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Field JT, Gordon JW. BNIP3 and Nix: Atypical regulators of cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119325. [PMID: 35863652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 25 years ago, the BCL-2 family members BNIP3 and BNIP3L (aka Nix) have been labelled 'atypical'. Originally, this was because BNIP3 and Nix have divergent BH3 domains compared to other BCL-2 proteins. In addition, this atypical BH3 domain is dispensable for inducing cell death, which is also unusual for a 'death gene'. Instead, BNIP3 and Nix utilize a transmembrane domain, which allows for dimerization and insertion into and through organelle membranes to elicit cell death. Much has been learned regarding the biological function of these two atypical death genes, including their role in metabolic stress, where BNIP3 is responsive to hypoxia, while Nix responds variably to hypoxia and is also down-stream of PKC signaling and lipotoxic stress. Interestingly, both BNIP3 and Nix respond to signals related to cell atrophy. In addition, our current view of regulated cell death has expanded to include forms of necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and permeability transition-mediated cell death where BNIP3 and Nix have been shown to play context- and cell-type specific roles. Perhaps the most intriguing discoveries in recent years are the results demonstrating roles for BNIP3 and Nix outside of the purview of death genes, such as regulation of proliferation, differentiation/maturation, mitochondrial dynamics, macro- and selective-autophagy. We provide a historical and unbiased overview of these 'death genes', including new information related to alternative splicing and post-translational modification. In addition, we propose to redefine these two atypical members of the BCL-2 family as versatile regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Field
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Zhang T, Guan YZ, Liu H. Association of Acidemia With Short-Term Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Study Base on MIMIC-III Database. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 26:1076029620950837. [PMID: 32862673 PMCID: PMC7466881 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620950837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death and not a few of these patients are combined with acidemia. This study aimed to detect the association of acidemia with short-term mortality of AMI patients. A total of 972 AMI patients were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database for analysis. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the imbalance. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the mortality, and Cox-proportional hazards model was used to detect related factors associated with mortality. After PSM, a total of 345 non-acidemia patients and 345 matched acidemia patients were included. The non-acidemia patients had a significantly lower 30-day mortality (20.0% vs. 28.7%) and lower 90-day mortality (24.9% vs. 31.9%) than the acidemia patients (P < 0.001 for all). The severe-acidemia patients (PH < 7.25) had the highest 30-day mortality (52.6%) and 90-day mortality (53.9%) than non-acidemia patients and mild-acidemia (7.25 ≤ PH < 7.35) patients (P < 0.001). In Cox-proportional hazards model, acidemia was associated with improved 30-day mortality (HR = 1.518; 95%CI = 1.110-2.076, P = 0.009) and 90-day mortality (HR = 1.378; 95%CI = 1.034 -1.837, P = 0.029). These results suggest that severe acidemia is associated with improved 30-day mortality and 90-day mortality of AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Tarazón E, Pérez‐Carrillo L, García‐Bolufer P, Triviño JC, Feijóo‐Bandín S, Lago F, González‐Juanatey JR, Martínez‐Dolz L, Portolés M, Roselló‐Lletí E. Circulating mitochondrial genes detect acute cardiac allograft rejection: Role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2056-2066. [PMID: 33125788 PMCID: PMC8246899 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute rejection after heart transplantation increases the risk of chronic dysfunction. Disturbances in mitochondrial function may play a contributory role, however, the relationship between histological signs of rejection in the human transplanted heart and expression levels of circulating mitochondrial genes, such as the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex, remains unexplored. We conducted an RNA-sequencing analysis to identify altered mitochondrial genes in serum and to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for rejection episodes. We included 40 consecutive samples from transplant recipients undergoing routine endomyocardial biopsies. In total, 112 mitochondrial genes were identified in the serum of posttransplant patients, of which 28 were differentially expressed in patients with acute rejection (p < .05). Considering the receiver operating characteristic analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) >0.900 to discriminate patients with moderate or severe degrees of rejection, we found that the MCU system showed a strong capability for detection: MCU (AUC = 0.944, p < .0001), MCU/MCUR1 ratio (AUC = 0.972, p < .0001), MCU/MCUB ratio (AUC = 0.970, p < .0001), and MCU/MICU1 ratio (AUC = 0.970, p < .0001). Mitochondrial alterations are reflected in peripheral blood and are capable of discriminating between patients with allograft rejection and those not experiencing rejection with excellent accuracy. The dysregulation of the MCU complex was found to be the most relevant finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Tarazón
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain
| | - Lorena Pérez‐Carrillo
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain
| | - Pau García‐Bolufer
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain
| | | | - Sandra Feijóo‐Bandín
- CIBERCVMadridSpain,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research UnitDepartment of CardiologyInstitute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity Clinical HospitalSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Francisca Lago
- CIBERCVMadridSpain,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research UnitDepartment of CardiologyInstitute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity Clinical HospitalSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - José R. González‐Juanatey
- CIBERCVMadridSpain,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research UnitDepartment of CardiologyInstitute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity Clinical HospitalSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Luis Martínez‐Dolz
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain,Heart Failure and Transplantation UnitCardiology DepartmentUniversity and Polytechnic La Fe HospitalValenciaSpain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain
| | - Esther Roselló‐Lletí
- Myocardial Dysfunction and Cardiac Transplantation UnitHealth Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La FeValenciaSpain,CIBERCVMadridSpain
