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Yu J, Lü W, Zhang L, Chen X, Xu R, Jiang Q, Zhu X. Effects of Vibrio harveyi infection on the biochemistry, histology and transcriptome in the hepatopancreas of ivory shell (Babylonia areolata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109856. [PMID: 39179186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) is one of the most promising high quality marine products. However, ivory shell is susceptible to Vibrio harveyi infection during the culture period. In this study, we investigated the biochemical indicators, histological changes and transcriptomic response in the hepatopancreas of ivory shells from the PBS control group (PC) and infection group (A3) with 1 × 109 CFU/mL V. harveyi after 24 h. Results showed that compared to the PC group, biochemical indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), acid phosphatase (ACP), and Caspase 3 (Casp-3) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in A3 group after V. harveyi infection for 24 h. Compared with the PC group, the hepatopancreas of A3 group were seriously damaged, the columnar epithelial cells of the tissue were enlarged, the space of digestive cells was increased, and vacuolar cavities appeared. A total of 95,581 unigenes were obtained and 2949 (1787 up-regulated and 1162 down-regulated) differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the A3 group. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in immune system process (GO:0002376), antioxidant activity (GO:0016209), lysosome (ko04142), toll and IMD signaling pathway (ko04624), and etc. These biological functions and pathways are associated with immune and inflammatory responses and apoptosis. 12 DEGs were randomly selected for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and the expression profiles of these DEGs were consistent with the transcriptome data, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the transcriptome results. In summary, V. harveyi infection of ivory shells inducing oxidative stress, leading to severe hepatopancreatic damage, stimulating glutathione production to neutralize excessive ROS, and stimulating antimicrobial peptides production to counteract the deleterious effects of bacterial infection, which in turn modifying the immune and inflammatory response, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. This study provided valuable information to explore the immune regulation mechanism after V. harveyi infection and established molecular basis to support the prevention of V. harveyi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengang Lü
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Invertebrates, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
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Liu S, Lu P, Yang B, Yang Y, Zhou H, Yang M. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in PD-1-induced renal toxicity in patients with lung cancer. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:307. [PMID: 39277735 PMCID: PMC11401319 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the patient survival rate for many malignancies has been improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), some patients experience various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). IrAEs impact several organ systems, including the kidney. With anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy (pembrolizumab), kidney-related adverse events occur relatively rarely compared with other irAEs. However, the occurrence of AKI usually leads to anti-PD-1 therapy interruption or discontinuation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the mechanisms of renal irAEs (R-irAEs) to facilitate early management. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in R-irAEs. METHODS PBMCs were collected from three patients who developed R-irAEs after anti-PD-1 therapy and three patients who did not. The PBMCs were subjected to scRNA-seq to identify cell clusters and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the most active biological processes in immune cells. RESULTS Fifteen cell clusters were identified across the two groups. FOS, RPS26, and JUN were the top three upregulated genes in CD4+ T cells. The DEGs in CD4+ T cells were enriched in Th17 differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, NF-kappa B, Nod-like receptor, TNF, IL-17, apoptosis, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathways. RPS26, TRBV25-1, and JUN were the top three upregulated genes in CD8+ T cells. The DEGs in CD8+ T cells were enriched in Th17 cell differentiation, antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the intestinal immune network for IgA production, the T-cell receptor signalling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, the phagosome, and cell adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, R-irAEs are associated with immune cell dysfunction. DEGs and their enriched pathways identified in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells play important roles in the development of renal irAEs related to anti-PD-1 therapy. These findings offer fresh perspectives on the pathogenesis of renal damage caused by anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Peiyu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Bixia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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Xu S, Liu H, Li X, Zhao J, Wang J, Crans DC, Yang X. Approaches to selective and potent inhibition of glioblastoma by vanadyl complexes: Inducing mitotic catastrophe and methuosis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112610. [PMID: 38761580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major problem for cancer chemotherapy, especially for glioblastoma multiforme that is aggressive, heterogeneous and recurrent with <3% of a five-year survival and limited methods of clinical treatment. To overcome the problem, great efforts have recently been put in searching for agents inducing