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Saadat M, Dahmardeh N, Sheikhbahaei F, Mokhtari T. Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone and its nanoformulations in neuropsychological disorders: a comprehensive review on molecular mechanisms in preclinical studies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3541-3564. [PMID: 38010395 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (THQ) and its nanoformulation (NFs) have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of neurological diseases due to their diverse pharmacological properties, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we conducted an extensive search across reputable scientific websites such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar to gather relevant information. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of THQ have been observed to enhance the survival of neurons in affected areas of the brain, leading to significant improvements in behavioral and motor dysfunctions. Moreover, THQ and its NFs have demonstrated the capacity to restore antioxidant enzymes and mitigate oxidative stress. The primary mechanism underlying THQ's antioxidant effects involves the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, THQ has been found to modulate key components of inflammatory signaling pathways, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This comprehensive review explores the various beneficial effects of THQ and its NFs on neurological disorders and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saadat
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narjes Dahmardeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhbahaei
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Nanoparticles loaded with pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113214. [PMID: 36893664 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active natural products have played a significant role in the history of drug development. They have acted as sources of therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, most natural products suffer from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting their clinical applications. The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up new directions for applying natural products and numerous studies have explored the biomedical applications of nanomaterials loaded with natural products. This review covers the recent research on applying plant-derived natural products (PDNPs) nanomaterials, including nanomedicines loaded with flavonoids, non-flavonoid polyphenols, alkaloids, and quinones, especially their use in treating various diseases. Furthermore, some drugs derived from natural products can be toxic to the body, so the toxicity of them is discussed. This comprehensive review includes fundamental discoveries and exploratory advances in natural product-loaded nanomaterials that may be helpful for future clinical development.
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El-Sayed SAES, Rizk MA. COVID-19 and Thymoquinone: Clinical Benefits, Cure, and Challenges. BIOMED 2023; 3:59-76. [DOI: 10.3390/biomed3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In today’s world, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and several associated complications in various organs (heart, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract), as well as significant multiple organ dysfunction, shock, and even death. In order to overcome the serious complications associated with this pandemic virus and to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell, it is necessary to repurpose currently available drugs with a broad medicinal application as soon as they become available. There are several therapeutics under investigation for improving the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients, but none of them has demonstrated clinical efficacy to date, which is disappointing. It is in this pattern that Nigella sativa seeds manifest their extensive therapeutic effects, which have been reported to be particularly effective in the treatment of skin diseases, jaundice, and gastrointestinal problems. One important component of these seeds is thymoquinone (TQ), which has a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antibacterial and parasitic properties, in addition to anticarcinogenic, antiallergic, and antiviral properties. This comprehensive review discussed the possibility of an emerging natural drug with a wide range of medical applications; the use of TQ to overcome the complications of COVID-19 infection; and the challenges that are impeding the commercialization of this promising phytochemical compound. TQ is recommended as a highly effective weapon in the fight against the novel coronavirus because of its dual antiviral action, in addition to its capacity to lessen the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 penetration into cells. However, future clinical trials are required to confirm the role of TQ in overcoming the complications of COVID-19 infection.
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Florensa M, Llenas M, Medina-Gutiérrez E, Sandoval S, Tobías-Rossell G. Key Parameters for the Rational Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122703. [PMID: 36559195 PMCID: PMC9788600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, research on silica nanoparticles has rapidly increased. Particularly on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), as nanocarriers for the treatment of various diseases because of their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The use of MSNs combined with therapeutic agents can provide better encapsulation and effective delivery. MSNs as nanocarriers might also be a promising tool to lower the therapeutic dosage levels and thereby to reduce undesired side effects. Researchers have explored several routes to conjugate both imaging and therapeutic agents onto MSNs, thus expanding their potential as theranostic platforms, in order to allow for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This review introduces a general overview of recent advances in the field of silica nanoparticles. In particular, the review tackles the fundamental aspects of silicate materials, including a historical presentation to new silicates and then focusing on the key parameters that govern the tailored synthesis of functional MSNs. Finally, the biomedical applications of MSNs are briefly revised, along with their biocompatibility, biodistribution and degradation. This review aims to provide the reader with the tools for a rational design of biocompatible MSNs for their application in the biomedical field. Particular attention is paid to the role that the synthesis conditions have on the physicochemical properties of the resulting MSNs, which, in turn, will determine their pharmacological behavior. Several recent examples are highlighted to stress the potential that MSNs hold as drug delivery systems, for biomedical imaging, as vaccine adjuvants and as theragnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Sandoval
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.T.-R.); Tel.: +34-(93)-5801853 (S.S. & G.T.-R.)
