1
|
Shelke V, Dagar N, Puri B, Gaikwad AB. Natriuretic peptide system in hypertension: Current understandings of its regulation, targeted therapies and future challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176664. [PMID: 38795757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide system (NPS) is the key driving force of the heart's endocrine function. Recent developments in NPS-targeted therapies have been found promising and effective against cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Notably, after discovering crosstalk between NPS and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), various combinations such as neprilysin/angiotensin II receptor type 1 AT1 receptor inhibitors and neprilysin/renin inhibitors have been preclinically and clinically tested against various cardiac complications. However, the therapeutic effects of such combinations on the pathophysiology of hypertension are poorly understood. Furthermore, the complicated phenomena underlying NPS regulation and function, particularly in hypertension, are still unexplored. Mounting evidence suggests that numerous regulatory mechanisms modulate the expression of NPS, which can be used as potential targets against hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review will specifically focus on epigenetic and other regulators of NPS, identifying prospective regulators that might serve as new therapeutic targets for hypertension. More importantly, it will shed light on recent developments in NPS-targeted therapies, such as M-atrial peptides, and their latest combinations with RAAS modulators, such as S086 and sacubitril-aliskiren. These insights will aid in the development of effective therapies to break the vicious cycle of high blood pressure during hypertension, ultimately addressing the expanding global heart failure pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwadeep Shelke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Bhupendra Puri
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ensho T, Hino J, Ueda Y, Miyazato M, Iwakura H. Vascular endothelial cell-specific overexpression of CNP did not improve liver fibrosis in HFFCD-induced NASH, but did improve renal lesions. Peptides 2024; 172:171146. [PMID: 38157939 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mice with endothelial-cell-specific overexpression of C-type natriuretic peptide (E-CNP Tg mice) were shown to be protected against hepatic fibrosis and inflammation induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding, with improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated weight gain. A recently developed high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol diet (HFFCD) is considered to be a superior model to HFD, owing to the resemblance to human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we therefore aimed to reveal whether these previous findings with E-CNP Tg mice on HFD can be observed in a newly developed NASH model. Patients with NASH have been suggested to be at higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease, so we also assessed the kidney histology of these mice. After 8 months of HFFCD feeding, the livers of E-CNP Tg mice and controls showed progressive fibrosis, which resembled the features of human NASH. However, no significant differences were observed in NAFLD activity scores between E-CNP Tg mice and controls, although there was a tendency for improvement in E-CNP Tg mice. The reduced levels of GCB, a receptor for CNP, may have weakened the action of CNP in the current model. In the kidneys, HFFCD showed glomerular hypertrophy and tubular atrophy in the cortical region, which were suppressed in E-CNP Tg mice. The present study did not prove the therapeutic effect of CNP on NASH in the HFFCD model, but provided evidence of its potential beneficial effects on NASH-associated renal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ensho
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwakura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye X, Li J, Liu Z, Sun X, Wei D, Song L, Wu C. Peptide mediated therapy in fibrosis: Mechanisms, advances and prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113978. [PMID: 36423541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a disease characterized by an excess accumulation of extracellular matrix components, could lead to organ failure and death, and is to blame for up to 45 % of all fatalities in developed nations. These disorders all share the common trait of an unchecked and increasing accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the affected organs, which leads to their malfunction and eventual failure, even if their underlying causes are highly diverse and, in some cases, remain unclear. Numerous studies have identified activated myofibroblasts as the common cellular elements ultimately responsible for the replacement of normal tissues with nonfunctional fibrotic tissue. The transforming growth factor-β pathway, for instance, plays a significant role in practically all kinds of fibrosis. However, there is no specific drug for the treatment of fibrosis, several medications with anti-hepatic fibrosis properties are still in the research and development stages. Peptide, which refers to a substance consisting of 2-50 amino acids, is characterized by structural diversity, low toxicity, biological activities, easy absorption, specific targeting, few side effects, and has been proven to be effective in anti-fibrosis. Here, we summarized various anti-fibrosis peptides in fibrosis including the liver, lungs, kidneys, and other organs. This review will provide a new insight into peptide mediated anti-fibrosis and is helpful to creation of antifibrotic medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Daneng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harrington EO, Kumar A, Leandre V, Wilson ZS, Guarino B, Braza J, Lefort CT, Klinger JR. Natriuretic peptide receptor-C mediates the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on neutrophil recruitment to the lung during acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L438-L449. [PMID: 35943160 PMCID: PMC9529260 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00477.