death of tumor cells via various non-apoptotic pathways. In the present work, we report for the first time that vanadyl complexes, i.e. bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium (IV) (VO(acac)2), can cause mitotic catastrophe and methuotic death featured by catastrophic macropinocytic vacuole accumulation particularly in glioblastoma cells (GCs). Hence, VO(acac)2 strongly suppressed growth of GCs with both in vitro (IC50 = 4-6 μM) and in vivo models, and is much more potent than the current standard-of-care drug Temozolomide. The selective index is as high as ∼10 or more on GCs over normal neural cells. Importantly, GCs respond well to vanadium treatment regardless whether they are carrying IDH1 wild type gene that causes drug resistance. VO(acac)2 may induce methuosis via the Rac-Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, VO(acac)2-induced methuosis is not through a immunogenicity mechanism, making vanadyl complexes safe for interventional therapy. Overall, our results may encourage development of novel vanadium complexes promising for treatment of neural malignant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huixue Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
| | - Xiaoda Yang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; SATCM Key Laboratory of Compound Drug Detoxification, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lehtola T, Nummenmaa E, Nieminen R, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone alleviates allergic inflammation through a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1-dependent mechanism in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:686-694. [PMID: 38439200 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids have a widespread action on gene expression resulting in their pharmacological actions and also an array of adverse effects which limit their clinical use. It remains, however, to be studied which target gene effects are essential for the anti-allergic activity of glucocorticoids. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) inhibits proinflammatory signalling by suppressing the activity of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways. MKP-1 is one of the anti-inflammatory genes whose expression is enhanced by glucocorticoids. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of MKP-1 in the therapeutic effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in acute allergic reaction. The effects of dexamethasone were studied in wild-type and MKP-1 deficient mice. The mice were first sensitized to ovalbumin, and the allergic reaction was then induced by a subcutaneous ovalbumin injection in the hind paw. Inflammatory edema was quantified with plethysmometer and expression of inflammatory factors was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dexamethasone reduced the ovalbumin-induced paw edema at 1.5, 3 and 6 h time points in wild-type mice by 70%, 95% and 89%, respectively. The effect was largely abolished in MKP-1 deficient mice. Furthermore, dexamethasone significantly attenuated the expression of ovalbumin-induced inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); interleukins (IL) 1β, 6 and 13; C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL-11); tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in wild-type mice by more than 40%. In contrast, in MKP-1 deficient mice dexamethasone had no effect or even enhanced the expression of these inflammatory factors. The results suggest that dexamethasone alleviates allergic inflammation through an MKP-1-dependent mechanism. The results also demonstrate MKP-1 as an important conveyor of the favourable glucocorticoid effects in ovalbumin-induced type I allergic reaction. Together with previous findings, the present study supports the concept of MKP-1 enhancing compounds as potential novel anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Lehtola
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Nummenmaa
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riina Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Lu H. Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:435-487. [PMID: 38571396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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6
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Silva RCMC, Gomes FM. Evolution of the Major Components of Innate Immunity in Animals. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:3-20. [PMID: 38281163 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity is present in all animals. In this review, we explore the main conserved mechanisms of recognition and innate immune responses among animals. In this sense, we discuss the receptors, critical for binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); the downstream signaling proteins; and transcription factors that govern immune responses. We also highlight conserved inflammatory mediators that are induced after the recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs. At last, we discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the regulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing immune responses, like heme-oxygenases (HOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Mendonça Gomes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cao M, Zhan M, Jing H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li X, Miao M. Network pharmacology and experimental evidence: MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the anti-asthma roles of Perilla frutescens leaf. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22971. [PMID: 38163225 PMCID: PMC10755271 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (PF) leaf is a traditional Chinese medicine and food with beneficial effects on allergic asthma. We sought to elucidate the active compounds, the targets, and underlying mechanisms of PF leaf in the treatment of allergic asthma by using experimental pharmacology and network pharmacology. An OVA-allergic asthma murine model was constructed to evaluate the effect of PF leaf on allergic asthma. And the network pharmacology and western blotting were performed to evaluate its underlying mechanisms in allergic asthma. PF leaf treatment significantly improved the lung function of OVA model mice and mitigated lung injury by significantly reducing of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in serum, and interleukin 4, interleukin 5 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. 