysaccharide and its in vitro hypoglycemic effects by alleviating insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123984. [PMID: 36906209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is a disorder of the endocrine metabolic system which has emerged as a common chronic disease worldwide. Euglena gracilis polysaccharides have ideal development potential in the treatment of diabetes. However, their structure and bioactivity are largely unclear. A novel purified water-soluble polysaccharide (EGP-2A-2A) from E. gracilis with a molecular weight of 130.8 kDa consisted of xylose, rhamnose, galactose, fucose, glucose, arabinose, and glucosamine hydrochloride. The SEM image for EGP-2A-2A suggested a rough surface with the presence of globule-like protrusions. Methylation and NMR spectral analyses revealed that EGP-2A-2A was mainly composed of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Araf-(1 → 3)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → with complex branching structure. EGP-2A-2A significantly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in IR-HeoG2 cells and modulates glucose metabolism disorders by regulating PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 signaling pathways. EGP-2A-2A significantly suppressed TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, and enhanced that of HDL-c. EGP-2A-2A ameliorated abnormalities caused by disorders of glucose metabolism and the hypoglycemic activity of EGP-2A-2A may be mainly positively related to its high glucose content and the β-configuration in the main chain. These results suggested that EGP-2A-2A played an important role in alleviating disorders of glucose metabolism through insulin resistance and has the potential for development as a novel functional food with nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jeong EW, Dhungana SK, Yang YS, Baek Y, Seo JH, Kang BK, Jung CS, Han SI, Lee HG. Black and Yellow Soybean Consumption Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:6139667. [PMID: 37114142 PMCID: PMC10129420 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6139667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the antiobesity effects of yellow and black soybean, C57BL/6 mice were provided with a normal diet, high-fat diet, HFD-containing yellow soybean powder (YS), and black soybean powder (BS) for six weeks. Compared with the HFD group, both YS and BS decreased body weight by 30.1% and 37.2% and fat in tissue by 33.3% and 55.8%, respectively. Simultaneously, both soybeans significantly reduced the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and regulated the lipogenic mRNA expressions of Pparγ, Acc, and Fas genes in the liver, supporting reduced body adiposity. Furthermore, BS significantly increased Pgc-1α and Ucp1 mRNA expression levels in epididymal adipose tissue, indicating thermogenesis is the key mechanism of BS. Taken together, our findings suggest that both soybeans prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating lipid metabolism, and BS, in particular, has a greater antiobesity potential than YS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Woo Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sun Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Kyu Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Jung
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Yao M, Xu F, Yao Y, Wang H, Ju X, Wang L. Assessment of Novel Oligopeptides from Rapeseed Napin ( Brassica napus) in Protecting HepG2 Cells from Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12418-12429. [PMID: 36129441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptides (Thr-His-Leu-Pro-Lys (THLPK), His-Pro-Leu-Lys (HPLK), Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), His-Leu-Lys (HLK), and Leu-His-Lys (LHK)) are newly identified from rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates with the capability of upregulating glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation. However, whether each of them enhances GLUT4 expression and translocation and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we assess the effects of the oligopeptides against insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and screen out the most antidiabetic one. Specifically, compared with other oligopeptides, LPK not only remarkably elevated glucose consumption to 8.45 mmol/L protein; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 319 U/mg protein; GLUT4 expression and translocation; and phosphorylated level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) (P < 0.05) but also remarkably attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 2255, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to 20.5 U/mg protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 241 nmol/mg protein, and NO content to 1302 μmol/mL protein (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that antidiabetic oligopeptide LPK possessed the most potential to protect HepG2 cells from IR and oxidative stress via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 and regulating common oxidative markers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
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Alleviating Effects of Black Soybean Peptide on Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Lead in PC12 Cells via Keap1/Nrf2/TXNIP Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153102. [PMID: 35956280 PMCID: PMC9370349 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers have found that Pb exposure can cause oxidative stress damage to the body’s tissue. Black soybean peptide (BSP) has a variety of physiological functions, especially in terms of oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mitigation function of BSPs on Pb-induced oxidative stress damage in PC12 cells has not been clearly defined. In this study, cell viability was detected by CCK8. Oxidative stress indicators, such as ROS, GSH/GSSG, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR, were tested with biochemical kit. Protein expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and TXNIP was measured by Western blot. Compared with the control group, Pb reduced the cell viability of PC12 cells. However, BSP treatment significantly increased the viability of PC12 cells induced by lead exposure (p < 0.05). Lead can enrich the contents of MDA and ROS, but decrease the amount of CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, and GSH/GSSG in PC12 cells, while BSP can alleviate it (p < 0.05). Lead can enhance the expression of Keap1 and TXNIP proteins, but reduce Nrf2 expression. In contrast, BSPs reversed this phenomenon (p < 0.05). BSPs can alleviate oxidative stress injury induced by lead in PC12 cells through the Keap1/Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway.