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Du Q, Zhu B, Zhai Q, Yu B. Sirt3 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction via suppression of Bnip3. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3360-3373. [PMID: 28804553 PMCID: PMC5553885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in cancer treatment. Although its antitumor efficacy appears to be dose dependent, its clinical use is greatly restricted by development of cardiotoxicity. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is the major deacetylase within the mitochondrial matrix that plays an important role in regulation of cardiac function. This study was performed to identify the regulatory role of Sirt3 on Dox-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats in vivo and in vitro. We found that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Sirt3 resulted in marked inhibition of Dox-induced cardiac hypertrophy, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction including opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), respiration dysfunction, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further study revealed that Bcl-2-like 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) mRNA and protein expression levels were altered in cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro after Dox treatment, and these increases were significantly inhibited by Sirt3 overexpression. Interestingly, the Dox-disrupted mitochondrial Cox1-Ucp3 complexes were preserved by Sirt3 overexpression. Finally, recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of Bnip3 (AAV-Bnip3) in rat hearts and cardiomyocytes completely impaired the protective effects of Sirt3 on Dox-induced cardiac toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings reveal a new molecular mechanism in which Sirt3 restores mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, and cell viability of Dox-damaged cardiomyocytes is mutually dependent on and obligatorily linked to suppression of Bnip3 gene expression. Interventions that antagonize Bnip3 may contribute to the beneficial effect of Sirt3 regarding prevention of mitochondrial injury and heart failure in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
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Chemaly ER, Troncone L, Lebeche D. SERCA control of cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:46-61. [PMID: 28747251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca2+ dynamics contribute to the regulation of normal and pathological signal transduction that controls cell growth and survival. Aberrant perturbations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a range of pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, tumorigenesis and steatosis hepatitis. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are therefore tightly regulated by a number of Ca2+ handling enzymes, proteins, channels and transporters located in the plasma membrane and in Ca2+ storage organelles, which work in concert to fine tune a temporally and spatially precise Ca2+ signal. Chief amongst them is the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) which actively re-accumulates released Ca2+ back into the SR/ER, therefore maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. There are at least 14 different SERCA isoforms encoded by three ATP2A1-3 genes whose expressions are species- and tissue-specific. Altered SERCA expression and activity results in cellular malignancy and induction of ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis. The role of SERCA misregulation in the control of apoptosis in various cell types and disease setting with prospective therapeutic implications is the focus of this review. Ca2+ is a double edge sword for both life as well as death, and current experimental evidence supports a model in which Ca2+ homeostasis and SERCA activity represent a nodal point that controls cell survival. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of this axis constitutes an incredible therapeutic potential to treat different diseases sharing similar biological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luca Troncone
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Methylation of BNIP3 in pancreatic cancer inhibits the induction of mitochondrial-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63208-63222. [PMID: 28968982 PMCID: PMC5609914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is involved in various cellular processes and is considered a key regulator of hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In the present study, the expression of BNIP3 in pancreatic cancer tissues, the correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis and the regulation of this protein in pancreatic cancer cell lines with regard to the induction of apoptosis were investigated. BNIP3 expression was significantly lower in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal epithelia and was associated with tumor size, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis. The expression of BNIP3 correlated positively to the proapoptotic protein Bax and negatively to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, whereas the induction of apoptosis by BNIP3 was independent of caspase 3 and 9 activation. The restoration of BNIP3 expression in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, caused loss of ΔΨm, increase in ROS production, and apoptosis induction. The opposite effect was observed in pancreatic cancer cells, following BNIP3 silencing by RNAi. The absence of BNIP3 expression in pancreatic cancer cells was related to gene methylation that suppressed binding of HIF-1α to the BNIP3 promoter, whereas 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC) treatment restored BNIP3 expression and sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to BNIP3-induced apoptosis. The findings indicated that BNIP3 was significantly downregulated in pancreatic cancer resulting in reduced apoptosis induction. Silencing of BNIP3 expression was associated with methylation of the hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) site that in turn inhibited the binding of HIF-1α to the BNIP3 promoter. The data suggest that BNIP3 reactivation is a potential target for therapeutic intervention against pancreatic cancer.
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Early Administration of Glutamine Protects Cardiomyocytes from Post-Cardiac Arrest Acidosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2106342. [PMID: 28058255 PMCID: PMC5183754 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Postcardiac arrest acidosis can decrease survival. Effective medications without adverse side effects are still not well characterized. We aimed to analyze whether early administration of glutamine could improve survival and protect cardiomyocytes from postcardiac arrest acidosis using animal and cell models. Forty Wistar rats with postcardiac arrest acidosis (blood pH < 7.2) were included. They were divided into study (500 mg/kg L-alanyl-L-glutamine, n = 20) and control (normal saline, n = 20) groups. Each of the rats received resuscitation. The outcomes were compared between the two groups. In addition, cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were exposed to HBSS with different pH levels (7.3 or 6.5) or to culture medium (control). Apoptosis-related markers and beating function were analyzed. We found that the duration of survival was significantly longer in the study group (p < 0.05). In addition, in pH 6.5 or pH 7.3 HBSS buffer, the expression levels of cell stress (p53) and apoptosis (caspase-3, Bcl-xL) markers were significantly lower in cardiomyocytes treated with 50 mM L-glutamine than those without L-glutamine (RT-PCR). L-glutamine also increased the beating function of cardiomyocytes, especially at the lower pH level (6.5). More importantly, glutamine decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased these cells' beating function at a low pH level.
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