50 core targets were screened based on 8 compounds (determined by high performance liquid chromatography) through compound-target- disease network. Furthermore, MAPK signaling pathway was identified as the pathway mediated by PF leaf with the most potential against allergic asthma. And the WB results showed that PF leaf could down-regulate the expression of p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38, which was highly consistent with the predicted targets and pathway network. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence to support the molecular mechanisms of PF leaf on the treatment of allergic asthma using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhuo Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
| | - Mengling Zhan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
| | - Heyun Jing
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450058, China
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8
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Li J, Wan T, Liu C, Liu H, Ke D, Li L. ANGPTL2 aggravates LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via NLRP3-mediated inflammasome in a DUSP1-dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110701. [PMID: 37531825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) was implicated in various cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related septic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Herein, mice were exposed to LPS to generate septic cardiomyopathy, and adeno-associated viral vector was employed to overexpress ANGPTL2 in the myocardium. Besides, mice were treated with adenoviral vector to knock down ANGPTL2 in hearts. ANGPTL2 expressions in hearts and cardiomyocytes were upregulated by LPS challenge. ANGPTL2 overexpression aggravated, while ANGPTL2 silence ameliorated LPS-associated cardiac impairment and inflammation. Mechanically, we found that ANGPTL2 activated NLRP3 inflammasome via suppressing DUSP1 signaling, and NLRP3 knockdown abrogated the detrimental role of ANGPTL2 in aggravating LPS-induced cardiac inflammation. Furthermore, DUSP1 overexpression significantly inhibited ANGPTL2-mediated NLRP3 activation, and subsequently improved LPS-related cardiac dysfunction. In summary, ANGPTL2 exacerbated septic cardiomyopathy via activating NLRP3-mediated inflammation in a DUSP1-dependent manner, and our study uncovered a promising therapeutic target in preventing septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Luocheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Sun H, Zhao W, Wang T, Zou M, Han Y, Sun Y, Peng X. Low let-7d microRNA levels in chick embryos enhance innate immunity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Vet Res 2023; 54:50. [PMID: 37337278 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chick embryos are a valuable model for studying immunity and vaccines. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-induced immune response in chick embryos for the prevention and control of MG. In this study, we screened for downregulated let-7d microRNA in MG-infected chicken embryonic lungs to explore its involvement in the innate immune mechanism against MG. Here, we demonstrated that low levels of let-7d are a protective mechanism for chicken embryo primary type II pneumocytes (CP-II) in the presence of MG. Specifically, we found that depressed levels of let-7 in CP-II cells reduced the adhesion capacity of MG. This suppressive effect was achieved through the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) target gene and the inactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, MG-induced hyperinflammation and cell death were both alleviated by downregulation of let-7d. In conclusion, chick embryos protect themselves against MG infection through the innate immune molecule let-7d, which may result from its function as an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway to effectively mitigate MG adhesion, the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. This study may provide new insight into the development of vaccines against MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Guo M, Wei J, Zhou Y, Qin Q. Antiviral immunity of grouper MAP kinase phosphatase 1 to Singapore grouper iridovirus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:104674. [PMID: 36889370 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), with various mechanisms for evading and modulating host, has inflicted heavy economic losses in the grouper aquaculture. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) regulates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) to mediate the innate immune response. Here, we cloned EcMKP-1, an MKP-1 homolog from the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides, and investigated its role in the infection of SGIV. In juvenile grouper, EcMKP-1 was highly upregulated and peaked at different times after injection with lipopolysaccharide, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid and SGIV. EcMKP-1 expression in heterologous fathead minnow cells was able to suppress SGIV infection and replication. Furthermore, EcMKP-1 was a negative regulator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation early in SGIV infection. EcMKP-1 decreased the apoptotic percentage and caspase-3 activity during the late stage of SGIV replication. Our results demonstrate critical functions of EcMKP-1 in antiviral immunity, JNK dephosphorylation and anti-apoptosis during SGIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 528478, PR China.