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Kehinde BA, Majid I, Hussain S. Isolation of bioactive peptides and multiple nutraceuticals of antidiabetic and antioxidant functionalities through sprouting: Recent advances. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14317. [PMID: 35867040 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The employment of proteases directly from enzymes or indirectly from microorganisms during fermentation for the purpose of proteolysis of food proteins has been the conventional trend for the derivation of bioactive peptides from food matrices. However, recent studies have shown that inherent protease enzymes can be activated for this activity for vegetable foods using the sprouting process. The benefits of ease of operation, and reduced processing costs are formidable advantages for the optimal consideration of this technique. On another note, the demand for functional foods with therapeutic health effects has increased in recent years. Globally, plant foods are perceived as dietetic choices bearing sufficient quantities of concomitant nutraceuticals. In this manuscript, the sprouting route for the isolation of peptides and glucosinolates, and for the enhancement of total phenolic contents, polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, and other bioactive constituents was explored. Advances regarding the phytochemical transformations in the course of sprouting, the therapeutic functionalities, and microbiological safety concerns of vegetable sprouts are delineated. In addition, consumption of vegetable sprouts has been shown to be more efficient in supplying nutraceutical components relative to their unsprouted counterparts. Biochemical mechanisms involving the inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), single electron transfer, and metal chelation, for impartation of health benefits, have been reported to occur from bioactive components isolated from vegetable sprouts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Sprouting initiates proteolysis of vegetable proteins for the release of bioactive peptides. Abiotic stresses can be used as elicitors during the sprouting process to achieve enhanced phytochemical profiles of sprouts. Sprouting is a relatively more convenient approach to the improvement of the health benefits of vegetable foods. Vegetable sprouts are potential for the management of metabolic syndrome disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bababode Adesegun Kehinde
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ishrat Majid
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Shafat Hussain
- Department of Fisheries, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, India
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Chen X, Zhao H, Meng F, Zhou L, Pang X, Lu Z, Lu Y. Ameliorated effects of a lipopeptide surfactin on insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2455-2469. [PMID: 35844917 PMCID: PMC9281957 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmb50, was used to treat insulin-resistant (IR) hepatocyte. It was found that surfactin increased glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells and ameliorated IR by increasing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mRNA expression, promoting GLUT4 translocation and activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) in IR-HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, surfactin downregulated protein expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), further inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, surfactin played important roles in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibiting proinflammatory mediators. We observed that surfactin promoted glucose consumption, meanwhile increased translocation and protein expression of GLUT4 in Caco-2 cells. These results confirmed the conclusion in hepatic cells. Furthermore, surfactin supplement decreased body weight, food intake, and fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)/high-fat diet (HFD). Our data indicated that surfactin ameliorated insulin resistance and lowered blood glucose in intro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
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Yao M, Yao Y, Qin B, Pan M, Ju X, Xu F, Wang L. Screening and identification of high bioavailable oligopeptides from rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates via Caco-2/HepG2 co-culture model. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Jiang X, Wu J. Structure and activity study of tripeptide IRW in TNF-α induced insulin resistant skeletal muscle cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:4061-4068. [PMID: 35315845 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Egg white protein ovotransferrin derived peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was found to improve tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or angiotensin II induced insulin resistance in L6 cells. Our recent study further showed that this peptide can improve glucose tolerance in high fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice. However, the structural requirements of IRW, especially the significance of each amino acid residue of IRW, is unknown. The study was aimed to investigate the structure and activity relationships of IRW in TNF-α induced insulin resistance L6 cells. The peptides were designed to determine the significance of individual amino acids in IRW using alanine scanning (replacing one amino acid at one time), the order of the peptide sequence and the constituting elements of IRW. Among the tested peptides and amino acids, only IRA and IR showed the same effects as that of IRW: enhanced glucose uptake, improvement in the impaired insulin signaling pathway and increased glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) translocation in TNF-α treated L6 myotubes. This study demonstrated that C-terminal W is not essential to the activity of IRW. Further study is necessary to establish if IR and IRA show similar effects to that of IRW in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Jahandideh F, Bourque SL, Wu J. A comprehensive review on the glucoregulatory properties of food-derived bioactive peptides. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100222. [PMID: 35498998 PMCID: PMC9039931 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, affects millions of people worldwide and is on the rise. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food sources, are rich in bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties. Notable examples include AGFAGDDAPR, a black tea-derived peptide, VRIRLLQRFNKRS, a β-conglycinin-derived peptide, and milk-derived peptide VPP, which have shown antidiabetic effects in diabetic rodent models through variety of pathways including improving beta-cells function, suppression of alpha-cells proliferation, inhibiting food intake, increasing portal cholecystokinin concentration, enhancing insulin signaling and glucose uptake, and ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation. Despite the immense research on glucoregulatory properties of bioactive peptides, incorporation of these bioactive peptides in functional foods or nutraceuticals is widely limited due to the existence of several challenges in the field of peptide research and commercialization. Ongoing research in this field, however, is fundamental to pave the road for this purpose.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- Bioactive peptides
- C/EBP-α, CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha
- CCK, Cholecystokinin
- CCK-1R, CCK type 1 receptor
- DPP-IV, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- Diabetes mellitus
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2
- GIP, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1
- GLUT, Glucose transporter
- Glucose homeostasis
- IRS-1, Insulin receptor substrate-1
- Insulin resistance
- MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma
- Reproductive dysfunction
- TZD, Thiazolidinedione
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine-monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Kumar M, Suhag R, Hasan M, Dhumal S, Radha, Pandiselvam R, Senapathy M, Sampathrajan V, Punia S, Sayed AAS, Singh S, Kennedy JF. Black soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.): paving the way toward new nutraceutical. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6208-6234. [PMID: 35139704 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Black soybean (BS) is a nutritious legume that is high in proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, isoflavones, and flavones. Traditional approaches for extracting BS bioactive compounds are commonly employed because they are simple and inexpensive, but they use toxic solvents and have lower yields. As a result, new extraction techniques have been developed, such as microwave, ultrasound, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Modern approaches are less harmful to the environment, are faster, and produce higher yields. The major anthocyanin in the BS seed coat was discovered as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, accounting for nearly 75% of the total anthocyanins. BS and its seed coat also contains phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, vanillin, syringic acid), isoflavones (daidzein, glycitein and genistein), flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanols. Bioactive compounds present in BS exhibit antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, cardio and neuroprotective activities. The characterization and biological activity investigation of these bioactive compounds has provided researchers and food manufacturers with valuable information for developing functional food products and nutraceutical ingredients. In this review, the nutritional makeup of BS is reviewed, and the paper seeks to provide an insight of bioactive compound extraction methods as well as bioactive compounds identified by various researchers. The biological activities of BS extracts and their potential applications in food products (noodles), biodegradable films (pH sensitive film), and therapeutic applications (wound healing and anti-inflammation) are also discussed in the study. Therefore, BS have enormous potential for use in developing functional foods and nutraceutical components. This is the first review of its sort to describe and explain various extraction methodologies and characterization of bioactives, as well as their biological activity recorded in diverse works of literature, making it possible for food manufacturers and scientists to get a quick overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - R Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sneh Punia
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ali A S Sayed
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Surinder Singh
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Worcs, UK
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Passarelli M, Machado UF. AGEs-Induced and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Inflammation-Mediated Regulation of GLUT4 Expression and Atherogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 35011666 PMCID: PMC8750246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, complex and exquisite pathways involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inflammatory stress responses have been demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of numerous diseases, among them diabetes mellitus (DM). In those pathways, several players participate in both, reflecting a complicated interplay between ER and inflammatory stress. In DM, ER and inflammatory stress are involved in both the pathogenesis of the loss of glycemic control and the development of degenerative complications. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn refeed ER and inflammatory stress, contributing to worsening glycemic homeostasis and to accelerating the development of DM complications. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding AGEs-induced and ER/inflammation-mediated regulation of the expression of GLUT4 (solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4), as a marker of glycemic homeostasis and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development/progression, as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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Anti-diabetic effect by walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)-derived peptide LPLLR through inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and alleviating insulin resistance of hepatic HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Wang J, Wu T, Fang L, Liu C, Liu X, Li H, Shi J, Li M, Min W. Peptides from walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) protect hepatic HepG2 cells from high glucose-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Food Funct 2020; 11:8112-8121. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schematic of the mechanism underlying the protection of hepatic HepG2 cells against high glucose-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress by walnut-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Hongmei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Junhua Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Meihe Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
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15
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Wei Y, Zhang R, Fang L, Qin X, Cai M, Gu R, Lu J, Wang Y. Hypoglycemic effects and biochemical mechanisms of Pea oligopeptide on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13055. [PMID: 31591749 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Pea oligopeptide on the glycemic and lipidemic status of mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D) induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Using HPLC-MS/MS spectra processing, 70 significant peptide (2-3 amino acids) sequences were identified, noting four peptides from Pea oligopeptide with a proline residue at the C-terminus, which might have dipeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity for the treatment of T2D. After a 4-week administration of Pea oligopeptide and metformin, various blood biochemical indexes and organic histopathologies were detected to aid the discussion regarding potential mechanisms. The results showed a significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, and liver fat deposition in diabetic mice. Furthermore, Pea oligopeptide and metformin improved glucose tolerance, promoted glycogen synthesis, and protected the liver and kidney structures in diabetic mice. The results indicated that Pea oligopeptide played an essential role in the hypoglycemic effect in the T2D mice model. Practical applications This paper examined the preliminary hypoglycemic activities of Pea oligopeptide in a high-fat diet and STZ-induced T2D mice. Furthermore, four kinds of dipeptides and tripeptides that might exhibit antidiabetic functions were detected using HPLC-MS/MS. The results provided practical knowledge regarding the hypoglycemic effects of Pea oligopeptide and established the foundation of its structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Qin
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Muyi Cai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruizeng Gu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
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16
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Sun S, Zhang H, Shan K, Sun T, Lin M, Jia L, Chen YQ. Effect of Different Cereal Peptides on the Development of Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Their Anti‐inflammatory Ability: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800987. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suling Sun
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Kai Shan
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology & Center for Blood ResearchUniversity of British Columbia 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital P. R. China
| | - Lingling Jia
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- Departments of Cancer Biology and BiochemistryWake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC 27157 USA
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17
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Liao W, Jahandideh F, Fan H, Son M, Wu J. Egg Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Preparation, Efficacy, and Absorption. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:1-58. [PMID: 29860972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hen's egg is an important protein source of human diet. On average one large egg contains ~6g protein, which contributes to ~11% of daily protein intake. As a high-quality protein, egg proteins are well recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides. The objectives of this chapter are to introduce generation, bioactivities, and absorption of egg protein-derived bioactive peptides. Research on egg protein-derived bioactive peptides has been progressed during the past decades. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the major technique to prepare bioactive peptides from egg protein. Quantitative structure-activity relationships-aided in silico prediction is increasingly applied as a promising tool for efficient prediction of novel bioactive peptides. A number of bioactive peptides from egg proteins have been characterized for antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Egg protein-derived peptides that can improve bone health have been reported as well. However, molecular mechanisms of many peptides are not fully understood. The stability and absorption routes, bioavailability, safety, and production of bioactive peptides await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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18
