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Hasnat H, Shompa SA, Islam MM, Alam S, Richi FT, Emon NU, Ashrafi S, Ahmed NU, Chowdhury MNR, Fatema N, Hossain MS, Ghosh A, Ahmed F. Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27533. [PMID: 38496846 PMCID: PMC10944245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are organic compounds characterized by a range of phenolic structures, which are abundantly present in various natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine. The health advantages of these natural substances are renowned, and initiatives are being taken to extract the flavonoids. Apigenin, galangin, hesperetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and quercetin are the seven most common compounds belonging to this class. A thorough analysis of bibliographic records from reliable sources including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and others was done to learn more about the biological activities of these flavonoids. These flavonoids appear to have promising anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering activities, according to evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. The review contains recent trends, therapeutical interventions, and futuristic aspects of flavonoids to treat several diseases like diabetes, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. However, this manuscript should be handy in future drug discovery. Despite these encouraging findings, a notable gap exists in clinical research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the effects of flavonoids at both high and low concentrations on human health. Future investigations should prioritize exploring bioavailability, given the potential for high inter-individual variation. As a starting point for further study on these flavonoids, this review paper may promote identifying and creating innovative therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Suriya Akter Shompa
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirazul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nour Fatema
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Avoy Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Gotep JG, Sabo SY, Makama S, Gyang J, Pwajok Choji TP, Uguru MO, Okwuasaba FK. Effect of oral administration of Fadogia cienkowskii Shweinf. (Rubiaceae) ethanol root extract on some semen parameters, testes, epididymis, liver and kidney of male albino rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
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Artabotrys odoratissimus Bark Extract Restores Ethanol Induced Redox Imbalance and Toxicity in Hepatocytes and In Vivo Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3366-3383. [PMID: 36585550 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is a key player in the development of liver diseases, and herbal alternatives are important means of ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects. The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potentiality of Artabotrys odoratissimus, an important medicinal shrub from the family Annonaceae. The phenolic compounds from bark ethanol extract (BEE) were detected using RP-HPLC. The in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced damage was studied in HepG2 cells with cell viability assays, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, double staining assay and western blotting. The in vivo mice model was used to evaluate the alcohol-induced stress with liver function enzymes, lipid profile and histopathology. All the thirteen phenolic compounds detected with HPLC were docked onto protein targets such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NO). The RP-HPLC detected the presence of various phenolics including rutin, chlorogenic acid and catechin, amongst others. Co-administration of BEE with ethanol alleviated cell death, ROS and MMP in HepG2 cells compared to the negative control. The extract also modulated the MAP kinase/caspase-3 pathway, thereby showing protective effects in HepG2 cells. Also, pre-treatment for 14 days with the extract in the mice model before a single toxic dose (5 g/kg body weight) reduced the liver injury by bringing the levels of liver function enzymes, lipid profile and bilirubin to near normal. In silico analysis revealed that rutin showed the best binding affinity with all the target proteins in the study. These results provide evidence that BEE possesses significant hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells and in vivo models, which is further validated with in silico analysis.