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11
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Li D, Yang L, Wang W, Song C, Xiong R, Pan S, Li N, Geng Q. Eriocitrin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice by regulating MKP1/MAPK pathway mediated-glycolysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110021. [PMID: 36966548 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to aggravate sepsis-induced acute lung injury. In particular, enhanced glycolysis is closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Eriocitrin (ERI) is a natural flavonoid found in citrus fruit that exhibits various pharmacological activities, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the role of ERI in lung injury is not well understood. We established a septic mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for induction. Primary peritoneal macrophages were isolated to verify the relevant molecular mechanism. Tissues were assessed for lung pathology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of oxidative stress, and protein and mRNA expression levels. In vivo experiments showed that ERI effectively alleviated LPS-induced pathological injury, suppress the inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels) and decreased oxidative stress (MDA, ROS) in murine lung tissue. In vitro, ERI increased the resistance of LPS-treated cells to excessive inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the enhancement of glycolysis (indicated by expression levels of HIF-1α, HK2, LDHA, PFKFB3, and PKM2). Specifically, the beneficial effects of ERI following LPS-induced lung injury occurred through promoting the expression of MKP1, which mediates the inactivation of the MAPK pathway to inhibit enhanced glycolysis. These results demonstrate that ERI has a protective effect on sepsis-induced ALI by regulating MKP1/MAPK pathway mediated-glycolysis. Hence, ERI is a promising candidate against ALI via inhibiting glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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12
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Scotece M, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. MKP-1 Deficiency Exacerbates Skin Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Scleroderma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054668. [PMID: 36902103 PMCID: PMC10002998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is a chronic fibrotic disease, where proinflammatory and profibrotic events precede collagen accumulation. MKP-1 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1] downregulates inflammatory MAPK pathways suppressing inflammation. MKP-1 also supports Th1 polarization, which could shift Th1/Th2 balance away from profibrotic Th2 profile prevalent in scleroderma. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective role of MKP-1 in scleroderma. We utilized bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis model as a well-characterized experimental model of scleroderma. Dermal fibrosis and collagen deposition as well as the expression of inflammatory and profibrotic mediators were analyzed in the skin samples. Bleomycin-induced dermal thickness and lipodystrophy were increased in MKP-1-deficient mice. MKP-1 deficiency enhanced collagen accumulation and increased expression of collagens, 1A1 and 3A1, in the dermis. Bleomycin-treated skin from MKP-1-deficient mice also showed enhanced expression of inflammatory and profibrotic factors IL-6, TGF-β1, fibronectin-1 and YKL-40, and chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-2, as compared to wild-type mice. The results show, for the first time, that MKP-1 protects from bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, suggesting that MKP-1 favorably modifies inflammation and fibrotic processes that drive the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Compounds enhancing the expression or activity of MKP-1 could thus prevent fibrotic processes in scleroderma and possess potential as a novel immunomodulative drug.