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Lee SJ, Vuong TA, Go GY, Song YJ, Lee S, Lee SY, Kim SW, Lee J, Kim YK, Seo DW, Kim KH, Kang JS, Bae GU. An isoflavone compound daidzein elicits myoblast differentiation and myotube growth. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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19
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Ren Q, Wang JA, Liu SL, Wang F, Wang HY. Identification and determination of isoflavones in germinated black soybean sprouts by UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS mass spectrometry and HPLC-DAD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1256303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Jian-an Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Shu-ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Hui-yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
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20
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Rong Guo X, Li Wang X, Chen Y, Hong Yuan Y, Mei Chen Y, Ding Y, Fang J, Jiao Bian L, Sheng Li D. ANGPTL8/betatrophin alleviates insulin resistance via the Akt-GSK3β or Akt-FoxO1 pathway in HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 345:158-67. [PMID: 26387753 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)/betatrophin, a newly identified protein, is primarily expressed in the liver and regulates the glucose metabolic transition during fasting and re-feeding in mice with or without insulin resistance. These findings strongly suggest that ANGPTL8/betatrophin could be a novel glucose-lowering candidate medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ANGPTL8/betatrophin regulates glucose metabolism are poorly understood in human. Two sub-clones of HepG2 cells, ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockouts and ANGPTL8/betatrophin over-expressors, were established using TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and through stable transfection, respectively. Over-expression of ANGPTL8/betatrophin enhanced the insulin-stimulated activation of the Akt-GSK3β or Akt-FoxO1 pathway, no matter whether the cells were present with insulin resistance or not. In contrast, knockout of ANGPTL8/betatrophin did not affect the Akt-GSK3β or Akt-FoxO1 pathway unless the HepG2 cells were preset with insulin resistance. Our results suggest that ANGPTL8/betatrophin might play an important role in glucose metabolism in the context of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pathology, Academic College, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Liu Jiao Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710069, China.
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.
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21
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Kusunoki M, Sato D, Tsutsumi K, Tsutsui H, Nakamura T, Oshida Y. Black soybean extract improves lipid profiles in fenofibrate-treated type 2 diabetics with postprandial hyperlipidemia. J Med Food 2015; 18:615-8. [PMID: 25651043 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Black soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are known to be rich in polyphenols, including anthocyanins, and they have been consumed since ancient times for their beneficial effects on health. In addition, it has been reported that black soybean (BS) seed coat may ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we administered BS extract to type 2 diabetics for 2 months to investigate the effects of BS on glycemic control and lipid metabolism parameters. In addition, we administered BS and antihyperlipidemic agent, fenofibrate, to patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by postprandial hyperlipidemia for 2 months and assessed the combined effects of fenofibrate and BS on serum lipid profile. The results showed that administration of the BS alone had no effect on the blood glucose or lipid levels, but that administration of fenofibrate alone and fenofibrate in combination with the BS significantly lowered their serum triglyceride (TG) level at fasting state, and the percent decrease in the serum TG level after combined administration was significantly higher than in the subjects who received fenofibrate alone. Furthermore, the serum LDL cholesterol concentration, which did not decrease when fenofibrate was administered alone, decreased significantly when the BS and fenofibrate were administered in combination. These results suggest that combined administration of the BS with fenofibrate enhanced the antihyperlipidemic action of fenofibrate, and the results of this study demonstrated the usefulness of the BS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kusunoki
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic, Aichi Medical University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- 2Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Hideyo Tsutsui
- 4Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Nakamura
- 2Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- 5Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Sato D, Kusunoki M, Seino N, Nishina A, Feng Z, Tsutsumi K, Nakamura T. Black soybean extract reduces fatty acid contents in subcutaneous, but not in visceral adipose triglyceride in high-fat fed rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:539-45. [PMID: 25830948 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1028907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that black soybean (BS) extract, rich in polyphenols, has beneficial effects against obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. However, detailed effects of BS on lipid metabolism have not been documented well. In the present study, we compared fatty acid composition in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of high-fat fed (HFF) rats and BS administered HFF rats. Black soybean administration for 6 weeks influenced neither body nor adipose tissue weights, blood glucose, plasma insulin levels, or insulin sensitivity. However, BS reduced several saturated (C14:0 and C16:0), monounsaturated (C14:1n-5 and C18:1n-9) and n-6 polyunsaturated (C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6 and C22:4n-6) fatty acid contents in subcutaneous fat without any change in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. No such effect was observed in fatty acid composition in visceral fat. Long-chain fatty acids are involved in regulation of inflammation. Therefore, those reduced fatty acids may be linked to the effects on suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