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Fahmy HM, Ahmed MM, Mohamed AS, Shams-Eldin E, Abd El-Daim TM, El-Feky AS, Mustafa AB, Abd Alrahman MW, Mohammed FF, Fathy MM. Novel lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with thymoquinone formulation to increase its bioavailability in the brain and organs of Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:71. [PMID: 36163187 PMCID: PMC9511777 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a filter for most medications and blocks their passage into the brain. More effective drug delivery strategies are urgently needed to transport medications into the brain. This study investigated the biodistribution of thymoquinone (TQ) and the effect on enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress indicators in different brain regions, either in free form or incorporated into nanocarriers as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Lipid bilayer-coated MSNs. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSNs and LB-MSNs were synthesized and characterized using a transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering to determine the particle size and zeta potential. TQ encapsulation efficiency and TQ's release profile from LB-MSNs were also examined. The impact of loading LB-MSNs with TQ-on-TQ delivery to different brain areas was examined using chromatographic measurement. Furthermore, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase were evaluated as oxidant and antioxidant stress biomarkers. KEY FINDINGS The LB-MSNs formulation successfully transported TQ to several areas of the brain, liver, and kidney, revealing a considerable increase in TQ delivery in the thalamus (81.74%) compared with that in the free TQ group and a considerable reduction in the cortex (-44%). The LB-MSNs formulation had no significant effect on TQ delivery in the cerebellum, striatum, liver, and kidney. SIGNIFICANCE TQ was redistributed in different brain areas after being encapsulated in LB-MSNs, indicating that LB-MSNs have the potential to be developed as a drug delivery system for selective clinical application of specific brain regions. CONCLUSIONS LB-MSNs are capable nanoplatforms that can be used to target medications precisely to specific brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M Ahmed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gamma Street, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amena S El-Feky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Amira B Mustafa
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai W Abd Alrahman
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten F Mohammed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Fathy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R, Haron MH, Das S, Lin TS. Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1498-1518. [PMID: 34923947 PMCID: PMC9881085 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211217163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kah Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Huzaimi Haron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +603-91458635; E-mail:
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Fahmy HM, Mohamed ER, Hussein AA, Khadrawy YA, Ahmed NA. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Gallic acid on reserpine-induced depression in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:40. [PMID: 35705968 PMCID: PMC9199140 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study evaluates the free gallic acid (GA) and GA-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) antidepressant efficacy in a rat model of depression caused by reserpine. Methods By using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential, MSNs and GA-loaded MSNs were characterized. The efficiency of encapsulation and the release of GA-loaded MSNs were also investigated. The effect of GA, either in its free form or loaded on (MSNs) on oxidative stress biomarkers and monoamine neurotransmitters levels (serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NEP), and dopamine (DA)), were evaluated in these areas (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus) of control, a depression model of rat, a depression model of rat treated with either free GA, MSNs or GA loaded MSNs. The forced swimming test (FST) also the open field test (OFT) were carried out to evaluate the behavioral changes in all groups. Results Reserpine caused a decrease in the time spent in motor and swimming activity besides increasing the time of immobility, as demonstrated by OFT and FST. Significantly reductions in 5-HT, NEP, and DA were obtained in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum of reserpine-treated rats. Free GA was more effective in increasing the serotonin level in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, while GA-loaded MSNs were more effective in increasing it in the striatum. GA-loaded MSNs also increased the level of NEP in the four studied brain areas. Free GA increased dopamine levels in the cortex and striatum, whereas GA-loaded MSNs increased DA levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus compared with the depressed untreated group. Conclusions MSNs can be used as a drug delivery system to target GA selectively to specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman R Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida A Hussein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawal A Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Chen J, Jin J, Li K, Shi L, Wen X, Fang F. Progresses and Prospects of Neuroprotective Agents-Loaded Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Material in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:868323. [PMID: 35480961 PMCID: PMC9035592 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.868323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability, while the main mechanisms of dominant neurological damage in stroke contain excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The clinical application of many neuroprotective agents is limited mainly due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), short half-life and low bioavailability. These disadvantages can be better eliminated/reduced by nanoparticle as the carrier of these drugs. This review expounded the currently hot researched nanomedicines from the perspective of the mechanism of ischemic stroke. In addition, this review describes the bionic nanomedicine delivery strategies containing cells, cell membrane vesicles and exosomes that can effectively avoid the risk of clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. The potential challenges and application prospect for clinical translation of these delivery platforms were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Wen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehua Wen,
| | - Fuquan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Fuquan Fang,
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Fateh Basharzad S, Hamidi M, Maleki A, Karami Z, Mohamadpour H, Reza Saghatchi Zanjani M. Polysorbate-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an efficient carrier for improved rivastigmine brain delivery. Brain Res 2022; 1781:147786. [PMID: 35041841 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of neurological therapeutic to the brain has been attracting more and more attention to the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nonetheless, the main obstacle in this road map is the existence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) which limits the penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma. This present investigation describes a facile synthetic strategy to prepare a highly biocompatible calcium-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized by polysorbate-80 (PS) as targeting ligand to deliver rivastigmine (RV) into the brain via crossing the BBB. The developed nanosystem was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, and N2-adsorption-desorption analysis. In vitro hemolysis studies were carried out to confirm the biocompatibility of the nanocarriers. Our in vivo studies in an animal model of rats showed that the RV-loaded nanosystem was able to enhance the brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, brain uptake clearance, and plasma elimination half-life of the drug compared to the free one drug following intravenous (IV) administration. The results revealed that functionalization of MSNs by PS is crucial to deliver RV into the brain, suggesting PS-functionalized MSNs could be an effective carrier to deliver RV to the brain while overcoming BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Fateh Basharzad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohamadpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Liu Y, Xie L, Gao M, Zhang R, Gao J, Sun J, Chai Q, Wu T, Liang K, Chen P, Wan Q, Kong B. Super-Assembled Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Frameworks for Real-Time Hypoxia-Triggered Drug Release and Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50246-50257. [PMID: 34637262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, induced by inadequate oxygen supply, is a key indication of various major illnesses, which necessitates the need to develop new nanoprobes capable of sensing hypoxia environments for the targeted system monitoring and drug delivery. Herein, we report a hypoxia-responsive, periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanocarrier for repairing hypoxia damage. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) capped azobenzene functionalization on the PMO surface could be effectively cleaved by azoreductase under a hypoxia environment. Moreover, the nanosystem is equipped with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair (tetrastyrene derivative (TPE) covalently attached to the PMO framework as the donor and Rhodamine B (RhB) in the mesopores as the receptor) for intracellular visualization and tracking of drug release in real-time. The design of intelligent nanocarriers capable of simultaneous reporting and treating of hypoxia conditions highlights a great potential in the biomedical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Zhang
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Chai
- Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Nehra M, Uthappa UT, Kumar V, Kumar R, Dixit C, Dilbaghi N, Mishra YK, Kumar S, Kaushik A. Nanobiotechnology-assisted therapies to manage brain cancer in personalized manner. J Control Release 2021; 338:224-243. [PMID: 34418523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous investigated factors that limit brain cancer treatment efficacy such as ability of prescribed therapy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tumor specific delivery of a therapeutics, transport within brain interstitium, and resistance of tumor cells against therapies. Recent breakthroughs in the field of nano-biotechnology associated with developing multifunctional nano-theranostic emerged as an effective way to manage brain cancer in terms of higher efficacy and least possible adverse effects. Keeping challenges and state-of-art accomplishments into consideration, this review proposes a comprehensive, careful, and critical discussion focused on efficient nano-enabled platforms including nanocarriers for drug delivery across the BBB and nano-assisted therapies (e.g., nano-immunotherapy, nano-stem cell therapy, and nano-gene therapy) investigated for brain cancer treatment. Besides therapeutic efficacy point-of-view, efforts are being made to explore ways projected to tune such developed nano-therapeutic for treating patients in personalized manner via controlling size, drug loading, delivery, and retention. Personalized brain tumor management based on advanced nano-therapies can potentially lead to excellent therapeutic benefits based on unique genetic signatures in patients and their individual disease profile. Moreover, applicability of nano-systems as stimulants to manage the brain cancer growth factors has also been discussed in photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive information on emerging opportunities in nanotechnology for advancing the brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Chandra Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, United States.
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Zhang L, Feng G, Yang S, Liu B, Niu Y, Fan P, Liu Z, Chen J, Cui L, Zhou G, Jing H, Liu J, Shen Y. Polyethylenimine-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Induce a Survival Mechanism in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Microvesicle-Mediated Autophagosome Release. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10640-10658. [PMID: 34080832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention as promising materials for biomolecule delivery. However, the lack of detailed evaluation relevant to the potential cytotoxicity of these MSNs is still a major obstacle for their applications. Unlike the bare MSNs and amino- or liposome-modified MSNs, we found that polyethylenimine-modified MSNs (MSNs-PEI) had no obvious toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at the concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. However, MSNs-PEI induced autophagosomes accumulation by blocking their fusion with lysosomes, an essential mechanism for the cytotoxicity of many nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, we predicted that an alternative pathway for autophagosome clearance exists in HUVECs to relieve autophagic stress induced by MSNs-PEI. We found that MSNs-PEI prevented STX17 loading onto autophagosomes instead of influencing lysosomal pH or proteolytic activity. MSNs-PEI induced the structural alternation of the cytoskeleton but did not cause endoplasmic reticulum stress. The accumulated autophagosomes were released to the extracellular space via microvesicles (MVs) when the autophagic degradation was blocked by MSNs-PEI. More importantly, blockade of either autophagosome formation or release caused the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive ROS production in the MSNs-PEI-treated HUVECs, which in turn led to cell death. Thus, we propose here that the MV-mediated autophagosome release, a compensation mechanism, allows the vascular endothelial cell survival when the degradation of autophagosomes is blocked by MSNs-PEI. Accordingly, promoting the release of accumulated autophagosomes may be a protective strategy against the endothelial toxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaoqing Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuoye Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yakun Niu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei Fan
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liuqing Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangzhou Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Jing
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunpeng Shen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Cho DY, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6680935. [PMID: 34122727 PMCID: PMC8169248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative chronic disease affecting both cognitive performance and motor functions in aged people. Yet despite the prevalence of this disease, the current therapeutic options for the management of PD can only alleviate motor symptoms. Research has explored novel substances for naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with potential therapeutic benefits for PD patients through their neuroprotective mechanism, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotrophic factor deficit, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with neuroprotective or therapeutic activities in PD, focusing on their neuropharmacological mechanisms, including modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, growth factor induction, neurotransmitter activity, direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, prevention of protein aggregation via modulation of protein folding, modification of cell signaling pathways, enhanced