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13
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Zhang T, Ren Y, Yang C, Gebeyew K, Gao M, He Z, Tan Z. An integrated transcriptome and microbial community analysis reveals potential mechanisms for increased immune responses when replacing silybum marianum meal with soybean meal in growing lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1093129. [PMID: 36937266 PMCID: PMC10018209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1093129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum meal is a by-product that remains silymarin complex and is perceived as a potential-protein source. The potential and its mechanism of silybum marianum meal as a protein supplement in ruminants were evaluated by testing the growth performance, biochemical parameters, cytokine levels, gut transcriptome and microbial community profiles. Forty-two male Hulunbeier growing lambs (aged about 3-month-old; averaged body weight of 21.55 kg) were randomly divided into the CON (with 10% soybean meal) and SIL groups (with 10% silybum marianum meal). There was no significant difference in growth performance, feed intakes, or serum biochemical parameters between CON and SIL. The serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, HGF, and VEGF were all increased (p < 0.05) in the SIL group as compared with the CON group. Transcriptome gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the core genes in the rumen from SIL group were enriched with fructose and mannose metabolism, while the core genes in the ileum were enriched for three biological process, including digestive tract development, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, and regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. The 16S rDNA results showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Synergistetes, and Verrucomicrobia in the rumen from SIL group was significantly higher than that in CON group (p < 0.05), whereas Proteobacteria was significantly lower than that in CON group (p < 0.05). The LEfSe analysis showed that the genera Pyramidobacter, Saccharofermentans, Anaerovibrio, Oscillibacter and Barnesiella were enriched in the rumen from SIL group, whereas Sharpea was enriched in the CON group (LDA > 2). In the ileum, there were no significant differences in the phylum-level classification of microbes observed. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus in the ileum from SIL group were significantly higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Clostridium_XI was lower (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Clostridium_XI was negatively correlated with VEGF, TGF-β, TNF-α and HGF (p < 0.05). Core genes BMP4 and CD4 were negatively correlated with Clostridium_XI (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that supplementing silybum marianum meal as a replacement for soybean meal resulted in increased cytokines production without affecting growth performance in growing lambs, and the enrichment of immune-related genes and altered microbial community in the ileum were contributed to the increased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- School of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kefyalew Gebeyew
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixiong He,
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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14
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Jia J, Wang F, Bhujabal Z, Peters R, Mudd M, Duque T, Allers L, Javed R, Salemi M, Behrends C, Phinney B, Johansen T, Deretic V. Stress granules and mTOR are regulated by membrane atg8ylation during lysosomal damage. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202207091. [PMID: 36179369 PMCID: PMC9533235 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that lysosomal damage is a hitherto unknown inducer of stress granule (SG) formation and that the process termed membrane atg8ylation coordinates SG formation with mTOR inactivation during lysosomal stress. SGs were induced by lysosome-damaging agents including SARS-CoV-2ORF3a, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and proteopathic tau. During damage, mammalian ATG8s directly interacted with the core SG proteins NUFIP2 and G3BP1. Atg8ylation was needed for their recruitment to damaged lysosomes independently of SG condensates whereupon NUFIP2 contributed to mTOR inactivation via the Ragulator-RagA/B complex. Thus, cells employ membrane atg8ylation to control and coordinate SG and mTOR responses to lysosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Zambarlal Bhujabal
- Autophagy Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ryan Peters
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Thabata Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Terje Johansen
- Autophagy Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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15
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Angiotensin II type-2 receptor activation in alveolar macrophages mediates protection against cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106469. [PMID: 36167278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally. Cumulative evidence has implicated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of COPD. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the first line immune defense in the respiratory system and play a critical role in the lung homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of AMs in contributing to the protective effects of angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) activation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD. The AM polarization, phagocytosis and metabolism, and the underlying biochemical mechanisms of compound 21 (C21), a selective and potent non-peptide small molecule AT2R agonist, were evaluated in a two-week CS-induced COPD mouse model. C21 restored AM phagocytosis ability, reversing CS-induced AM phagocytosis impairment. CS exposure polarized AMs towards M1 phenotype, whereas, C21 skewed the CS-exposed AMs towards M2 phenotype. C21 reprogrammed CS-exposed AM metabolism from a high glycolysis-driven process to support inflammation energy demand to a high mitochondrial respiration process to limit inflammation. Besides, C21 upregulated AT2R and Mas receptor levels in CS-exposed AMs, favoring the anti-inflammatory Ang II/AT2R axis and Ang 1-7/Mas axis in the RAS. C21 restored the normal levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1) in CS-exposed AMs, leading to the reduction of phospho-p38, phospho-ERK and p65 subunit of NF-κB levels in CS-exposed AMs. We report here for the first time that AT2R agonist C21 acts by boosting the protective functions of AMs against CS-induced COPD, and our results support the development of AT2R agonist for the treatment of COPD.