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23
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Jiang N, Zhang S, Zhu J, Shang J, Gao X. Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Peptides from Red Deer Antlers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 236:71-9. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei University for Nationalities
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shuangjian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University
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Ahmad A, Hayat I, Arif S, Masud T, Khalid N, Ahmed A. Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effects of Soybean (Glycine Max). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.714828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kwak JH, Kim M, Lee E, Lee SH, Ahn CW, Lee JH. Effects of black soy peptide supplementation on blood pressure and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zimmermann C, Cederroth CR, Bourgoin L, Foti M, Nef S. Prevention of diabetes in db/db mice by dietary soy is independent of isoflavone levels. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5200-11. [PMID: 22962258 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence points towards the beneficial use of soy proteins and isoflavones to improve glucose control and slow the progression of type 2 diabetes. Here, we used diabetic db/db mice fed a high soy-containing diet (SD) or a casein soy-free diet to investigate the metabolic effects of soy and isoflavones consumption on glucose homeostasis, hepatic glucose production, and pancreatic islet function. Male db/db mice fed with a SD exhibited a robust reduction in hyperglycemia (50%), correlating with a reduction in hepatic glucose production and preserved pancreatic β-cell function. The rapid decrease in fasting glucose levels resulted from an inhibition of gluconeogenesis and an increase in glycolysis in the liver of db/db mice. Soy consumption also prevented the loss of pancreatic β-cell mass and thus improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (3-fold), which partly accounted for the overall improvements in glucose homeostasis. Comparison of SD effects on hyperglycemia with differing levels of isoflavones or with purified isoflavones indicate that the beneficial physiological effects of soy are not related to differences in their isoflavone content. Overall, these findings suggest that consumption of soy is beneficial for improving glucose homeostasis and delaying the progression of diabetes in the db/db mice but act independently of isoflavone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland
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27
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Popov D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the on site function of resident PTP1B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:535-8. [PMID: 22609202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence links the stress at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, liver, heart, renal and neurodegenerative diseases, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, identification of molecular pathways beyond ER stress and their appropriate modulation might alleviate the stress, and direct toward novel tools to fight this disturbance. An interesting resident of the ER membrane is protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme that negatively regulates insulin and leptin signaling, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Recently, new functions of PTP1B have been established linked to ER stress response. This review evaluates the novel data on ER stressors, discusses the mechanisms beyond PTP1B function in the ER stress response, and emphasizes the potential therapeutic exploitation of PTP1B to relieve ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Popov
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology N. Simionescu of the Romanian Academy 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest 050568, Romania.
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28
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Farinazzi-Machado FMV, Barbalho SM, Oshiiwa M, Goulart R, Pessan Junior O. Use of cereal bars with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) to reduce risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is considered a pseudocereal with proteins of high biological value, carbohydrates of low glycemic index, phytosteroids, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids that bring benefits to the human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quinoa on the biochemical and anthropometric profile and blood pressure in humans, parameters for measuring risk of cardiovascular diseases. Twenty-two 18 to 45-year-old students were treated daily for 30 days with quinoa in the form of a cereal bar. Blood samples were collected before and after 30 days of treatment to determine glycemic and biochemical profile of the group. The results indicated that quinoa had beneficial effects on part of the population studied since the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c showed reduction. It can be concluded that the use of quinoa in diet can be considered beneficial in the prevention and treatment of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases that are among the leading causes of death in today's globalized world. However, further studies are needed to prove the benefits observed.