systemic immunity, autophagy, and proteasome activity. In addition, we provide data showing the relationship between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PD is supported by studies demonstrating that antiparkinsonian phytochemicals can activate the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and Nrf2-dependent protein expression, preventing cellular oxidative damage and PD. Furthermore, we explore several experimental models that evaluated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidant phytochemical derivatives for their inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the nanodelivery of antioxidant phytochemicals and its neuroprotective application against pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. In conclusion, naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals can be considered as future pharmaceutical drug candidates to potentially alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of PD. However, further well-designed clinical studies are required to evaluate the protective and therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals as promising drugs in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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14
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AbouAitah K, Lojkowski W. Delivery of Natural Agents by Means of Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as a Promising Anticancer Strategy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:143. [PMID: 33499150 PMCID: PMC7912645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs derived from different natural origins (e.g., medicinal plants, microbes, animals) have a long history in traditional medicine. They exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. They have potential as safe, cost-effective treatments with few side effects, but are lacking in solubility, bioavailability, specific targeting and have short half-lives. These are barriers to clinical application. Nanomedicine has the potential to offer solutions to circumvent these limitations and allow the use of natural pro-drugs in cancer therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of various morphology have attracted considerable attention in the search for targeted drug delivery systems. MSNs are characterized by chemical stability, easy synthesis and functionalization, large surface area, tunable pore sizes and volumes, good biocompatibility, controlled drug release under different conditions, and high drug-loading capacity, enabling multifunctional purposes. In vivo pre-clinical evaluations, a significant majority of results indicate the safety profile of MSNs if they are synthesized in an optimized way. Here, we present an overview of synthesis methods, possible surface functionalization, cellular uptake, biodistribution, toxicity, loading strategies, delivery designs with controlled release, and cancer targeting and discuss the future of anticancer nanotechnology-based natural prodrug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Tong Y, Zhang L, Gong R, Shi J, Zhong L, Duan X, Zhu Y. A ROS-scavenging multifunctional nanoparticle for combinational therapy of diabetic nephropathy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23607-23619. [PMID: 33210670 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although synergistic therapy for diabetes mellitus has displayed significant promise for the effective treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), developing a simple and effective strategy to construct multifunctional nanoparticles is still a huge challenge. Moreover, the complicated pathological mechanism of DN involves various pathway dysfunctions that limit the effectiveness of a single therapeutic approach. Herein, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposite (HMSN) particles doped with trace cerium oxide that exhibit renoprotective activity have been designed, which not only have the ability to prevent ROS-associated DN pathogenesis but also have high drug loading capacity. Interestingly, the metformin (MET) loaded multifunctional nanoparticles (MET-HMSN-CeO2) with a special size exhibited significantly increased kidney accumulation over free MET. Moreover, the cyclic conversion between Ce3+ and Ce4+ of mixed-valence ceria in our system provides the possibility for long-term ROS-scavenging activity to achieve the antioxidative effect. Then, we investigated the renoprotective effect of these nanoparticles on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced renal injury rat model and high-glucose induced NRK-52E cell damage model. As a result, our findings demonstrated that the nanoparticles could alleviate the DN symptoms by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing cellular apoptosis and protecting renal injury both in vitro and in vivo. The kidney deficits of DN are significantly improved after treatment with MET-HMSN-CeO2. Overall, our studies indicated that the MET-HMSN-CeO2 multifunctional nanoparticles would be a promising therapeutic candidate for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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16