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Li X, Geng-Ji JJ, Quan YY, Qi LM, Sun Q, Huang Q, Jiang HM, Sun ZJ, Liu HM, Xie X. Role of potential bioactive metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1023713. [PMID: 36479195 PMCID: PMC9719995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with persistent hyperglycemia primarily caused by insulin resistance (IR). The number of diabetic patients globally has been rising over the past decades. Although significant progress has been made in treating diabetes mellitus (DM), existing clinical drugs for diabetes can no longer fully meet patients when they face complex and huge clinical treatment needs. As a traditional and effective medical system, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a unique understanding of diabetes treatment and has developed many classic and practical prescriptions targeting DM. With modern medicine and pharmacy advancements, researchers have discovered that various bioactive metabolites isolated from TCM show therapeutic on DM. Compared with existing clinical drugs, these bioactive metabolites demonstrate promising prospects for treating DM due to their excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse reactions. Accordingly, these valuable metabolites have attracted the interest of researchers worldwide. Despite the abundance of research works and specialized-topic reviews published over the past years, there is a lack of updated and systematic reviews concerning this fast-growing field. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the bioactive metabolites derived from TCM with the potential treatment of T2DM by searching several authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Springer Link. For the convenience of readers, the content is divided into four parts according to the structural characteristics of these valuable compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others). Meanwhile, the detailed mechanism and future directions of these promising compounds curing DM are also summarized in the related sections. We hope this review inspires increasingly valuable and significant research focusing on potential bioactive metabolites from TCM to treat DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Geng-Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Quan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu-Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Jian Sun
- Sichuan Ant Recommendation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yang H, Wang Y, Xu S, Ren J, Tang L, Gong J, Lin Y, Fang H, Su D. Hesperetin, a Promising Treatment Option for Diabetes and Related Complications: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8582-8592. [PMID: 35801973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of diabetes have increased dramatically in recent decades. Novel strategies for treating diabetes and its complications with minimal side effects are in urgent need. New monomeric molecules extracted from herbal medicine, which is a form of alternative medicine, are being sought as drug candidates for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Hesperetin (Hst), a citrus flavonoid, is of increasing interest in scientific studies recently due to its properties in combating diabetes and its complications, whereas existing studies are scattered and unsystematic. Here, we summarized the literature studies over the last 10 years to review the potential therapeutic role of Hst in the prevention and mitigation of diabetes and its complications, intending to provide promising strategies for the clinical management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the First Peoples's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lidan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jinhong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hufeng Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
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de Lima LP, de Paula Barbosa A. A review of the lipolytic effects and the reduction of abdominal fat from bioactive compounds and moro orange extracts. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07695. [PMID: 34409177 PMCID: PMC8361066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation containing Citrus sinensis extract is being widely used for weight loss due to its anti-adipogenic and antioxidant effects that regulate the metabolism of fatty acids. Bioactive compounds upregulate PPARα in the liver tissue, increasing oxidation of fatty acids and improving insulin sensitivity in addition to decreasing the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, such as LXRα and FAS. Studies on synephrine demonstrated their ability to stimulate the development of beige adipose tissue through greater expression of UCP1 and mtTFA, contributing to an increase in thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, despite its widespread use to reduce abdominal fat, few scientific studies have consensually proven the effectiveness of Moro orange extract for weight loss. This literature review summarizes the current information on the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of lipid metabolism by the bioactive compounds present in Moro orange extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro de Lima
- Faculdade Ana Carolina Puga (FAPUGA), Av. Braz Olaia Acosta, 1.900/ 109, Ribeirão Preto, 14026-610, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antony de Paula Barbosa
- Faculdade Ana Carolina Puga (FAPUGA), Av. Braz Olaia Acosta, 1.900/ 109, Ribeirão Preto, 14026-610, São Paulo, Brazil
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Karim N, Shishir MRI, Gowd V, Chen W. Hesperidin-An Emerging Bioactive Compound against Metabolic Diseases and Its Potential Biosynthesis Pathway in Microorganism. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1858312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vemana Gowd
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Liu Y, Han X, Zhao N, Fang X, Zhang S, Li S, Jiang W, Ding L. The association of liver function biomarkers with internal exposure of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in residents from Jinan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115762. [PMID: 33049485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants which have been reported to be hepatotoxic by laboratory cell and animal studies. However, the related epidemiological reports on their hepatotoxic effects to humans are sparse. In this study, we evaluated the associations between six liver enzymes and serum short-chain CP (SCCP) or medium-chain CP (MCCP) concentrations of 197 residents in Jinan, China. Serum S/MCCPs were detected by quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (APCI-QTOF-HRMS), and quantified by pattern deconvolution method. The associations between total serum S/MCCP concentrations (ΣS/MCCPs) and continuous liver enzyme levels were assessed by linear regression. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of serum ΣS/MCCPs concentrations on liver function biomarkers dichotomized by clinical reference intervals were predicted by logistic regression, either treating ΣS/MCCPs as continuous or categorical dependents. After multivariable adjustment, linear regression results illustrated that 1-ln unit increase in serum ΣSCCPs was negatively associated with male PA levels [-6.