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Fagopyrum tataricum (buckwheat) improved high-glucose-induced insulin resistance in mouse hepatocytes and diabetes in fructose-rich diet-induced mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:375673. [PMID: 22548048 PMCID: PMC3324901 DOI: 10.1155/2012/375673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fagopyrum tataricum (buckwheat) is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. This study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-insulin resistance effects of 75% ethanol extracts of buckwheat (EEB) in FL83B hepatocytes by high-glucose (33 mM) induction and in C57BL/6 mice by fructose-rich diet (FRD; 60%) induction. The active compounds of EEB (100 μg/mL; 50 mg/kg bw), quercetin (6 μg/mL; 3 mg/kg bw), and rutin (23 μg/mL; 11.5 mg/kg bw) were also employed to treat FL83B hepatocytes and animal. Results indicated that EEB, rutin, and quercetin + rutin significantly improved 2-NBDG uptake via promoting Akt phosphorylation and preventing PPARγ degradation caused by high-glucose induction for 48 h in FL83B hepatocytes. We also found that EEB could elevate hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities to attenuate insulin resistance as well as its antioxidation caused by rutin and quercetin. Finally, EEB also inhibited increases in blood glucose and insulin levels of C57BL/6 mice induced by FRD.
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30
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Yimit D, Hoxur P, Amat N, Uchikawa K, Yamaguchi N. Effects of soybean peptide on immune function, brain function, and neurochemistry in healthy volunteers. Nutrition 2012; 28:154-9. [PMID: 21872436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soybeans, an excellent source of dietary peptides, have beneficial effects on health. We investigated the effect of the soybean peptide on immune function, brain function, and neurochemistry in healthy volunteers. METHODS Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to analyze brain cerebral blood flow. The A and DA levels in the serum were analyzed by ELISA kit. The total number of leukocytes was recorded with a standard counter. Flow cytometry was used to assess lymphocyte subset levels. RESULTS Cell numbers were upregulated in the group that had fewer leukocytes but downregulated in the group with more leukocytes. For the lymphocyte-rich type, lymphocyte counts tended to decrease, accompanied by an increase in granulocyte numbers. For the granulocyte-rich type, granulocyte counts tended to increase, but lymphocyte counts also increased. The numbers of CD11b(+) cells and CD56(+) cells increased significantly. Soybean peptide decreased the adrenalin level in plasma but increased the level of dopamine. Near-infrared spectroscopy showed significant increases in the amplitudes of θ, α-2, and β-L frequency bands after the ingestion of peptides. CONCLUSION Soybean peptides can modulate cellular immune systems, regulate neurotransmitters, and boost brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshat Yimit
- Research Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
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Antitumor and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activities of a Hemagglutinin and a Protease Inhibitor from Mini-Black Soybean. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:851396. [PMID: 21527979 PMCID: PMC3057713 DOI: 10.1155/2011/851396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) and hemagglutinins are defense proteins produced by many organisms. From Chinese mini-black soybeans, a 17.5-kDa PI was isolated using chromatography on Q-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and DEAE-cellulose. A 25-kDa hemagglutinin was purified similarly, but using Superdex 75 instead of DEAE-cellulose in the final step. The PI inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin (IC50 = 7.2 and 8.8 μM). Its trypsin inhibitory activity was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 70°C. The hemagglutinin activity of the hemagglutinin was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 75°C. The results indicated that both PI and hemagglutinin were relatively thermostable and pH-stable. The trypsin inhibitory activity was inhibited by dithiothreitol, signifying the importance of the disulfide bond to the activity. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited most potently by D (+)-raffinose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, suggesting that the hemagglutinin was specific for these two sugars. Both PI and hemagglutinin inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 = 3.2 and 5.5 μM), proliferation of breast cancer cells (IC50 = 9.7 and 3.5 μM), and hepatoma cells (IC50 = 35 and 6.2 μM), with relatively high potencies.
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Kwak JH, Lee JH, Ahn CW, Park SH, Shim ST, Song YD, Han EN, Lee KH, Chae JS. Black Soy Peptide Supplementation Improves Glucose Control in Subjects with Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Food 2010; 13:1307-12. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
- National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Ahn
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Taek Shim
- Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Duk Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Health Insurance Cooperation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyungki Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Narae Han
- Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine and CHA Anti-aging Institute, CHA General Hospital, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jey-Sook Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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