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16
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Dexamethasone Attenuates the Expression of MMP-13 in Chondrocytes through MKP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073880. [PMID: 35409238 PMCID: PMC8998740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is upregulated in inflammation and reduces the activity of proinflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) by dephosphorylation. MAP kinases are intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the cellular effects of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the expression of catabolic enzymes in chondrocytes and tested the hypothesis that these effects are mediated through MKP-1. Dexamethasone was found to significantly attenuate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in human OA chondrocytes as well as in chondrocytes from MKP-1 WT mice, but not in chondrocytes from MKP-1 KO mice. Dexamethasone also increased the expression of MKP-1 in murine and human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors significantly attenuated MMP-13 expression in human OA chondrocytes, while JNK MAP kinase inhibitors had no effect. The results indicate that the effect of dexamethasone on MMP-13 expression in chondrocytes was mediated by an MKP-1 and p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. These findings, together with previous results, support the concept of MKP-1 as a protective factor in articular chondrocytes in inflammatory conditions and as a potential drug target to treat OA.
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17
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Kabiraj P, Grund EM, Clarkson BDS, Johnson RK, LaFrance-Corey RG, Lucchinetti CF, Howe CL. Teriflunomide shifts the astrocytic bioenergetic profile from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and attenuates TNFα-induced inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3049. [PMID: 35197552 PMCID: PMC8866412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes utilize both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways to power cellular processes that are vital to maintaining normal CNS functions. These cells also mount inflammatory and acute phase reactive programs in response to diverse stimuli. While the metabolic functions of astrocytes under homeostatic conditions are well-studied, the role of cellular bioenergetics in astrocyte reactivity is poorly understood. Teriflunomide exerts immunomodulatory effects in diseases such as multiple sclerosis by metabolically reprogramming lymphocytes and myeloid cells. We hypothesized that teriflunomide would constrain astrocytic inflammatory responses. Purified murine astrocytes were grown under serum-free conditions to prevent acquisition of a spontaneous reactive state. Stimulation with TNFα activated NFκB and increased secretion of Lcn2. TNFα stimulation increased basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production in astrocytes, as assessed by oxygen consumption rate. TNFα also increased glycolytic reserve and glycolytic capacity of astrocytes but did not change the basal glycolytic rate, as assessed by measuring the extracellular acidification rate. TNFα specifically increased mitochondrial ATP production and secretion of Lcn2 required ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase via teriflunomide transiently increased both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in quiescent astrocytes, but only the increased glycolytic ATP production was sustained over time, resulting in a bias away from mitochondrial ATP production even at doses down to 1 μM. Preconditioning with teriflunomide prevented the TNFα-induced skew toward oxidative phosphorylation, reduced mitochondrial ATP production, and reduced astrocytic inflammatory responses, suggesting that this drug may limit neuroinflammation by acting as a metabolomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ethan M Grund
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Graduate School Neuroscience PhD Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D S Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renee K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Reghann G LaFrance-Corey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Translational Neuroimmunology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1542C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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18
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Wang J, Zhang W, Chu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Ji H. Deoxyshikonin-Induced Gene Expression Profile in Porcine Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:711721. [PMID: 35097037 PMCID: PMC8792893 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.711721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wang
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Zhang W, Kazeem BB, Yang H, Liu G, Wang G, Li Z, Guo T, Zhao P, Dong J. Aeromonas sobria regulates proinflammatory immune response in mouse macrophages via activating the MAPK, AKT, and NF-κB pathways. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:782-790. [PMID: 34514758 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables (Cahill, 1990; Galindo et al., 2004; Song et al., 2019). Aeromonas spp. are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, which can rapidly proliferate, causing disease and even death in fish, especially when the environment is degraded (Neamat-Allah et al., 2020, 2021a, 2021b). In developing countries, Aeromonas spp. have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, and lung infections (San Joaquin and Pickett, 1988; Wang et al., 2009; Su et al., 2013). Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals (Miyamoto et al., 2017). The presence of a plasmid encoding a β-lactamase in A. sobria that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a huge challenge to the treatment of diseases caused by this microorganism (Lim and Hong, 2020). Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between A. sobria and its hosts is urgently required to enable the development of effective strategies for the treatment of A. sobria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | | | - Haitao Yang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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20