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.90, -3.25, p < 0.05], positively associated with male TB levels (1.80, 95% CI: 0.28, 3.31, p < 0.05), and positively associated with female AST levels (1.39, 95% CI: 0.07, 2.70, p < 0.05). One-ln unit increase in serum ΣMCCPs was negatively associated male PA levels (-7.56, 95% CI: -17.15, -4.03, p < 0.05). Logistic regression results suggested that male serum ΣSCCPs were associated with increased prevalence of abnormal PA (OR = 1.47 per 1 ln-unit increase, CI = 1.18, 1.82) and TB (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.76) levels, and male serum ΣMCCPs were significantly associated with increased prevalence of abnormal PA (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.97) levels. In addition, male participants with concentrations above the median ΣS/MCCPs were associated with increased risk for abnormal PA levels [SCCPs, 2.11-fold (95% CI = 1.15, 3.87); MCCPs, 1.94-fold (95% CI = 1.24, 3.03)]. Male participants with concentrations above the median ΣSCCPs were also associated with increased risk for abnormal TB levels (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.76). Conclusively, our results revealed that CP internal exposure was associated with disturbed liver biomarker levels, suggesting the hepatotoxicity of both SCCPs and MCCPs to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiumei Han
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shixue Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Floresta G, Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Biagini P, Cilibrizzi A. Repurposing strategies on pyridazinone-based series by pharmacophore- and structure-driven screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1137-1144. [PMID: 32367744 PMCID: PMC7241479 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1760261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here in silico repurposing studies on 52 new pyridazinone-based small-molecules through inverse virtual screening (iVS) methodologies. These analogues were originally designed as formyl peptide receptor (FPR) ligands. As it is sometimes the case in drug discovery programmes, subsequent biological screening demonstrated the inefficacy of the molecules in binding FPRs, failing in the identification of new hits. Through a focussed drug-repurposing approach we have defined a variety of potential targets that are suitable to interact with this library of pyridazinone-based analogues. A two-step approach has been conducted for computational analysis. Specifically, the molecules were initially processed through a pharmacophore-based screening. Secondly, the resulting features of binding were investigated by docking studies and following molecular dynamic simulations, in order to univocally confirm "pyridazinone-based ligand-target protein" interactions. Our findings propose aspartate aminotransferase as the most favourable repurposed target for this small-molecule series, worth of additional medicinal chemistry investigations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Biagini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
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Zanetti D, Gustafsson S, Assimes TL, Ingelsson E. Comprehensive Investigation of Circulating Biomarkers and Their Causal Role in Atherosclerosis-Related Risk Factors and Clinical Events. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002996. [PMID: 33125266 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers have been previously associated with atherosclerosis-related risk factors, but the nature of these associations is incompletely understood. METHODS We performed multivariable-adjusted regressions and 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to assess observational and causal associations of 27 circulating biomarkers with 7 cardiovascular traits in up to 451 933 participants of the UK Biobank. RESULTS After multiple-testing correction (alpha=1.3×10-4), we found a total of 15, 9, 21, 22, 26, 24, and 26 biomarkers strongly associated with coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio; respectively. The Mendelian randomization analyses confirmed strong evidence of previously suggested causal associations for several glucose- and lipid-related biomarkers with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Particularly interesting findings included a protective role of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in systolic blood pressure, and the strong causal association of lipoprotein(a) in coronary artery disease development (β, -0.13; per SD change in exposure and outcome and odds ratio, 1.28; P=2.6×10-4 and P=7.4×10-35, respectively). In addition, our results indicated a causal role of increased ALT (alanine aminotransferase) in the development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.59 and β, 0.06, per SD change in exposure and outcome; P=4.8×10-11 and P=6.0×10-5). Our results suggest that it is unlikely that CRP (C-reactive protein) and vitamin D play causal roles of any meaningful magnitude in development of cardiometabolic disease. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed and extended known associations and reported several novel causal associations providing important insights about the cause of these diseases, which can help accelerate new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zanetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.), Stanford University, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center (D.Z., E.I.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.G.)
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (D.Z., T.L.A., E.I.), Stanford University, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center (D.Z., E.I.), Stanford University, CA
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Citrus Flavonoids as Promising Phytochemicals Targeting Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102907. [PMID: 32977511 PMCID: PMC7598193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based food is important for health promotion, especially concerning the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds in citrus fruits, with multiple beneficial effects, especially antidiabetic effects. We systematically review the potential antidiabetic action and molecular mechanisms of citrus flavonoids based on in vitro and in vivo studies. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for articles published since 2010 was carried out using the keywords citrus, flavonoid, and diabetes. All articles identified were analyzed, and data were extracted using a standardized form. The search identified 38 articles, which reported that 19 citrus flavonoids, including 8-prenylnaringenin, cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, hesperetin, hesperidin, isosiennsetin, naringenin, naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, rutin, sineesytin, sudachitin, tangeretin, and xanthohumol, have antidiabetic potential. These flavonoids regulated biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, hepatic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes, and modulated signaling pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications. Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.