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protects against acute lung injury (ALI), but the receptor that mediates this effect is not known. Transgenic mice with 0 (knockout), 1 (heterozygote), or 2 (wild-type) functional copies of Npr3, the gene that encodes for natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C), were treated with intravenous infusion of ANP or saline vehicle before oropharyngeal aspiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103) or saline vehicle. Lung injury was assessed 4 h following aspiration by measurement of lung wet/dry (W/D) weight, whole lung leukocyte and cytokine levels, and protein, leukocyte, and cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). PA103 induced acute lung injury as evidenced by increases in lung W/D ratio and protein concentration in BALF. The severity of PA103-induced lung injury did not differ between NPR-C genotypes. Treatment with intravenous ANP infusion reduced PA103-induced increases in lung W/D and BALF protein concentration in all three NPRC genotypes. PA103 increased the percentage of leukocytes that were neutrophils and cytokine levels in whole lung and BALF in NPR-C wild-type and knockout mice. This effect was blunted by ANP in wild-type mice but not in the NPR-C knockout mice. NPR-C does not mediate the protective effect of ANP on endothelial cell permeability in settings of PA103-induced injury but may mediate the effect of ANP on inhibition of the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and thereby attenuate the release of inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Verida Leandre
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zachary S Wilson
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Brianna Guarino
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Craig T Lefort
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James R Klinger
- Vascular Research Lab, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan M, Miao Y, Yan Y, Zhu K, Zhao X, Pan M, Ma B, Wei Q. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Regulates the Expression and Secretion of Antibacterial Peptide S100A7 in Goat Mammary Gland Through PKG/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:822165. [PMID: 35498722 PMCID: PMC9039262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.822165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, the infected tissue secretes a variety of endogenous peptides to resist further invasion of pathogens. Among these endogenous peptides, the natriuretic peptides and the antimicrobial peptides attracted the most attention. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) were members of the natriuretic peptide system. The antimicrobial peptide S100A7 plays an important role to resist infection of bacteria in mastitis. It is reported that the expression of S100A7 is regulated by an activator protein-1 (AP-1)-responsive promoter. As a subunit of AP-1, c-Jun is a downstream target of CNP/NPR-B signaling pathway. Therefore, it is a hypothesis that the CNP/NPR-B signaling pathway induces the expression and secretion of S100A7 in mammary glands to take part in local mammary gland innate immunity. To verify this hypothesis, goat mammary gland and isolated mammary epithelial cells (MECs) were used to explore the expression of CNP/NPR-B and their physiological roles in goat mammary gland. The results showed that goat mammary gland expressed NPR-B, but not CNP. The expression and secretion of S100A7 in goat MECs were obviously induced by CNP/NPR-B signaling pathway. After treatment with CNP, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in goat MECs was significantly upregulated. Along with the upregulation of cGMP level, the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its target c-Jun were also increased gradually. KT5823 is a specific inhibitor for protein kinase G (PKG). KT5823 remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun induced by CNP. Correspondingly, KT5823 evidently inhibited the expression and secretion of S100A7 induced by CNP. On the other hand, the expression of NPR-B and S100A7 was upregulated in the mastitis goat mammary gland. But, there was no significant difference in expression of CNP between healthy and mastitis goat mammary gland tissues. The goat mastitis model was established in vitro using goat MECs treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment also could increase the expression of NPR-B and S100A7. In conclusion, goat mammary gland expressed NPR-B, indicating mammary gland was the target organ for natriuretic peptide system. Moreover, CNP, through NPR-B/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway to regulate the expression and secretion of S100A7 in MECs, played an important role in mammary gland innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yutong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Baohua Ma