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Chauhan PS, Yadav D, Koul B, Mohanta YK, Jin JO. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology: A Novel Therapeutic System for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1144-1151. [PMID: 33234100 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201124140518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation in the brain is known to be the root cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the behavior, memory, and cognitive ability in humans. The brain starts undergoing changes several years before the actual appearance of the symptoms. Nanotechnology could prove to be an alternative strategy for treating the disease effectively. It encompasses the diagnosis as well as the therapeutic aspect using validated biomarkers and nano-based drug delivery systems, respectively. A nano-based therapy may provide an alternate strategy, wherein one targets the protofibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) structures, and this is followed by their disaggregation as random coils. Conventional/routine drug therapies are inefficient in crossing the blood-brain barrier; however, this hurdle can be overcome with the aid of nanoparticles. The present review highlights the various challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Meticulous and collaborative research using nanotherapeutic systems could provide remarkable breakthroughs in the early-stage diagnosis and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, 474005, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Orissa University Baripada- 757003, India
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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17
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Asha Spandana K, Bhaskaran M, Karri V, Natarajan J. A comprehensive review of nano drug delivery system in the treatment of CNS disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged in December 2019 in China, causing deadly (5% mortality) pandemic pneumonia, termed COVID-19. More than one host-cell receptor is reported to be recognized by the viral spike protein, among them is the cell-surface Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5), also termed GRP78 or BiP. Upon viral infection, HSPA5 is upregulated, then translocating to the cell membrane where it is subjected to be recognized by the SARS-CoV-2 spike. In this study, some natural product compounds are tested against the HSPA5 substrate-binding domain β (SBDβ), which reported to be the recognition site for the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used to test some natural compounds binding to HSPA5 SBDβ. The results show high to a moderate binding affinity for the phytoestrogens (Diadiazin, Genistein, Formontein, and Biochanin A), chlorogenic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, hydroxytyrosol, cis-p-Coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, thymoquinone, and some physiological hormones such as estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and cholesterol to the HSPA5 SBDβ. Based on its binding affinities, the phytoestrogens and estrogens are the best in binding HSPA5, hence may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the stressed cells. These compounds can be successful as anti-COVID-19 agents for people with a high risk of cell stress like elders, cancer patients, and front-line medical staff.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A Elfiky
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Revisiting the blood-brain barrier: A hard nut to crack in the transportation of drug molecules. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:121-140. [PMID: 32315731 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barriers are the hallmark of a healthy physiology, blood-brain barrier (BBB) being a tough nut to crack for most of the antigens and chemical substances. The presence of tight junctions plays a remarkable role in defending the brain from antigenic and pathogenic attacks. BBB constitutes a diverse assemblage of multiple physical and chemical barriers that judiciously restrict the flux of blood solutes into and out of the brain. Restrictions through the paracellular pathway and the tight junctions between intercellular clefts, together create well regulated metabolic and transport barricades, critical to brain pathophysiology. The brain being impermeable to many essential metabolites and nutrients regulates transportation via specialized transport systems across the endothelial abluminal and luminal membranes. The epithelial cells enveloping capillaries of the choroid plexus regulates the transport of complement, growth factors, hormones, microelements, peptides and trace elements into ventricles. Nerve terminals, microglia, and pericytes associated with the endothelium support barrier induction and function, ensuring an optimally stable ionic microenvironment that facilitates neurotransmission, orchestrated by multiple ion channels (Na+, K+ Mg2+, Ca2+) and transporters. Brain pathology which can develop due to genetic mutations or secondary to other cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative diseases can cause aberration in the microvasculature of CNS which is the uniqueness of BBB. This can also alter BBB permeation and result in BBB breakdown and other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The concluding section outlines contemporary trends in drug discovery, focusing on molecular determinants of BBB permeation and novel drug-delivery systems, such as dendrimers, liposomes, nanoparticles, nanogels, etc.