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Li C, Liu H, Yang J, Mu J, Wang R, Zhao X. Effect of soybean milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum HFY01 isolated from yak yogurt on weight loss and lipid reduction in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34276-34289. [PMID: 35519026 PMCID: PMC9056763 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum HFY01 (LP-HFY01) was used for weight and lipid reduction in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. We evaluated the gastrointestinal tolerance in vitro, organ index, body fat rate, pathological changes, serum index, mRNA expression and changes of isoflavones in soybean milk. Results indicated that LP-HFY01 exhibited good tolerance to pH 3.0 artificial gastric juice (69.87 ± 0.04%) and 0.3% bile salt (15.94 ± 0.3%). LP-HFY01-fermented soybean milk reduced the body fat rate and liver index of obese mice (p < 0.05). Organ sections showed that LP-HFY01-fermented soybean milk improved fatty degeneration and liver cell damage caused by a high-fat diet. LP-HFY01-fermented soybean milk inhibited increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in the serum of obese mice, and inhibited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA expression, as well as activated cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in the liver and epididymal fat of obese mice (p < 0.05). Daidzin, glycitin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and genistin contents in soybean milk were determined before and after fermentation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the daidzin and genistin contents in the fermented soybean milk decreased, whereas the daidzein and genistein contents increased significantly. Therefore, the LP-HFY01-fermented soybean milk strongly inhibits obesity induced by a high-fat diet, and shows good potential for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China +86-23-6265-3650
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital Chongqing 500101 China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China +86-23-6265-3650
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China +86-23-6265-3650
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China +86-23-6265-3650
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China +86-23-6265-3650
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education Chongqing 400067 China
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Cube natural sea salt ameliorates obesity in high fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3407. [PMID: 32099024 PMCID: PMC7042290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium is an essential component of the human body, with known influences on obesity. This paper reports the effect of cube natural sea salt (CNS) on the reduction of obesity in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, by ameliorating the obesity parameters and obesity-related gene mechanisms. The suppression of high fat diet-induced obesity and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by sea salt depends on the manufacturing process and mineral content. The manufacturing method using only new sea water (Cube natural sea salt) decreases the magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) content in the salt with different crystallization and morphologies, compared to the general manufacturing method (Generally manufactured sea salt, GS). Mg in salt is known to considerably affect obesity; an appropriate concentration of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) reduces lipid accumulation significantly and regulates the lipogenesis and liver enzyme activity. Our results indicate that sea salt contains an appropriate level of Mg as compared to table salt (purified salt, NaCl), and is important for regulating obesity, as observed in the in vivo and in vitro anti-obesity effects of CNS. The Mg content and mineral ratio of sea salt are important factors that ameliorate the lipid metabolism and liver enzyme activity in high fat diet induced obesity, and contents of Mg in sea salt can be altered by modifying the manufacturing process.
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Xiong H, Wang J, Ran Q, Lou G, Peng C, Gan Q, Hu J, Sun J, Yao R, Huang Q. Hesperidin: A Therapeutic Agent For Obesity. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3855-3866. [PMID: 32009777 PMCID: PMC6859214 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by multiple factors and is considered to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke and various cancers. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, is a natural phenolic compound with a wide range of biological effects. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that hesperidin possesses inhibitory effect against obesity diseases. Our review discusses mechanisms of hesperidin in the treatment of obesity. Hesperidin regulates lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism by mediating AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways, directly regulates antioxidant index and anti-apoptosis, and indirectly mediates NF-κB signaling pathway to regulate inflammation to play a role in the treatment of obesity. In addition, hesperidin-enriched dietary supplements can significantly improve symptoms such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Further clinical trials are also required for confirming lipid-lowering efficacy of this natural flavonoid and evaluating its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
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Guo J, Lu S, Liu Z, Tang W, Tu K. Solubilization of hesperidin with octenyl succinic anhydride modified sweet potato starch. Food Chem 2019; 285:180-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Effects of Centella asiatica on skeletal muscle structure and key enzymes of glucose and glycogen metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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