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Qiang Wei
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsuji K. Reply: Letter to the editor. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2535-2536. [PMID: 33783018 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regan JT, Mirczuk SM, Scudder CJ, Stacey E, Khan S, Worwood M, Powles T, Dennis-Beron JS, Ginley-Hidinger M, McGonnell IM, Volk HA, Strickland R, Tivers MS, Lawson C, Lipscomb VJ, Fowkes RC. Sensitivity of the Natriuretic Peptide/cGMP System to Hyperammonaemia in Rat C6 Glioma Cells and GPNT Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020398. [PMID: 33672024 PMCID: PMC7919485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the major natriuretic peptide of the central nervous system and acts via its selective guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B) receptor to regulate cGMP production in neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells. CNP is implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis, axonal bifurcation, as well as learning and memory. Several neurological disorders result in toxic concentrations of ammonia (hyperammonaemia), which can adversely affect astrocyte function. However, the relationship between CNP and hyperammonaemia is poorly understood. Here, we examine the molecular and pharmacological control of CNP in rat C6 glioma cells and rat GPNT brain endothelial cells, under conditions of hyperammonaemia. Concentration-dependent inhibition of C6 glioma cell proliferation by hyperammonaemia was unaffected by CNP co-treatment. Furthermore, hyperammonaemia pre-treatment (for 1 h and 24 h) caused a significant inhibition in subsequent CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation in both C6 and GPNT cells, whereas nitric-oxide-dependent cGMP accumulation was not affected. CNP-stimulated cGMP efflux from C6 glioma cells was significantly reduced under conditions of hyperammonaemia, potentially via a mechanism involving changed in phosphodiesterase expression. Hyperammonaemia-stimulated ROS production was unaffected by CNP but enhanced by a nitric oxide donor in C6 cells. Extracellular vesicle production from C6 cells was enhanced by hyperammonaemia, and these vesicles caused impaired CNP-stimulated cGMP signalling in GPNT cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate functional interaction between CNP signalling and hyperammonaemia in C6 glioma and GPNT cells, but the exact mechanisms remain to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Regan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Samantha M. Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Emily Stacey
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Sabah Khan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Michael Worwood
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Torinn Powles
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - J. Sebastian Dennis-Beron
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Matthew Ginley-Hidinger
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Imelda M. McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Kleintiere, Bünteweg, 930559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rhiannon Strickland
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Michael S. Tivers
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village Paragon Way, Red Hall Cres, Wakefield WF1 2DF, UK;
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Victoria J. Lipscomb
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Robert C. Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-468-1215
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prickett TC, A Espiner E. Circulating products of C-type natriuretic peptide and links with organ function in health and disease. Peptides 2020; 132:170363. [PMID: 32634451 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine actions of CNP and rapid degradation at source severely limit study of CNP's many roles in vivo. However provided sensitive and validated assays are used, there is increasing evidence that low concentrations of bioactive CNP in plasma, and the readily detectable concentrations of the bio-inactive processed product of proCNP (aminoterminal proCNP), can be used to advance understanding of the hormone's role in pathophysiology. Provided renal function is normal, concordant changes in both CNP and NTproCNP reflect change in tissue production of proCNP whereas change in CNP alone results from altered rates of bioactive CNP degradation and are reflected in the ratio of NTproCNP to CNP. As already shown in juveniles, where plasma concentration of CNP products are higher and are associated with concurrent endochondral bone growth, measurements of plasma CNP products in mature adults have potential to clarify organ response to stress and injury. Excepting the role of CNP in fetal-maternal welfare, this review examines evidence linking plasma CNP products with function of a wide range of tissues in adults, including the impact of extraneous factors such as nutrients, hormone therapy and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cr Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand.