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Pu X, Li X, Cao L, Yue K, Zhao P, Wang X, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang N, Zhao Z, Liang M, Gong P. Giardia duodenalis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Mouse Macrophages via TLR9-Mediated p38 and ERK Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:694675. [PMID: 34336841 PMCID: PMC8319647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia lamblia or Giardia intestinalis, is an important opportunistic, pathogenic, zoonotic, protozoan parasite that infects the small intestines of humans and animals, causing giardiasis. Several studies have demonstrated that innate immunity-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical for the elimination of G. duodenalis; however, whether TLR9 has a role in innate immune responses against Giardia infection remains unknown. In the present study, various methods, including reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, inhibitor assays, and small-interfering RNA interference, were utilized to probe the role of TLR9 in mouse macrophage-mediated defenses against G. lamblia virus (GLV)–free or GLV-containing Giardia trophozoites. The results revealed that in G. duodenalis–stimulated mouse macrophages, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-12 p40, was enhanced, concomitant with the significant activation of TLR9, whereas silencing TLR9 attenuated the host inflammatory response. Notably, the presence of GLV exacerbated the secretion of host proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, G. duodenalis stimulation activated multiple signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), p38, ERK, and AKT pathways, the latter three in a TLR9-dependent manner. Additionally, inhibiting the p38 or ERK pathway downregulated the G. duodenalis–induced inflammatory response, whereas AKT inhibition aggravated this process. Taken together, these results indicated that G. duodenalis may induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by activating the p38 and ERK signaling pathways in a TLR9-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. Our in vitro findings on the mechanism underlying the TLR9-mediated host inflammatory response may help establish the foundation for an in-depth investigation of the role of TLR9 in the pathogenicity of G. duodenalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Pu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Parasite, Jilin Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiteng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Liu D, Du J, Sun J, Li M. Parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate-induced apoptosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts by activating MKP1 phosphatase. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1997-2006. [PMID: 34024253 PMCID: PMC8806876 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1928930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (BPs) is the main factor causing BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Further, oxidative stress and apoptosis of fibroblasts induced by ROS are closely associated with the activation of MAPK. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) can block the activity of MAPK by regulating the levels of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1). Therefore, it is speculated that PTHrP can inhibit the apoptosis of HPdLFs caused by nitrogen-containing BP via regulating the expression levels of MKP1. Herein, alendronate sodium salt trihydrate (nitrogen-containing BP, FOS) and HPdLFs were co-cultured for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and the levels of ROS and apoptosis were determined, respectively. After 48 h co-culture, FOS significantly increased the levels of ROS and apoptosis, and high phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK1/2 and p66Shc were found in this study. However, the inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2 significantly reduced the apoptosis of HPdLFs. Interestingly, PTHrP pre-treatment significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK1/2, and p66Shc. More importantly, MKP1 inhibitor sanguinarine inhibited the dephosphorylation levels of p38, ERK1/2, and p66Shc caused by PTHrP. Altogether, PTHrP can inhibit nitrogen-containing BP-induced apoptosis of HPdLFs by activating MKP1 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan China
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22
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Li R, Wu K, Li Y, Liang X, Lai KP, Chen J. Integrative pharmacological mechanism of vitamin C combined with glycyrrhizic acid against COVID-19: findings of bioinformatics analyses. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1161-1174. [PMID: 32662814 PMCID: PMC7462346 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fatal and fast-spreading viral infection. To date, the number of COVID-19 patients worldwide has crossed over six million with over three hundred and seventy thousand deaths (according to the data from World Health Organization; updated on 2 June 2020). Although COVID-19 can be rapidly diagnosed, efficient clinical treatment of COVID-19 remains unavailable, resulting in high fatality. Some clinical trials have identified vitamin C (VC) as a potent compound pneumonia management. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is clinically as an anti-inflammatory medicine against pneumonia-induced inflammatory stress. We hypothesized that the combination of VC and GA is a potential option for treating COVID-19. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms of VC + GA treatment for COVID-19, using bioinformational network pharmacology. RESULTS We uncovered optimal targets, biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of VC + GA against COVID-19. Our findings suggested that combinatorial VC and GA treatment for COVID-19 was associated with elevation of immunity and suppression of inflammatory stress, including activation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway, regulation of Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, ErbB signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. We also identified 17 core targets of VC + GA, which suggest as antimicrobial function. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our study uncovered the pharmacological mechanism underlying combined VC and GA treatment for COVID-19. These results should benefit efforts to address the most pressing problem currently facing the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka Wu