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20
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Fahmy HM, Aly EM, Mohamed FF, Noor NA, Elsayed AA. Neurotoxicity of green- synthesized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in different brain areas of wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 77:80-93. [PMID: 31899250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which were synthesized using carob leaf extract on various brain areas of Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Carob leaf synthesized-MIONs were characterized using different techniques: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The toxicity of MIONs in vivo was evaluated by: monitoring rat's body weight, measuring iron content in different brain areas, evaluating some oxidative stress parameters, estimating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in addition to histopathological investigations. KEY FINDINGS The present study demonstrated no body weight changes of MIONs- treated rats. According to the conditions of the present study, the hippocampus and striatum were the most affected areas and demonstrated neuronal degeneration due to MIONs exposure. MIONs treatment of Wistar rats, also affected the iron homeostasis in both striatum and midbrain by decreasing iron content in these areas. The least affected areas were thalamus and cerebellum. The histopathological examination of brain areas demonstrated moderate neuronal degeneration in hippocampus and striatum, mild neuronal degeneration in cortex and slight degeneration in hypothalamus and pons-medulla areas were detected. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggested that MIONs have a toxic impact on different brain areas and the effect varies according to the brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Aly
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten F Mohamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Noor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anwar A Elsayed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Thymoquinone and Evaluation of Their Radio-Sensitizing Activity. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Alexander A, Agrawal M, Uddin A, Siddique S, Shehata AM, Shaker MA, Ata Ur Rahman S, Abdul MIM, Shaker MA. Recent expansions of novel strategies towards the drug targeting into the brain. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5895-5909. [PMID: 31440051 PMCID: PMC6679699 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders always remains a challenge for the researchers. The presence of various physiological barriers, primarily the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the accessibility of the brain and hinders the efficacy of various drug therapies. Hence, drug targeting to the brain, particularly to the diseased cells by circumventing the physiological barriers is essential to develop a promising therapy for the treatment of brain disorders. Presently, the investigations emphasize the role of different nanocarrier systems or surface modified target specific novel carrier system to improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of the brain therapeutics. Such approaches supposed to circumvent the BBB or have the ability to cross the barrier function and thus increases the drug concentration in the brain. Although the efficacy of novel carrier system depends upon various physiological factors like active efflux transport, protein corona of the brain, stability, and toxicity of the nanocarrier, physicochemical properties, patient-related factors and many more. Hence, to develop a promising carrier system, it is essential to understand the physiology of the brain and BBB and also the other associated factors. Along with this, some alternative route like direct nose-to-brain drug delivery can also offer a better means to access the brain without exposure of the BBB. In this review, we have discussed the role of various physiological barriers including the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) on the drug therapy and the mechanism of drug transport across the BBB. Further, we discussed different novel strategies for brain targeting of drug including, polymeric nanoparticles, lipidic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, nanogels, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, quantum dots, etc. along with the intranasal drug delivery to the brain. We have also illustrated various factors affecting the drug targeting efficiency of the developed novel carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajaz Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sabahuddin Siddique
- Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmed M Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohi Iqbal M Abdul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shaker
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Sábio RM, Meneguin AB, Ribeiro TC, Silva RR, Chorilli M. New insights towards mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a technological platform for chemotherapeutic drugs delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:379-409. [PMID: 31028801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) displays interesting properties for biomedical applications such as high chemical stability, large surface area and tunable pores diameters and volumes, allowing the incorporation of large amounts of drugs, protecting them from deactivation and degradation processes acting as an excellent nanoplatform for drug delivery. However, the functional MSNs do not present the ability to transport the therapeutics without any leakage until reach the targeted cells causing side effects. On the other hand, the hydroxyls groups available on MSNs surface allows the conjugation of specific molecules which can binds to the overexpressed Enhanced Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in many tumors, representing a potential strategy for the cancer treatment. Beyond that, the targeting molecules conjugate onto mesoporous surface increase its cell internalization and act as gatekeepers blocking the mesopores controlling the drug release. In this context, multifunctional MSNs emerge as stimuli-responsive controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) to overcome drawbacks as low internalization, premature release before to reach the region of interest, several side effects and low effectiveness of the current treatments. This review presents an overview of MSNs fabrication methods and its properties that affects drug delivery as well as stimuli-responsive CDDS for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Sábio
- São Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Andréia B Meneguin
- São Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Taís C Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Robson R Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering - Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil.
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