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed A, Gulino A, Amayo S, Arancio W, Florena AM, Belmonte B, Jurjus A, Leone A, Miletich I. Natriuretic peptide system expression in murine and human submandibular salivary glands: a study of the spatial localisation of ANB, BNP, CNP and their receptors. J Mol Histol 2019; 51:3-13. [PMID: 31722080 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide (NP) system comprises of three ligands, the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), Brain Natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type Natriuretic peptide (CNP), and three natriuretic peptide receptors, NPRA, NPRB and NPRC. Here we present a comprehensive study of the natriuretic peptide system in healthy murine and human submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). We show CNP is the dominant NP in mouse and human SMG and is expressed together with NP receptors in ducts, autonomic nerves and the microvasculature of the gland, suggesting CNP autocrine signalling may take place in some of these glandular structures. These data suggest the NP system may control salivary gland function during homeostasis through the regulation of electrolyte re-absorption, neural stimulation and/or blood vessel wall contraction/relaxation. We also show abnormal expression of NPRA in the stroma of a subset of human SMGs resected from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of non-salivary gland origin. This finding warrants further research to investigate a possible correlation between early OSCC invasion and NPRA overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araz Ahmed
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna E Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simita Amayo
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Walter Arancio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Florena
- Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna E Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna E Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Angelo Leone
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Bi.N.D, School of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prickett TCR, Spittlehouse JK, Miller AL, Liau Y, Kennedy MA, Cameron VA, Pearson JF, Boden JM, Troughton RW, Espiner EA. Contrasting signals of cardiovascular health among natriuretic peptides in subjects without heart disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12108. [PMID: 31431677 PMCID: PMC6702214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic Peptides (NP) are important in maintaining normal cardiac and metabolic status and have been used to predict cardiovascular events. Whether plasma concentrations of NP products within the normal range reflect cardio-metabolic health is unknown. Plasma NTproANP, NTproBNP and NTproCNP and their bioactive counterparts were measured in a random sample of 348 community dwellers aged 49-51 yr without heart disease and associations sought with established vascular risk factors, echocardiographic indices and a genetic variant previously linked with BNP. Stratified by sex, each of ten vascular risk factors were positively associated with NTproCNP whereas associations with NTproBNP and NTproANP were all negative. In both sexes, higher plasma NTproCNP was associated with higher arterial elastance, lower LV stroke volume and lower LV end diastolic volume. Exactly opposite associations were found with plasma NTproBNP or NTproANP. Sex specific differences were identified: positive association of NTproBNP with LV end systolic volume and the negative association with LV elastance were found only in males. The genetic variant rs198358 was independently associated with NTproBNP but not with NTproANP. In conclusion, higher NTproCNP is likely to be an adaptive response to impaired LV relaxation whereas genetic factors likely contribute to higher NTproBNP and improved cardio-metabolic health at midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison L Miller
- Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yusmiati Liau
- Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vicky A Cameron
- Departments of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John F Pearson
- Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Eric A Espiner
- Departments of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moyes AJ, Hobbs AJ. C-type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2281. [PMID: 31072047 PMCID: PMC6539462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an autocrine and paracrine mediator released by endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that regulates vital physiological functions in the cardiovascular system. These roles are conveyed via two cognate receptors, natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), which activate different signalling pathways that mediate complementary yet distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, CNP has been deemed the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system, while its sibling peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are considered the endocrine guardians of cardiac function and blood volume. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CNP not only modulates vascular tone and blood pressure, but also governs a wide range of cardiovascular effects including the control of inflammation, angiogenesis, smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac electrophysiology. This review will focus on the novel physiological functions ascribed to CNP, the receptors/signalling mechanisms involved in mediating its cardioprotective effects, and the development of therapeutics targeting CNP signalling pathways in different disease pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|