- Guilin Medical University
| | - Yu Li
- Guilin Medical University
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23
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Obi ON, Lower EE, Baughman RP. Biologic and advanced immunomodulating therapeutic options for sarcoidosis: a clinical update. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:179-210. [PMID: 33487042 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1878024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. A quarter of sarcoidosis patients require long-term treatment for chronic disease. In this group, corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents be insufficient to control diseaseAreas covered: Several biologic agents have been studied for treatment of chronic pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease. A review of the available literature was performed searching PubMed and an expert opinion regarding specific therapy was developed.Expert opinion: These agents have the potential of treating patients who have progressive disease. Many of these agents have different mechanisms of action, response rates, and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogugua Ndili Obi
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elyse E Lower
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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24
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Huang Y, Zheng WJ, Ni YS, Li MS, Chen JK, Liu XH, Tan XH, Li JQ. Therapeutic mechanism of Toujie Quwen granules in COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. BioData Min 2020; 13:15. [PMID: 32983259 PMCID: PMC7512049 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese medicine Toujie Quwen granule (TJQW) has proven to be effective in the treatment of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases by relieving symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and boosting the recovery of patients. But the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of TJQW for COVID-19 prevention and treatment are unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of TJQW in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods TCMSP were used to search and screen the active ingredients in TJQW. The Swiss TargetPrediction was used to predict the potential targets of active ingredients. Genes co-expressed with ACE2 were considered potential therapeutic targets on COVID-19. Venn diagram was created to show correlative targets of TJQW against COVID-19. Cytoscape was used to construct a “drug-active ingredient-potential target” network, STRING were used to construct protein-protein interaction network, and cytoHubba performed network topology analysis. Enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways of core targets was performed by using the clusterProfiler package in R software and ClueGO with CluePedia plugins in Cytoscape. Results A total of 156 active ingredients were obtained through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness screenings. Two hundred twenty-seven potential targets of TJQW were related to COVID-19. The top ten core targets are EGFR, CASP3, STAT3, ESR1, FPR2, F2, BCL2L1, BDKRB2, MPO, and ACE. Based on that, we obtained 19 key active ingredients: umbelliprenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, praeruptorin E, stigmasterol, and oroxylin A. And the enrichment analysis obtained multiple related gene ontology functions and signaling pathways. Lastly, we constructed a key network of “drug-component-target-biological process-signaling pathway”. Our findings suggested that TJQW treatment for COVID-19 was associated with elevation of immunity and suppression of inflammatory stress, including regulation of inflammatory response, viral process, neutrophil mediated immunity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study uncovered the pharmacological mechanism underlying TJQW treatment for COVID-19. These results should benefit efforts for people around the world to gain more knowledge about Chinese medicine TJQW in the treatment of this vicious epidemic COVID-19, and help to address this pressing problem currently facing the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Shi Ni
- The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-Sha Li
- Tianhe Shadong Street Community Healthcare Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kun Chen
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hua Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Beacon TH, Su RC, Lakowski TM, Delcuve GP, Davie JR. SARS-CoV-2 multifaceted interaction with the human host. Part II: Innate immunity response, immunopathology, and epigenetics. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2331-2354. [PMID: 32936531 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 makes its way into the cell via the ACE2 receptor and the proteolytic action of TMPRSS2. In response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response is the first line of defense, triggering multiple signaling pathways to produce interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and initiating the adaptive immune response against the virus. Unsurprisingly, the virus has developed strategies to evade detection, which can result in delayed, excessive activation of the innate immune system. The response elicited by the host depends on multiple factors, including health status, age, and sex. An overactive innate immune response can lead to a cytokine storm, inflammation, and vascular disruption, leading to the vast array of symptoms exhibited by COVID-19 patients. What is known about the expression and epigenetic regulation of the ACE2 gene and the various players in the host response are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim H Beacon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ted M Lakowski
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geneviève P Delcuve
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts.
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